TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

When searching through sire directories, you might see that some of the bull names contain a(P) or(PP). This is to indicate whether or not that particular sire has the heterozygous or homozygous polled gene.  1, record 1, English, - homozygous%20polled%20gene

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Heterozygous animals have one copy of the polled gene, and homozygous have two copies of the polled gene.  1, record 1, English, - homozygous%20polled%20gene

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Lors de vos recherches [de] taureaux, [...] vous pouvez voir que certains des noms de taureaux contiennent un (P) ou (PP)[. Cela] permet d'indiquer si ce taureau est porteur du gène hétérozygote ou homozygote sans cornes.  1, record 1, French, - g%C3%A8ne%20homozygote%20sans%20cornes

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Balanced polymorphism is the maintenance of genes in a population because of a balance between the damage they cause to individuals in homozygous forms and the benefit they confer on carriers.  2, record 2, English, - balanced%20polymorphism

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Il existe une relative opposition entre la protection qu'offre l'état hétérozygote et les problèmes liés à l'état homozygote. La fréquence génique dans une population est finalement le produit de l'avantage chez l'hétérozygote et de la mortalité/morbidité chez l'homozygote. C'est ce qu'on a appelé le polymorphisme équilibré.  2, record 2, French, - polymorphisme%20%C3%A9quilibr%C3%A9

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

When searching through sire directories, you might see that some of the bull names contain a(P) or(PP), this is to indicate whether or not that particular sire has the heterozygous or homozygous polled gene.  1, record 3, English, - heterozygous%20polled%20gene

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Heterozygous animals have one copy of the polled gene, and homozygous have two copies of the polled gene.  1, record 3, English, - heterozygous%20polled%20gene

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Lors de vos recherches [de] taureaux, [...] vous pouvez voir que certains des noms de taureaux contiennent un (P) ou (PP), ceci permet d'indiquer si ce taureau est porteur du gène hétérozygote ou homozygote sans cornes.  2, record 3, French, - g%C3%A8ne%20h%C3%A9t%C3%A9rozygote%20sans%20cornes

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[The alternative form of a gene] that is incapable of expression unless it is carried by both members of a pair of homologous chromosomes.  2, record 4, English, - recessive%20allele

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Recessive alleles only show their effect if the individual has two copies of the allele(... homozygous [state]). For example, the allele for blue eyes is recessive, therefore to have blue eyes you need to have two copies of the "blue eye" allele.  3, record 4, English, - recessive%20allele

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[Forme alternative d'un gène] dont l'effet ne se manifeste que s'il est présent sur les deux chromosomes de la paire (état homozygote).  2, record 4, French, - all%C3%A8le%20r%C3%A9cessif

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] la caractéristique codée par un allèle récessif ne s'exprime que s'il est présent sur les deux allèles du gène. L'allèle qui code la couleur bleue des yeux est par exemple récessif.  3, record 4, French, - all%C3%A8le%20r%C3%A9cessif

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Gen que requiere la homocigosis para expresar su efecto fenotípico.  1, record 4, Spanish, - alelo%20recesivo

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Opuesto: alelo dominante.  1, record 4, Spanish, - alelo%20recesivo

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The manifestation via gene action of a particular gene present in effective dosage in a individual’s genotype.  2, record 5, English, - phenotypic%20expression

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Gene expression results in the production of a particular phenotypic character. Organisms with the same genotype may have different phenotypes in different environments. For example, two plants may be genotypically short, but if one is grown under conditions of poor light, it will become etiolated and hence taller than the other. Organisms with the same genotype may also show different phenotypes if the penetrance of the gene differs. On the other hand, organisms with different genotypes may have the same phenotype if each contains a dominant gene : in the same environment the homozygous organism AA is phenotypically identical to the heterozygous Aa in respect of gene A.  2, record 5, English, - phenotypic%20expression

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Parmi les caractères étudiés, EE,DFGG, TPN, EDB, BDE, GLPFE, GL et PR sont non fluctuants; il s'agit de variables communes aux cinq populations qui ne subissent aucune influence du milieu. Les vingt autres caractères sont fluctuants : à chaque site, une série de gènes adaptés à l'expression phénotypique d'un caractère donné est mise en œuvre. Nous concluons que les blés durs étudiés sont distincts, non homogènes et constituent toujours des populations.  2, record 5, French, - expression%20ph%C3%A9notypique

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Phenomenon observed when combinations of mutant alleles do not produce the phenotype expected from the phenotypes of the homozygotes. It is in contrast to those situations in which one allele is dominant over the other, so that the phenotype of the heterozygote is very similar or identical to that of the homozygous dominant. Also, it is different from those situations in which the two alleles show an additive effect, and the phenotype of the heterozygote is intermediate between those expected from the homozygotes.  2, record 6, English, - allelic%20interaction

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

En génétique élémentaire on suppose, pour la simplicité de la chose, que les gènes se comportent comme des unités héréditaires autonomes, qu'il y a interaction entre les allèles d'un même gène, mais non pas entre gènes situés à différents loci. Ce genre de comportement, simple, est celui que l'on pouvait observer dans les expériences de Mendel. En fait le mode d'action d'un grand nombre de gènes est modifié par l'action de gènes situés à d'autres loci. L'expression de nombreux caractères mendéliens, c'est-à-dire du type qualitatif, tels la pigmentation, la forme de la corolle, la couleur du pelage, etc., de même que de nombreux caractères quantitatifs est contrôlée par l'action simultanée d'une série de paires alléliques. On parle d'interaction génique réciproque.  1, record 6, French, - interaction%20g%C3%A9nique%20r%C3%A9ciproque

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An individual that has identical alleles at one or more loci and therefore produces gametes which are all identical. A homozygous individual has the characteristics produced by the allele, even if it is recessive, and will pass it on to all offspring.  2, record 7, English, - homozygote

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Individu dont les allèles paternel et maternel situés sur un même locus sont identiques.  1, record 7, French, - homozygote

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Descriptive of a trait or gene that is expressed in homozygous, but not heterozygous cells; a member of a pair of alleles that does not show its effect in the phenotype in the presence of any other allele.  1, record 8, English, - recessive

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Se dit d'un gène dont la présence dans le génotype ne modifie le phénotype qu'en l'absence de tout allèle dominant. Se dit également du caractère phénotypique produit par ce gène. Ce caractère n'apparaît donc que lorsque le gène existe à l'état homozygote.  2, record 8, French, - r%C3%A9cessif

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Segregation in hybrid offspring can produce many different homozygous pure lines. The number of pure lines which can be produced in the offspring increases geometrically with the number of factors by which the parents differ.  1, record 9, English, - homozygous%20pure%20line

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La ségrégation génétique en cours dans la descendance d'un hybride peut produire un grand nombre de lignées pures homozygotes différentes. Ce nombre s'accroît géométriquement selon le nombre de facteurs différents présents au départ.  1, record 9, French, - lign%C3%A9e%20pure%20homozygote

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A method used in plant genetics for the development of completely homozygous lines from heterozygous parents in a single generation by the production of haploids and subsequent chromosome doubling(double haploids).  3, record 10, English, - double%2Dhaploid%20method

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Technique permettant d'obtenir un individu diploïde à chromosomes appariés à partir d'une cellule haploïde ne possédant qu'un jeu de chromosomes.  4, record 10, French, - haplodiplom%C3%A9thode

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Cette méthode permet de sélectionner des caractères variétaux intéressants sur des plantes haploïdes, puis de doubler le nombre de chromosomes afin d'obtenir une lignée pure.  4, record 10, French, - haplodiplom%C3%A9thode

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Designating a diploid nucleus, cell, or organism that contains two identical alleles for any one gene.  3, record 11, English, - homozygous

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

homozygous : term used at the Canadian Grain Commission.  4, record 11, English, - homozygous

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Se dit d'un sujet qui possède deux gènes allèles identiques sur un locus déterminé de deux chromosomes homologues.  2, record 11, French, - homozygote

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Terme en usage à la Commission canadienne des grains.  3, record 11, French, - homozygote

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[Dícese de un] individuo cuyo genotipo responde a la identidad total o parcial de los pares de alelos.  3, record 11, Spanish, - homocigoto

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The degree or extent to which an individual or a population has two different alleles at corresponding loci for a specific gene.  4, record 12, English, - heterozygosity

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A measure of genetic variation(in contrast to its description in terms of allele frequencies) is the amount of heterozygosity for a gene in a population, which is given by the total frequency of heterozygotes for the gene. If one allele has a very high frequency and all others have frequencies near zero, then there is very little heterozygosity because most individuals are homozygous for the common allele.  1, record 12, English, - heterozygosity

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

In formula, heterozygosity is usually represented by the letter "H".  4, record 12, English, - heterozygosity

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 2 OBS

genetic heterozygosity: Although this term is largely used, it is a pleonasm, since heterozygosity relates to the genes.  4, record 12, English, - heterozygosity

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Proportion qui exprime le taux d'allèles différents pour un gène donné, chez un individu ou pour un ensemble d'individus (population).  3, record 12, French, - h%C3%A9t%C3%A9rozygotie

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Nous présentons les premières données concernant l'estimation de l'hétérozygotie de la population française de vison d'Europe.  1, record 12, French, - h%C3%A9t%C3%A9rozygotie

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Dans les formules, l'hétérozygotie est généralement exprimée par la lettre «H».  3, record 12, French, - h%C3%A9t%C3%A9rozygotie

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 2 OBS

hétérozygotie génétique : Ce syntagme est un pléonasme.  3, record 12, French, - h%C3%A9t%C3%A9rozygotie

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La heterocigosidad es simplemente la proporción de la población que es heterocigótica.  2, record 12, Spanish, - promedio%20de%20heterocigosidad

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Actualmente no hay una teoría matemática completa que prediga con precisión los ritmos de evolución y los niveles de heterocigosidad en las poblaciones naturales.  2, record 12, Spanish, - promedio%20de%20heterocigosidad

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Haploids have one set of chromosomes(n=1), which is the same as a gamete(pollen or egg cell). Haploids can be distinguished from diploids(n=2) by using gene markers which are closely linked with the gene under study so they can be visually detected by their physical characteristics. They are used in plant breeding to obtain pure lines that are homozygous by using colchicine to double the chromosome number, or by relying on spontaneous mutations.  1, record 13, English, - haploid

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Dont les cellules somatiques ne comportent qu'un seul génome.  1, record 13, French, - haplo%C3%AFde

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Dicho de un organismo, de un tejido, de una célula o de un núcleo: que posee un único juego de cromosomas.  1, record 13, Spanish, - haploide

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A character controlled by one member(the dominant allele) of a pair of allelic genes, that appears to the exclusion of a character controlled by the other allelic gene when both genes are present-so that the heterozygote and the homozygous dominant have the same phenotype...  2, record 14, English, - dominant%20character

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

... e.g. the genes controlling red flower colo(u)r and white flower colour in sweet peas constitute a pair of alleles, with the red flower colour dominant over the white.  2, record 14, English, - dominant%20character

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Caractère commandé par l'un des deux membres d'une paire de gènes allélomorphiques (l'allélomorphe dominant).  2, record 14, French, - caract%C3%A8re%20dominant

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

C'est l'aspect qui est apparent, à l'exclusion de l'autre aspect du même caractère commandé par l'autre allélomorphe, lorsque les 2 sont présents. Il en résulte que l'hétérozygote et le dominant homozygote ont le même phénotype. Par ex. les gènes qui commandent la couleur rouge ou blanche des fleurs de pois constituent une paire d'allélomorphes, et la couleur rouge est dominante par rapport à la couleur blanche.  2, record 14, French, - caract%C3%A8re%20dominant

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Carácter que, entre dos alternativas, se manifiesta completamente en el híbrido entre dos líneas puras.  2, record 14, Spanish, - car%C3%A1cter%20dominante

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Of genetically controlled characters and the alleles responsible for their production when the phenotypic expression is associated with alleles in the homozygous state, as opposed to dominant characters and alleles.  2, record 15, English, - recessive

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Se dit d'un caractère ou d'un allèle doué de nécessité.  2, record 15, French, - r%C3%A9cessif

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A strain of an organism that is homozygous because of continued inbreeding.  2, record 16, English, - pure%20line

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Ensemble d'individus descendant d'un ancêtre commun homozygote pour tous les caractères, et n'ayant subi aucune mutation.  2, record 16, French, - lign%C3%A9e%20pure

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An individual that is homozygous at a particular locus, but possesses homologous alleles that have originated from different ancestral sources.  2, record 17, English, - allozygote

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The breeding methods used for barley are essentially the same as those used for any self-pollinated crop and thus are similar to those used for wheat. Conventional barley varieties are homozygous pure lines. This means that the offspring of any plant of a particular variety are identical to that plant and to each other. Any variation within a variety is due to environment and not due to genetic differences.  1, record 18, English, - breeding%20method%20used

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les méthodes de sélection utilisées pour l'orge sont essentiellement les mêmes que celles dont on se sert pour toute plante autogame et elles sont donc semblables aux méthodes utilisées pour le blé. Les variétés d'orge classiques sont des lignées pures homozygotes. Cela signifie que les descendants de toute plante d'une variété particulière sont génétiquement identiques aux parents et entre eux. Les légères différences entre ces individus sont attribuables à l'action du milieu et non pas à des différences génétiques.  1, record 18, French, - m%C3%A9thode%20de%20s%C3%A9lection%20utilis%C3%A9e

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In practice, all progeny of a boar that is homozygous for the marker will have high scores for lean growth and muscle mass. The breeding value and predictability of the results from these boars will be markedly increased. It has proven and significantly positive impact on carcass uniformity and will considerably enhance the mean muscle mass of slaughter pigs.  2, record 19, English, - carcass%20uniformity

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La diversification des modes de présentation et des types de produits fait ainsi émerger de nouvelles exigences qualitatives. De ce fait, les efforts de recherche déployés au cours de ces vingt dernières années pour assurer la sécurité des consommateurs par rapport à la présence d'agents pathogènes ou des substances toxiques, et pour garantir l'homogénéité des carcasses, ne suffisent plus aujourd'hui à la maîtrise de la qualité de la viande de lapin.  2, record 19, French, - homog%C3%A9n%C3%A9it%C3%A9%20des%20carcasses

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 20,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A plant breeding method for obtaining embryos with half the chromosome number followed by doubling using colchicine to produce a homozygous plant.  2, record 20, English, - haploid%20method

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 OBS

of plant breeding  1, record 20, English, - haploid%20method

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Méthode de reproduction des plantes qui permet d'obtenir des individus habloïdes.  2, record 20, French, - haplom%C3%A9thode

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 21,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The development of influenza virus-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursors(CTLp) is diminished in H-2b mice that are homozygous(-/-) for disruption of the H-2IA b gene. Virus clearance was not obviously delayed when compared with the congenic H-2IAb(+/+) controls, and evidence of CTL activity was apparent for inflammatory cells recovered from the respiratory tract in both cases. However, the virus-specific CTLp that are normally present in the regional lymph nodes and in the infected lung were evidently being consumed at the peak of the host response to give the terminally differentiated CTL effectors.  1, record 21, English, - cytotoxic%20T%20lymphocyte%20precursor

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

Record 21,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 22,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The growing of segregating generations of a hybrid of self-pollinated crops in a bulk plot, with or without mass selection, followed by individual plant selection in F 6 or later generations.  1, record 22, English, - bulk%20method%20of%20breeding

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In the bulk method of handling hybrid material the entire population from a cross is grown and harvested in mass each year. Successive crops of seed are sown for five to ten years to allow natural selection for characters, such as cold resistance or insect resistance, to take place. By this time the poorly adapted strains are largely eliminated, while the remaining strains are mostly pure breeding(or homozygous). Plants are then selected, and the progenies tested as previously described.  3, record 22, English, - bulk%20method%20of%20breeding

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Not to be confused with "mass selection".  2, record 22, English, - bulk%20method%20of%20breeding

Record 22,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Dans la méthode "bulk", les hybrides sont cultivés en masse, l'action de la sélection naturelle pouvant être renforcée par une sélection artificielle qui ne peut alors qu'être individuelle.  3, record 22, French, - s%C3%A9lection%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9alogique%20diff%C3%A9r%C3%A9e

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Méthode qui consiste à cultiver la descendance d'un croisement jusqu'à une génération avancée (F5 à F10 suivant les auteurs) avant d'entreprendre la sélection - ne pas confondre avec "sélection massale".  4, record 22, French, - s%C3%A9lection%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9alogique%20diff%C3%A9r%C3%A9e

Record 22,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 23,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Inference about genetic variation can be applied in another way. We know that plant species in particular vary enormously with respect to the sum total of genes, with some species being highly homozygous, others heterozygous.  1, record 23, English, - homozygous%20species

Record 23,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Nous savons que, notamment dans le cas des végétaux, les espèces varient grandement quant à la nature de leur génome, certaines ayant un fort taux d'homozygotie, d'autres étant plus souvent hétérozygotes (Barrett et Kohn, 1990).  2, record 23, French, - esp%C3%A8ce%20homozygote

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Voir aussi la fiche espèce hétérozygote.  1, record 23, French, - esp%C3%A8ce%20homozygote

Record 23,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 24,  Textual support,  French

Record 24,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 25,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 OBS

In the bulk method of handling hybrid material the entire population from a cross is grown and harvested in mass each year. Successive crops of seed are sown for five to ten years to allow natural selection for characters, such as cold resistance or insect resistance, to take place. By this time the poorly adapted strains are largely eliminated, while the remaining strains are mostly true breeding(or homozygous).  3, record 25, English, - bulk%20seed

Record 25,  Textual support,  French

Record 25,  Textual support,  Spanish