TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A weapon or munition which is primarily designed to set fire to objects or to cause burn injury to persons through the action of flame, heat, or combination thereof, produced by a chemical reaction of a substance delivered on the target.  2, record 1, English, - incendiary%20weapon

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Incendiary weapons can take the form of, for example, flame throwers, fougasses, shells, rockets, grenades, mines, bombs and other containers of incendiary substances.  2, record 1, English, - incendiary%20weapon

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

incendiary weapon: term extracted from the "Disarmament and Peace Keeping" glossary with the permission of the United Nations Office at Geneva.  3, record 1, English, - incendiary%20weapon

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

arme incendiaire : terme tiré du lexique «Désarmement et Maintien de la Paix» avec l'autorisation de l'Office des Nations Unies à Genève.  2, record 1, French, - arme%20incendiaire

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Miliaria, or heat rash, represents an inflammatory reaction around a sweat duct. The reaction is caused by blockage of the duct along with extravasation of its content into the surrounding tissue. Clinically, miliaria most often appears as multiple small papules...  4, record 2, English, - miliaria

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La miliaire sudorale, aussi nommée éruption miliaire ou boutons de chaleur, est caractérisée par des éruptions cutanées sans conséquence grave causées par un emprisonnement de la sueur dans la peau due à l'obturation des canaux sudoripares au niveau de la couche la plus externe de l'épiderme [...]  1, record 2, French, - miliaire%20sudorale

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

ITC is the only technique that can simultaneously determine all binding parameters in a single experiment. Requiring no modification or immobilization of binding partners, ITC measures the affinity of binding partners in their native states. Measuring heat transfer during binding enables accurate determination of binding constants... reaction stoichiometry... enthalpy... and entropy...  2, record 3, English, - isothermal%20titration%20calorimetry

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La calorimétrie de titrage isotherme (ITC) est une puissante technique d'analyse qui permet la caractérisation approfondie des événements de liaison moléculaire.  2, record 3, French, - calorim%C3%A9trie%20de%20titration%20isotherme

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Soap obtained by cold saponification of molten fats mixed with a cold concentrated alkali lye. The heat produced by the exothermic reaction leads to completion of the reaction. In contrast with the conventional higher temperature processes, this process can be carried out at 50 °C. Usually part of the fats remains unsaponified. [Definition standardized by ISO. ]  2, record 5, English, - cold%20process%20soap

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

cold-process soap: term standardized by ISO.  3, record 5, English, - cold%20process%20soap

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Savon obtenu par saponification de corps gras fondus mélangés avec une lessive alcaline concentrée et froide. La chaleur produite par la réaction exothermique permet d'obtenir la réaction complète. Cette opération à froid peut se faire à 50 °C, mais elle est opposée à la plupart des procédés conventionnels à plus hautes températures. Habituellement certaines graisses et huiles restent insaponifiées. [Définition normalisée par l'AFNOR et reproduite avec son autorisation.]  2, record 5, French, - savon%20d%27emp%C3%A2tage%20%C3%A0%20froid

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

savon d'empâtage à froid : terme normalisé par l'AFNOR et l'ISO.  3, record 5, French, - savon%20d%27emp%C3%A2tage%20%C3%A0%20froid

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Potassium deficiency may produce a tip burn, but more often this is a reaction to heat, common in potatoes and particularly in lettuce, which shows marginal browning of leaves and small brown or black spots in tissues near larger veins.  2, record 6, English, - tip%20burn

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

tip burn: term extracted from the “Glossaire de l’agriculture” and reproduced with permission of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.  3, record 6, English, - tip%20burn

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Ce type de maladie (cœur noir) affecte aussi d'autres cultures maraîchères comme la tomate et le piment (pourriture apicale), la laitue (brûlure de la pointe). [Maladies de la tomate et du céleri, p. 25]  2, record 6, French, - br%C3%BBlure%20de%20la%20pointe

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Throughout the world, the basic oxygen furnace(BOF) produces more steel than any other process, and it is the primary steel production method in the United States. While the basic oxygen furnace is an improvement over the earlier open hearth and Bessemer processes, the vessel for converting pig iron into steel in a basic oxygen furnace is similar in design to its predecessor, the Bessemer converter. There is no heat source associated with the converter; it relies on the exothermic reaction between iron and oxygen. Therefore, a basic oxygen converter is not a furnace. However, there are some vessels that may use an additional hydrocarbon heat source.  2, record 7, English, - basic%20oxygen%20furnace

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

basic oxygen furnace: term standardized by Environment Canada and the Translation Bureau for use in the Air Pollutant Emission Inventory Report.  5, record 7, English, - basic%20oxygen%20furnace

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'aciérie de Port Kembla qui utilise un convertisseur à oxygène transforme la ferraille et le fer liquide en acier brut, en utilisant de l'oxygène et des flux pour former le laitier. Après avoir prélevé des échantillons pour vérifier la température et la composition chimique, l'acier est coulé dans une poche de coulée réfractaire, et des alliages sont ajoutés pour produire la qualité d'acier requise.  2, record 7, French, - convertisseur%20basique%20%C3%A0%20oxyg%C3%A8ne

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

convertisseur basique à oxygène : terme normalisé par Environnement Canada et le Bureau de la traduction dans le cadre de l'Inventaire des émissions de polluants atmosphériques.  3, record 7, French, - convertisseur%20basique%20%C3%A0%20oxyg%C3%A8ne

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Chemists typically activate chemical reactions through the application of heat(thermochemistry), light(photochemistry), or electric potential(electrochemistry). An alternative approach, called mechanochemistry, involves activating reactions through the application of mechanical stresses. In this approach specific atoms in a molecule are subjected to external stresses. These stresses deform the molecular geometry in a manner that alters the relative energies of reactants and transition states, thus altering reaction barriers.  3, record 8, English, - mechanochemistry

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] les chercheurs s'intéressent aux influences que peut avoir le traitement mécanique sur la réactivité des solides : ainsi une véritable branche scientifique appelée «mécanochimie» est née. La mécanochimie s'intéresse à des disciplines très variées, comme la corrosion des pièces des machines dans les solutions : la dissolution des matériaux constituant ces pièces est grandement accélérée par l'action de friction de la surface du matériau.  1, record 8, French, - m%C3%A9canochimie

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La mecanoquímica es una alternativa energéticamente eficiente que evita el uso de grandes cantidades de disolventes y usa un proceso de molienda de alta frecuencia, mediante diminutas bolas metálicas, para generar las reacciones. La molienda se consigue mediante los impactos intensos de bolitas de acero que son agitadas junto con los reactivos y los catalizadores en un recipiente que vibra con gran rapidez. Las transformaciones químicas se producen en los lugares en que colisionan las bolas, donde el impacto genera puntos localizados de presión y calor significativos durante un instante.  1, record 8, Spanish, - mecanoqu%C3%ADmica

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Combustion of a material in the solid phase without flame but with emission of light from the combustion zone.  3, record 9, English, - glowing%20combustion

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Flaming combustion burns wood fuel gases. It is the burning of the gases that produces the flame. The radiant heat of flaming combustion also preheats and pre-ignites unburned wood. Glowing combustion occurs only in cooler sections of the fire. It is the same chemical reaction as flaming combustion but burns wood fuel solids. Some of the wood glows red with glowing combustion. Sometimes flaming combustion proceeds until only ash, water and carbon dioxide remain; at other times wood cools off enough to stop burning before all the charcoal is consumed.  4, record 9, English, - glowing%20combustion

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 2 CONT

There was more residue left for both samples at the end of flaming combustion than at the end of the test, but glowing combustion (surface oxidative combustion) consumed some of the residues during the two minutes non-flaming exposure.  2, record 9, English, - glowing%20combustion

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

glowing combustion: term and definition standardized by ISO.  5, record 9, English, - glowing%20combustion

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Combustion d'un matériau, à l'état solide, sans flamme mais avec émission de lumière émanant de la zone de combustion.  1, record 9, French, - incandescence%20avec%20combustion

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

incandescence : Émission de rayonnement visible d'origine thermique.  4, record 9, French, - incandescence%20avec%20combustion

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Si la réaction [de combustion] est assez rapide, le dégagement de chaleur est suffisant pour que le corps combustible soit porté à l'incandescence; on dit qu'il y a «combustion vive» [...]. Si l'oxydation est assez lente pour que la chaleur dégagée se dissipe sans échauffer notablement le corps combustible, on dit qu'il y a «combustion lente», appelée plus communément oxydation [...]  4, record 9, French, - incandescence%20avec%20combustion

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 3 OBS

incandescence avec combustion : terme normalisé par l'ISO mais mal formé; définition normalisée par l'ISO.  5, record 9, French, - incandescence%20avec%20combustion

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Combustión de un material en la fase sólida sin llama pero con emisión de luz de la zona de combustión.  1, record 9, Spanish, - combusti%C3%B3n%20incandescente

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Flaming combustion is one example of a chemical chain reaction. Sufficient heat will cause fuel and oxygen to form free radicals and initiate the self-sustained chemical reaction.  1, record 10, English, - chemical%20chain%20reaction

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La combustion vive est un exemple d'une réaction chimique en chaîne. Sous l'action d'une chaleur suffisante, le combustible et l'oxygène forment des radicaux libres et déclenchent la réaction chimique autogène.  1, record 10, French, - r%C3%A9action%20chimique%20en%20cha%C3%AEne

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A plastic that has thermosetting properties.  4, record 11, English, - thermosetting%20plastic

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

As the name implies, thermosetting plastics or thermosets are cured, set, or hardened into a permanent shape. This curing is an irreversible chemical reaction known as cross linking, which usually occurs under heat.  5, record 11, English, - thermosetting%20plastic

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

thermosetting plastic: term and definition standardized by ISO [International Organization for Standardization].  6, record 11, English, - thermosetting%20plastic

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Plastique présentant le caractère thermodurcissable.  3, record 11, French, - plastique%20thermodurcissable

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

plastique thermodurcissable : terme et définition normalisés par l'ISO [Organisation internationale de normalisation].  4, record 11, French, - plastique%20thermodurcissable

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Plástico que tiene propiedades de termoendurecibles.  3, record 11, Spanish, - pl%C3%A1stico%20termoendurecible

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Passive agents are materials that absorb heat but do not participate actively in the combustion reaction.  1, record 12, English, - passive%20agent

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les agents passifs sont des matériaux qui absorbent la chaleur sans toutefois participer activement à la réaction de combustion.  1, record 12, French, - agent%20passif

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[An ignition that] occurs when a mixture of fuel and oxygen encounter an external heat... source with sufficient heat energy to start the combustion reaction.  1, record 13, English, - piloted%20ignition

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[Inflammation qui] se produit lorsqu'un mélange de combustible et d'oxygène rencontre une source de chaleur externe [...] et dégage suffisamment d'énergie thermique pour déclencher une réaction de combustion.  1, record 13, French, - inflammation%20amorc%C3%A9e

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The model of the four elements/conditions required to have a fire.  1, record 14, English, - fire%20tetrahedron

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The four sides of the tetrahedron represent fuel, heat, oxygen... and chemical chain reaction.  1, record 14, English, - fire%20tetrahedron

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Modèle des quatre éléments/conditions nécessaires à la combustion.  1, record 14, French, - t%C3%A9tra%C3%A8dre%20du%20feu

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Les quatre côtés du tétraèdre représentent le combustible, la chaleur, l'oxygène et la réaction chimique en chaîne.  1, record 14, French, - t%C3%A9tra%C3%A8dre%20du%20feu

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The stage of [the] burning process where energy release is at maximum rate and is limited only by availability of fuel and oxygen.  1, record 15, English, - fully%20developed%20stage

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In the fully developed stage, the fire is ventilation controlled in that heat release is dependent on the compartment openings, which are providing oxygen to support the ongoing combustion reaction and releasing products of combustion.  1, record 15, English, - fully%20developed%20stage

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Phase du processus de combustion dans laquelle la libération de l'énergie est maximale [et] n'est limitée que par les quantités de combustion et d'oxygène disponibles.  1, record 15, French, - phase%20de%20combustion%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ralis%C3%A9e

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

À la phase de combustion généralisée, le feu est contrôlé par la ventilation car le dégagement de chaleur dépend des ouvertures qui assurent l'apport en oxygène nécessaire pour entretenir la réaction en combustion et le dégagement de produits de combustion.  1, record 15, French, - phase%20de%20combustion%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ralis%C3%A9e

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A furnace in which ores or metallurgical products are calcined.  1, record 16, English, - calcining%20furnace

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

calcination: The operation of heating an ore or a refractory material to a high temperature but without fusing in order to effect useful physical and chemical changes.  3, record 16, English, - calcining%20furnace

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 2 OBS

[calcination] differs from roasting because air is not supplied to the charge during heating. The essential difference between calcining and roasting is that roasting involves a chemical reaction between the gas and the solids, but in calcination the surrounding hot gas serves merely to provide the necessary heat.  1, record 16, English, - calcining%20furnace

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The quantity of heat released or absorbed by a reaction.  3, record 17, English, - heat%20of%20reaction

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Quantité de calories libérées au cours d'une réaction exothermique.  2, record 17, French, - chaleur%20de%20r%C3%A9action

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Calor que se libera en procesos físicos, químicos o nucleares.  2, record 17, Spanish, - calor%20de%20reacci%C3%B3n

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Ciertas reacciones, calificadas de exotérmicas, se efectúan con desprendimiento de calor; por el contrario, las reacciones endotérmicas absorben calor.  3, record 17, Spanish, - calor%20de%20reacci%C3%B3n

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An equation, based on statistical mechanics, which gives the specific reaction rate for a chemical reaction in terms of the heat of activation, entropy of activation, the temperature, and various constants.  1, record 18, English, - Eyring%20equation

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Équation fondée sur la mécanique statistique qui exprime la vitesse de réaction spécifique d’une réaction chimique en prenant en compte la chaleur d’activation, l’entropie d’activation, la température et diverses constantes.  2, record 18, French, - %C3%A9quation%20d%26rsquo%3BEyring

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Ecuación utilizada para describir reacciones químicas; [...] representa la probabilidad de que la reacción química tenga lugar una vez que el sistema ha alcanzado el estado activado.  1, record 18, Spanish, - ecuaci%C3%B3n%20de%20Eyring

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Conversion, by heat or by chemical reaction(e. g., enolization), of an optically active compound into an optically inactive form, in which half of the optically active substance becomes its mirror-image(enantiomer).  2, record 19, English, - racemization

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Réaction chimique transformant un énantiomère en mélange racémique correspondant.  2, record 19, French, - rac%C3%A9misation

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 2 DEF

Transformation spontanée ou provoquée d'un composé optiquement actif en racémique.  3, record 19, French, - rac%C3%A9misation

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 20,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Temperature at which an enzyme exhibits maximal activity under specified conditions.  1, record 20, English, - optimum%20temperature

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Although enzyme-catalyzed reactions often appear to have an optimum temperature, the peak in such a plot of catalytic activity vs. temperature results because enzymes, being proteins, are denatured by heat and become inactive as the temperature is raised beyond a certain point. The apparent temperature "optimum" is thus the resultant of two processes :(1) the usual increase in reaction rate with temperature and(2) the increasing rate of thermal denaturation of the enzyme above a critical temperature.  3, record 20, English, - optimum%20temperature

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Température à laquelle la vitesse de réaction enzymatique atteint une valeur maximale.  2, record 20, French, - temp%C3%A9rature%20optimale

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La température optimale est un compromis entre le fait que l'élévation de température augmente la vitesse de réaction et qu'en même temps, elle dénature l'enzyme. Il est difficile de donner une valeur précise à la température optimale d'une réaction enzymatique, la vitesse de dénaturation de l'enzyme étant fonction du pH et de la durée de la réaction. (...) Plus le temps est court, plus la température optimale peut être élevée.  3, record 20, French, - temp%C3%A9rature%20optimale

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 21,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The breakdown of a material(by heat, chemical reaction, electrolysis, decay, or other processes) into parts, elements, or simpler compounds.  2, record 21, English, - decomposition

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... in situ breakdown, by passage of groundwaters, of potassium feldspar in arkosic sandstone ...  4, record 21, English, - decomposition

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS

In simple decomposition, one substance breaks down into two simpler substances. In double decomposition, two compounds break down and recombine to form two different compounds.  5, record 21, English, - decomposition

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Résolution d'un corps simple ou composé en substances plus simples.  2, record 21, French, - d%C3%A9composition

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] décomposition in situ des feldspaths potassiques dans les grès arkosiques par le passage des eaux souterraines [...]  3, record 21, French, - d%C3%A9composition

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La décomposition chimique peut se faire par le temps, la chaleur, le froid, la pression, le vide, l'électricité, les réactifs chimiques, les diastases, les corps radioactifs, etc.  2, record 21, French, - d%C3%A9composition

Record 21,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Acción y efecto de descomponerse (separar[se]) los componentes o podrirse.  2, record 21, Spanish, - descomposici%C3%B3n

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La descomposición del agua (del estiércol).  2, record 21, Spanish, - descomposici%C3%B3n

Record 22,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

It has been well established in pure and applied chemistry of simple molecules that reaction energies at room temperature can be understood in terms of two contributions, one related to energy differences at 0 K [Kelvin](the innate inherent chemical bond energy) and the other associated with integrals of heat capacity data over a range of temperatures(the thermal agitation energy). The necessity of a comparable separation of energy terms for biological reactions, however, has not been obvious to most workers in structural and molecular biology.  1, record 22, English, - thermal%20agitation%20energy

Record 22,  Textual support,  French

Record 22,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 23,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Emission of light as a consequence of the cellular oxidation of some substrate (luciferins) in the presence of an enzyme (luciferases). It is present in bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and species belonging to 40 different orders of animals.  2, record 23, English, - bioluminescence

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Bioluminescence results from a chemical reaction(chemiluminescence) in which the conversion of chemical energy to radiant energy is direct and virtually 100 percent efficient; i. e., very little heat is given off in the process. For this reason the emission is called cold light, or luminescence.  3, record 23, English, - bioluminescence

Record 23,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Production de lumière par certains organismes vivants par l'intermédiaire d'une réaction d'oxydoréduction mettant en jeu un substrat (une luciférine) et une enzyme (une luciférase) en présence d'oxygène.  2, record 23, French, - bioluminescence

Record 23,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Capacidad de emisión de energía luminosa de los seres vivos o sustancias derivadas de ellos.  2, record 23, Spanish, - bioluminescencia

Record 24,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

As shown by the reactions below, the endothermic reforming reaction is driven by the exothermic shift and methanation reactions, thereby eliminating the need to provide heat to the reactor.  2, record 24, English, - endothermic%20reforming%20reaction

Record 24,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le reformage de la vapeur est souvent utilisé pour extraire l'hydrogène des hydrocarbures ou des alcools. Le composé contenant de l'hydrogène réagit avec la vapeur d'eau pour produire un mélange d'hydrogène et de monoxyde de carbone. Cette réaction est habituellement endothermique, en d'autres termes, elle a besoin de chaleur pour se produire [...]  2, record 24, French, - r%C3%A9action%20endothermique%20de%20reformage

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Terme construit sur le modèle de «réaction chimique de reformage» présent dans la source TECHN (Techniques de l'ingénieur), 2002.  1, record 24, French, - r%C3%A9action%20endothermique%20de%20reformage

Record 24,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 25,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The SVP/R3 process generating system involves the same reaction as the R2 process. Steam is the stripping medium and the diluent for the ClO₂ produced. A heat exchanger provides the heat to evaporate water and crystallize the sodium sulphate which is filtered off and sent to the recovery system. The unused acid plus residual chlorate and chloride are returned to the generator.  1, record 25, English, - SVP%2FR%2D3%20process

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Promoter of the SVP Process: Hookes Chemicals and Plastics Corp., while the R-3 Process is being promoted by ERCO Industries Ltd.  2, record 25, English, - SVP%2FR%2D3%20process

Record 25,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Procédés SVP/R-3. Perfectionné à partir du procédé R-2, ce procédé [de blanchiment des pâtes] utilise la vapeur pour extraire et diluer le ClO₂ produit. Un échangeur de chaleur procure l'énergie pour évaporer l'eau et cristalliser le sulfate de sodium qui est filtré et envoyé au système de récupération. L'acide, les chlorates et les chlorures résiduels sont retournés au générateur.  1, record 25, French, - proc%C3%A9d%C3%A9s%20SVP%2FR%2D3

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Promoteurs : Hookes Chemicals and Plastics Corp., (procédé SVP) et ERCO Industries Ltd (procédé R-3).  2, record 25, French, - proc%C3%A9d%C3%A9s%20SVP%2FR%2D3

Record 25,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 26,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The heat of reaction resulting from the complete burning of a substance and expressed variously(as in calories per gram or per mole or esp. for fuels in British thermal units per pound or per cubic foot).  3, record 26, English, - heat%20of%20combustion

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Contrary to French usage, English usage does not distinguish between "heat of combustion" and "calorific power."  7, record 26, English, - heat%20of%20combustion

Record 26,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[...] quantité de chaleur produite par la combustion d'une mole de corps pur, à pression constante ou à volume constant.  3, record 26, French, - chaleur%20de%20combustion

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Cette chaleur de combustion est rapportée à la mole; si on l'exprime par rapport à l'unité de masse ou de volume du combustible, elle prend le nom de pouvoir calorifique.  4, record 26, French, - chaleur%20de%20combustion

Record 26,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Cantidad de calor que se emite durante una reacción de combustión.  2, record 26, Spanish, - calor%20de%20combusti%C3%B3n

Record 27,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Using heat provided by an outside source.  3, record 27, English, - allothermal

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 OBS

An autothermal process is a process where the energy is taken from the biomass. An allothermal process is a process where the energy comes from another source.  4, record 27, English, - allothermal

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 2 OBS

As a rough criterion, we can distinguish between allothermic and autothermic processes; i. e. between those in which the heat of reaction is transferred to the reactor from outside and those in which it is produced in the reactor itself by the gasification reaction.  5, record 27, English, - allothermal

Record 27,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Qui utilise la chaleur d'une source extérieure.  2, record 27, French, - allothermique

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 OBS

En opposition à autothermique.  2, record 27, French, - allothermique

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 2 OBS

allothermique : terme publié au Journal officiel de la République française le 25 avril 2009.  3, record 27, French, - allothermique

Record 27,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 28,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Basically, the gasification of solid fuels takes place at elevated temperatures. The heat required for the heating and conversion, is either provided through partial combustion (autothermic process) or through supply of external heat (allothermic process). Compared to the autothermic gasification, the allothermic gasification has the advantage that the fuel does not have to be partially burned in the gasification zone, in order to provide the necessary heat. In the allothermic gasification, the heat can be provided from any external sources, such as for instance high-temperature core reactors, but also from combustion chambers, wherein a fraction of the gas product is burned.  3, record 28, English, - allothermal%20gasification

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Allothermal gasification requires the supply of externally generated heat since the reaction of biological raw material with steam into combustible gas is altogether endothermal.  4, record 28, English, - allothermal%20gasification

Record 28,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Il existe [...] la solution de la gazéification allothermique : on apporte de l'extérieur la chaleur nécessaire à la réaction endothermique de l'eau sur le charbon. On obtient ainsi un gaz à pouvoir calorifique élevé qui convient bien à l'alimentation des turbines à gaz commerciales.  2, record 28, French, - gaz%C3%A9ification%20allothermique

Record 28,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 29,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A mathematical model based on some presumed molecular or physical mechanisms, i. e., a mono-or bimolecular reaction, or an enzyme-catalyzed reaction, or heat/mass transfer.  1, record 29, English, - mechanistic%20model

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Kinetic models for microbial survival during food processing.  1, record 29, English, - mechanistic%20model

Record 29,  Textual support,  French

Record 29,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 30,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A baking process with the use of resin finishes, applying heat under carefully controlled conditions to a fabric or the garment, which cause a reaction in the finishing agents and make them work.  1, record 30, English, - curing

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Crease-retention, water repellency, wrinkle resistance, and durable press are examples of finishes that are cured.  1, record 30, English, - curing

Record 30,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Processus chimique par lequel des résines ou des plastiques sont fixés à des matières textiles au moyen de la chaleur.  1, record 30, French, - polym%C3%A9risation

Record 30,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 31,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Gizzard erosion is a condition seen in broiler chickens caused by gizzerosine toxicity.  3, record 31, English, - gizzard%20erosion

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Gizzerosine is formed by a reaction between the 3 amino group of lysine with free histidine during the heating of fish meal. The amount of heat to which fish meal is exposed during the drying process is critical in the formation of gizzerosine.  3, record 31, English, - gizzard%20erosion

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 2 OBS

So far gizzerosine toxicity have only been described in chickens, possibly due to the high level of fish meal in the diets of this species ... The question of the influence of gizzerosine on horses and other species is however still unanswered.  3, record 31, English, - gizzard%20erosion

Record 31,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Une équipe japonaise vient de reproduire expérimentalement une forte érosion du gésier sur des poulets de chair de différents âges, en leur inoculant un Adénovirus aviaire de type I (souche 99ZH).  3, record 31, French, - %C3%A9rosion%20du%20g%C3%A9sier

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Il a été signalé que la gizzérosine provoque l'érosion du gésier (EG) chez les poulets [...]  2, record 31, French, - %C3%A9rosion%20du%20g%C3%A9sier

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 2 OBS

érosion : lésion de la peau ou d'une muqueuse avec perte de substance très superficielle.  4, record 31, French, - %C3%A9rosion%20du%20g%C3%A9sier

Record 31,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 32,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A chemical reaction that takes place with absorption of heat.  4, record 32, English, - endothermic%20reaction

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A nuclear reaction just as its chemical counterpart may be exoergic (kinetic energy is liberated) or endoergic (kinetic energy is absorbed). ... In the case of endoergic reactions, energy must be supplied in the form of projectile kinetic energy to make the reaction possible.  3, record 32, English, - endothermic%20reaction

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The principal reactions in the gasifier are 1. Exothermic, oxidation of carbon and hydrogen in fuel .... 2. Endothermic, reactions of carbon with steam and CO₂ ...  5, record 32, English, - endothermic%20reaction

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 OBS

endoergic: (of a nuclear reaction) occurring with absorption of energy. Synonym: energy-absorbing.  6, record 32, English, - endothermic%20reaction

Record 32,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Réaction qui s'effectue avec absorption de chaleur.  3, record 32, French, - r%C3%A9action%20endothermique

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Il existe enfin la solution de la gazéification allothermique : on apporte de l'extérieur la chaleur nécessaire à la réaction endothermique de l'eau sur le charbon.  4, record 32, French, - r%C3%A9action%20endothermique

Record 32,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 33,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... the heat from the fission trigger would ignite a self-sustaining fusion reaction in a mass of liquid deuterium adjacent to it.  1, record 33, English, - fission%20trigger

Record 33,  Textual support,  French

Record 33,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 34,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An index which expresses the combined effects of temperature and humidity on bodily comfort and which can be used to indicate, by reference to a table, graph or nomogram, whether the conditions specified are broadly speaking comfortable or not.  2, record 34, English, - comfort%20index

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The comfort index provides an indication of the body's reaction to heat, cold, humidity and wind chill. High temperatures and humidity stress the body's ability to cool itself, and low temperatures can stress the body's ability to heat itself. It is not an absolute measure as everybody's reaction to heat and cold is different.  3, record 34, English, - comfort%20index

Record 34,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Indice exprimant les effets combinés de la température et de l'humidité sur le confort corporel; il peut être utilisé, conjointement avec un tableau, un graphe ou un nomogramme, pour indiquer si les conditions spécifiées sont grosso modo confortables ou non.  1, record 34, French, - indice%20de%20confort

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Cette notion générale regroupe des indices spécifiques : l'humidex (au Canada) ou l'indice de bien-être de Thom, pour ne citer que ceux-là.  2, record 34, French, - indice%20de%20confort

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Au Canada, l'indice de bien-être, terme qui semble synonyme d'indice de confort, est en fait une autre appellation pour l'indice humidex (qui n'est d'ailleurs utilisé qu'en Amérique du Nord).  2, record 34, French, - indice%20de%20confort

Record 34,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Índice que expresa los efectos interrelacionados de la temperatura y de la humedad sobre la comodidad corporal, el cual se determina mediante una tabla, un diagrama o un nomograma, para especificar, en términos generales, si las condiciones son o no cómodas.  1, record 34, Spanish, - %C3%ADndice%20de%20comodidad

Record 35,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The process of stabilizing the structure and shape of fibers or fabrics by applying heat.  3, record 35, English, - heat%20setting

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Preshrinking of cotton or "heat setting" of synthetics may be necessary for dimensional stability. The effectiveness of heat setting depends on the original stabilization temperature used. If the synthetic fabric is later exposed to a significantly greater temperature, dimensional change can occur.  4, record 35, English, - heat%20setting

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 OBS

thermosetting : having the property of becoming permanently hard and rigid when heated or cured : capable of changing from a plastic or fusible state to an infusible or insoluble state by a chemical reaction affected by heat or other means and leading to a complex high polymer.  5, record 35, English, - heat%20setting

Record 35,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Traitement thermique effectué généralement sur rame, provoquant un retrait et une stabilisation dimensionnelle définitive des tissus.  2, record 35, French, - thermofixation

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[La thermofixation] confère une stabilité dimensionnelle, à un tissu synthétique ou mélange, tout en lui apportant certaines propriétés telles qu'une résistance accrue aux plis et une meilleure résilience sous une charge ou une température élevée, cette fixation est appliquée par le biais d'une chaleur humide ou sèche.  3, record 35, French, - thermofixation

Record 35,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 36,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A certain class of ceramic and metallic materials can be manufactured by the self-propagating high-temperature synthesis method. Even though by now this process has included reaction systems of the solid-gas and solid-liquid types, the original work was directed towards the reactions investigated where not only the reactants but also the final products formed in the solid phase. These reactions are therefore generally referred to as gasless, solid-solid or condensed phase combustion reactions.  3, record 36, English, - condensed%2Dphase%20combustion

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Condensed phase combustion is a complex phenomenon of theoretical and practical interest, in particular, as a method to synthesize materials. This combustion synthesis process involves a self-sustained combustion wave which propagates through initial reactants converting them into a desired product. In condensed phase combustion the initial reactants as well as final, and possibly intermediate products, remain in the condensed phase throughout the reaction. Though the combustion process occurs in a heterogeneous medium composed of reactive particles, typical models of condensed phase combustion treat the medium as homogeneous.  4, record 36, English, - condensed%2Dphase%20combustion

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 3 CONT

A deflagration analysis of porous energetic materials with two-phase flow and a multiphase sequential reaction mechanism. ... A theoretical analysis for the unconfined deflagration of a porous energetic material is developed for a two-step global reaction mechanism that consists of the condensed-phase combustion of the reactive material to produce gas-phase intermediates, followed by a gas-phase reaction that produces final gas-phase products.  1, record 36, English, - condensed%2Dphase%20combustion

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Combustion is a chemical reaction, it gives off heat and is self-sustaining. It can occur in a condensed-phase(glowing), a gas-phase(flame) or both. Fire results when a combustible material(fuel) in the presence of an oxidizing agent(oxygen) is heated to a critical temperature(ignition temperature).  5, record 36, English, - condensed%2Dphase%20combustion

Record 36,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Synthèse auto-propagée à haute température. La synthèse auto-propagée est un processus de combustion en phase condensée (en anglais «SHS» - «self-propagating high temperature synthesis») développé pour produire des céramiques et des matériaux refractaires.  1, record 36, French, - combustion%20en%20phase%20condens%C3%A9e

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 OBS

état condensé : État de la matière dans lequel les atomes du corps sont très proches les uns des autres. (Les états solide et liquide sont des états condensés).  2, record 36, French, - combustion%20en%20phase%20condens%C3%A9e

Record 36,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 37,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A chemical reaction in which heat is produced and given off.  2, record 37, English, - exothermic%20reaction

Record 37,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Réaction chimique qui dégage de la chaleur.  2, record 37, French, - r%C3%A9action%20exothermique

Record 37,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 38,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Linking of an exogonic reaction and an endogonic reaction in such a way that there is only a small net change in free energy, resulting in an overall reversible reaction. In living organisms, anabolic reactions are coupled with catabolic reactions resulting in the build up of complex molecules, but with an overall loss of energy as metabolic heat.  2, record 38, English, - coupled%20reaction

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Coupling is brought about when an enzyme causes a substrate that is to be consumed ... to react with one of the cell’s small-molecule energy donors (say, ATP) to give rise to an energized activated substrate molecule. The subsequent decomposition of this activated substrate in the synthetic reaction will release significant energy, which will result in the synthetic reaction .... The need for cells to carry on simultaneously many different coupled reactions requires cells to devote a significant part of their total metabolic activity to the constant replenishment of their ATP supply. In animal cells and in most bacteria, the formation of ATP is coupled with the breakdown of food molecules that are even more rich in energy. In cells that carry out photosynthesis, the energy of sunlight is used directly to make ATP.  3, record 38, English, - coupled%20reaction

Record 38,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les cellules vivantes doivent effectuer un certain nombre de réactions endergoniques; ce sont non seulement des réactions anaboliques [...], mais encore certaines réactions de transports, de transmissions, des travaux mécaniques, fonctionnement du système nerveux, réactions cataboliques, en particulier lorsque les substrats doivent être activés avant de pouvoir être dégradés. [...] L'énergie nécessaire est fournie par les réactions exergoniques grâce au couplage énergétique. Ce couplage énergétique est une des grandes caractéristiques des êtres vivants. D'une part, il implique que la réaction exergonique qui fournit l'énergie ait un [delta]G' négatif plus élevé en valeur absolue que le [delta]G' positif de la réaction endergonique qui lui est couplée. D'autre part, les deux réactions couplées doivent avoir un intermédiaire commun.  2, record 38, French, - r%C3%A9action%20coupl%C3%A9e

Record 38,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 39,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An adhesive that, through chemical reaction to heat, catalysts, ultra-violet light, time, etc., becomes relatively infusible(i. e. sets).  2, record 39, English, - thermosetting%20resin%20adhesive

Record 39,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Adhésif qui devient relativement infusible par suite d'une réaction chimique sous l'effet de la chaleur, ou de catalyseurs, de rayons ultra-violets, du temps, etc., le processus étant irréversible.  1, record 39, French, - adh%C3%A9sif%20thermo%2Ddurcissable

Record 39,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 40,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The easiest way to deaerate is to force steam into the feedwater, this action is called scrubbing. Scrubbing raises the water temperature causing the release... O gases that are then vented from the system. In boiler systems, steam is used to "scrub" the feedwater as(1) steam is essentially devoid [of O2... and Co2](2) steam is readily available and(3) steam adds the heat required to complete the reaction. For efficient operation, deaerating equipment must satisfy the following requirements :(1) Heating of the feedwater : The operating temperature in the unit should be the boiling point of water at the measured pressure.  1, record 40, English, - deaerating%20equipment

Record 40,  Textual support,  French

Record 40,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 41,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 DEF

... a process in which hydrogen reacts with organics to generate a methane-rich gas product [which] is then processed to separate the acid gases and carbon monoxide from the methane.  3, record 41, English, - hydrogasification

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 2 DEF

Direct gasification of organic wastes (especially manure) with hydrogen at high temperature (500-600°C) and pressure (1,000 psi) to produce substitute pipeline gas (methane, ethane).  4, record 41, English, - hydrogasification

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The hydrogasification reaction is highly exothermic, which makes the additional heat unnecessary when solid wastes having high moisture contents are being converted.  3, record 41, English, - hydrogasification

Record 41,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[...] procédé qui consiste d'abord à transformer une partie de la biomasse en hydrogène par gazéification, puis à convertir le gaz produit pour en augmenter la teneur en hydrogène.  2, record 41, French, - hydrogaz%C3%A9ification

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le gaz riche en hydrogène [produit au début de l'hydrogazéification] réagit ensuite avec le reste de la biomasse, à une température et une pression élevées, pour donner un gaz de synthèse à haute teneur en méthane; celui-ci est ensuite enrichi pour produire un gaz naturel synthétique (GNS) d'une qualité propre à la livraison par pipe-line. La réaction de l'hydrogazéification est très exothermique, ce qui permet de traiter la biomasse très humide sans apport de chaleur supplémentaire.  2, record 41, French, - hydrogaz%C3%A9ification

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 2 CONT

L'hydrogazéification est la réaction de matières carbonées en présence d'hydrogène et d'une forte pression qui produit 210 m³ de méthane par tonne de déchets [...]  3, record 41, French, - hydrogaz%C3%A9ification

Record 41,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 42,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Other effects that may occur during the reaction(besides ion displacement and movement to the electrodes) are ion exchange, development of pH gradients, electrolysis, gas generation, oxidation and reduction reactions, and heat generation.  1, record 42, English, - gas%20generation

Record 42,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Pendant la réaction, en plus du déplacement d'ions et de leur mouvement respectif aux deux électrodes, les effets suivants peuvent être observés : échange ionique, développement d'un gradient de pH, électrolyse, production de gaz, réactions d'oxydation et de réduction ou migration ionique.  1, record 42, French, - production%20de%20gaz

Record 42,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 43,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Other effects that may occur during the reaction(besides ion displacement and movement to the electrodes) are ion exchange, development of pH gradients, electrolysis, gas generation, oxidation and reduction reactions, and heat generation.  1, record 43, English, - pH%20gradient

Record 43,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Pendant la réaction, en plus du déplacement d'ions et de leur mouvement respectif aux deux électrodes, les effets suivants peuvent être observés : échange ionique, développement d'un gradient de pH, électrolyse, production de gaz, réactions d'oxydation et de réduction ou migration ionique.  1, record 43, French, - gradient%20de%20pH

Record 43,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 44,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 DEF

the phenomenon which occurs when a flame moves away from a burner, often resulting in the flame being extinguished. A flame blows off when the air-fuel mixture leaves the burner at a velocity greater than the velocity with which the flame front progresses through the mixture.  3, record 44, English, - flame%20blow%2Doff

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Combustion refers to a reaction that generates extreme heat by compounding fuel with atmospheric oxygen. "Catalytic combustion" is designed to enhance this reaction by catalytic assistance. Characteristic of this is stabilizing the combustion without flame blow-off even when using less-concentrated fuel.  4, record 44, English, - flame%20blow%2Doff

Record 44,  Textual support,  French

Record 44,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 45,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Dimensionless group used to determine the chemical reaction similitude for the scale-up from pilot-plant data to commercial-sized units; incorporates heat capacity, density, fluid velocity, and other pertinent physical parameters.  1, record 45, English, - Peclet%20number

Record 45,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Nombre sans dimension donnant le rapport de la chaleur de convection à la chaleur de conduction dans un milieu de transfert de chaleur qui s'écoule.  2, record 45, French, - nombre%20de%20P%C3%A9clet

Record 45,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 46,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Multistage bleaching performed in one or two towers. Pulp is pushed through a tower in plug flow; chemicals and wash water are injected to treat the pulp, displace out the solutions of the previous stages and, in turn, are displaced out of the pulp by subsequent stages. This form of bleaching has the advantages of rapid reaction rates, savings in heat and power, and the reduction of the number of towers required for a bleaching sequence. However this technology has been shown to have very high bleach chemical consumption.  3, record 46, English, - displacement%20bleaching

Record 46,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Procédé de blanchiment qui emploie le principe du déplacement d'un diffuseur en continu, à travers un gâteau de pâte plutôt que d'être mélangés de façon conventionnelle dans la pâte. Le blanchiment est très rapide puisque la vitesse de réaction est directement reliée aux gradients élevés de concentration que peuvent être maintenus durant la phase de déplacement. Les avantages de ce système sont des économies de vapeur et d'énergie, des temps de séjour plus courts, et la possibilité d'effectuer un blanchiment à plusieurs stades dans une seule tour. Cependant la consommation de produits chimiques de ce procédé est très élevée.  2, record 46, French, - blanchiment%20par%20d%C3%A9placement

Record 46,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 47,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Detection of low affinity interactions between peptides and heat shock proteins by Chemiluminescence of Enhanced Avidity Reaction(CLEAR).  3, record 47, English, - Chemiluminescence%20of%20Enhanced%20Avidity%20Reaction

Record 47,  Textual support,  French

Record 47,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 48,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Thermosetting polymer-matrix composites are often used in high-performance, high-temperature aerospace applications.  2, record 48, English, - thermoset%20matrix%20composite

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Thermosets : these are polymeric materials... Thermosets are formed into a permanent shape and are cured(set) by a chemical reaction that may require heat and pressure. Thermoset plastics cannot be remelted or reformed into another shape after curing.  3, record 48, English, - thermoset%20matrix%20composite

Record 48,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 OBS

À l'inverse des thermoplastiques, les matrices thermodurcissables sont exceptionnellement utilisées seules, c'est-à-dire sans renfort, car leurs caractéristiques intrinsèques ne le permettent pas. Sans leur renfort, elles sont relativement fragiles.  1, record 48, French, - composite%20%C3%A0%20matrice%20thermodurcissable

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Les résines thermodurcissables sont les produits les plus employés comme matrices de matériaux composites structuraux. [...] elles durcissent après un cycle de chauffage appelé cycle de polymérisation [...] Au cours de ce cycle, les résines liquides ou pâteuses deviennent irréversiblement solides. De ce fait, leur mise en forme ne peut être effectuée qu'une seule fois. Les résines thermodurcissables les plus répandues sont les polyesters insaturés, les résines époxydes et les résines phénoliques ou phénoplastes.  2, record 48, French, - composite%20%C3%A0%20matrice%20thermodurcissable

Record 48,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 49,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 49, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Coloring of the tissue caused by the dilatation of cutaneous blood vessels resulting from inflammation....  2, record 49, English, - redness%20of%20the%20skin

Record number: 49, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Sunburn is an inflammatory reaction of the skin to the rays of light, not to the heat rays. It occurs on snow fields as well as in the hottest climate. The redness of the skin does not appear at once, but several hours after exposure to light.  3, record 49, English, - redness%20of%20the%20skin

Record 49,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 49, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les réactions les plus fréquentes à l'abus du soleil sont des rougeurs de la peau accompagnées de démangeaisons, eczéma et urticaire, qui surviennent après quelques jours d'exposition à un soleil brûlant.  1, record 49, French, - rougeur%20de%20la%20peau

Record 49,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 50,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 50, Textual support number: 1 DEF

... those Special Safety Systems provided to ensure that reactor power does not exceed the heat removal capabilities of the cooling system.  1, record 50, English, - shutdown%20system

Record number: 50, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The shutdown systems sense the plant conditions indicative of heat removal mismatch and terminate the nuclear reaction, thereby lowering the power production to a level that can be accommodated by the available plant cooling facilities....  1, record 50, English, - shutdown%20system

Record 50,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 50, Textual support number: 1 DEF

systèmes spéciaux de sûreté assurant que la puissance du réacteur ne dépasse pas la capacité d'élimination de chaleur du système de refroidissement. Les systèmes d'arrêt détectent toute condition de la centrale caractéristique d'une insuffisance de refroidissement et terminent la réaction nucléaire, ce qui diminue la production d'énergie à un niveau pouvant être contrôlé par les installations de refroidissement de la centrale (...)  1, record 50, French, - syst%C3%A8me%20d%27arr%C3%AAt

Record 50,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 51,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 51, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The exothermic oxygen-consuming reactions occur very rapidly to supply the heat for endothermic reactions of carbon with steam and, to a lesser extent, CO₂. The rate of the CO₂-C reaction is relatively low. The approach of the water-gas shift reaction is dependent upon the gasification process, gasification temperature, residence time, nature of the fuel, and catalytic activity of the ash.  1, record 51, English, - water%2Dgas%20shift%20reaction

Record number: 51, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The restoration of coking properties and upgrading of poor coal for different industrial utilization using the water-gas shift reaction (CO + H₂O) continued.  3, record 51, English, - water%2Dgas%20shift%20reaction

Record 51,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 51, Textual support number: 1 CONT

1.2. Gazéification par l'oxygène et la vapeur d'eau (oxyvapogazéification). 1.2.1. Les principales réactions. En pratique, les réactions de l'oxygène et de la vapeur d'eau sur le charbon n'interviennent de façon notable qu'après que le charbon ait été décomposé par pyrolyse. Il suffit donc de considérer les réactions de O₂ et H₂O sur le carbone. (...) Au total, le carbone en présence d'oxygène et vapeur d'eau est transformé en un mélange de CO, CO₂, H₂, H₂O. Ces quatre constituants peuvent réagir entre eux en phase gazeuse suivant, dite réaction de conversion ou réaction d'équilibre du gaz à l'eau.  1, record 51, French, - r%C3%A9action%20de%20conversion

Record number: 51, Textual support number: 2 CONT

La réaction de conversion est une réaction homogène en phase gazeuse très faiblement endothermique; la constante d'équilibre K croît donc faiblement avec la température et elle reste basse dans tout le domaine des températures considérées en pratique. La réaction est donc franchement réversible. Si elle n'intervient pas sur le taux de gazéification, elle joue un rôle déterminant sur la composition du gaz et notamment le rapport CO/H₂.  1, record 51, French, - r%C3%A9action%20de%20conversion

Record 51,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 52,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 52, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An acute or subacute vesicular or bullous eruption, symmetrical in distribution, affecting the hands and/or feet, representative of a definite type of cutaneous reaction, and characterized by numerous itching vesicles arising on skin which is not erythematous.  1, record 52, English, - dyshidrosis

Record number: 52, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Whimster(1950) has suggested that true dyshidrosis may arise in conditions of excessive heat, or as a complication of an acute fever, whilst the term pompholyx(Hutchinson) should be reserved for a similar but eczematous type of reaction due to other causes.  1, record 52, English, - dyshidrosis

Record number: 52, Textual support number: 2 OBS

The term "dyshidrosis" is recommended by the Medical Signs and Symptoms Committee.  3, record 52, English, - dyshidrosis

Record 52,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 52, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Affection très fréquente, voisine de l'eczéma et caractérisée par l'éruption prurigineuse de vésicules sur la face latérale des doigts, sur les paumes des mains et sur les pieds, parfois aiguë et explosive, le plus souvent chronique et récidivante, sur un mode saisonnier.  1, record 52, French, - dyshidrose

Record 52,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 53,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 53, Textual support number: 1 CONT

An interesting development has been the report of a so-called enzyme thermistor. The sensor, a thermistor, is in direct contact with the site of reaction through its placement in a micro-column of immobilised enzyme. Passage of substrate solution over the thermistor tip can result in as much as one-half of the total heat evolved being registered as a temperature change. A linear relationship exists between temperature change and substrate concentration.  1, record 53, English, - enzyme%20thermistor

Record 53,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 53, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Type de biodétecteur qui associe la technologie du semi-conducteur et la spécificité des réactions enzymatiques.  1, record 53, French, - transistor%20%C3%A0%20enzymes

Record 53,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 54,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 54, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A long-handled spoon used in chemistry to demonstrate deflagration.  3, record 54, English, - deflagrating%20spoon

Record number: 54, Textual support number: 1 OBS

deflagration. A chemical reaction accompanied by vigorous evolution of heat, flame, sparks or spattering of burning particles.  3, record 54, English, - deflagrating%20spoon

Record 54,  Textual support,  French

Record 54,  Textual support,  Spanish