TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Assume that A was seized of the fee simple estate in Blackacre, and that A's heir, C, was an infant aged ten years. At common law, upon the death of A, the fee simple estate would pass, by inheritance, to C. As C was an infant, the land would go into wardship and with the land also would go the child. Blackacre would become subject to the onerous feudal incidents of wardship and marriage and, as a result, financial havoc could be wrought upon A's family. To avoid this result, A would make the following disposition of Blackacre by way of a use : A would be the "feoffor to uses", B the "feoffee to uses", and C the "cestui que use". B would undertake to hold the fee simple estate to the use of A until his death and, thereafter, to the use of C, A's heir.  2, record 1, English, - feoffor%20to%20uses

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

feoffor to uses : a historical term.  3, record 1, English, - feoffor%20to%20uses

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

fieffant à usage d'autrui; fieffante à usage d'autrui : termes normalisés par le Comité de normalisation, Promotion de l'accès à la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 1, French, - fieffant%20%C3%A0%20usage%20d%27autrui

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The Roman law called a fiduciary heir the person who was instituted heir, and who was charged to deliver the succession to a person designated by the testament.  2, record 2, English, - fiduciary%20heir

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le fiduciaire : le légataire chargé de restituer les biens en vertu d'un fidéicommis.  3, record 2, French, - fiduciaire

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Privity of blood exists between an heir and his ancestor(privity in blood inheritable) and between coparceners. That privity was formerly of importance in the law of descent cast.  1, record 3, English, - privity%20of%20blood

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The heir at common law was he to whom his ancestor's lands, etc., descended according to the common law as modified by the "Inheritance Act, "1833, as opposed to a customary heir or special heir, who inherited by virtue of a custom.... [Jowitt's, 2nd ed., 1977, 897].  1, record 4, English, - heir%20at%20common%20law

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 2 CONT

A deceased person's "heir at law" are those who succeed to his estate of inheritance under statutes of descent and distribution, in absence of testamentary disposition, and not necessarily his heirs at common law, who are persons succeeding to deceased's realty in case of his intestacy.(Black, 5th, p. 650)  1, record 4, English, - heir%20at%20common%20law

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

héritier selon la common law : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 4, French, - h%C3%A9ritier%20selon%20la%20common%20law

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Such goods and personal chattels as, contrary to the nature of chattels, go by special custom to the heir or devisee of the owner, along with the inheritance, and not to the executor. ["Osborn's Concise Law Dictionary, "6th ed., 1976, p. 163]  1, record 5, English, - heirloom

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

objet de famille : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 5, French, - objet%20de%20famille

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

In English law, the issue in tail, who claims "per formam doni," by the form of the gift. [Black, 6th, p. 724].  1, record 6, English, - heir%20in%20tail

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

An heir general took by descent as fixed by law, as opposed to an heir special or heir in tail, who claimed as issue in tail "per formam doni, "i. e., according to the nature of the estate tail. [Jowitt's, 2nd ed., 1977, p. 897].  1, record 6, English, - heir%20in%20tail

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

héritier en fief taillé; héritier particulier : termes normalisés par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 6, French, - h%C3%A9ritier%20en%20fief%20taill%C3%A9

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

He who, after his ancestor dies intestate, has a right to all lands, tenements, and hereditaments which belonged to him or of which he was seised. The same as "heir general" ... [Black’s, 5th ed., 1979, p. 854].  1, record 7, English, - heir%20at%20law

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The feudal rules of succession applied to find the heir were based on the succession of males in preference to females, on primogeniture among males, and on representation, whereby a descendant of a pre-deceased heir, e. g. a grandson, took in preference to a collateral of the deceased, e. g. a brother. An heir general or heir at law is such an heir. [The "Oxford Companion to Law, "1980, p. 559].  1, record 7, English, - heir%20at%20law

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The reason why words of procreation were required was that "heirs," extended to all the "heirs general," including relatives other than descendants of the grantee, such as his brothers, uncles or cousins. An entail, however, was an interest which could pass only to lineal descendants of the original grantee (heirs special) and so "heirs" had to be restricted by the addition of words of procreation. [Megarry and Wade, p. 57].  1, record 7, English, - heir%20at%20law

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

héritier légal; héritier général : termes normalisés par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 7, French, - h%C3%A9ritier%20l%C3%A9gal

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The person entitled to succeed to the real property of a person who dies intestate.  4, record 8, English, - heir%2Dat%2Dlaw

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Heir general. He who, after his ancestor’s death intestate, has a right to all lands, tenements and hereditaments that belonged to him or of which he was seized. The same as heir general.  3, record 8, English, - heir%2Dat%2Dlaw

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les héritiers légaux : La loi prévoit à qui reviennent les biens du défunt si celui-ci n'a pas laissé de disposition de dernière volonté : ce sera la "dévolution légale de la succession". Plusieurs possibilités peuvent se présenter en fonction du fait que le défunt laisse ou non un conjoint survivant ou un cohabitant légal.  2, record 8, French, - h%C3%A9ritier%20l%C3%A9gal

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

HEIR, GENERAL. Heir at common in the English law. The heir at common law is he who, after his father or ancestor's death has a right to, and is introduced into all his lands, tenements and hereditaments. He must be of the whole blood, not a bastard, alien.  1, record 9, English, - general%20heir

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L’héritier universel ou à titre universel répond indéfiniment des dettes et charges qui dépendent de la succession.  1, record 9, French, - h%C3%A9ritier%20universel

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In all events, when an ab-intestate heir predeceased the testator, the share of that heir that he would have obtained, had he been alive, will be obtained by his/her legal descendants, in accordance with the rules of law.  2, record 10, English, - ab%20intestate%20heir

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Personne appelée à recueillir une succession en vertu de la loi seule, en absence d'un testament.  3, record 10, French, - h%C3%A9ritier%20ab%20intestat

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

En doit civil, «ab intestat» se dit d'une succession dont les biens sont attribués aux héritiers selon les règles fixées par le législateur lorsque le défunt n'a pas laissé de testament ou, lorsqu'ayant rédigé un testament, celui-ci est nul ou caduc.  4, record 10, French, - h%C3%A9ritier%20ab%20intestat

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[Heredero] que percibe una herencia por mandato legal a causa de haber fallecido sin otorgar testamento la persona de quien debe heredar.  1, record 10, Spanish, - heredero%20ab%20intestato

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Heir, beneficiary. A term used in the civil law. Beneficiary heirs are those who have accepted the succession under the benefit of an inventory regularly made.  2, record 11, English, - beneficiary%20heir

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Héritier qui accepte la succession sous bénéfice d'inventaire.  2, record 11, French, - h%C3%A9ritier%20b%C3%A9n%C3%A9ficiaire

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Héritier bénéficiaire : Personne qui n'accepte une succession que sous bénéfice d'inventaire et n'est tenu des dettes que jusqu'à concurrence de ce qu'il a recueilli.  3, record 11, French, - h%C3%A9ritier%20b%C3%A9n%C3%A9ficiaire

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Words of inheritance are words of limitation indicating the character of the estate granted (or devised) ... Many jurisdictions have done away with the necessity of using technical words limiting estates in land, to the end that a fee estate may be created without words of inheritance. (Cartwright, 1972, p. 1017).  1, record 12, English, - words%20of%20inheritance

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Exactly why the words "and his heirs" where necessary to create an estate in fee simple is unclear.... was, however, necessary to use the plural word ’heirs" because if the grant were to a person and his "heir", that word could refer only to the person who would be the heir at the death of the grantee, so as not to be a word of inheritance or limitation. In such a case, at common law, the grantee would get only a life estate.(Anger and Honsberger, 2nd ed., 1985, pp. 101-102).  1, record 12, English, - words%20of%20inheritance

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

words of inheritance: term used in the plural in this context.  2, record 12, English, - words%20of%20inheritance

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

termes d'hérédité; termes de transmission héréditaire : termes normalisés par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 12, French, - termes%20d%27h%C3%A9r%C3%A9dit%C3%A9

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 2 OBS

termes d'hérédité; termes de transmission héréditaire : termes utilisés au pluriel dans ce contexte.  2, record 12, French, - termes%20d%27h%C3%A9r%C3%A9dit%C3%A9

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

An expectancy or chance is a mere hope, unfounded in any limitation, provision, trust, or legal act whatever; such as the hope which an heir apparent has of succeeding to the ancestor's estate. This is sometimes said to be a bare or mere possibility, and, at other times, less than a possibility. It is a possibility in the popular sense of the term. But it is less than a possibility in the specific sense of the term possibility. For, it is no right at all, in contemplation of law, even by possibility; because, in the case of a mere expectancy, nothing has been done to create an obligation in any event; and where there is no obligation, there can be no right....(Fearne, 10th ed., 1844, pp. 23-24)  1, record 13, English, - expectancy

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

expectative : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 13, French, - expectative

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Where a married woman died and her husband took curtesy, the element of succession required to make the land settled land was satisfied by the fact that he took a mere life estate and that subject thereto the land passed to his wife's heir. Nevertheless, the land was not settled land within the meaning of the [Act], since the husband's interest arose by operation of law and not under any document.(Megarry and Wade, p. 319)  1, record 14, English, - life%20interest%20by%20operation%20of%20law

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

intérêt viager par effet de la loi : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 14, French, - int%C3%A9r%C3%AAt%20viager%20par%20effet%20de%20la%20loi

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The early rule of the common law was that an heir may not take by devise where he may take the same title by descent, title by descent being regarded as the worthier and better title. The "inter vivos" branch of the doctrine of worthier title... favors a reversion in the grantor rather than a remainder in his heirs.(Cartwright, 1972, pp. 1018-1019)  1, record 15, English, - doctrine%20of%20worthier%20title

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

doctrine du meilleur titre : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 15, French, - doctrine%20du%20meilleur%20titre

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The devolution of an interest in land upon the death of the owner of it intestate to a person or persons by virtue of consanguinity with the deceased. ("Osborn’s Concise Law Dictionary", 1976, p. 115)  1, record 16, English, - descent

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Title by descent is the title by which one person, upon the death of another, acquires the real estate of the latter as his heir at law. The title by inheritance is in all cases called descent, although by statute law the title is sometimes made to ascend.(Black, 5th, p. 400)  1, record 16, English, - descent

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le terme «inheritance» est parfois employé dans des contextes non techniques comme synonyme de «succession» (1) : «In common parlance, the taking of real or personal property by either will or intestate succession». (Ballentine's, 3rd ed., 1969)  2, record 16, French, - succession%20h%C3%A9r%C3%A9ditaire

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Le verbe correspondant «descend» peut se rendre en français par «se transmittre par succession héréditaire». L'adjectif «descendible» peut se rendre par «transmissible par succession héréditaire».  1, record 16, French, - succession%20h%C3%A9r%C3%A9ditaire

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 3 OBS

transmission héréditaire : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 16, French, - succession%20h%C3%A9r%C3%A9ditaire

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Coparcenary arose where two or more persons took hereditaments by the same title by descent. This might be at common law or by special custom. Coparcenary arose at common law where upon the death of a man seised in fee or in tail the land descended upon two or more females as heirs general or heirs in tail; it arose by custom where, according to the custom of gavelkind, the land descended upon two or more male persons. Such persons were called "coparceners"; they constituted but one heir to their ancestor; they had a joint seisin, and they had equal rights in the land as regards each other.(Halsbury, 4th ed., Vol. 39, pp. 371-2)  1, record 17, English, - coparcenary

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS

cotenance héréditaire : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 17, French, - cotenance%20h%C3%A9r%C3%A9ditaire

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

To take by inheritance; to take as heir on death of ancestor; to take by descent from ancestor; to take or receive, as right or title, by law from ancestor at his decease.(Black's, 5th ed., 1979)  2, record 18, English, - inherit

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

hériter : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 18, French, - h%C3%A9riter

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Descent cast is the same as what the older writers called a "descent which tolls entry". Where a person who acquired land by disseisin, abatement or intrusion died seised of the land, the descent of it to his heir took away or "tolled" the true owner’s right of entry, so that he could only recover the land by an action.  1, record 19, English, - descent%20which%20tolls%20entry

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The doctrine of descent cast was abolished by the Real Property Limitation Act, 1833, s. 39. The term seems to have originally meant the happening of any descent, because the law used to "cast" the land upon the heir.  1, record 19, English, - descent%20which%20tolls%20entry

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 20,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 DEF

In the civil law a certain number of days allowed an heir to deliberate whether he would take the inheritance or not.  2, record 20, English, - cretio

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Délai de réflexion dont jouit l'héritier avant de prendre parti sur la succession [...].  1, record 20, French, - d%C3%A9lai%20de%20d%C3%A9lib%C3%A9rer

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish