TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[The researcher] developed... the theory of cyclic abuse with a hypothesis that abusive relationships, once established, are characterized by a predictable repetitious pattern of abuse. She suggested that sustained periods of living in such a cycle may lead [the] victim to learned helplessness.  3, record 1, English, - abusive%20relationship

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les avocats spécialisés en droit de la famille doivent être conscients que l'enlèvement d'enfant est possible dans les affaires de violence familiale. Traditionnellement, c'est le parent qui a le droit de visite qui enlève l'enfant au parent qui est le principal responsable des soins. De plus en plus, de nombreux enlèvements sont [...] commis par le principal responsable des soins, qui fuie des situations ou des collectivités où la relation de maltraitance a eu lieu [...]  2, record 1, French, - relation%20de%20maltraitance

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] el modelo de apego traumático o vínculo traumático de Dutton y Painter [...] propone que los rasgos centrales de las relaciones abusivas de larga duración son el desequilibrio de poder y la intermitencia del abuso.  3, record 1, Spanish, - relaci%C3%B3n%20abusiva

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A reduction from the market value of an asset because the minority interest owner(s) cannot direct the business.  2, record 2, English, - minority%20discount

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Most of the studies conclude that the stocks of closely held corporations should be discounted approximately 40%. According to the studies, minority shares should be discounted 29. 37%. In practice, minority discounts range from 15% to 78%. These discounts seem high until one considers the helplessness of minority shareholders of closely held stock with a hostile controlling management.  3, record 2, English, - minority%20discount

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Montant ou pourcentage déduit de la valeur proportionnelle que représente une participation minoritaire dans une entreprise pour refléter les inconvénients inhérents à la détention d'une telle participation minoritaire, notamment l'absence de contrôle et l'absence de négociabilité.  1, record 2, French, - d%C3%A9cote%20de%20minoritaire

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

There was general agreement that the young person suffered from child abuse syndrome, which was compared to spousal abuse syndrome, having suffered long-standing physical and emotional abuse by his mother with resulting feelings of helplessness, inadequacy, worthlessness, and the in­ability to escape.  2, record 3, English, - child%20abuse%20syndrome

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

enfant maltraité : Enfant victime de violences physiques, [de mauvais traitements] sexuels, de maltraitance psychologique, de carences ou de négligences physiques, affectives, éducatives.  3, record 3, French, - syndrome%20de%20l%27enfant%20maltrait%C3%A9

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The question presented in many parricide cases is the admissibility of expert testimony on battered child syndrome to aid in proving the defendant's claim of self-defense. Although battered child syndrome was originally developed as a physical diagnosis for victims of continuing child abuse, it currently includes an explanation of the psychological aspects as well. [...] One striking similarity between abused children and abused women is the failure of the child or woman to strike back at the abuser. In the case of the battered woman, this failure to strike out is attributed to learned helplessness resulting from her continued abuse. Such reasoning may readily be applied to the circumstances of the battered child as well. For a child, the feelings of lack of power or control over the situation are even greater than for a grown adult in such a situation. A child has minimal ability to leave home and permanently escape the abuse. This inability to escape results in increased fear and isolation. Often the child has been battered since a very young age and remembers no other type of existence.  3, record 4, English, - battered%20child%20syndrome

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

syndrome de l'enfant battu; syndrome de l'enfant battue : désignations normalisées par le Comité de normalisation, Promotion de l'accès à la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 4, French, - syndrome%20de%20l%27enfant%20battu

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The client was assigned to keep a daily record of self-defeating thoughts(e. g., thoughts of hopelessness, helplessness, worthlessness, catastrophizing, negatively predicting the future).  1, record 5, English, - self%2Ddefeating%20thought

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Malgré un environnement parfois négatif, il est possible de susciter une «résilience» chez notre enfant en désamorçant toutes les pensées autodéfaitistes que suscite son accommodation aux autres et à la réalité. Éduquer, c'est faire en sorte que mon enfant sache ce qu'il vaut (estime de soi), qu'il «ose» faire (confiance en soi) [...]  2, record 5, French, - pens%C3%A9e%20autod%C3%A9faitiste

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Female survivors of childhood sexual abuse are at increased risk of later sexual assault... Furthermore, previous victimization seems to affect the victim's reaction to new victimization, and reduce their willingness to report the crime to authorities... Researchers have theorized that low self-esteem, learned helplessness, poor relationship skills and choices, difficulty reading risky situations, or poverty may affect the choices made by the revictimized person...  1, record 6, English, - revictimized%20person

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Revictimized people were at increased risk for posttraumatic stress disorder, problematic alcohol use, and substance use.  2, record 6, English, - revictimized%20person

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les femmes ayant subi des agressions sexuelles pendant leur enfance courent un risque accru d'en être encore victimes plus tard [...] De plus, la victimisation antérieure semble aussi influer sur la manière dont la victime réagit au nouvel incident et réduit sa volonté de signaler le crime aux autorités [...] Des chercheurs ont posé l'hypothèse qu'une faible estime de soi, un sentiment d'impuissance acquise, de faibles compétences et de mauvais choix en relations interpersonnelles, la difficulté à déceler les situations à risque ou la pauvreté peuvent nuire aux choix faits par la personne revictimisée [...]  1, record 6, French, - personne%20revictimis%C3%A9e

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Fear control... operates when threat is high but efficacy is low... Feelings of helplessness due to low efficacy beliefs may then result in increased feelings of fear and attempts to reduce the unpleasant experience of fear through avoidance, denial, or derogation of the message...  2, record 7, English, - fear%20control

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Lorsque la menace perçue est élevée et que l'efficacité perçue est basse (plus basse), la personne évite le message ou adopte un comportement de refus ou de colère vis-à-vis de la source ou de la question (maîtrise de la peur).  1, record 7, French, - ma%C3%AEtrise%20de%20la%20peur

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Anxiety... Includes helplessness before an invisible danger, irrationality, and an indicator that something's wrong internally.  3, record 8, English, - helplessness

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Dans le cadre des urgences psychiatriques, on parle surtout d'état de détresse relevant d'une assistance immédiate qui n'est pas toujours uniquement d'ordre médico-psychologique.  3, record 8, French, - %C3%A9tat%20de%20d%C3%A9tresse

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

... a psychological state characterized by helplessness, hopelessness, a sense of failure and the inability to cope.  2, record 9, English, - demoralization

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

D'un point de vue dimensionnel, la démoralisation se déploie ainsi sur un spectre allant du découragement (perte légère de confiance en soi), à l'abattement (début de l'abandon), au désespoir (espoir perdu) et enfin à la démoralisation (a abandonné).  2, record 9, French, - d%C3%A9moralisation

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[...] estado psíquico cuyos pilares básicos son la desesperanza[,] la impotencia, la pérdida de significado, el malestar existencial, el pesimismo, algún grado de soledad, y deterioro en el afrontamiento.  2, record 9, Spanish, - desmoralizaci%C3%B3n

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] la desmoralización [es] una combinación de malestar (p.ej., ansiedad, tristeza, enfado, o resentimiento), e incompetencia subjetiva (percepción del sujeto de que es incapaz de actuar y expresar los sentimientos que considera apropiados en una situación estresante).  2, record 9, Spanish, - desmoralizaci%C3%B3n

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 PHR

evento de desmoralización  3, record 9, Spanish, - desmoralizaci%C3%B3n

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A manifestation of a major mood disorder involving an enduring period of some or all of the following signs : significant sadness, tearfulness, decreased appetite, weight loss, sleep and energy disturbance, psychomotor agitation or retardation, feelings of worthlessness, guilt, helplessness, hopelessness, decreased concentration, thoughts of death, and suicidal ideation.  2, record 10, English, - depressive%20episode

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'efficacité des psychothérapies seules dans le traitement de l'épisode dépressif est démontrée, essentiellement dans les dépressions d'intensité légère à moyenne.  2, record 10, French, - %C3%A9pisode%20d%C3%A9pressif

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

... a conviction that there is nothing one can do to remedy a situation or solve a problem.  2, record 11, English, - learned%20helplessness

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[It has been] suggested that women cannot leave [abusive partners] because they are manifesting "learned helplessness. "This is a concept developed... to explain depressive behaviour in humans. Learned helplessness results from the loss of the subject's ability to control aversive events. The response is apathy and listlessness.  3, record 11, English, - learned%20helplessness

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[...] conviction que rien ne peut être fait pour résoudre un problème ou remédier à une situation.  3, record 11, French, - impuissance%20acquise

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[La] théorie de la «résignation acquise» [...] est considérée importante dans la compréhension de la paralysie psychologique qui maintient la victime dans une incapacité à agir et à quitter son partenaire violent.  5, record 11, French, - impuissance%20acquise

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A psychological disturbance which is characterised by a development of symptoms following a psychologically distressing event which is outside the normal range of usual human experiences, such as marital conflicts, business losses, armed robbery, etc.  6, record 12, English, - post%2Dtraumatic%20stress%20syndrome

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The victim usually experiences intense fear, terror and helplessness.  6, record 12, English, - post%2Dtraumatic%20stress%20syndrome

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Syndrome - A combination of symptoms and signs that form a distinctive clinical picture characteristic of a particular disease or injury.  7, record 12, English, - post%2Dtraumatic%20stress%20syndrome

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Type de troubles anxieux d'ordre psychologique démontrés par une victime après l'expérience d'un ou plusieurs événements dangereux, critiques ou traumatiques, qui se situent en dehors de la gamme des expériences humaines habituellement considérées comme normales.  2, record 12, French, - syndrome%20de%20stress%20post%2Dtraumatique

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le syndrome de stress post-traumatique est une forme de trouble anxieux qui fait suite à un événement particulièrement traumatisant sur le plan psychologique; attentats, bombardements, accidents graves, catastrophes, violences physiques et viols.  3, record 12, French, - syndrome%20de%20stress%20post%2Dtraumatique

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Syndrome. - Ensemble de signes révélateurs d'une situation jugée mauvaise.  4, record 12, French, - syndrome%20de%20stress%20post%2Dtraumatique

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Symptômes caractérisant l'état de stress post-traumatique.  5, record 12, French, - syndrome%20de%20stress%20post%2Dtraumatique

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Trastorno psiquiátrico que aparece en personas que han vivido un episodio dramático en su vida (guerra, secuestro, muerte violenta de un familiar ...).  1, record 12, Spanish, - s%C3%ADndrome%20de%20estr%C3%A9s%20postraum%C3%A1tico

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

En las personas que lo sufren son frecuentes las pesadillas que rememoran la experiencia trágica vivida en el pasado. Hay que observar que no se incluyen dentro de estos desencadenantes situaciones difíciles, pero propias de la vida "normal", como un divorcio, la muerte de un ser querido, enfermedad, conflictos familiares o reveses económicos.  1, record 12, Spanish, - s%C3%ADndrome%20de%20estr%C3%A9s%20postraum%C3%A1tico

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Why commit aggravated homicide (murder)? ... If we analyze this from the regulatory point of view of the Federal Penal Code, we would be facing the assumption of a person who, after having thought about it, kills another person [who] has no chance to engage in self-defense, using for that end, harmful substances or torture. This would be created as murder, characterized by premeditation, and unfair advantage (Articles 315 and 316 of the Federal Penal Code). Therefore, the use of the death penalty is precisely created as aggravated homicide as set forth in the Federal Penal Code, which would be called murder in other countries.  2, record 13, English, - advantage

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Premeditation cases are the ones where there is advantage taken from the situation of the helplessness of the victim, when the execution is sudden, and unexpected, by surprise, or when it happens via stalking, betting, a trap, or ambush.  3, record 13, English, - advantage

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Selon le Trésor de la Langue française informatisé, «avantage» veut dire «supériorité qu'une personne a sur une autre».  1, record 13, French, - avantage

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Artículo 316. Se entiende que hay ventaja: I. Cuando el delincuente es superior en fuerza física al ofendido y éste no se halla armado; II. Cuando es superior por las armas que emplea, por su mayor destreza en el manejo de ellas o por el número de los que lo acompañan; III. Cuando se vale de algún medio que debilita la defensa del ofendido, y IV. Cuando éste se halla inerme o caído y aquél armado o de pie.  1, record 13, Spanish, - ventaja

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The demolition and removal of buildings from any slum area, usually under the provisions of the federally assisted urban renewal program.  2, record 14, English, - slum%20clearance

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 2 DEF

The removal of a slum by demolishing it, altering it, or correcting the conditions causing it.  3, record 14, English, - slum%20clearance

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The word "clearance" should not mean slum destruction only; a slum can be cleared by rehabilitation, by providing better schools and social facilities, and by removing those conditions of life that bring hopelessness, helplessness, and haplessness to its residents.  3, record 14, English, - slum%20clearance

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 2 OBS

The term [slum demolition] is often used interchangeably (though incorreclty) with "slum clearance." Slum demolition, though legally and judicially authorized, can aggravate slum conditions by crowding the displaced slum dwellers into the residual slum inventory. Since crowding is one of the most harmful aspects of slum life, a slum surplus is often to be preferred to a slum shortage.  3, record 14, English, - slum%20clearance

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

C'est une loi du 14 décembre 1964 qui a fourni les moyens juridiques d'une suppression radicale des bidonvilles en permettant l'expropriation des terrains par simple arrêté préfectoral et la déduction de l'indemnité d'expropriation versée au propriétaire, de toutes les sommes qu'il aurait pu percevoir au cours des cinq années précédentes pour la location d'installations insalubres.  1, record 14, French, - suppression%20des%20bidonvilles

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The essential feature of [post-traumatic stress disorder] is the development of characteristic symptoms following a psychologically distressing event... The stressor producing this syndrome would be markedly distressing to almost anyone, and is usually experienced with intense fear, terror, and helplessness.  1, record 15, English, - distressing%20event

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'événement stressant à l'origine du syndrome [de stress post-traumatique] provoquerait des symptômes de détresse chez la plupart des individus et est généralement vécu avec un sentiment intense de peur, de terreur et d'abandon.  1, record 15, French, - %C3%A9v%C3%A9nement%20stressant

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

évènement : Cette graphie, puisée des Rectifications de l'orthographe recommandées par le Conseil supérieur de la langue française, est attestée dans le Petit Robert (2004).  2, record 15, French, - %C3%A9v%C3%A9nement%20stressant

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Un événement stressant produit des troubles.  3, record 15, French, - %C3%A9v%C3%A9nement%20stressant

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Psychologist Mihaly Czikszentmihalyi(1990) has studied optimal or "autotelic" experiences-what he refers to as "flow experiences. "The word "autotelic' derives from two Greek words, ’auto’ meaning self, and ’telos’ meaning goal. It refers to a self-contained activity, one that is done not with the expectation of some future benefit, but simply because the doing itself is the reward, i. e., compelling mental focus. Czikszentmihalyi explains, "The autotelic experience, or flow, lifts the course of life to a different level. Alienation gives way to involvement, enjoyment replaces boredom, helplessness turns into a feeling of control, and psychic energy works to reinforce the sense of self, instead of being lost in the service of external goals".  1, record 16, English, - autotelic

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[Lenore] Walker, a clinical and forensic psychologist,... formulated the concept of the battered-woman syndrome in the 1970s, discrediting the notion that abused women stay in violent relationships because they are masochistic. Instead... such continued abuse can produce a pattern of psychological effects, including high anxiety, low self esteem and "learned helplessness" that can lead a woman to feel in such imminent danger that she kills her abuser.  3, record 17, English, - continuing%20abuse

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Violence qui ne voit pas de fin ou qui risque de continuer.  2, record 17, French, - poursuite%20de%20la%20violence

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Pour se protéger contre la poursuite de la violence à son endroit et à celui de ses enfants, une femme peut avoir besoin de visites sous surveillance.  2, record 17, French, - poursuite%20de%20la%20violence

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Large numbers of low-income Canadians experience emotional distress(Stephens 1981) ;feelings of futility, helplessness, inadequacy, and depression contribute to a life-setting conducive to illness-a syndrome which Engel(1968) has called "the giving-up/given-up complex". Engel proposes that this emotional state reflects "the failure of mental coping mechanisms with concurrent alterations in biological mechanisms reducing the body's ability to deal with pathogenic process and permitting disease to develop. "  3, record 18, English, - giving%2Dup%2Fgiven%2Dup%20complex

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 2 CONT

From descriptions by patients of their life setting and their feelings during the period antedating illness onset we can identify five characteristics of the giving-up-given-up complex :(1) the giving up affects of helplessness or hopelessness;(2) a depreciated image of oneself;(3) a loss of gratification from relationships or roles in life;(4) a disruption of the sense of continuity between past, present, and future; and(5) a reactivation of memories of earlier periods of giving up.  4, record 18, English, - giving%2Dup%2Fgiven%2Dup%20complex

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

L'anglais répète deux fois le verbe "give-up" afin de marquer l'enchaînement entre la démission psychologique et la démission physique. En français on obtient cette insistance en utilisant les déterminants "enchaîne" ou "en cascade".  1, record 18, French, - r%C3%A9action%20de%20d%C3%A9missions%20en%20cha%C3%AEne

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish