TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Hedonic hunger refers to consumption of food just for pleasure and not to maintain energy homeostasis. In this condition, the subject eats also when not in a state of short-term energy depletion, and food is consumed uniquely because of its gustatory rewarding properties.  2, record 1, English, - hedonic%20hunger

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

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Il convient tout d'abord de distinguer la faim physiologique, déclenchée par un besoin réel, de la faim hédonique, uniquement motivée par le plaisir gustatif qui lui est associé.  2, record 1, French, - faim%20h%C3%A9donique

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

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A mitochondrion-rich cell within a teleost fish gill that contributes to the maintenance of optimal osmotic, ionic, and acid-base levels within the fish.  4, record 2, English, - ionocyte

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In freshwater fish, ionocytes in the skin and gills help maintain osmotic homeostasis by absorbing salt from the external environment.  5, record 2, English, - ionocyte

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

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Cellule riche en mitochondries des branchies de poissons.  1, record 2, French, - ionocyte

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

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Nonlinear models differ from linear ones in a number of ways. Rather than trying to figure out all the chains of causality, the modeler looks for nodes where feedback loops join and tries to capture as many of the important loops as possible in the system's "picture". Rather than shaping the model to make a forecast about future events or to exercise some central control, the nonlinear modeler is content to perturb the model, trying out different variables in order to learn about the system's critical point and its homeostasis(resistance to change). The modeler is not seeking to control the complex system by quantifying it and mastering its causality;(s) he wants to increase her "intuitions" about how the system works so(s) he can interact with it more harmoniously.  1, record 3, English, - nonlinear%20model

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

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Les modèles non linéaires diffèrent de leurs équivalents linéaires de diverses manières. Plutôt que de tenter de déterminer toutes les chaînes de causalité, le créateur de modèles recherche les nœuds liant des boucles de rétroaction et tente de capturer le plus grand nombre possible de boucles importantes dans l'«image» du système. Plutôt que de façonner le modèle pour donner une prévision d'événements futurs ou pour exercer une sorte de contrôle central, le créateur de modèles non linéaires se contente de perturber le modèle, testant différentes variables afin d'en apprendre plus sur les points critiques du système et sur son homéostase (résistance aux changements). Il ne tente pas de contrôler le système complexe en le quantifiant et en maîtrisant sa causalité; il désire augmenter ses «intuitions» en ce qui concerne le fonctionnement du système, afin de pouvoir interagir avec lui de manière plus harmonieuse.  1, record 3, French, - mod%C3%A8le%20non%20lin%C3%A9aire

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Record 4,  Textual support,  English

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Endothelial cell(EC) apoptosis may play an important role in blood vessel development, homeostasis and remodelling. In support of this concept, EC apoptosis has been detected within remodelling vessels in vivo, and inactivation of EC apoptosis regulators has caused dramatic vascular phenotypes. EC apoptosis has also been associated with cardiovascular pathologies. Therefore, understanding the regulation of EC apoptosis, with the goal of intervening in this process, has become a current research focus.  2, record 4, English, - endothelial%20cell%20apoptosis

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

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Mort cellulaire programmée des cellules endothéliales.  3, record 4, French, - apoptose%20des%20cellules%20endoth%C3%A9liales

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Record 5,  Textual support,  English

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The intestinal microbes are taxonomically complex and constitute an ecologically dynamic community(microbiota) that has long been believed to possess a strong impact on human physiology. Furthermore, they are heavily involved in the maturation and proliferation of human intestinal cells, helping to maintain their homeostasis and can be causative of various diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease and obesity... Through metagenomic analysis, it is now possible to comprehensively explore the genetic nature of the intestinal microbiome, the mutually interacting system comprising the host cells and the residing microbial community.  1, record 5, English, - human%20intestinal%20microbiome

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

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Le microbiome intestinal est impliqué dans l’homéostasie et le fonctionnement du système immunitaire local. Un équilibre entre le microbiome intestinal et les mécanismes de défense est retrouvé normalement dans l’intestin des individus sains.  2, record 5, French, - microbiome%20intestinal%20humain

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

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Vesicular trafficking integrates epithelial polarity proteins and cellular energetic sensors to maintain tissue homeostasis. The highly complex vesicular trafficking network in eukaryotes is critical for transportation of polarity proteins as well as junctional proteins, integrins, growth factors and nutrient transporters.  2, record 6, English, - vesicular%20trafficking

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

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[...] dans certains cas, la vésicule d'endocytose court-circuite les lysosomes et va jusqu'au côté opposé de la cellule où elle libère son contenu par exocytose. Ceci est une voie de passage de particules à travers la cellule. Un tel trafic vésiculaire est l'un des moyens de transport des matériaux à travers les cellules de la paroi des capillaires permettant des échanges entre le sang et les tissus.  2, record 6, French, - trafic%20v%C3%A9siculaire

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Record 7,  Textual support,  English

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The synaptic homeostasis hypothesis claims that plastic processes during wakefulness result in a net increase in synaptic strength in many brain circuits; during sleep, synaptic strength is globally downscaled to a baseline level that is energetically sustainable and beneficial for memory and performance.  2, record 7, English, - synaptic%20homeostasis

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

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[...] un affaiblissement synaptique ramènerait les circuits cérébraux à un niveau de renforcement et d'efficacité plus économe en énergie et moins exigeant pour les cellules. Nous avons nommé homéostasie synaptique cette hypothèse d'une restauration de l'état de base par le sommeil, qui rendrait au cerveau sa capacité d'apprentissage et d'adaptation lors des phases d'éveil ultérieures.  2, record 7, French, - hom%C3%A9ostasie%20synaptique

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[...] la théorie de l’homéostasie synaptique propose que les processus de plasticité cérébrale à l’éveil donnent lieu à une potentiation synaptique dans les réseaux corticaux associés à l’apprentissage, suivie d’une dépotentiation au cours du sommeil qui a pour conséquence une consolidation de l’information.  3, record 7, French, - hom%C3%A9ostasie%20synaptique

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Record 8,  Textual support,  English

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Sleep homeostasis denotes a basic principle of sleep regulation. A sleep deficit elicits a compensatory increase in the intensity and duration of sleep, while excessive sleep reduces sleep propensity. Slow waves in the electroencephalogram(EEG), a correlate of sleep intensity, serve as an indicator of sleep homeostasis in nonREM [non-rapid eye movement] sleep...  2, record 8, English, - sleep%20homeostasis

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Augmentation de la pression de sommeil avec le temps passé éveillé (propension au sommeil).  2, record 8, French, - hom%C3%A9ostasie%20du%20sommeil

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Record 9,  Textual support,  English

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A field combining neuroscience, the study of the nervous system, and immunology, the study of the immune system.  3, record 9, English, - neuroimmunology

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Neuroimmunologists seek to better understand the interactions of these two complex systems during development, homeostasis, and response to injuries. A long-term goal of this rapidly developing research area is to further develop our understanding of the pathology of certain neurological diseases, some of which have no clear etiology... Many types of interactions involve both the nervous and immune systems including but not limited to the physiological functioning of the two systems in both health and disease, malfunction of either and or both systems that leads to disorders, and the physical, chemical, and environmental stressors that affect the two systems on a daily basis.  3, record 9, English, - neuroimmunology

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Étude des interactions entre le système immunitaire et le système nerveux.  3, record 9, French, - neuroimmunologie

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[La neuroimmunologie] étudie notamment le fonctionnement physiologique du système immunitaire chez des sujets en bonne santé ou malades, les défaillances du système immunitaire dans le cas des maladies (maladie auto-immune, hypersensibilité, immunodépression) et les caractéristiques physiques, chimiques et physiologiques des composants du système immunitaire in vitro, in situ et in vivo.  3, record 9, French, - neuroimmunologie

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

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Multicellular organisms require the existence and precise control of stem cells that maintain tissue homeostasis by replacing terminally differentiated, aged or injured cells. In addition to naturally occurring somatic stem-cell systems, such as the haematopoietic system in the fetus and the adult, stem cells can be obtained from peri-and early post-implantation stage embryos.  1, record 10, English, - post%2Dimplantation%20stage

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

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Au stade post-implantatoire, le diagnostic prénatal (DPN) des anomalies chromosomiques et des aberrations géniques présente une source d'inquiétude et de stress pour la future maman et pour la famille en général.  1, record 10, French, - stade%20post%2Dimplantatoire

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A region of the lateral zone of the hypothalamus, electrical stimulation of which in the rat elicits uninterrupted eating; destruction of the region causes long-lasting anorexia.  3, record 11, English, - feeding%20center

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The hypothalamus is the most important region in the control of food intake and body weight. The ventromedial "satiety center" and lateral hypothalamic "feeding center" have been implicated in the regulation of feeding and energy homeostasis by various studies of brain lesions.  4, record 11, English, - feeding%20center

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

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L'hypothalamus est la région la plus importante dans la régulation de la prise alimentaire et du poids corporel. Le « centre de la satiété » hypothalamique ventro-médian et le « centre de la faim » hypothalamique latéral interviennent dans la régulation de l'alimentation et de l'homéostasie énergétique selon diverses études de lésions cérébrales.  2, record 11, French, - centre%20de%20la%20faim

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Le centre de la faim a pu être décelé à la base du cerveau et des expériences ont réussi à provoquer chez des animaux des phénomènes d'obésités, cela en excitant ce centre, situé dans l'hypothalamus.  3, record 11, French, - centre%20de%20la%20faim

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

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The target value of a controlled variable that is maintained physiologically by bodily control mechanisms for homeostasis, for example, the point at which body temperature is controlled by the hypothalamic thermostat.  2, record 12, English, - set%20point

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

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Chez l'adulte en bonne santé, le bilan d'énergie cumulé sur une semaine est maintenu en équilibre grâce à des mécanismes régulateurs qui permettent de disposer des réserves à peu près constantes (homéostasie énergétique). Le poids et la composition corporelle sont donc relativement stables autour d'une certaine valeur dite «valeur de consigne» ou «set point». Différents facteurs peuvent modifier cette valeur, tels que les caractéristiques génétiques individuelles et chez un individu donné, l'âge, le statut hormonal, l'environnement, les contraintes psychologiques ou sociales.  1, record 12, French, - valeur%20de%20consigne

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The tendency of an organism to maintain its internal balance.  2, record 13, English, - homeostasis

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Metabolism is a collective term for integrated biochemical processes of the intact organism, differentiated organ, cell, and subcellular organelle. Normal metabolism enables economical homeostasis for the organism by maintaining anabolic and catabolic flow of substrates to products.  3, record 13, English, - homeostasis

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Capacité d'autorégulation d'un système biologique lorsque varient des conditions physiologiques (température, débit sanguin, volumes liquidiens, pH, etc.) du milieu intérieur.  3, record 13, French, - hom%C3%A9ostase

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Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The relative stability of the internal environment of a normal organism which is preserved through feedback mechanisms despite the presence of influences capable of causing profound changes.  2, record 14, English, - homeostasis

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Tendance de l'organisme à maintenir ses différentes constantes à des valeurs ne s'écartant pas de la normale [...]  2, record 14, French, - hom%C3%A9ostasie

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[...] l'homéostasie assure, par exemple, le maintien de la température, du débit sanguin, de la tension artérielle, du pH, des volumes liquidiens de l'organisme, de la composition du milieu intérieur, etc.  2, record 14, French, - hom%C3%A9ostasie

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

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Tendencia de un sistema biológico a mantener un equilibrio dinámico mediante la actuación de mecanismos reguladores.  2, record 14, Spanish, - homeostasis

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

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Normal bone homeostasis depends upon a constant supply of dietary minerals especially calcium and phosphate salts.  2, record 15, English, - bone%20homeostasis

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A loss of bone homeostasis may result in a decrease in bone mass and deterioration of the microarchitecture of the skeleton.  3, record 15, English, - bone%20homeostasis

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'ossification est un processus qui permet la construction des os, leurs croissances en longueur et en épaisseur, l'homéostasie osseuse est le remaniement osseux.  2, record 15, French, - hom%C3%A9ostasie%20osseuse

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

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Record 17,  Textual support,  English

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The trend toward a relatively stable internal condition in the bodies of the higher animals as a result of a sequence of interacting physiologic processes ...  2, record 17, English, - homeostasis

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Stabilisation, chez les organismes vivants, des différentes constantes physiologiques (équilibre homéostasique).  2, record 17, French, - hom%C3%A9ostasie

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"Tous les processus vitaux n'ont qu'un but: le maintien de la constance des conditions de vie dans notre milieu intérieur, élément essentiel de notre vie libre et indépendante." C'est le maintien de cette constance des conditions de vie que W.B. Cannon en 1923 appellera homéostasie.  3, record 17, French, - hom%C3%A9ostasie

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

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Virtually all cells in multicellular organisms have evolved a system of altruistic suicide that is often referred to as programmed cell death or apoptosis. This process is critical to normal development and tissue homeostasis. Apoptosis is regulated by a series of proteins that function as either effectors or suppressors of the process.  2, record 18, English, - altruistic

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 DEF

... substance having the ability to disrupt the synthesis, secretion, transport, binding, action or elimination of natural hormones in an organism, or its progeny, that are responsible for the maintenance of homeostasis, reproduction, development or behaviour of the organism. [Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999]  2, record 19, English, - hormone%20disrupting%20substance

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Substance ayant le pouvoir de perturber la synthèse, la sécrétion, le transport, la fixation, l'action ou l'élimination des hormones naturelles dans un organisme ou sa descendance, qui assurent le maintien de l'homéostasie, de la reproduction, du développement ou du comportement de l'organisme. [Loi canadienne sur la protection de l'environnement, 1999].  2, record 19, French, - substance%20hormonoperturbante

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 20,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 OBS

temperature below which animals become cold stressed whereby they must increase their mean metabolic heat production to maintain homeostasis  1, record 20, English, - lower%20critical%20temperature

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 21,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 DEF

... theory ... [that] states that people adjust their behaviour to changing circumstances in order to keep the objective risk essentially constant.  1, record 21, English, - risk%20homeostasis

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[...] mode de régulation du seuil de la prise de risque : Wilde postule qu'à tout instant le conducteur [opérateur] réalise des ajustements de manière à ce que son évaluation du risque d'accident reste égal à un niveau-cible de risque constant qu'il s'est fixé.  2, record 21, French, - hom%C3%A9ostasie%20du%20risque

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Cette théorie (de homéostasie du risque) présentée sous la forme d'un modèle d'interaction conducteur-véhicule implique que le comportement humain de prudence est intimement lié à la perception par l'opérateur du risque. [...] l'humain prendra d'autant plus de précaution si le risque [...] subjectif [...] qu'il perçoit est grand. [...] Il faut s'attendre à ce que [l'opérateur] ajuste son comportement par un relâchement de prudence. [...] le risque [...] demeure constant à quelques nuances près.  3, record 21, French, - hom%C3%A9ostasie%20du%20risque

Record 21,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 22,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Extracellular calcium homeostasis involves coordinated calcium absorption by the intestine, calcium resorption from bone, and calcium reabsorption by the kidney.(In American journal of physiology, Renal, fluid and electrolyte physiology, 1993, 33(2) F181-F198, cited in PASCAL data base.)  1, record 22, English, - calcium%20resorption%20from%20bone

Record 22,  Textual support,  French

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[Calcitonine] - Hormone thyroïdienne hypocalcémiante, ralentissant la résorption osseuse en inhibant l'action des ostéoclastes, ce qui induit une baisse de la calcémie, de la phosphorémie, de l'hydroxyprolinurie(...)  3, record 22, French, - r%C3%A9sorption%20osseuse

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Hypercalcémie - (...) Son traitement symptomatique va comporter : - une diurèse forcée par furosémide; - une corticothérapie diminuant l'absorption digestive du calcium; - un traitement par calcitonine et/ou diphosphonates, réduisant la mobilisation osseuse du calcium.  2, record 22, French, - r%C3%A9sorption%20osseuse

Record 22,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 23,  Textual support,  English

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Dietary and metabolic manipulations of the carcinogenic process : role of nucleotide pool imbalances in carcinogenesis. Perturbations in DNA and/or membranes are considered to be important for the carcinogenic process. A search for nutritional and metabolic means of disturbing the homeostasis of DNA and membranes revealed that nucleotide pools offer an exciting possibility. An imbalance in nucleotide pools can exert a two-pronged attack on both DNA and membranes.  1, record 23, English, - nucleotide%20pool%20imbalance

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 OBS

This context was excerpted from the "Index Medicus data base"  2, record 23, English, - nucleotide%20pool%20imbalance

Record 23,  Textual support,  French

Record 23,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 24,  Textual support,  English

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Two recording sessions were performed without treatment and after 10 days’ administration of Nadolol once a day(dose range, 80 to 320 mg). Nadolol, given once a day, was shown to reduce blood pressure uniformly throughout the 24-hour period without loss of activity in the hours farthest from administration. The lack of alteration in relative blood pressure variability suggests that Nadolol lowers blood pressure without interfering with the mechanisms involved in cardiovascular homeostasis.  2, record 24, English, - relative%20blood%20pressure

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 OBS

This example was excerpted from Medline data base.  2, record 24, English, - relative%20blood%20pressure

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Record 25,  Textual support,  English

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... receptors are one component of a feedback control system which ensures a finely balanced homeostasis of the cholesterol level in smooth muscle cells.  1, record 25, English, - feedback%20control%20system

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Record 25,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 26,  Textual support,  English

Record 26,  Textual support,  French

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Très souvent, apparaissent dans des familles des phénomènes de types vases communicants : si le malade désigné va mieux, c'est un autre qui tombe malade; la famille préservera ainsi son équilibre. C'est ce que Watzlawick appelle l'homéostasie familiale.  1, record 26, French, - hom%C3%A9ostasie%20familiale

Record 26,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 27,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The process of achieving a new equilibrium different from the previous equilibrium.  1, record 27, English, - dynamic%20homeostasis

Record 27,  Textual support,  French

Record 27,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 28,  Textual support,  French

Record 28,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 29,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 CONT

We thus visualize a firm as a "homeostatic" process, by which a certain structure of variables is maintained. At the simplest level, we suppose that there is "homeostasis of the balance sheet"’ on this assumption any change in balance sheet variables will evoke a counteracting behavior. If somebody buys a product from the firm, this lowers its inventory and raises cash.  1, record 29, English, - homeostatic%20process

Record 29,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'entreprise devient un processus homéostatique grâce auquel certaines structures des variables sont maintenues, qu'il s'agisse d'un niveau de profit satisfaisant, d'une diversité raisonnable de produits, d'un taux de croissance normal du chiffre d'affaires.  1, record 29, French, - processus%20hom%C3%A9ostatique

Record 29,  Textual support,  Spanish