TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A special case of process lapse rate, defined as the rate of decrease of temperature with height of an air parcel lifted in a saturation-adiabatic process through an atmosphere in hydrostatic equilibrium.  3, record 1, English, - saturated%20adiabatic%20lapse%20rate

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

So, if condensation is taking place, latent heat is being released to the surrounding air. So you have two opposing trends going on at the same time within this parcel of air. It's rising and cooling, but it's also condensing and being warmed. Which one will win out? That is, will the air get colder, or will it get warmer? Well, what happens is that the air will still cool off, but not as fast. If water vapor in the air is condensing, the adiabatic rate is less. The air is only cooling off at a rate of about 5 degrees C/1000 meters(3. 3 deg per 1000 feet). This is called the Saturated adiabatic lapse rate(or the wet adiabatic lapse rate, or the moist adiabatic lapse rate, depending on the textbook you are using). The saturated lapse rate varies with the original temperature of the air parcel, but 5 degrees C/1000 meters is a commonly used value.  6, record 1, English, - saturated%20adiabatic%20lapse%20rate

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The pseudoadiabatic lapse rate is so close to the moist adiabatic lapse rate that meteorologists tend to ignore this difference and often refer to them synonymously. In fact, on adiabatic charts (or pseudoadiabatic charts), the moist adiabatic lapse rate lines are referred to interchangeably as moist, saturated, or pseudoadiabatic.  7, record 1, English, - saturated%20adiabatic%20lapse%20rate

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Owing to the release of latent heat, this lapse rate is less than the dry-adiabatic lapse rate (...)  3, record 1, English, - saturated%20adiabatic%20lapse%20rate

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Gradient adiabatique de l'air saturé.  3, record 1, French, - gradient%20adiabatique%20satur%C3%A9

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le refroidissement par détente [d'une particule d'air saturé en mouvement ascendant] provoque la condensation de la vapeur d'eau et la libération de la chaleur de condensation [...] Dans ce cas, la transformation n'est plus entièrement adiabatique, et la décroissance thermique se réduit à 0,5 °C par 100 m («gradient pseudo-adiabatique»).  2, record 1, French, - gradient%20adiabatique%20satur%C3%A9

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

En raison de la libération de chaleur latente, sa valeur est inférieure à celle du gradient adiabatique de l'air sec.  3, record 1, French, - gradient%20adiabatique%20satur%C3%A9

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Gradiente adiabático del aire saturado.  1, record 1, Spanish, - gradiente%20de%20saturaci%C3%B3n%20adiab%C3%A1tico

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Debido al desprendimiento del calor latente, su magnitud es inferior a la del gradiente adiabático del aire seco.  1, record 1, Spanish, - gradiente%20de%20saturaci%C3%B3n%20adiab%C3%A1tico

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The set point theory [is] arguably the most influential and debated theory of body weight control. It suggests that like temperature in a room controlled by a thermostat, body weight(or body fat) is controlled by an equivalent device(ponderostat, adipostat) residing in the hypothalamus. Borrowing from the engineering vocabulary, this device receives feedback input from the controlled parameter(room temperature, body weight or body fat), and generates an error signal in a comparator if this feedback signal is deviating from a preset reference value(set point). The error signal is used to turn up or down any mechanisms that determine the level of the controlled parameter(heat production or dissipation in the case of room temperature, metabolizable energy-in or energy lost in the case of body weight/adiposity).  4, record 2, English, - ponderostat

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'hypothalamus joue un rôle central dans le contrôle, voire la régulation des réserves énergétiques. C'est le site d'intégration d'un ensemble de mécanismes régulateurs qui intervient pour satisfaire la «valeur de consigne» d'un système réglant que l'on désigne sous le nom de «pondérostat» ou «adipostat». On peut donc considérer que toute déviation pathologique ou pathogène des réserves énergétiques implique cette structure centrale.  2, record 2, French, - pond%C3%A9rostat

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Pour la région de Québec, une période de chaleur prolongée se définit comme une période d'au minimum 3 jours consécutifs pendant laquelle les moyennes mobiles des températures maximales observées à la station météorologique de référence Jean-Lesage atteignent la valeur seuil de chaleur extrême de 30 degrés Celsius et dépasse une température minimale quotidienne de 17 degrés Celsius.  2, record 3, French, - valeur%2Dseuil%20de%20chaleur%20extr%C3%AAme

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] el valor del umbral de calor extremo se ubica en 31,6-31,7 ºC según datos de la estación de Quinta Normal, perteneciente a la Dirección Meteorológica de Chile [...].  1, record 3, Spanish, - valor%20del%20umbral%20de%20calor%20extremo

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

MMBtu Stands for "metric million British thermal unit" – it is a traditional unit of heat or energy value, which is widely associated with measurement of natural gas in the energy terms worldwide.  1, record 4, English, - metric%20million%20British%20thermal%20unit

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

MMBTU: acronyme tiré de l'anglais «metric million British thermal unit».  3, record 4, French, - million%20d%27unit%C3%A9s%20thermiques%20britanniques

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

BTU: por sus siglas en inglés "British thermal unit".  2, record 4, Spanish, - mill%C3%B3n%20de%20unidades%20t%C3%A9rmicas%20brit%C3%A1nicas

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A spark-plug with low heat value [that is] easily heated.  2, record 5, English, - hot%20spark%20plug

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

hot type spark-plug: term standardized by ISO.  4, record 5, English, - hot%20spark%20plug

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 OBS

hot plug: term officially approved by the Lexicon Project Committee (New Brunswick).  4, record 5, English, - hot%20spark%20plug

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Bougie d'allumage présentant une faible chaleur de combustion dont le réchauffement est facile.  2, record 5, French, - bougie%20d%27allumage%20chaude

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

bougie d'allumage de type chaud : terme et définition normalisés par l'ISO.  1, record 5, French, - bougie%20d%27allumage%20chaude

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 OBS

bougie chaude : terme uniformisé par le Comité du projet de lexiques (Nouveau-Brunswick).  1, record 5, French, - bougie%20d%27allumage%20chaude

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Deterioration and contamination from the presence of insects result in downgrading of grain and market value due to insect parts, odors, molds and heat damage.  3, record 6, English, - insect%20parts

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

insect parts; I PARTS: term and abbreviation used at the Canadian Grain Commission.  4, record 6, English, - insect%20parts

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les fragments d'insectes se rapportent aux morceaux d'insectes comme les sauterelles et les coccinelles qui restent dans l'échantillon après le nettoyage. Les échantillons sont analysés pour en déterminer le pourcentage de fragments d'insectes et classés en fonction des tolérances établies.  3, record 6, French, - fragments%20d%27insectes

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 2 CONT

L'ingestion de fragments d'insectes ou d'acariens dans un aliment à base de céréales n'est pas dangereuse, en particulier si le produit alimentaire a subi une cuisson. Toutefois, certains individus peuvent développer une allergie alimentaire à la consommation d'aliments fortement «chargés» en fragments d'insectes ou d'acariens. Il est donc particulièrement important de ne pas utiliser des céréales infestées d'insectes ou d'acariens dans la fabrication de ces aliments (farine, semoule, malt, flocons de maïs, etc.).  4, record 6, French, - fragments%20d%27insectes

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

fragments d'insectes; I PARTS : terme et abréviation en usage à la Commission canadienne des grains.  5, record 6, French, - fragments%20d%27insectes

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The ratio of the maximum heat flux to the average heat flux in a nuclear reactor. [Definition standardized by ISO.]  1, record 7, English, - hot%20spot%20factor

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Hot-Spot Factor. The maximum value of F_Q occurs where the local power density or linear heat rate is greatest. It is referred to as the hot-spot factor because of the relationship to maximum temperatures in a fuel pin. The hot-spot factor limits are set to prevent : 1. melting of fuel; 2. cladding-coolant interactions following loss of cooling capability.  2, record 7, English, - hot%20spot%20factor

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

hot spot factor: term standardized by ISO.  3, record 7, English, - hot%20spot%20factor

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Rapport du flux calorifique maximal au flux calorifique moyen dans l'ensemble d'un réacteur nucléaire. [Définition normalisée par l'ISO.]  2, record 7, French, - facteur%20de%20point%20chaud

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

facteur de point chaud : terme normalisé par l'ISO.  3, record 7, French, - facteur%20de%20point%20chaud

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 2 OBS

facteur de point chaud : terme extrait du «Glossaire de l’énergie nucléaire» et reproduit avec l’autorisation de l’Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques.  3, record 7, French, - facteur%20de%20point%20chaud

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Ratio of the maximum heat flux to the average heat flux in a nuclear reactor.  1, record 8, English, - hot%20spot%20factor

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Hot-Spot Factor. The maximum value of FQ occurs where the local power density ofr linear heat rate is greatest. It is referred to as the hot-spot factor because of the relationship to maximum temperatures in a fuel pin. The hot-spot factor limits are set to prevent : 1. melting of fuel; 2. cladding-coolant interactions following loss of cooling capability.  2, record 8, English, - hot%20spot%20factor

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

hot spot factor: term and definition standardized by ISO.  3, record 8, English, - hot%20spot%20factor

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Rapport du flux calorifique maximal au flux calorifique moyen dans l’ensemble d’un réacteur nucléaire.  2, record 8, French, - facteur%20de%20s%C3%A9curit%C3%A9%20au%20point%20chaud

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

facteur de sécurité au point chaud : terme et définition normalisés par l'ISO.  3, record 8, French, - facteur%20de%20s%C3%A9curit%C3%A9%20au%20point%20chaud

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 2 OBS

facteur de sécurité au point chaud : terme extrait du «Glossaire de l’énergie nucléaire» et reproduit avec l’autorisation de l’Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques.  3, record 8, French, - facteur%20de%20s%C3%A9curit%C3%A9%20au%20point%20chaud

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Mothballing is the process of stabilizing a facility so that no damage occurs to the facility should it make sense at a later time to incur the capital expenditures associated with continuing to operate, extending the life, or repowering the facility. Typically, a decision to mothball a facility might be made as a hedge against, or in anticipation of, changes in market conditions; i. e., increases in relative fuel prices, or an increase in the value of installed capacity.... Typical activities involved in mothballing a facility might include the following types of activities intended to preserve existing equipment :-’Racking Out’ or removal and storage of motor control center circuit breakers or 'switchgear’(this would also be done for a facility that has been retired and is scheduled for dismantling)-Placing a heat source or desiccants in the furnace to maintain a temperature above the dew point(at which condensation collects and corrodes the boiler structures.)-The application of grease or other coatings to reduce corrosion of components such as pumps and motors.-The installation of an air desiccant system to blow dry air through the steam turbine, condenser, boiler tubes and pipes.  2, record 9, English, - mothballing

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 2 CONT

decommissioning: Shutting down and placing a plant permanently out of service ... The three stages of decommissioning are mothballing, encasement and dismantling.  3, record 9, English, - mothballing

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

D'après un spécialiste en gestion des déchets nucléaires qui travaille chez Whiteshell Laboratories au Manitoba, «mise sous surveillance» est préférable.  4, record 9, French, - mise%20sous%20surveillance

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Lorsqu'on veut signifier qu'un lieu, après avoir perdu sa destination première, ne comporte plus les équipements correspondants à sa fonction première, on utilise le terme «désaffectation».  4, record 9, French, - mise%20sous%20surveillance

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 3 OBS

«Mise sous cocon» nous apparaît un peu trop spécifique, la «coconisation» signifiant l'enrobage de matériel sous pellicule plastique pulvérisée. On pourrait peut-être songer à des expressions plus neutres, du type «mise sous protection», «entreposage de sécurité».  4, record 9, French, - mise%20sous%20surveillance

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 4 OBS

mise sous cocon : terme extrait du «Glossaire de l’énergie nucléaire» et reproduit avec l’autorisation de l’Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques.  3, record 9, French, - mise%20sous%20surveillance

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A numerical value indicating the characteristics against pre-ignition.  1, record 10, English, - heat%20value%20of%20spark%2Dplug

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

heat value of spark-plug; heat value : terms and definition standardized by ISO.  2, record 10, English, - heat%20value%20of%20spark%2Dplug

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Valeur numérique indiquant les caractéristiques par rapport au pré-allumage.  1, record 10, French, - chaleur%20de%20combustion%20de%20la%20bougie%20d%27allumage

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

chaleur de combustion de la bougie d'allumage; chaleur de combustion : termes et définition normalisés par l'ISO.  2, record 10, French, - chaleur%20de%20combustion%20de%20la%20bougie%20d%27allumage

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A spark-plug resistible to pre-ignition with high heat value.  1, record 11, English, - cold%20type%20spark%2Dplug

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

cold type spark-plug: term and definition standardized by ISO.  2, record 11, English, - cold%20type%20spark%2Dplug

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Bougie d'allumage résistante au pré-allumage présentant une forte chaleur de combustion.  1, record 11, French, - bougie%20d%27allumage%20de%20type%20froid

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

bougie d'allumage de type froid : terme et définition normalisés par l'ISO.  2, record 11, French, - bougie%20d%27allumage%20de%20type%20froid

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Measurement of Heat of Combustion. In boiler practice, the heat of combustion of a fuel is the amount of heat, expressed in Btu, generated by the complete combustion(or oxidation) of a unit weight(1 pound in the United States) of fuel. Calorific value or "fuel Btu value" are other terms used... For accurate heat values of solid and liquid fuels calorimeter determinations are required. However, approximate heat values may be determined for most coals if the ultimate chemical analysis is known.  2, record 12, English, - heat%20of%20combustion

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Contrary to French usage, English usage does not distinguish between "heat of combustion" and "calorific power."  8, record 12, English, - heat%20of%20combustion

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] le pouvoir calorifique d'un combustible représente la quantité de chaleur qui peut être dégagé par la combustion complète de l'unité de masse (dans le cas des combustibles solides ou liquides) ou de volume (pour les combustibles gazeux) de ce combustible [...] Le plus souvent il est exprimé en millithermies [...] et rapporté au kilogramme pour les combustibles solides ou liquides, et au mètre cube normal [...] pour les gaz.  3, record 12, French, - pouvoir%20calorifique

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 2 CONT

La détermination précise du pouvoir calorifique à la bombe ou au calorimètre exige un opérateur très minutieux et un matériel adapté. Aussi se contente-t-on souvent de calculer une valeur approchée [...]  3, record 12, French, - pouvoir%20calorifique

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Cette chaleur de combustion est rapportée à la mole; si on l'exprime par rapport à l'unité de masse ou de volume du combustible, elle prend le nom de pouvoir calorifique.  3, record 12, French, - pouvoir%20calorifique

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Cantidad de calor que se emite en la combustión total de una unidad de masa de un material o producto combustible.  1, record 12, Spanish, - poder%20calor%C3%ADfico

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

If oxygen, rather than air, is used for the carbon(coal)-oxygen heat-generating reaction, then a nitrogen-free, medium-calorific value gas is obtained... It is economical to send such gas by pipeline over reasonable distances and to use it directly for industrial and domestic purposes.  1, record 13, English, - medium%2Dcalorific%20value%20gas

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Medium-Btu gas, such as coal gas, coke gas, and synthesis gas, has a heat value of 13 to 26 Mj/m³(350 to 700 Btu/ft³).  7, record 13, English, - medium%2Dcalorific%20value%20gas

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Un gaz à moyen pouvoir calorifique (obtenu par réaction d'oxygène et de vapeur) est bien adapté à une desserte régionale d'utilisateurs industriels. Le gaz reste relativement facile à fabriquer, le ballast est réduit au seul CO₂.  1, record 13, French, - gaz%20%C3%A0%20moyen%20pouvoir%20calorifique

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The measurement of a property from quantities that, in principle, define the property.  2, record 14, English, - direct%20measurement

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

For example, the determination of the calorific value of a gas using the thermometric measurement of the energy released in the form of heat during the combustion of a known amount of gas.  2, record 14, English, - direct%20measurement

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 2 OBS

direct measurement: term and definition standardized by ISO in 2014.  3, record 14, English, - direct%20measurement

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Mesurage d’une propriété à partir de grandeurs qui, en principe, définissent cette propriété.  3, record 14, French, - mesurage%20direct

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Par exemple, détermination du pouvoir calorifique d’un gaz par mesurage thermométrique de l’énergie dégagée sous forme de chaleur pendant la combustion d’une quantité connue de ce gaz.  3, record 14, French, - mesurage%20direct

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 2 OBS

mesurage direct : terme et définition normalisés par l'ISO en 2014.  4, record 14, French, - mesurage%20direct

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A range of [techniques], including traditional breeding techniques, that alter living organisms, or parts of organisms, to make or modify products; improve plants or animals; or develop microorganisms for specific agricultural uses.  9, record 15, English, - agricultural%20biotechnology

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Applications : improving crop yield; decreasing requirement for crop inputs like water, fertilizer etc. ;pest resistance incorporation; herbicide tolerance incorporation; tolerance to environmental stresses like drought, acidic or salty soil conditions, cold, heat, etc. ;improving productivity; improving nutritional value; improving shelf life.  3, record 15, English, - agricultural%20biotechnology

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Modern [agricultural] biotechnology today includes the tools of genetic engineering.  9, record 15, English, - agricultural%20biotechnology

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Biotechnologie [comprenant] les nouvelles techniques de la biologie moléculaire et de ses applications génétiques [ainsi que] diverses technologies tellesque la manipulation et le transfert de gènes, le typage de l’ADN et le clonage de gènes végétaux et animaux.  4, record 15, French, - biotechnologie%20agricole

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Des entreprises de biotechnologie agricole utilisent la modification génétique de plantes et d'animaux pour combattre les défis croissants que représentent la sécheresse et la malnutrition et pour réduire l'impact environnemental de l'agriculture.  5, record 15, French, - biotechnologie%20agricole

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Les biotechnologies vertes s’appliquent aux domaines de l’agriculture et de l’agroalimentaire.  4, record 15, French, - biotechnologie%20agricole

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Under appropriate conditions of preservation, plant debris can accumulate to form peat which, in turn, can undergo a progressive transformation commonly referred to as coalification. As organic matter is coalified, or is subjected to increasing heat and pressure, it is continually altered, both physically and chemically. This increasing maturation is characterized by a progressive loss of volatile matter and hydrogen, an increase in carbon content and latent heat value, and a decrease in porosity and inherent moisture content.  2, record 16, English, - latent%20heat%20value

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

latent heat value : term used at Natural Resources Canada-Earth Sciences Sector.  3, record 16, English, - latent%20heat%20value

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Lorsque le pouvoir calorifique latent est élevé, comme dans les carburants à base d'alcool et de benzol, il peut être difficile de démarrer les moteurs à froid.  1, record 16, French, - pouvoir%20calorifique%20latent

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[...] pour les réactions d'oxydation, la chaleur de combustion est déterminée d'après la chaleur de formation des différents éléments et produits, éventuellement majorée ou diminuée de la chaleur de transformation. Cette chaleur de combustion est rapportée à la mole; si on l'exprime par rapport à l'unité de masse ou de volume du combustible, elle prend le nom de pouvoir calorifique.  2, record 16, French, - pouvoir%20calorifique%20latent

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The heat of reaction resulting from the complete burning of a substance and expressed variously (as in calories per gram or per mole or esp. for fuels in British thermal units per pound or per cubic foot).  3, record 17, English, - heat%20of%20combustion

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Contrary to French usage, English usage does not distinguish between "heat of combustion" and "calorific power."  7, record 17, English, - heat%20of%20combustion

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[...] quantité de chaleur produite par la combustion d'une mole de corps pur, à pression constante ou à volume constant.  3, record 17, French, - chaleur%20de%20combustion

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Cette chaleur de combustion est rapportée à la mole; si on l'exprime par rapport à l'unité de masse ou de volume du combustible, elle prend le nom de pouvoir calorifique.  4, record 17, French, - chaleur%20de%20combustion

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Cantidad de calor que se emite durante una reacción de combustión.  2, record 17, Spanish, - calor%20de%20combusti%C3%B3n

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

If the sludge cake from vacuum filter is of sufficiently low moisture content and the sludge has a sufficiently high B. T. U. value, then the heat given off by the burning sludge will be generously sufficient to evaporate all the moisture from the incoming sludge cake and result in completely dry sludge going to the burning compartment in which case the system is self-supporting and no auxiliary fuel required.  1, record 18, English, - self%2Dsupporting%20system

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Dans l'incinération, une quantité de chaleur importante est fournie par la combustion des matières organiques des boues. Elle peut, dans certains cas, être suffisante pour apporter toutes les calories nécessaires à l'intention de la combustion; les boues sont dites alors autocombustibles.  1, record 18, French, - boue%20autocombustible

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Molar quantity is often convenient to express an extensive quantity(e. g., volume, enthalpy, heat capacity, etc.) as the actual value divided by amount of substance(number of moles).  2, record 19, English, - extensive%20quantity

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Extensive variables are proportional to the size of the system. Intensive variables do not depend on the size of the system. Extensive variables: volume, mass, energy. Intensive variables: pressure, temperature, density. If we divide an extensive quantity by the number of moles (or number of particles), we obtain an intensive quantity.  3, record 19, English, - extensive%20quantity

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Il existe une différence très nette entre la chaleur et la température; la chaleur est une forme de l'énergie tandis que la température n'est qu'un facteur de cette forme d'énergie; en fait d'une façon plus rigoureuse la chaleur est le produit de la température, grandeur intensive par une grandeur extensive, l'entropie.  1, record 19, French, - grandeur%20extensive

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 20,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The heat required to raise the material temperature by a specified amount under conditions of constant pressure; the value may be used to compute temperature rise of the material in a fire.  1, record 20, English, - heat%20capacity%20at%20constant%20pressure

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 OBS

C_p.  2, record 20, English, - heat%20capacity%20at%20constant%20pressure

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Quantité de chaleur nécessaire pour augmenter d'un degré la température d'une substance dans des conditions de pression constante : cette valeur peut servir à calculer l'accroissement de température d'un substance au cours d'un incendie.  1, record 20, French, - capacit%C3%A9%20calorifique%20%C3%A0%20pression%20constante

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Cantidad de calor requerida para elevar un sistema un grado de temperatura de un modo especificado en condiciones de presión constante.  2, record 20, Spanish, - capacidad%20calor%C3%ADfica%20a%20presi%C3%B3n%20constante

Record 21,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The extraction from solid waste either of materials with fuel value or of heat during incineration.  2, record 21, English, - energy%20recovery

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The materials may be used as extracted or may be briketted or converted to other fuels, eg. alcohol or fuel gas.  2, record 21, English, - energy%20recovery

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Parmi les systèmes de récupération d'énergie, les systèmes à récupération directe sont ceux où l'on brûle les ordures ménagères dans le but d'en récupérer l'énergie [...]  1, record 21, French, - r%C3%A9cup%C3%A9ration%20d%27%C3%A9nergie

Record 21,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 22,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The increase in the temperature of the earth with the increasing depth from the surface ...  6, record 22, English, - geothermal%20gradient

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

As the depth of a well increases, so does the temperature; this phenomenon is known as the temperature gradient.  6, record 22, English, - geothermal%20gradient

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 OBS

... expressed either in degrees per unit depth or in units of depth per degree.  7, record 22, English, - geothermal%20gradient

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 2 OBS

... averages about 1°F per 60 ft, but may be considerably greater.  6, record 22, English, - geothermal%20gradient

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 3 OBS

When applied to the Earth, the term "geothermal gradient" may be used [as a synonym for "thermal gradient"].  8, record 22, English, - geothermal%20gradient

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 4 OBS

Not to be confused with "geothermal degree."  9, record 22, English, - geothermal%20gradient

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 5 OBS

thermal gradient; geothermal gradient; temperature gradient: terms used at Natural Resources Canada - Earth Sciences Sector.  9, record 22, English, - geothermal%20gradient

Record 22,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Augmentation de la température en fonction de la profondeur en dessous de la surface.  6, record 22, French, - gradient%20g%C3%A9othermique

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[Le gradient géothermique] varie d'après l'histoire géologique, la radioactivité des roches et leur conductivité. En moyenne, il est de 35 °C par kilomètre.  7, record 22, French, - gradient%20g%C3%A9othermique

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 2 CONT

L'accroissement [de température] est en général de 1° pour un enfoncement de 30 à 35 m et on exprime ce résultat en disant que le degré ou gradient géothermique est de 33 m. [...] le degré géothermique signifie qu'il existe une source de chaleur profonde et permanente sous l'écorce terrestre [...]  8, record 22, French, - gradient%20g%C3%A9othermique

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 3 CONT

Le milieu tectonique le plus favorable à la présence de cheminées kimberlitiques est un craton ancien et épais, à faible gradient géothermique.  9, record 22, French, - gradient%20g%C3%A9othermique

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 OBS

gradient géothermique; gradient thermique; gradient de température; taux de variation de la température : termes en usage à Ressources naturelles Canada - Secteur des sciences de la Terre.  10, record 22, French, - gradient%20g%C3%A9othermique

Record 22,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Aumento de la temperatura de la tierra por unidad de profundidad (aproximadamente 3,3 °C por 100 m).  3, record 22, Spanish, - gradiente%20geot%C3%A9rmico

Record 23,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An index ranging in value from 0 to 1 indicating the penalty in useful energy collection resulting from heat exchange between the collector and the storage tank in liquid solar heating systems.  1, record 23, English, - collector%2Dheat%20exchanger%20correction%20factor

Record 23,  Textual support,  French

Record 23,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 24,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Thermochemical conversion denotes technologies that use elevated temperatures to convert the biomass materials by(a) direct combustion to produce heat;(b) pyrolysis to produce gas, pyrolytic liquids, chemicals and char;(c) gasification to produce low or intermediate joule value gas... and(d) liquefaction to produce heavy fuel oil or, with upgrading, lighter boiling liquid products used as distillates, light fuel oil or gasoline...  4, record 24, English, - thermochemical%20conversion

Record 24,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Processus thermique et chimique par lesquels des substances riches en carbone sont transformées en produits chimiques intermédiaires pour produire de l'énergie, des carburants, des produits chimiques et des matériaux.  5, record 24, French, - conversion%20thermochimique

Record 24,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 25,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 DEF

"thermal resistance(R, ru, R-factor, R-value) ": Reciprocal of a heat transfer coefficient(R=1/C, 1/U, 1/F). It is the most useful factor in thermal design calculations because resistances are additive, whereas conductances and conductivities are not.  1, record 25, English, - R%2Dfactor

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Insulation is now manufactured and sold by its thermal "resistance value"(called the "R"-value)-a precise measurement of the insulation's resistance to heat transfer. The higher the resistance value, the less heat will escape through the insulating material.  5, record 25, English, - R%2Dfactor

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The word "ru" is an abbreviation for resistance unit.  1, record 25, English, - R%2Dfactor

Record 25,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Mesure de la capacité d'un matériau à résister au transfert thermique.  7, record 25, French, - valeur%20%C2%ABR%C2%BB

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Valeurs indicatives des résistances thermiques utiles R_u de quelques éléments de construction à hétérogénéité régulière.  8, record 25, French, - valeur%20%C2%ABR%C2%BB

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 2 CONT

[...] la résistance thermique totale d'un mur fait d'un seul matériau est donnée par : R = [...]. L'inverse de cette résistance thermique s'appelle la «conductance thermique».  9, record 25, French, - valeur%20%C2%ABR%C2%BB

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 3 CONT

Isolation thermique. Coefficients de base. [...] Résistance thermique. [...] le D.T.U. codifie les valeurs de R pour les éléments de construction à hétérogénéité régulière.  10, record 25, French, - valeur%20%C2%ABR%C2%BB

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 4 CONT

C'est le facteur isolation qui est le plus important lorsqu'il s'agit de retenir la chaleur dans la maison. Les maisons R-2000 comportent un niveau très élevé d'isolation dans le sous-sol, les murs et les plafonds. [...] Le tableau suivant compare le niveau d'isolation d'une maison R-2000 avec celui d'une maison ordinaire. [...] Plafonds : Maison R-2000 : RSI = 7,0 à 10,5, R = 40 à 60. Maison ordinaire : RSI = 3,5 à 5,6, R = 20 à 32. [Source : dépliant d'Énergie, Mines et Ressources Canada intitulé «La maison R-2000»].  6, record 25, French, - valeur%20%C2%ABR%C2%BB

Record 25,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 26,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Said of window frame with one layer of glass.  3, record 26, English, - single%2Dglazed

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 OBS

It has very little insulating value(R-1) and provides only a thin barrier to the outside and can account for considerable heat loss and gain.  1, record 26, English, - single%2Dglazed

Record 26,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Se dit d'un châssis doté d'une vitre unique.  2, record 26, French, - %C3%A0%20simple%20vitrage

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le vitrage simple comporte une faible valeur d'isolation thermique et est responsable de pertes de chaleur importantes.  2, record 26, French, - %C3%A0%20simple%20vitrage

Record 26,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 27,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Net heat of combustion. In the case of solid fuels and liquid fuels of low volatility, a lower value calculated from gross calorific values as the heat produced by combustion of unit quantity at constant atmospheric pressure, under conditions, such that all water in the products remain in the form of vapor.  11, record 27, English, - lower%20heating%20value

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Heating values are reported as gross(or higher) heating value when the water formed in combustion is condensed, and as net(or lower) heating value when the water from combustion leaves the system as vapor and the heat of condensation is not included.  12, record 27, English, - lower%20heating%20value

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 OBS

net heating value; net calorific value: terms used at Natural Resources Canada - Earth Sciences Sector.  13, record 27, English, - lower%20heating%20value

Record 27,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Pouvoir calorifique supérieur diminué de la chaleur latente d'évaporation de l'eau renfermée par le combustible et de celle ayant pris naissance dans sa combustion.  5, record 27, French, - pouvoir%20calorifique%20inf%C3%A9rieur

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 CONT

On distingue un pouvoir calorifique supérieur (Pcs) comprenant la chaleur de condensation de la vapeur d'eau (l'eau est donc à l'état liquide au stade final de la combustion), et un pouvoir calorifique inférieur (Pci) ou l'eau produite dans la combustion est à l'état final de vapeur.  2, record 27, French, - pouvoir%20calorifique%20inf%C3%A9rieur

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 OBS

pouvoir calorifique inférieur (p.c.i.; pci; PCI) : terme et abréviations en usage à Ressources naturelles Canada - Secteur des sciences de la Terre.  6, record 27, French, - pouvoir%20calorifique%20inf%C3%A9rieur

Record 27,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Poder calorífico cuando el agua inicialmente presente en un combustible y la resultante en los productos de combustión se encuentran en estado de vapor.  4, record 27, Spanish, - poder%20calor%C3%ADfico%20inferior

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Esta norma cubre a las calderas de baja capacidad, de tubo de humo y tubos de agua sin equipo de recuperación de calor, comercializadas en los Estados Unidos Mexicanos, que utilizan combustibles líquidos y/o gaseosos derivados del petróleo, con las siguientes características: Campo de aplicación de la norma; capacidad de 7.5 a 100 Kw; presión hasta 1 MPa. temperatura; saturación. Presenta el método de prueba para determinar la eficiencia térmica de estas calderas. Eficiencia mínima de calderas con base en el poder calorífico inferior.  5, record 27, Spanish, - poder%20calor%C3%ADfico%20inferior

Record 28,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A high-pressure coal gasification process using pure oxygen as the combustion gas.  4, record 28, English, - Lurgi%20process

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 CONT

When using air or oxygen with steam, coal may be gasified ... in lump form in fixed beds (as in gas producers or in the Lurgi process); ...  5, record 28, English, - Lurgi%20process

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[This] coal gasification process [has been] developed in Germany... It produces a gas of somewhat lower heat value than natural gas.  6, record 28, English, - Lurgi%20process

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Unlike the Koppers-Jotzek process, which will operate with any type of coal, the Lurgi process requires fines (very small particles) to be removed and the coal to be no more than weakly coking.  4, record 28, English, - Lurgi%20process

Record 28,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Procédé Lurgi. C'est un procédé continu à l'oxygène dénommé en lit fixe [...] et sous pression [...]  1, record 28, French, - proc%C3%A9d%C3%A9%20Lurgi

Record 28,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 29,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... save convective adjustment counter data in file.  1, record 29, English, - convective%20adjustment%20counter

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 OBS

convective adjustment : Parametrization of convection in a numerical model by the redistribution of sensible heat, water vapour content and liquid water content when the temperature lapse rate exceeds a certain value.  2, record 29, English, - convective%20adjustment%20counter

Record 29,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 OBS

ajustement convectif : Dans un modèle numérique, paramétrisation de la convection par redistribution de la chaleur sensible, du contenu en vapeur d'eau et du contenu en eau liquide, quand le gradient vertical de température dépasse une certaine valeur.  2, record 29, French, - compteur%20d%27ajustement%20convectif

Record 29,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 30,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Boundary Layers. A consequence of any fluid-surface interaction(as is found in convective heat transfer) is the development of a region in the fluid through which the velocity varies from zero at the surface to a finite value... associated with the flow. This region is known as the hydrodynamic, or velocity boundary layer. If there is a difference in the surface and flow temperatures, there will also develop a region in the fluid through which the temperature varies... in the outer flow... This region, called the thermal boundary layer, may be smaller, larger or the same size as that through which the velocity varies.  2, record 30, English, - thermal%20boundary%20layer

Record 30,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Couches limites et dynamiques. Quel que soit le régime d'écoulement, il demeure une sous-couche laminaire (couche limite dynamique) dont l'épaisseur est d'autant plus réduite que le nombre de Reynolds est grand. L'épaisseur de cette couche limite varie en fonction de nombreux paramètres : nature du fluide, température, rugosité de la paroi... L'analogie de Reynolds montre que le gradient thermique est particulièrement important au voisinage de la paroi, c'est à dire dans la sous-couche laminaire. Quel que soit le régime d'écoulement du fluide, on considère que la résistance thermique est entièrement située dans le film laminaire qui joue le rôle d'isolant thermique (couche limite thermique).  2, record 30, French, - couche%20limite%20thermique

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Convection forcée externe. Le modèle de la couche limite appliqué aux transferts thermiques et aux transferts de masse (différentes espèces). Couche limite mécanique, couche limite thermique, couche limite massique.  3, record 30, French, - couche%20limite%20thermique

Record 30,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 31,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The enormous current generated during a short circuit produces damaging heat at a much faster rate than can be safely dispersed. Interrupt the current and you stop adding heat to the system. Time is a critical determinant of the amount of heat(energy) added. An electrical short that lasts three cycles, for example, adds six times the energy of one lasting just one-half cycle. It's in this sense that all circuit breakers and fuses "limit" current. Add a current limiting device, i. e. ususally a fuse, but sometimes a circuit breaker and fuse in series, that restricts the fault current to a value less than the starter's short-circuit withstand rating.  3, record 31, English, - current%20limiting%20device

Record 31,  Textual support,  French

Record 31,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 32,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Wet air oxidation is the process of breaking down oxidizable inorganic and organic waste in a high-temperature, high-pressure, aqueous environment. The process is categorized as a low-temperature thermal treatment.  2, record 32, English, - wet%20air%20oxidation

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 2 CONT

In the wet air oxidation or wet combustion of sludges, air pressures are raised to 1200 to 1800 psig [pounds per square inch gage-82 to 124 bars] and the accompanying temperature becomes 540°F or more. Under these conditions there is no vaporization of the sludge liquid.... External heat is applied to start oxidation of the organic matter in the sludge. Thereafter, oxidation increases until the rate reaches an equilibrium value.  3, record 32, English, - wet%20air%20oxidation

Record 32,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Combustion humide des boues. Ce procédé, malgré son appellation, est plus un procédé de conditionnement qu'un procédé d'incinération. Il consiste en effet, théoriquement, à chauffer la boue en présence d'air sous des pressions pouvant atteindre 200 bars [grammes par centimètre carré - 2898 psi). On réalise une oxydation poussée de la matière organique, simultanément à la transformation physique de la matière colloïdale.  1, record 32, French, - combustion%20humide

Record 32,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 33,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Auxiliary fuels are supplied with incinerator systems not only for starting the combustion, but also to maintain control of combustion as needed for operating at proper temperature. Its use during operation will be related to the moisture content of the sludge fed to the incinerator and to the B. T. U. or heat value of the dry sludge.  1, record 33, English, - auxiliary%20fuel

Record 33,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La récupération de la chaleur des gaz chauds de combustion pour le préséchage du produit, ou pour le chauffage de l'air de combustion, permet de réduire ou même de supprimer les dépenses de fuel d'appoint.  1, record 33, French, - fuel%20d%27appoint

Record 33,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 34,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The thermopile heat of combustion detector is at the heart of each heating value transmitter. Air is used as a heat transfer media and flows around the combustion chamber. Any increase in the heat produced by the combustion of a controlled sample of process gas is immediately sensed and reported to the microprocessor. Air enters the combustion chamber on the outside cold junctions where its heat is measured, then flows down the outside of the thermopile towards the viewer to turn through 180° past the end of the thermopile assembly and then flows up through the heat exchanger... to mix with the heated flue gases from the burner.  3, record 34, English, - combustion%20detector

Record 34,  Textual support,  French

Record 34,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 35,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The limit reached when the net value of the displaced oil per unit time is equal to the cost of heat per unit time.  1, record 35, English, - economic%20limit

Record 35,  Textual support,  French

Record 35,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 36,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An integrating measuring instrument which progressively indicates values of the quantity measured accumulated over a certain length of time.  1, record 36, English, - integrating%20meter

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 OBS

In the indicating device of an integrating meter the first moving element(disc, numbered roller, etc...) which has the smallest scale value normally moves continuously during the course of measurement. However, this continuity of movement does not always occur in the indicating devices of some other integrating measuring instruments, e. g. cyclic operating heat meter, hydrometric vane in which the indicating device is actuated by discontinuous impulses.  1, record 36, English, - integrating%20meter

Record 36,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Appareil mesureur intégrateur qui indique progressivement les valeurs de la grandeur mesurée accumulées pendant un certain temps.  1, record 36, French, - compteur

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Dans le dispositif indicateur d'un compteur continu, le premier élément mobile (disque, rouleau chiffré, etc) qui a la plus petite valeur d'échelon se déplace ordinairement de façon continue au cours du mesurage. Cependant, cette continuité de mouvement n'existe pas toujours pour les dispositifs indicateurs de certains autres appareils mesureurs intégrateurs. Exemples : compteur de chaleur à fonctionnement cyclique, moulinet hydrométrique dont le dispositif indicateur est entraîné par des impulsions discontinues.  1, record 36, French, - compteur

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 2 OBS

compteur : recommandation internationale de la Troisième Conférence Internationale de Métrologie Légale, 1968.  2, record 36, French, - compteur

Record 36,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 37,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A calorimeter designed with a strong-walled container constructed of a corrosion-resistant alloy, called the bomb, immersed in about 2.5 liters of water in a metal container; the sample, usually an organic compound, is ignited by electricity, and the heat generated is measured.  5, record 37, English, - bomb%20calorimeter

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... a bomb calorimeter should be used to determine the heat value [of sludges].  6, record 37, English, - bomb%20calorimeter

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 OBS

To determine the heat of combustion of a fuel, a representative sample is burned in a high-pressure oxygen atmosphere within a metal bomb or pressure vessel.  2, record 37, English, - bomb%20calorimeter

Record 37,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Appareil utilisé en thermochimie pour déterminer les chaleurs de combustion ou le pouvoir calorifique des substances solides et liquides.  2, record 37, French, - bombe%20calorim%C3%A9trique

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La bombe calorimétrique consiste en une enveloppe robuste en acier à haute résistance mécanique [...] La substance étudiée est brûlée dans un excès d'oxygène, qui est introduit jusqu'à une pression de 25 atmosphères. [...] [La bombe] est immergée [...] dans un récipient calorimétrique rempli d'eau, placé dans une enveloppe extérieure maintenue à température constante.  2, record 37, French, - bombe%20calorim%C3%A9trique

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La bombe [est] ainsi appelée à cause de la brusque augmentation de pression qui accompagne généralement l'essai [...]  3, record 37, French, - bombe%20calorim%C3%A9trique

Record 37,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 38,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A value determined in the measurement of pulp and paper color reversion before and after heat aging.  1, record 38, English, - post%20color%20number

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The post-colour (p.c.) number is a way of expressing the brightness loss independent of the original brightness.  2, record 38, English, - post%20color%20number

Record 38,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Toute matière cellulosique jaunit au vieillissement. Ce processus est influencé par la composition chimique de la pâte et par les conditions ambiantes telles la température, l'alcalinité ou l'acidité, la présence ou l'absence d'oxygène, l'humidité, ainsi que la qualité et l'intensité de l'éclairage. Les pâtes à haute teneur en lignine, blanchies uniquement par agents réducteurs, sont particulièrement sensibles à la perte de blancheur. On détermine la susceptibilité d'une pâte à ce processus en soumettant une feuille de blancheur standard à un essai de blancheur avant et après étuvage à 105 °C durant une heure ou plus. [...] L'indice de jaunissement est une façon d'exprimer la perte de blancheur sans égard au degré de blancheur initiale [...]  1, record 38, French, - indice%20de%20jaunissement

Record 38,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 39,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The ratio of the electric power produced by a power plant to the amount of heat produced by the fuel.  3, record 39, English, - thermal%20efficiency

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 OBS

A measure of the efficiency with which the plant converts thermal to electric energy.  3, record 39, English, - thermal%20efficiency

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 2 DEF

The calorific content of the total useful heat or energy produced by a plant, expressed as a percentage of the calorific content of the total fuel consumed, or simply: heat output [divided by] heat input [multiplied by] 100.  4, record 39, English, - thermal%20efficiency

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 2 OBS

In respect of a boiler, "heat output" relates to the energy value of the useful hot water or steam produced. In considering electricity generation, however, the overall thermal efficiency is the total energy value of the electricity "sent out", expressed as a percentage of the energy value(gross as fired) of the fuel used. This overall concept takes account of both boiler and steam turbine losses. A modern power station achieves about 35 per cent thermal efficiency.  4, record 39, English, - thermal%20efficiency

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 3 OBS

Compare with "heat rate", a related concept which some authors consider as a synonym of "thermal efficiency".  5, record 39, English, - thermal%20efficiency

Record 39,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le perfectionnement des RHTRG [réacteurs à haute température refroidis par gaz] aura pour but d'améliorer la performance et de prolonger la durée de vie des centrales. Pour le premier point, de nombreuses recherches sont actuellement consacrées à ce que l'on appelle le cycle à turbine à gaz, où un gaz à haute température alimente directement une turbine à gaz ce qui permet d'obtenir un rendement thermique très élevé et un coût de l'énergie très intéressant ainsi qu'à la production de chaleur industrielle à très haute température.  2, record 39, French, - rendement%20thermique

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Comparaison du rendement thermique des chaudières. Chaudière de 1970 : Rendement utile de la chaudière : 55 à 70 %. Pertes à l'arrêt de la chaudière : 10 à 15 %. Pertes par les gaz de combustion : 20 à 30 %. Rendement de la combustion : 70 à 80 %. Chaudière OPTIMAZ : Rendement utile de la chaudière : plus de 90 %. Pertes à l'arrêt de la chaudière : 1 %. Pertes par les gaz de combustion : 5 à 9 %. Rendement de la combustion : 91 à 94 %.  3, record 39, French, - rendement%20thermique

Record 39,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 40,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The adjustment(upward of a film resistor value by applying heat from a focused laser source to remove material.  1, record 40, English, - laser%20trimming

Record 40,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Ajustage des résistances des circuits hybrides.  1, record 40, French, - ajustage%20par%20laser

Record 40,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 41,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Parametrization of convection in a numerical model by the redistribution of sensible heat, water vapour content and liquid water content when the temperature lapse rate exceeds a certain value.  2, record 41, English, - convective%20adjustment

Record 41,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Dans un modèle numérique, paramétrisation de la convection par redistribution de la chaleur sensible, du contenu en vapeur d'eau et du contenu en eau liquide quand le gradient vertical de température dépasse une certaine valeur.  2, record 41, French, - ajustement%20convectif

Record 41,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Parametrización de la convección en un modelo numérico haciendo una nueva distribución del calor sensible y el contenido de vapor de agua y de agua líquida cuando el gradiente vertical de la temperatura excede cierto valor.  1, record 41, Spanish, - ajuste%20convectivo

Record 42,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Resistance to Temperature. ASTM Recommended Practice D 794 describes high-temperature testing for plastics. Only the procedure for heat exposure is specified, the test method being governed by the potential end use. Heat is applied using an oven with controlled air flow and with substantial fresh air intake. Two types of tests are described : continuous heat and cyclic heat. In the former, heat is gradually increased until failure occurs. Failure is defined as a change in appearance, weight, dimension, or other property that alters the material to a degree that it is no longer serviceable for the purpose in question. The test may take minutes to weeks, depending on the rate of temperature increase. The cyclic heat test repeatedly applied heat of a constant value until failure.  1, record 42, English, - continuous%20heat%20test

Record 42,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Les méthodes d'essai d'endurance thermique sont destinées à déterminer les changements survenus dans les propriétés des matériaux par suite d'une longue exposition à une température élevée.  2, record 42, French, - essai%20d%27endurance%20thermique%20continu

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Températures et durées d'exposition. Les éprouvettes doivent être soumises à un minimum de trois températures réparties sur une gamme suffisamment étendue pour permettre l'établissement de la relation entre la température et la durée jusqu'à détérioration et pour déterminer le profil d'endurance thermique ou l'indice de température. [On distingue le] vieillissement par cycles [et le] vieillissement continu.  2, record 42, French, - essai%20d%27endurance%20thermique%20continu

Record 42,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 43,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Resistance to Temperature. ASTM Recommended Practice D 794 describes high-temperature testing for plastics. Only the procedure for heat exposure is specified, the test method being governed by the potential end use. Heat is applied using an oven with controlled air flow and with substantial fresh air intake. Two types of tests are described : continuous heat and cyclic heat. In the former, heat is gradually increased until failure occurs. Failure is defined as a change in appearance, weight, dimension, or other property that alters the material to a degree that it is no longer serviceable for the purpose in question. The test may take minutes to weeks, depending on the rate of temperature increase. The cyclic heat test repeatedly applies heat of a constant value until failure.  1, record 43, English, - cyclic%20heat%20test

Record 43,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Les méthodes d'essai d'endurance thermique sont destinées à déterminer les changements survenus dans les propriétés des matériaux par suite d'une longue exposition à une température élevée.  2, record 43, French, - essai%20d%27endurance%20thermique%20cyclique

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Températures et durées d'exposition. Les éprouvettes doivent être soumises à un minimum de trois températures réparties sur une gamme suffisamment étendue pour permettre l'établissement de la relation entre la température et la durée jusqu'à détérioration et pour déterminer le profil d'endurance thermique ou l'indice de température. [On distingue le] vieillissement par cycles [et le] vieillissement continu.  2, record 43, French, - essai%20d%27endurance%20thermique%20cyclique

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 3 OBS

Essai cyclique. Essai composite dans lequel les mêmes expositions se répètent de façon cyclique [...]  2, record 43, French, - essai%20d%27endurance%20thermique%20cyclique

Record 43,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 44,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A type of plywood, namely a composite board, that incorporates a protective material insulating against heat and fire.  2, record 44, English, - insulating%20plywood

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Composite Boards. Highly efficient non-inflammable plywood can be produced by combining asbestos or another non-combustible material with wood veneers. The protective material selected, in addition to being fire resistant, must have a high insulation value against heat....  3, record 44, English, - insulating%20plywood

Record 44,  Textual support,  French

Record 44,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 45,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 CONT

With the line burner firing directly into the air stream 100% of the net heat value of the natural gas fuel is utilized.  2, record 45, English, - line%20burner

Record 45,  Textual support,  French

Record 45,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 46,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In practice, it is common to provide heat, to maintain the digester operating temperature at the required value of 32-35°C(mesophilic conditions) by burning a proportion of the biogas produced.  1, record 46, English, - mesophilic%20condition

Record 46,  Textual support,  French

Record 46,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 47,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Given the factors of degree days, conductance and air change, it is possible to estimate the winter heat loss for a building. The U value per unit area of the enclosure component, multiplied by the area of each component, multiplied by the area of each component and then summed for all components becomes the total building conductance factor. When the total loss through air change is added, the resulting figure is the complete building heat loss factor(b).  1, record 47, English, - complete%20heat%20loss%20factor

Record 47,  Textual support,  French

Record 47,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 48,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Net calorific value(NCV) is the number of heat units obtained by the complete combustion of a unit mass(for solids and liquids) or a unit volume(for gases) ;it is assumed that the make-up fuel and the agent of combustion are at atmospheric pressure and 25 ° C, that the combustion products are brought to the same pressure and temperature and that the water of combustion is present at steam.  1, record 48, English, - agent%20of%20combustion

Record 48,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le pouvoir calorifique inférieur (PCI) représente la quantité de chaleur dégagée par la combustion complète de l'unité de masse (pour les solides et les liquides) ou de volume (pour les gaz); on admet que le carburant d'appoint et le comburant sont à la pression atmosphérique et à 25 ° C, que les produits de combustion sont ramenés aux mêmes conditions de pression et température et que l'eau dégagée par la combustion reste au stade de la vapeur.  1, record 48, French, - comburant

Record 48,  Textual support,  Spanish