TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A consistent heuristic is a rule of thumb that helps an AI [artificial intelligence] system make decisions by narrowing down the options and choosing the best one. It is based on past experience and knowledge, and it is intended to help the AI system find a solution that is close to the optimal solution.  3, record 1, English, - consistent%20heuristic

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The knowledge underlying expertise; rules ... that usually achieve desired results but do not guarantee them.  5, record 2, English, - heuristics

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Some computer aids for knowledge acquisition inductively infer strategic knowledge or heuristics from the observed performance of experts.  6, record 2, English, - heuristics

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 CONT

If the student's knowledge has complex structure and includes many misconceptions the system needs heuristic knowledge for finding out which correct conception should be replaced with a wrong one....  7, record 2, English, - heuristics

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 3 CONT

Heuristic knowledge specific to the domain... enables the building block to solve the given problem more efficiently and intelligently.  7, record 2, English, - heuristics

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

See also "experiential knowledge".  6, record 2, English, - heuristics

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Connaissance telle que : «Si A et B sont observés, alors C est une hypothèse plausible mais certainement pas D» avec éventuellement un poids associé à chacune des conclusions.  4, record 2, French, - connaissance%20heuristique

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 DEF

Connaissances de bon sens, implicites, difficiles à verbaliser. Le savoir-comment de l'expert.  5, record 2, French, - connaissance%20heuristique

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les heuristiques expriment les connaissances empiriques.  3, record 2, French, - connaissance%20heuristique

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Les connaissances stratégiques sont de trois types. Premièrement, les relations d'ordre sur les descripteurs et les procédures, c'est-à-dire toute préférence accordée à une procédure, un descripteur, ou un paramètre quelconque pour décrire le domaine. Le second type de connaissance stratégique est constitué par les connaissances relatives à la proximité, aux relations de voisinage et de distance entre les descripteurs ou entre les concepts. La troisième forme d'information stratégique est faite de l'absence de certaines informations, et de l'impossibilité où l'on se trouve à acquérir cette connaissance manquante.  6, record 2, French, - connaissance%20heuristique

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 3 CONT

Aplusix [...] est un logiciel d'enseignement [...] Ses objectifs sont [...] de renforcer les connaissances de base de l'élève [...] [et] d'apprendre à chercher en apportant des connaissances heuristiques.  7, record 2, French, - connaissance%20heuristique

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A rule-of-thumb or other device or simplification that reduces or limits search in large problem spaces.  4, record 3, English, - heuristic

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Unlike algorithms, heuristics do not guarantee correct solutions.  4, record 3, English, - heuristic

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 2 OBS

heuristic rule : Term standardized by ISO/IEC [International Electrotechnical Commission].  5, record 3, English, - heuristic

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Règle de l'art visant à réduire la complexité d'un problème et plus spécifiquement la recherche arborescente.  4, record 3, French, - heuristique

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

À l'inverse d'un algorithme, une heuristique ne garantit pas une solution correcte.  4, record 3, French, - heuristique

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 2 OBS

règle heuristique : terme normalisé par ISO/CEI [Commission électrotechnique internationale].  5, record 3, French, - heuristique

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... as a tutorial mechanism, [the computer-assisted instruction system] can form models of both the students’ states of knowledge and their reasoning strategy. These structural models are used both to identify fundamental misconceptions and to determine when and how to provide remediation, heuristic recommendations("hints"), or further instruction.  2, record 4, English, - remediation

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Without some reasoning about the student’s intentions and some appropriate remediation, effective teaching does not take place.  3, record 4, English, - remediation

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Activité aidant les élèves à s'améliorer à la suite d'une évaluation formative en fin d'apprentissage.  2, record 4, French, - rem%C3%A9diation

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Quant aux messages d'aide, ils ont été libellés en français afin d'assurer une remédiation non équivoque.  1, record 4, French, - rem%C3%A9diation

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Knowledge that is acquired from experience and is used to solve practical problems. Surface knowledge usually involves specific facts and theories about a particular domain or task and a large number of rules-of-thumb.  3, record 5, English, - surface%20knowledge

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

See also experiential or heuristic knowledge and deep-knowledge.  3, record 5, English, - surface%20knowledge

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Connaissance exprimée en utilisant des descripteurs que l'utilisateur considère comme opérationnels.  3, record 5, French, - connaissance%20op%C3%A9rationnelle

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 DEF

Connaissance provenant de l'expérience utilisable pour résoudre des problèmes pratiques. On la qualifie aussi d'heuristique ou expérimentale.  2, record 5, French, - connaissance%20op%C3%A9rationnelle

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les systèmes basés sur les connaissances fondamentales viendront en complément de ceux fondés sur des connaissances de surface («shallow knowledge») utilisés pour des cas plus courants.  1, record 5, French, - connaissance%20op%C3%A9rationnelle

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Voir aussi connaissances expérientielles et savoir heuristique.  4, record 5, French, - connaissance%20op%C3%A9rationnelle

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A collection of rules that constitutes a module of heuristic knowledge.  1, record 6, English, - rule%20package

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... the ideal model is an effective human-like proof system that contains a set of rules for making the most reasonable inference in a particular context.  4, record 6, English, - rule%20package

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The construct and task constraints are enforced by a set of rules that are applied before any other plausible-implementation rules.  5, record 6, English, - rule%20package

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 3 CONT

... expertise consists of a set of facts or rules.  6, record 6, English, - rule%20package

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 4 CONT

hierarchical set of rules.  7, record 6, English, - rule%20package

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The skill and knowledge possessed by some humans that result in performance far above the norm. Expertise often consists of massive amounts of information combined with rules-of-thumb, simplifications, rare facts, and wise procedures in such a way that one can analyze specific types of problems in an efficient manner.  2, record 7, English, - expertise

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 2 DEF

The set of capabilities that underlies the high performance of human experts, including extensive domain knowledge, heuristic rules that simplify and improve approaches to problem-solving, metaknowledge and metacognition, and compiled forms of behavior that afford great economy in skilled performance.  3, record 7, English, - expertise

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Compétence d'expert.  2, record 7, French, - expertise

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Propre à une personne, appelée expert, qui possède des habiletés et de la connaissance analytique dépassant la norme habituelle sur un domaine particulier. Un expert est capable de résoudre mieux et plus rapidement que quiconque un problème relatif à son domaine d'expertise. Il est aussi capable de détecter un nouveau problème de son domaine.  3, record 7, French, - expertise

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... deep knowledge(considered to be factual, causal or generally accepted)(is) supporting heuristic knowledge.... The causal knowledge would be used to induce new heuristics or to amend the existing ones.  1, record 8, English, - causal%20knowledge

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Une connaissance est dite causale quand on peut l'utiliser pour une inférence considérée comme explicative par l'utilisateur.  2, record 8, French, - connaissance%20causale

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Methods that use vision to locate a workpiece and the sites on it suitable for gripping have been reported by Birk, Kelley, and Wilson. The proposed three approaches, each of which utilizes two distinct phases called the instruction phase and the execution phase.... An approach called "heuristic acquisition" uses rules based on a priori knowledge of the workpiece and its hold sites. Here, the instruction phase consists of testing different heuristics for acquiring a part, such as "look for the hole that is large enough to insert a finger into" or "find a flat surface large enough to accommodate the cup on a SAVG". During execution, the image of the workpiece is examined to satisfy the heuristics for that part, and the robot proceeds. Since a heuristic does not guarantee that there is a solution, safety mechanisms such as contact sensors must be included to protect both the robot and the part from damage.  1, record 9, English, - heuristic%20acquisition

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Contrast with appearance acquisition.  1, record 9, English, - heuristic%20acquisition

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Voir acquisition de connaissance, acquisition de traits visibles, heuristique.  1, record 9, French, - acquisition%20heuristique

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

See "causal chaining", "causal-chain completion".  1, record 10, English, - causal%20link

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Some links are definitional, other links capture heuristic knowledge, such as "work causes cuffs to be shiny". Relationships like these enrich the network by providing additional paths.  2, record 10, English, - causal%20link

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Caduceus saura prendre une vue synthétique des problèmes posés par le malade, grâce à une représentation des liens causals et hiérarchiques entre les pathologies.  3, record 10, French, - lien%20causal

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Terme utilisé en sémiotique littéraire pour la représentation des liens entre les nodes d'un arbre narratif. Voir l'article de Mary-Laure Ryan dans Revue des Sciences Humaines 1986-1, no 201, pp 59-77.  2, record 10, French, - lien%20causal

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Graph searching method that uses heuristic knowledge about the domain to help focus the search. It operates by generating and testing intermediate states along potential solution paths.  1, record 11, English, - heuristic%20search%20technique

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Although this lack of knowledge causes the GPS to remain in the realm of study and not to move into the business world, many of the heuristic methods used in the GPS can be applied to the problem of gaining access to a huge, disjointed data base.  1, record 12, English, - disjointed%20data%20base

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Voir non consécutif.  2, record 12, French, - base%20de%20donn%C3%A9es%20non%20cons%C3%A9cutive

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish