TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The knowledge underlying expertise; rules ... that usually achieve desired results but do not guarantee them.  5, record 1, English, - heuristics

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Some computer aids for knowledge acquisition inductively infer strategic knowledge or heuristics from the observed performance of experts.  6, record 1, English, - heuristics

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 2 CONT

If the student’s knowledge has complex structure and includes many misconceptions the system needs heuristic knowledge for finding out which correct conception should be replaced with a wrong one....  7, record 1, English, - heuristics

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 3 CONT

Heuristic knowledge specific to the domain... enables the building block to solve the given problem more efficiently and intelligently.  7, record 1, English, - heuristics

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

See also "experiential knowledge".  6, record 1, English, - heuristics

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Connaissance telle que : «Si A et B sont observés, alors C est une hypothèse plausible mais certainement pas D» avec éventuellement un poids associé à chacune des conclusions.  4, record 1, French, - connaissance%20heuristique

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 2 DEF

Connaissances de bon sens, implicites, difficiles à verbaliser. Le savoir-comment de l'expert.  5, record 1, French, - connaissance%20heuristique

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les heuristiques expriment les connaissances empiriques.  3, record 1, French, - connaissance%20heuristique

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Les connaissances stratégiques sont de trois types. Premièrement, les relations d'ordre sur les descripteurs et les procédures, c'est-à-dire toute préférence accordée à une procédure, un descripteur, ou un paramètre quelconque pour décrire le domaine. Le second type de connaissance stratégique est constitué par les connaissances relatives à la proximité, aux relations de voisinage et de distance entre les descripteurs ou entre les concepts. La troisième forme d'information stratégique est faite de l'absence de certaines informations, et de l'impossibilité où l'on se trouve à acquérir cette connaissance manquante.  6, record 1, French, - connaissance%20heuristique

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 3 CONT

Aplusix [...] est un logiciel d'enseignement [...] Ses objectifs sont [...] de renforcer les connaissances de base de l'élève [...] [et] d'apprendre à chercher en apportant des connaissances heuristiques.  7, record 1, French, - connaissance%20heuristique

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The setting of goals at one level and determining what means are necessary to achieve them, then passing these means down to the next level where they become goals.  3, record 2, English, - means%2Dends%20analysis

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The general heuristic called means-end analysis is related to specific task performing : the problem statement is transformed into a target or goal state that represents the solution to the problem. This state provides a means of identifying a proper solution to the problem. The program then identifies sequentially the operations that reduce the difference between the new present state and the goal state.  4, record 2, English, - means%2Dends%20analysis

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

means-ends analysis; means-end analysis: terms standardized by the International Organization for Standardization/International Electrotechnical Commission (ISO/IEC).  5, record 2, English, - means%2Dends%20analysis

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Technique qui consiste à déterminer une différence entre l'état souhaité (but) et la situation présente; chercher un opérateur qui réduise cette différence. Au cas où l'opérateur n'est pas immédiatement applicable, ses conditions d'applicabilité deviennent le nouveau but.  3, record 2, French, - analyse%20moyens%2Dfins

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 OBS

analyse moyens-fins; analyse moyens-fin : termes normalisés par l'Organisation internationale de normalisation/Commission électrotechnique internationale (ISO/CEI).  4, record 2, French, - analyse%20moyens%2Dfins

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Método de razonamiento que mira hacia atrás y hacia delante, desde el punto inicial a la meta, en un intento por reducir las diferencias.  2, record 2, Spanish, - an%C3%A1lisis%20de%20medios%20y%20fines

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

In problem solving, a trial and error approach involving successive evaluations at each step made in the process of reaching the final result. In contrast, an algorithm represents a consistent approach in arriving at an optimal result.  3, record 3, English, - heuristic%20approach

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

heuristic : Pertaining to exploratory methods of problem solving in which solutions are discovered by evaluation of the progress made toward the final result. Contrast with algorithm.  4, record 3, English, - heuristic%20approach

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Démarche pédagogique qui consiste à laisser à l'apprenant la possibilité de construire son propre cheminement de découverte de notions, de principes théoriques ou de règles.  2, record 3, French, - approche%20heuristique

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Définition proposée par le Centre de terminologie et néologie, Paris, 1991.  2, record 3, French, - approche%20heuristique

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Técnica de estudio y solución de problemas mediante el uso de evaluaciones sucesivas al tanteo para lograr un resultado final.  1, record 3, Spanish, - aproximaci%C3%B3n%20heur%C3%ADstica

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A heuristic procedure was used to solve the scheduling problems. The objective was to minimize the time used in the manufacture of the products(make-span). If the make-span was smaller than the available time(aggregate period width), the scheduling problem was termed feasible. Scheduling infeasibilities were dealt with by imposing restrictions on equipment availability time in the resource constraints...  1, record 4, English, - heuristic%20procedure

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A procedure(either an algorithm or a heuristic) for finding a solution to a problem.  2, record 5, English, - problem%2Dsolving%20method

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The old set of guiding heuristics, may become less ideal, less effective. This in turn would be detected by some of the "meta"-heuristics, and they would cause the system to recover its equilibrium, to search for new representations and new heuristics to deal effectively once again with the objects and operations at the object level.  1, record 6, English, - meta%2Dlevel%20heuristic

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

meta: a prefix indicating that a term is being used to refer to itself. Thus, a meta-rule is a rule about other rules.  2, record 6, English, - meta%2Dlevel%20heuristic

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 2 OBS

heuristic rules : rules capturing the heuristics an expert uses to solve a problem.  2, record 6, English, - meta%2Dlevel%20heuristic

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Découvrir de nouvelles heuristiques supposerait la présence de méta-heuristiques manipulant les heuristiques, qui nécessiterait des méta-méta-heuristiques, et ainsi de suite.  1, record 6, French, - m%C3%A9ta%2Dheuristique

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The fact that the system can intelligently generate new problems in the course of diagnosis is an important advantage of the on-line setup, since these problems can be designed to discriminate among competing hypotheses. To compose new discriminatory subtraction problems, a generate-and-test strategy is adopted. With each primitive bug is associated a heuristic problem generator that is made to meet certain conditions in the generated problem, like having a zero on top or the same digit twice in one column.  1, record 7, English, - heuristic%20problem%20generator

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A technique for acquiring and ordering heuristic rules so that they recommend operator sequences for problem solving.  2, record 8, English, - episodic%20learning

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A heuristic relation takes the place of a network of causal relations between problem features and solutions because the causal relations are unobservable, poorly understood, or invariant for most cases.  3, record 9, English, - causal%20relation

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Although this lack of knowledge causes the GPS to remain in the realm of study and not to move into the business world, many of the heuristic methods used in the GPS can be applied to the problem of gaining access to a huge, disjointed data base.  1, record 10, English, - disjointed%20data%20base

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Voir non consécutif.  2, record 10, French, - base%20de%20donn%C3%A9es%20non%20cons%C3%A9cutive

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish