TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A number of perfusion devices are currently available. The principal components include a blood reservoir, centrifugal pump, oxygen concentrator, heat exchanger and a circuit which continuously pumps perfusate through the liver via the organ's inflow vessels(hepatic artery and/or portal vein) and recirculates this following drainage from the inferior vena cava.  2, record 1, English, - perfusion%20device

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

A perfusion device is used to preserve an organ from the time it is removed from a donor until it is transplanted into a recipient.  3, record 1, English, - perfusion%20device

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Un appareil de perfusion sert à préserver un organe entre le moment où il est prélevé chez un donneur et celui où il sera transplanté chez un receveur.  3, record 1, French, - appareil%20de%20perfusion

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[A robot that] normally includes a hydraulic power supply as either an integral part of the manipulator or as a separate unit.  2, record 2, English, - hydraulic%20robot

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The hydraulic system generally follows straightforward industrial practices and consists of an electric-motor-driven pump, filter, reservoir, and, usually, a heat exchanger(either air or water). These robots normally operate on petroleum-based hydraulic fluid; however, most are available with special seals for operation on fire-retardant fluid.  2, record 2, English, - hydraulic%20robot

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'approche employée pour ce développement est la méthode de décomposition virtuelle. Cette méthode a fait ses preuves pour l'étude des systèmes complexes, tels que les robots manipulateurs, les robots hydrauliques, les robots flexibles ainsi que les humanoïdes.  2, record 2, French, - robot%20hydraulique

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Los actuadores de tipo hidráulico se destinan a tareas que requieren una gran potencia y grandes capacidades de carga. Dado el tipo de energia que emplean, se construyen con mecánica de precisión y su coste es elevado. Los robots hidráulicos se diseñan formando un conjunto compacto [...]  1, record 2, Spanish, - robot%20hidr%C3%A1ulico

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Thermo-osmotic energy conversion(TOEC) is an emerging process that efficiently extracts energy from low-grade heat sources. By utilizing a temperature gradient, TOEC induces a partial vapor pressure difference across a hydrophobic membrane. This pressure gradient drives the vapor from the hot feed side through the membrane's pores to the cold permeate side. The movement of water from the hot feed side to the permeate side of the membrane results in excess fluid in the cold reservoir, generating a pressurized flow that can be harnessed to drive a turbine and generate electricity.  1, record 3, English, - thermo%2Dosmotic%20energy%20conversion

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A material providing high resistance to heat flow ...  6, record 4, English, - thermal%20insulation

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The argillaceous sequence performs the double function of an impermeable caprock, which prevents the dissipation of heat by the upward convective mass flow of heated fluids, and also a thermal insulator, which prevents the dissipation of heat by conduction, and thus allows the buildup of high temperatures in the reservoir.  7, record 4, English, - thermal%20insulation

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

... usually made of mineral wool, cork, asbestos, foam glass, foamed plastic, diatomaceous earth, etc.; fabricated in the form of batts, blankets, blocks, boards, granular fill, and loose fill.  6, record 4, English, - thermal%20insulation

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Matériau qui a la propriété de ralentir de façon appréciable des échanges de chaleur susceptibles de se produire entre les deux milieux qu'il sépare.  4, record 4, French, - isolant%20thermique

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La séquence de roches argileuses aurait pour double fonction de former une couche imperméable, pour empêcher la perte de chaleur par l'écoulement en masse de fluides chauds entraînés vers le haut dans un mouvement de convection, et de servir d'isolant thermique, pour éviter la perte de chaleur par conduction, et ainsi permettre une élévation de la température dans le réservoir.  5, record 4, French, - isolant%20thermique

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Material sólido o celular, o una combinación de materiales de baja transmisión térmica, colocado entre componentes de alta transmisión térmica para reducir el flujo de calor a través del ensamble.  1, record 4, Spanish, - aislante%20t%C3%A9rmico

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Cyclic steam stimulation. In order to soften the oil sand before pumping, for several weeks high-pressure steam is injected into the oil sand formation. Steam helps recover the resource in several ways. The heat softens the oil sand and the water vapour helps to break up the bitumen from the sand. The pressure created in the underground environment causes cracks to be formed that adds drive to move the bitumen to producing wells. After a portion of the reservoir has been satisfactorily saturated, the steam is turned off and the reservoir allowed to sit for several weeks. After it has been allowed to sit and soak up the steam and moisture, the production phase brings the bitumen to the surface. It either flows on its own, or is pumped up the well to the surface. When the rates of production start to decline, the reservoir is pumped with steam once again.  3, record 5, English, - cyclic%20steam%20stimulation

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] le procédé CSS [Cyclic Steam Stimulation] consiste à utiliser un même puits alternativement en injection de vapeur et extraction de bitume. La vapeur liquéfie le bitume et rend le pompage possible. Par rapport à l'extraction minière, on ne dérange qu'une toute petite surface au sol, et les nuisances générales (bruit par exemple) sont bien moindres. Cependant la consommation d'énergie pour produire la vapeur est énorme.  3, record 5, French, - proc%C3%A9d%C3%A9%20CSS

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Leaks... fall into two basic types : internal leakage [such] as a thin oil film is built into the working parts of a hydraulic system. This lubricates the mating surfaces of valve spools, cylinder pistons, and other moving parts. Oil is not lost through this normal internal leakage since it eventually returns to the system reservoir. However, too much internal leakage will slow the operation of the system and waste power through the generation of heat. In some cases, it may cause cylinders to creep or drift. Or it may cause loss of oil control in the valves.... External oil leaks not only look bad-they can be expensive and hazardous.... A small leak can also be the signal for a hydraulic rupture that may injure a person while putting the machine out of operation.... Every joint in a hydraulic circuit is a potential point of leakage. This is why the number of connections in a system is kept at a minimum. Components can leak, but care in assembly and use of new seals and gaskets during overhaul will help to reduce this problem.  2, record 6, English, - leak

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Fluid, zero leakage.  3, record 6, English, - leak

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 2 PHR

Oil leak.  3, record 6, English, - leak

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 3 PHR

External, fluid, hydraulic, internal leakage.  3, record 6, English, - leak

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 4 PHR

Permanent leak.  3, record 6, English, - leak

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les fuites [...] peuvent être classées en deux groupes fondamentaux. Les fuites internes [...] telles que les minces films d'huile se créent dans les pièces en mouvement d'un système hydraulique, ceux-ci lubrifiant les surfaces d'usure des tiroirs de distributeurs, les pistons de vérins et toutes les autres pièces en mouvement. Ces fuites internes, normales, n'entraînent pas de pertes d'huile, celle-ci peut éventuellement retourner au réservoir du système. Toutefois, des fuites internes trop importantes ralentissent le fonctionnement du système et l'échauffement entraîne une perte de puissance. Dans certains cas, les vérins peuvent glisser ou flotter ou il peut y avoir diminution de l'action de l'huile dans les distributeurs. [...] Non seulement les fuites externes ne sont pas esthétiques, mais elles sont aussi onéreuses et présentent des risques. [...] Chaque joint d'un circuit hydraulique est un point de fuite en puissance. C'est pourquoi il y a le moins de raccords possible dans un système. Certains composants peuvent fuire, mais le soin apporté à leur assemblage et l'utilisation de joints neufs peuvent aider à diminuer l'importance de ce problème.  2, record 6, French, - fuite

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Fuite de fluide, de liquide, d'huile.  3, record 6, French, - fuite

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 2 PHR

Fuite externe, hydraulique, interne, permanente.  3, record 6, French, - fuite

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The hot hydraulic fluid discharged from [the] case drain module is cooled in a heat exchanger by fuel drawn from the fuel system of [the] airplane and circulated through a heat exchanger coil in [the] module. The heat exchanger is connected to [the] case drain module by a line, and the cooled hydraulic fluid is returned to [the] reservoir via [a] return filter module through a heat exchanger discharge line.  2, record 7, English, - case%20drain%20module

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

module de drainage de carter : terme uniformisé par le Comité d'uniformisation de la terminologie aéronautique (CUTA) - Maintenance.  2, record 7, French, - module%20de%20drainage%20de%20carter

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The theoretical advantages of the binary cycle are: It enables more heat to be extracted from geothermal fluids by rejecting them at a lower temperature ... It uses higher vapour pressures that enable a very compact self-starting turbine to be used, and avoids the occurrence of sub-atmospheric pressures at any point in the cycle ... It enables use tube made of geothermal fluids that are chemically hostile or that contain high proportions of non-condensible gases, [and] it can accept water/stream mixtures without separation.  4, record 8, English, - binary%20fluid%20cycle

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 2 CONT

... binary fluid cycle... In several hot-water geothermal systems attention is being given to using a heat-exchange system(binary system) in which the reservoir fluid is brought to the surface in a closed system and passed through a heat exchanger using a low-boiling point fluid, such as freon or isobutane, which flashes to a vapour to provide turbine power.  5, record 8, English, - binary%20fluid%20cycle

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les avantages théoriques du cycle binaire sont les suivants : Il permet l'extraction de plus de chaleur à partir des fluides géothermiques, en les évacuant à une température plus basse [...] Il emploie des pressions de vapeur plus élevées permettant l'utilisation de turbine à autodémarrage très compacte, et évite l'apparition de pressions subatmosphériques en n'importe quel point du cycle. [...] Il permet l'utilisation de fluides géothermiques [qui sont] chimiquement hostiles et qui contiennent de fortes proportions de gaz non condensables. Il peut accepter des mélanges eau/vapeur sans séparation.  4, record 8, French, - cycle%20binaire

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Convective heat transfer between the injected fluid and the original reservoir fluids and the permeable reservoir rock is assumed to be accounted for by the additional assumption of instantaneous thermal equilibrium in the reservoir.  3, record 9, English, - convective%20heat%20transfer

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Il y a discontinuité de température pour passer de la zone chaude à température constante à la zone à température du gisement, ce qui revient à négliger le transfert de chaleur longitudinal par conduction et convection.  2, record 9, French, - transfert%20de%20chaleur%20par%20convection

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The main advantage of steam injection over other enhanced oil recovery methods is that steam can be applied to a wide variety of reservoirs. Two limiting factors are : depth... and reservoir thickness [which] is determined by the rate of heat loss to base and cap rock.  1, record 10, English, - base%20and%20cap%20rock

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Heat losses to the formations above and below the oil-bearing formation are appreciable when the sands are thin.  2, record 10, English, - base%20and%20cap%20rock

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

éponte : Chacune des surfaces limitant un filon et bordure de la roche encaissante au contact.  3, record 10, French, - formations%20encaissantes

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] les pertes thermiques jouent un grand rôle dans les possibilités d'utilisation des méthodes de récupération par injection de fluides chauds. [...] La perte thermique dans les épontes [...] abaisse localement la température [...]  2, record 10, French, - formations%20encaissantes

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Lors de la combustion à co-courant, la chaleur emmagasinée dans la matrice, qui n'est pas utilisée pour préchauffer l'air injecté, est perdue vers les formations encaissantes.  2, record 10, French, - formations%20encaissantes

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In partnership with the Alberta Oilsands Technical Authority(AOSTRA) in 1979 the pressure cycle steam drive system was developed. This process takes advantage of a basal water zone, which underlies the oil sands in this area, to heat the oil sands deposit from below. Once a hot communication path is established between wells, continuous steam injection is begun, with the injection and production rates controlled to alternately pressure up and blow down the reservoir.  1, record 11, English, - pressure%20cycle%20steam%20drive%20system

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] Shell a entrepris de perfectionner le procédé [injections répétées de vapeur sans fracturation de la roche réservoir] en collaboration avec l'Alberta Oil Sands Technology and Research Authority (AOSTRA), pour aboutir en 1979 au procédé de déplacement par la vapeur d'eau. Ce procédé met à contribution la nappe d'eau sous-jacente pour chauffer la couche bitumineuse. Une fois que la communication entre les puits est établie, on injecte de la vapeur d'eau de façon continue, et l'injection et la production sont pratiquées de manière à provoquer alternativement une mise en pression et une décompression du bitume dans le réservoir.  1, record 11, French, - proc%C3%A9d%C3%A9%20de%20d%C3%A9placement%20par%20la%20vapeur%20d%27eau

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The reservoir thickness is determined by the rate of heat loss to base and cap rock.  1, record 12, English, - reservoir%20thickness

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[Déplacement par fluides chauds.] Deux paramètres principaux limitent [...] le choix des sites, l'importance relative des fuites thermiques qui dépend de l'épaisseur de la couche comme de sa profondeur [...] On admet généralement que l'épaisseur doit être supérieure à 10 m.  1, record 12, French, - %C3%A9paisseur%20de%20la%20couche

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Figure 3 shows the reservoir and base and cap rock at an initial temperature Tr. At time t=0, heat is applied... The initial and boundary conditions are : t(y, 0)=....  2, record 13, English, - initial%20condition

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Si on ne considère que la formation encaissante supérieure cette équation différentielle valable seulement pour [...] avec 0(z,t) = 0 pour t<T (condition initiale) [...] et 0 (Z/2,t) = 0c pour t >/ T (condition à la limite), a pour solution [...]  2, record 13, French, - condition%20initiale

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... because of the excessive heat losses in surface transmission, wellbore and reservoir rock, steam injection is generally preferred.  1, record 14, English, - heat%20loss%20to%20base%20and%20cap%20rock

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... 72% of the heat injected into the reservoir is being lost to the base and cap rock.... Fig 5 can be used to estimate heat losses at any time during heat injection.  1, record 15, English, - heat%20injection

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'injection de gaz carbonique ou de solvants peut être [...] envisagée pour certains gisements d'huile lourde, éventuellement en combinaison avec l'apport d'énergie thermique.  1, record 15, French, - apport%20d%27%C3%A9nergie%20thermique

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... other heat-treating processes applied in sludge incineration are the flash drying incineration system and the fluidized bed reactor... A fluidized bed reactor uses a sand bed which is kept in fluid condition by an upflow of air, as a heat reservoir to promote uniform combustion of sludge solids. The bed is preheated to approximately 122 °F by using fuel oil or gas. When sludge cake is introduced, rapid combustion occurs maintaining an operating temperature of about 1500 °F.  1, record 16, English, - fluidized%20bed%20reactor

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Four ne comportant pratiquement aucun organe mécanique en mouvement en contact avec les gaz chauds. Il permet une totale désodorisation des fumées mais au prix d'une perte de chaleur sensible non négligeable.  2, record 16, French, - four%20%C3%A0%20lit%20fluidis%C3%A9

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[Le] principe du four à lit fluidisé [...] consiste à introduire les boues dans un lit de matériau auxiliaire, généralement du sable, porté à une température de 700 à 800 degrés C et tenu en suspension (ou fluidisé) par un courant d'air ascendant injecté à sa base [...] Les matières boueuses introduites sont maintenues dans le four pendant un temps bref mais suffisant pour le séchage immédiat et la calcination.  3, record 16, French, - four%20%C3%A0%20lit%20fluidis%C3%A9

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Horno de operación más compleja que el horno de piso pero que necesita menor espacio y menor consumo de combustible.  1, record 16, Spanish, - horno%20de%20lecho%20fluidificado

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Heat is applied at the face of the reservoir rock...  1, record 17, English, - face%20of%20the%20reservoir%20rock

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Examinons le déplacement-piston d'un fluide 2 [...] par un fluide 1 [...] au travers d'un massif poreux [...], la différence de pression entre les face d'entrée et de sortie étant maintenue constante.  1, record 17, French, - face%20d%27entr%C3%A9e

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Figure 3 shows the reservoir and base and cap rock at an initial temperature Tr. At time t=O, heat is applied... The initial and boundary conditions are : T(y, O)=...  1, record 18, English, - boundary%20condition

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Si on ne considère que la formation encaissante supérieure cette équation différentielle pour t [supérieur à la] (condition initiale) [...] et pour t [supérieur ou égal à la] (condition à la limite), a pour solution [...]  1, record 18, French, - condition%20%C3%A0%20la%20limite

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The skin effect is expressed in dimensionless units, a positive value denoting formation damage and a negative value indicating improvement.  2, record 19, English, - skin%20effect

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Boberg and Lautz(1966) used their model to study the following process control variables : oil viscosity, skin effect, reservoir sand-shale ratio, rate of steam injection, total heat input and degree of back-pressuring of the well during production.  3, record 19, English, - skin%20effect

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Diminution de la perméabilité d'une formation due au colmatage partiel de la zone envahie.  1, record 19, French, - effet%20pari%C3%A9tal

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

Record 21,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 22,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Enhanced oil recovery processes in which heat is added to the reservoir to increase recovery.  2, record 22, English, - thermal%20process

Record 22,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Technique de récupération assistée du pétrole par laquelle on injecte de la chaleur dans le gisement afin d'augmenter la récupération.  2, record 22, French, - proc%C3%A9d%C3%A9%20thermique

Record 22,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 23,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... general energy balance equation... applicable to any heat injection system.... Lawerier solved this equation with the following assumptions :... zero horizontal thermal conductivity in reservoir, base and cap rock.  1, record 23, English, - horizontal%20thermal%20conductivity

Record 23,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] les résultats obtenus par ce modèle [sont] loin de ceux fournis par l'expérience pour l'extension de la zone chaude, surtout à cause de la conductivité thermique horizontale nulle et verticale infinie [...]  1, record 23, French, - conductivit%C3%A9%20thermique%20horizontale

Record 23,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 24,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 DEF

... systems [that] rely on the presence of naturally occurring fluids(magmatic or hydrothermal) to transport heat from a hot subsurface reservoir to the earth's surface.  1, record 24, English, - convective%20geothermal%20system

Record 24,  Textual support,  French

Record 24,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 25,  Textual support,  English

Record 25,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 OBS

B.T. FAO, no 265; oct 72 RA  1, record 25, French, - r%C3%A9servoir%20thermique

Record 25,  Textual support,  Spanish