TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Indeed, if one looks at the catalytic propensity(or "catalycity") of each residue(the proportion of catalytic residues/proportion of all residues for each residue type, cysteine has the second highest catalycity behind histidine.  2, record 1, English, - catalycity

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Applications include planetary entry/ascent vehicles where the hot shock layer gases thermally excite and dissociate and the aerodynamic characteristics of the vehicle (particularly control surfaces) can be different from the perfect gas case. Heat transfer at the vehicle surfaces depends on surface chemical behaviour such as catalycity and ablation, and these effects are catered for in the developed methods.  3, record 1, English, - catalycity

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Étude de catalycité des tuiles de protection thermique pour les engins de rentrée atmosphérique.  2, record 1, French, - catalycit%C3%A9

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Au cours de la rentrée atmosphérique d'un corps, celui-ci est soumis à un écoulement hypersonique (M>5). Dans ces conditions, l'énergie dissipée par l'onde de choc est telle que la couche de choc est le siège de réactions chimiques qui dépendent des niveaux de température et de pression. L'énergie est alors essentiellement stockée sous forme chimique, et la composition de l'atmosphère peut fortement influencer la quantité d'énergie libérée par les réactions de recombinaison et retransmise à la paroi. Les caractéristiques «catalytiques» de la paroi vis à vis de ces réactions jouent donc un rôle fondamental sur la quantité d'énergie cédée à la paroi. L'objectif est donc d'analyser et de quantifier ces phénomènes, en particulier pour qualifier par rapport aux conditions spatiales les moyens d'essai «sol» des matériaux de réentrée atmosphérique (composites non ablatifs), ces moyens étant des torches à plasma inductif ou à arc mis en œuvre à EADS-LV Saint Médard.  3, record 1, French, - catalycit%C3%A9

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Zinc metalloendoproteases are widely involved in the intracellular processing and degradation of proteins. Vallee and Auld showed that these enzymes isolated from bacteria of Bacillus species share the consensus amino acid sequence, HEXXH, in their active sites and that the two histidine residues in the sequence ligate the catalytic zinc ion(1, 2). According to the sequence homology, Jiang and Bond grouped known 40 amino acid sequences of zinc endoproteases into five distinct subfamilies(astacin, serratia, matrixin, snake venom, and thermolysin).  1, record 2, English, - matrixin

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

En comparant la séquence des métalloprotéinases à zinc ainsi que l'organisation topologique de leurs structures secondaires, quatre sous-familles de Metzincines ont été décrites : les matrixines[...], les astacines [...], les reprolysines-adamalysines [...] et les serralysines.  1, record 2, French, - matrixine

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Sous-famille qui regroupe des protéases à zinc capables globalement de dégrader la quasi-totalité des protéines de la matrice extracellulaire (collagène, élastine, fibronectine, laminine, protéoglycane).  2, record 2, French, - matrixine

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The importance of the amino acid histidine lies in the fact that the body uses it to manufacture histamine, and histamine is responsible for a wide range of physiological processes. It is common knowledge that histamines cause the swelling and reddening in many inflammations and allergic reactions. Doctors therefore often prescribe antihistamines in the treatment of inflammations and infections, as well as allergies.  2, record 3, English, - histidine

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Acide aminé cristallin soluble comprenant 6 atomes de carbone, à partir duquel est élaborée l'histamine.  3, record 3, French, - histidine

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Administering sufficient quantities of a substance to test the subject's ability to metabolize it, as in the histidine loading test.  1, record 4, English, - loading

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Administration d'une substance en vue d'évaluer une fonction métabolique.  2, record 4, French, - charge

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Étude fonctionnelle de l'absorption par un test de charge en folates.  1, record 4, French, - charge

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

L-histidine : form recommended by the IUPAC(International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry).  3, record 5, English, - L%2Dhistidine

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 OBS

2-amino-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)-propanoic acid: form recommended by the IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry) for the systematic name corresponding to the CAS number indicated on the present record.  3, record 5, English, - L%2Dhistidine

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 3 OBS

H-; S-: These capital letters must be italicized.  3, record 5, English, - L%2Dhistidine

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 4 OBS

L-: This letter used as a prefix is a small capital.  3, record 5, English, - L%2Dhistidine

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 5 OBS

Chemical formula: C₆H₉N₃O₂  5, record 5, English, - L%2Dhistidine

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

L-histidine : forme recommandée par l'UICPA (Union internationale de chimie pure et appliquée).  1, record 5, French, - L%2Dhistidine

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 OBS

acide 2-amino-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl) propanoïque : forme recommandée par l'UICPA (Union internationale de chimie pure et appliquée) pour le nom systématique correspondant au numéro CAS indiqué sur la présente fiche.  1, record 5, French, - L%2Dhistidine

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 3 OBS

H-; S-: Ces lettres majuscules s'écrivent en italique.  1, record 5, French, - L%2Dhistidine

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 4 OBS

L-: Cette lettre utilisée comme préfixe est une petite majuscule.  1, record 5, French, - L%2Dhistidine

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 5 OBS

Formule chimique : C₆H₉N₃O₂  2, record 5, French, - L%2Dhistidine

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

a crystalline acid... obtained first from the urine of a dog and formed by the enzymic deamination of histidine.  2, record 6, English, - urocanic%20acid

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 2 DEF

A substance produced microbiologically from the amino acid histidine, which is good at absorbing ultraviolet light and is used for that purpose in suntan lotions.  4, record 6, English, - urocanic%20acid

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Chemical formula: C₆H₆N₂O₂ or C₃H₃N₂CH=CHCOOH or C₃H₃N₂-CH=CH-CO₂H  5, record 6, English, - urocanic%20acid

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Formule chimique : C₆H₆N₂O₂ ou C₃H₃N₂CH=CHCOOH ou C₃H₃N₂-CH=CH-CO₂H  2, record 6, French, - acide%20urocanique

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Fórmula química: C₆H₆N₂O₂ o C₃H₃N₂CH=CHCOOH or C₃H₃N₂-CH=CH-CO₂H  2, record 6, Spanish, - %C3%A1cido%20uroc%C3%A1nico

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Catalysis where an electrophilic or nucleophilic group on the peptide chain of the enzyme forms a covalent bond with the substrate. This highly reactive covalent intermediate between the enzyme and the substrate has a high probability of entering the transition state permitting the substrate to find a lower pass over the activation-energy barrier.  2, record 7, English, - covalent%20catalysis

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Many of the examples of covalent catalysis in enzyme-catalysed reactions involve attack by a nucleophilic side chain at an electron-deficient centre in the substrate; such attack is termed nucleophilic catalysis. Examples of nucleophilic catalysis are provided by chymotrypsin and fructose-bisphosphate aldolase, in these cases the nucleophilic side chains are those of serine and lysine respectively. Other types of side chain which have been found to participate in nucleophilic catalysis include cysteine... and histidine....  3, record 7, English, - covalent%20catalysis

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La catalyse covalente est utilisée par certains enzymes pour augmenter la vitesse d'une réaction chimique, en formant un intermédiaire covalent hautement réactif entre l'enzyme et le substrat qui possède une grande probabilité d'entrer dans l'état transitoire; ceci permet au substrat de trouver un passage plus bas pour traverser la barrière d'énergie d'activation. La catalyse covalente est de règle dans les réactions auxquelles participent les coenzymes : ainsi, le pyridoxal-phosphate participe à la décarboxylation oxydative des acides aminés par l'intermédiaire d'une base de Schiff, aisément mise en évidence par son spectre optique caractéristique. La plupart des transferts de phosphyryls à partir de l'ATP exigent une phosphorylation intermédiaire de l'enzyme, en général sur un résidu histidine, etc.  2, record 7, French, - catalyse%20covalente

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Promotion of a chemical reaction by addition of a substance or enzyme(catalyst) that partakes in, but is not permanently affected by the reaction. In the case of enzymes, it is mediated by the functional groups found in amino acid side chains and coenzymes. Notably, the amino acid side chains of histidine, serine, cysteine, lysine, glutamate, and aspartate are frequently directly involved in the catalytic process. Coenzymes or metals work in conjunction with enzymes to provide a greater variety of functional groups than is available through amino acid side chains alone.  2, record 8, English, - catalysis

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

DNA technology enables the facile modification of proteins by highly specific mutagenesis of their genes. Enzymes with novel properties may be produced in large quantities from the mutant genes. Kinetic analysis of the mutant enzymes can be combined with high-resolution structural data from protein X-ray crystallography to provide direct measurements on the relationships between structure and function. In particular, the strength and nature of enzyme-substrate interactions and their roles in catalysis and specificity may be studied.  3, record 8, English, - catalysis

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Accélération d'une réaction chimique grâce à la présence, en petite quantité, d'une substance (appelée catalyseur), qui est retrouvée inchangée à la fin de la réaction.  2, record 8, French, - catalyse

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Certains enzymes subissent une activation irréversible quand ils sont traités par des agents capables de se fixer de façon covalente à un groupement fonctionnel indispensable à la catalyse, ce qui conduit à la formation d'une molécule enzymatique inactive.  3, record 8, French, - catalyse

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Proceso por el cual varía la velocidad de una reacción química por la presencia de una sustancia, el catalizador, que al finalizar la reacción permanece inalterada.  1, record 8, Spanish, - cat%C3%A1lisis

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Amino acid residue directly involved in the covalent bond changes during enzyme action.  2, record 9, English, - catalytic%20residue

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Chymotrypsinogen has a single polypeptide chain of 245 residues held together by five intrachain disulfide bridges... It is converted into active [alpha] chymotrypsin by the enzymatic hydrolysis of four peptide linkages, by sequential action of trypsin and chymotrypsin, with the release of two dipeptides. The active [alpha] chymotrypsin produced this way consists of three polypeptide chains held together by two-S-S bonds. Thus the two specific residues essential for catalytic activity, histidine 57 and serine 195, are present in two different chains. However, it has been directly established by x-ray analysis of the tertiary structure of chymotrypsin that these... catalytic residues... are actually very close to each other in the conformation of the native enzyme.  1, record 9, English, - catalytic%20residue

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le chymotrypsinogène est composé d'une chaîne polypeptidique unique contenant 245 acides aminés et comportant cinq liaisons disulfure intracaténaires. Il est transformé en [alpha]-chymotrypsine active par l'hydrolyse enzymatique de quatre liaisons peptidiques sous l'influence séquentielle de la trypsine et de la chymotrypsine, avec libération de deux dipeptides. L'[alpha]-chymotrypsine active ainsi produite est constituée de trois chaînes polypeptidiques maintenues par deux liaisons -S-S. Ainsi, les deux acides aminés spécifiques essentiels à l'activité catalytique, l'histidine en position 57 et la sérine 195, se trouvent dans deux chaînes différentes. Néanmoins, des analyses aux rayons X de la structure tertiaire de la chymotrypsine ont établi directement que ces [...] résidus catalytiques [...] se trouvent en fait très proches l'un de l'autre dans la conformation de l'enzyme natif.  2, record 9, French, - r%C3%A9sidu%20catalytique

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A recombinant alfa interferon consisting of 165 amino acids with lysine at position 23 and histidine at position 34. It is used extensively as an antiviral and antineoplastic agent.  1, record 10, English, - interferon%20alpha%2D2a

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Interferons are substances that occur naturally in the body and that are secreted by certain cells in response to infection. Interferon alfa-2a, also known as Roferon-A, and interferon alfa-2b, also known as Intron A, are manmade interferons manufactured by recombinant DNA technology. These interferons belong to the class of drugs called biological response modifiers. This class of medicines stimulates the body’s response to infection and disease. They also belong to the class of drugs called antineoplastics. Antineoplastics slow or stop the growth of cancer cells.  2, record 10, English, - interferon%20alpha%2D2a

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Spelling "alfa" is commonly used for recombinant form.  1, record 10, English, - interferon%20alpha%2D2a

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La pégylation est un procédé destiné à retarder l'élimination d'un produit dans l'organisme. Il consiste à associer à un produit, une molécule de polyéthylène-glycol (PEG) responsable d'une augmentation de son poids. Dans le cas de l'Interféron alfa-2b, la pégylation aboutit au Peginterféron alfa-2b et permet d'obtenir un taux constant de ce produit pendant une semaine, après une seule injection.  1, record 10, French, - interf%C3%A9ron%20alfa%2D2b

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Gizzard erosion is a condition seen in broiler chickens caused by gizzerosine toxicity.  3, record 11, English, - gizzard%20erosion

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Gizzerosine is formed by a reaction between the 3 amino group of lysine with free histidine during the heating of fish meal. The amount of heat to which fish meal is exposed during the drying process is critical in the formation of gizzerosine.  3, record 11, English, - gizzard%20erosion

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 2 OBS

So far gizzerosine toxicity have only been described in chickens, possibly due to the high level of fish meal in the diets of this species ... The question of the influence of gizzerosine on horses and other species is however still unanswered.  3, record 11, English, - gizzard%20erosion

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Une équipe japonaise vient de reproduire expérimentalement une forte érosion du gésier sur des poulets de chair de différents âges, en leur inoculant un Adénovirus aviaire de type I (souche 99ZH).  3, record 11, French, - %C3%A9rosion%20du%20g%C3%A9sier

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Il a été signalé que la gizzérosine provoque l'érosion du gésier (EG) chez les poulets [...]  2, record 11, French, - %C3%A9rosion%20du%20g%C3%A9sier

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 2 OBS

érosion : lésion de la peau ou d'une muqueuse avec perte de substance très superficielle.  4, record 11, French, - %C3%A9rosion%20du%20g%C3%A9sier

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A form of ichthyosarcotoxism caused by the ingestion of a toxic histaminelike substance produced by the action of bacteria on histidine, a normal component of fish flesh.  3, record 12, English, - scombroid%20poisoning

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Scombroid fish (tuna, bonito, mackerel, etc.) are particularly susceptible to bacterial decomposition, and when inadequately preserved contaminated fish are eaten the symptoms of the illness (epigastric pain, nausea, vomiting, headache, dysphagia, thirst, urticaria, and pruritus) develop and usually last for less than 24 hours.  3, record 12, English, - scombroid%20poisoning

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Intoxication alimentaire due à l'ingestion de certains poissons mal conservés et qui ressemble à une réaction allergique.  2, record 12, French, - scombro%C3%AFdose

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Des aliments, notamment certains poissons contenant beaucoup d'histamine, en partie d'origine microbienne, peuvent provoquer des manifestations anaphylactoïdes (urticaire, écoulement nasal, asthme, troubles vasomoteurs avec céphalées etc). Cette intoxication est appelée «scombroïdose».  3, record 12, French, - scombro%C3%AFdose

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The substance formed by decarboxylation of histidine [which] is released from mast cells during the allergic response.  2, record 13, English, - histamine

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

When a person is exposed to an allergen ... the bloodstream sends a crowd of circulating white blood cells to the site of contact. ... Some of those white cells, the basophils, release histamines, chemicals that increase local blood flow; cause leaks in small blood vessels; and spark a flood of more white cells.  3, record 13, English, - histamine

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

It stimulates the contraction of smooth muscle and increase vascular permeability.  2, record 13, English, - histamine

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Produit chimique libéré dans le corps humain par l'interaction d'un allergène avec un anticorps fixé sur un mastocyte ou un basophile.  2, record 13, French, - histamine

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'histamine est le premier médiateur connu et peut entraîner toute une série de phénomènes inflammatoires caractéristiques de la réaction allergique immédiate.  2, record 13, French, - histamine

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 2 CONT

L'histamine est contenue à l'intérieur des mastocytes et des basophiles [...] L'histaminolibération survient principalement au cours des réactions d'hypersensibilité immédiate, lorsqu'un antigène, réintroduit dans l'organisme, réagit avec un anticorps fixé sur la membrane du mastocyte. [L]'histamine provoque une dilatation des capillaires avec augmentation de la perméabilité locale [...]  3, record 13, French, - histamine

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Sustancia orgánica presente en los tejidos vegetales y animales, que estimula secreciones e interviene en la actividad de los vasos sanguíneos. Está presente en las reacciones alérgicas.  2, record 13, Spanish, - histamina

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A group of water-soluble proteins found in association with the DNA of plant and animal chromosomes. They contain a large proportion of the basic(positively charged) amino acids lysine, arginine, and histidine. They are believed to be involved in the condensation and coiling of chromosomes during cell division and have also been implicated in nonspecific suppression of gene activity.  1, record 15, English, - histones

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Classe de protéines basiques (contenant beaucoup d'arginine et de lysine, acides aminés basiques) associées avec l'ADN. Celui-ci, déjà superenroulé, s'embobine autour d'elles pour augmenter son compactage, en formant des structures appelées nucléosomes.  1, record 15, French, - histones

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish