TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[That is] perpendicular to the plane of the horizon [when the body is in the anatomical position].  2, record 1, English, - vertical

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

vertical: designation derived from the Terminologia Anatomica.  3, record 1, English, - vertical

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 2 OBS

A01.0.00.001: Terminologia Anatomica identifying number.  3, record 1, English, - vertical

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Qui est perpendiculaire à l'horizon lorsque le corps est en position anatomique.  2, record 1, French, - vertical

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

vertical : désignation dérivée de la Terminologia Anatomica.  2, record 1, French, - vertical

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 2 OBS

A01.0.00.001 : numéro d'identification de la Terminologia Anatomica.  2, record 1, French, - vertical

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Perpendicular al horizonte; que va de arriba abajo o de abajo arriba.  2, record 1, Spanish, - vertical

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

vertical: designación derivada de la Terminología Anatómica.  3, record 1, Spanish, - vertical

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A01.0.00.001: número de identificación de la Terminología Anatómica.  3, record 1, Spanish, - vertical

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[That is] parallel to the plane of the horizon [when the body is in the anatomical position].  2, record 2, English, - horizontal

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

horizontal: designation derived from the Terminologia Anatomica.  3, record 2, English, - horizontal

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 OBS

A01.0.00.002: Terminologia Anatomica identifying number.  3, record 2, English, - horizontal

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Qui est parallèle à l'horizon lorsque le corps est en position anatomique.  2, record 2, French, - horizontal

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

horizontal : désignation dérivée de la Terminologia Anatomica.  2, record 2, French, - horizontal

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 OBS

A01.0.00.002 : numéro d'identification de la Terminologia Anatomica.  2, record 2, French, - horizontal

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Paralelo al horizonte.  2, record 2, Spanish, - horizontal

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

horizontal: designación derivada de la Terminología Anatómica.  3, record 2, Spanish, - horizontal

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 OBS

A01.0.00.002: número de identificación de la Terminología Anatómica.  3, record 2, Spanish, - horizontal

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Perspective projection in which an object is represented on a surface by means of lines from points of the object through the drawing surface to a common point of intersection.  3, record 3, English, - linear%20perspective

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The standard system of geometric perspective. It is based on the actual or imagined construction on the picture plane of a perpendicular grille of parallel lines that converge on the horizon line at vanishing points.  4, record 3, English, - linear%20perspective

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 2 CONT

When a transparent plane is set up between the eye and the object, the points at which the visual rays from the edges of the object pass through the plane can be traced upon the surface of the plane. This tracing (image) is an exact geometric perspective drawing.  5, record 3, English, - linear%20perspective

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

On peut indiquer l'éloignement relatif des objets [...] par un tracé géométrique où les dimensions se réduisent proportionnellement à la distance - c'est ce qu'on appelle la perspective linéaire. Soit un point fixe P appelé «point de vue», [...] et un plan T ne passant par P et qu'on appelle «plan du tableau». La perspective d'un point A sur le plan du tableau T est la trace A' de la droite PA. [...] La perspective linéaire ou conique est la représentation d'un objet obtenue en partant des considérations précédentes, le point P étant l'œil de l'observateur.  2, record 3, French, - perspective%20lin%C3%A9aire

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The main elements of a perspective drawing are the picture plane..., the station point(the position of the observer's eye when he or she is viewing the object), the horizon... the vanishing point or points... and the ground line....  2, record 4, English, - station%20point

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 2 CONT

... the point of observation, at which the rays from the eye to the objects in the scene meet, is called the station point, and the plane on which the view is formed by the piercing points of the visual rays is known as the picture plane (PP).  3, record 4, English, - station%20point

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La ligne d'horizon doit être la première indication dans la construction d'un dessin. Cette ligne va déterminer la justesse du point de vue du dessinateur. Mais ceci n'est valable que si le dessinateur garde, par rapport à l'objet, une position fixe. Cela veut dire qu'après avoir choisi son point de vue, il ne doit plus modifier son champ visuel.  3, record 4, French, - point%20de%20vue

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... the line representing the horizon is the edge view of the horizon plane, which is parallel to the ground plane and passes through SP [station point]. In the perspective,... the horizon is the line of intersection of this plane with the picture plane, and represents the eye level of the observer, or SP.  1, record 5, English, - horizon%20plane

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Perspective Nomenclature... The horizontal plane is known as the plane of the horizon.  2, record 5, English, - horizon%20plane

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Supposons un plan horizontal qui prolongerait notre regard jusqu'à toucher l'image que nous avons devant les yeux. Ce plan horizontal, imaginaire, qui coupe l'objet à une certaine hauteur et qui correspond à la ligne de notre regard, est nommé en perspective plan d'horizon.  1, record 5, French, - plan%20d%27horizon

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The great circle on the celestial sphere whose plane passes through the centre of the earth and is parallel to the sensible horizon.  2, record 6, English, - celestial%20horizon

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

celestial horizon: term officialized by the Department of National Defence.  3, record 6, English, - celestial%20horizon

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Grand cercle de la sphère céleste dont le plan horizontal traverse le centre de la terre et est parallèle à l'horizon observé.  2, record 6, French, - horizon%20c%C3%A9leste

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

horizon céleste : terme uniformisé par le ministère de la Défense nationale.  3, record 6, French, - horizon%20c%C3%A9leste

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Making a large angle with the plane of the horizon : having a side or slope approaching the perpendicular.  3, record 7, English, - steep

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The precipitous sides of mountains.  6, record 7, English, - steep

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 2 CONT

An abrupt peak rising from the ocean.  3, record 7, English, - steep

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Qui est très incliné par rapport au plan horizontal [...]  3, record 7, French, - escarp%C3%A9

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les flancs escarpés des montagnes.  5, record 7, French, - escarp%C3%A9

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Terrain à forte pente.  3, record 7, French, - escarp%C3%A9

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 3 CONT

Montagne à pic.  3, record 7, French, - escarp%C3%A9

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 4 CONT

Une falaise abrupte. Un sentier abrupt.  6, record 7, French, - escarp%C3%A9

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Que termina de forma brusca.  1, record 7, Spanish, - abrupto

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The angle formed with the horizon by a magnetic needle free to rotate in the vertical plane of the magnetic meridian that is 0° at the magnetic equator and 90° at the magnetic poles.  3, record 8, English, - dip

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Angle que forme l'aiguille aimantée avec le plan horizontal.  1, record 8, French, - inclinaison

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

inclinaison : terme uniformisé par le Comité d'uniformisation de la terminologie aéronautique (CUTA) - Opérations aériennes.  2, record 8, French, - inclinaison

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Angle with the horizontal plane formed by a visual ray tangent to the Earth along a horizon line.  3, record 9, English, - dip%20of%20the%20horizon

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Atmospheric refraction generally tends to diminish the dip of the horizon.  3, record 9, English, - dip%20of%20the%20horizon

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Angle que fait avec le plan horizontal un rayon visuel tangent à la Terre le long de la ligne d'horizon.  2, record 9, French, - d%C3%A9pression%20de%20l%27horizon

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Généralement, la réfraction atmosphérique tend à diminuer la dépression de l'horizon.  2, record 9, French, - d%C3%A9pression%20de%20l%27horizon

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Ángulo que forma un rayo visual tangente a la Tierra a lo largo de la línea del horizonte con un plano horizontal.  2, record 9, Spanish, - depresi%C3%B3n%20del%20horizonte

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La refracción atmosférica tiende a disminuir la depresión del horizonte.  2, record 9, Spanish, - depresi%C3%B3n%20del%20horizonte

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A gyroscope that uses the property of gyroscopic rigidity to sense changes in altitude of a machine, such as an airplane; the spinning wheel or rotor is isolated from the airplane by gimbals; when the plane changes from level flight, the gyro remains vertical and gives the pilot an artificial horizon reference.  8, record 10, English, - free%20gyro

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A free (unrestrained and not subject to any outside force) gyroscope is fixed to space... This means the centerline of the axle points to two points of absolute rest, 180 degrees apart, to the Universe or in the up and down direction.  3, record 10, English, - free%20gyro

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

... in order to be free of gravity, gyroscopes can be placed in a Cardan mount, which permits the gyroscopes to remain free of forces exerted on the systems of which they are a part. In the Cardan mount the shaft of a gyroscope wheel is mounted in a gimbal ring, which in turn is mounted in a larger gimbal ring along a diameter that is at right angles to the axis of the wheel.  6, record 10, English, - free%20gyro

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Gyroscope dont la suspension à la cardan est exempte de toute liaison.  3, record 10, French, - gyroscope%20libre

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le conservateur de cap, également appelé directionnel, est un gyroscope libre dont l'axe est orienté horizontalement selon la direction qui lui a été assignée lors de sa mise en rotation.  4, record 10, French, - gyroscope%20libre

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Cardan : Système de suspension dans lequel le corps suspendu conserve une position invariable malgré les oscillations de son support.  5, record 10, French, - gyroscope%20libre

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Cardan : Nom francisé du savant italien Cardano, 1501-1576.  5, record 10, French, - gyroscope%20libre

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Gyroscopes can be used as devices for direction finding, guidance, and control. If a gyroscope, mounted on its gimbal rings, is set spinning about a horizontal axis, and the outer gimbal ring is rotated in a horizontal plane, then the inner gimbal ring, carrying the flywheel, tilts up out of the horizontal plane in which it, too first lay. After a few oscillations, damped out by friction, the axis of spin of the gyroscope settles down along a vertical direction. Inertial guidance systems make use of very similar phenomena. Once a gyroscope has been set spinning about a chosen axis, any motion that would cause it to deviate from this direction calls into existence a torque that can be used as an error signal to control corrective maneuvers... Some of the most important applications of gyroscopic phenomena are in aircraft instruments. A free(perfectly balanced) gyroscope can give a constant indication of a chosen reference direction for checking the correct course, and a gravitationally loaded gyroscope can be used to identify the true vertical at all times and so define an artificial horizon against which the pilot can measure the angles of bank and climb.  2, record 11, English, - gyroscopic%20phenomenon

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le gyroscope construit par Foucault 1852 est un appareil qui dérive de son pendule. Comme lui, il met en évidence les effets de la rotation de la terre. Il est constitué d'une masse lourde, appelée rotor, en mouvement de rotation rapide autour d'un axe restant fixe dans un référentiel galiléen. Le gyroscope se caractérise par un moment cinétique élevé. Il existe des gyroscopes dont l'axe en rotation est lié à l'armature de l'appareil par deux axes et d'autres reliés à un seul axe. On retrouve le phénomène gyroscopique dans des jouets tels que les toupies. Il est utilisé dans des appareils appelés compas gyroscopiques servant au guidage des missiles, des avions et des satellites.  2, record 11, French, - ph%C3%A9nom%C3%A8ne%20gyroscopique

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The rotor of the air-driven gyro is mounted in a sealed housing. Filtered air is brought into the gyro housing through passages in the rear pivot, the gimbal ring, and the side pivots. The air then blows against the rotor through two angled nozzles on opposite sides of the housing. The circumference of the rotor is machined with dozens of little bucket-like cutouts which allow the airflow to spin the rotor like a waterwheel (but a whole lot faster). Having done its work, the air then exits through exhaust ports on the lower part of the sealed gyro housing, whereupon it is sucked out of the instrument case by the vacuum pump.  3, record 12, English, - gyro%20housing

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Attitude indicator components(vacuum-driven). The rotor, mounted in a sealed housing, spins in a horizontal plane about the vertical axis. The housing pivots about the lateral axis on a gimbal, which in turn is free to pivot about the longitudinal axis. The instrument case is the third gimbal necessary for universal mounting. The horizon bar is linked to the gyro by a lever, attached to a pivot on the rear of the gimbal frame and connected to the gyro housing by a guide pin.  5, record 12, English, - gyro%20housing

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

On appellera «carter» le solide [...] qui porte le gyro au moyen de paliers A et A'. Cette dénomination de carter est parfaitement adaptée puisque le gyro doit être protégé des poussières et régulé en température. De plus la grande vitesse de rotation présente un danger pour l'environnement extérieur. [...] Le carter s'appelle aussi «élément sensible», car c'est lui qui reçoit directement les effets du gyro et lui seul est vraiment observable. Sa structure sera donc agrémentée d'équipements divers : moteur d'entraînement du gyro, alimentation électrique de ce moteur, capteur de vitesse angulaire axiale [...]  8, record 12, French, - carter

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Gyroscopes libres. Le problème consiste à suspendre la toupie en minimisant l'incertitude [delta]C sur le couple qui lui est appliqué. [...] des recherches technologiques ont favorisé l'apparition de multiples réalisations parmi lesquelles on peut citer : la suspension par cardan [...]; la suspension par flottaison; la poussée d'Archimède, agissant sur les anneaux de cardan et sur un carter étanche renfermant la toupie, soulage les paliers, qui peuvent alors être équipés d'ensembles pivot-rubis; [...]  9, record 12, French, - carter

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 3 CONT

Un gyromètre est un capteur électromécanique, dont le carter (élément sensible) [...] possède un degré de liberté en rotation (autour de l'axe X de sortie), par rapport à un boîtier dont on veut mesurer l'angle de rotation autour d'un axe dit d'entrée Y.  10, record 12, French, - carter

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Ne pas confondre avec le boîtier.  11, record 12, French, - carter

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Terrain can influence the transport and diffusion of hazardous gases to a critical degree .... Channelling of winds along valleys can lead to transport of gases with restricted lateral diffusion for considerable distances.  3, record 13, English, - horizontal%20diffusion

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

horizontal : parallel to the plane of the horizon; not vertical.  4, record 13, English, - horizontal%20diffusion

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 2 OBS

diffusion: The permeation of one substance through another, such as gas through gas, liquid, or solid; solute through solvent; liquid through liquid or solid; sand finally solid through solid.  5, record 13, English, - horizontal%20diffusion

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Une cheminée est une source ponctuelle de gaz émis de façon continue [...] A) Formule de Bosanquet-Pearson. Dans le cas d'une source ponctuelle de débit constant, [...] l'équation de diffusion s'écrit : [...]. Bosanquet et Pearson intègrent cette équation en considérant successivement l'effet de la diffusion verticale et de la diffusion horizontale [...].  3, record 13, French, - diffusion%20horizontale

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[...] une diffusion entre des corps possédant à peu près la même stabilité et, pratiquement, dans une même zone horizontale [...]  3, record 13, French, - diffusion%20horizontale

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

case: The structure which provides the mounting surfaces and establishes the reference axes.  4, record 14, English, - case

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Attitude indicator components(vacuum-driven). The rotor, mounted in a sealed housing, spins in a horizontal plane about the vertical axis. The housing pivots about the lateral axis on a gimbal, which in turn is free to pivot about the longitudinal axis. The instrument case is the third gimbal necessary for universal mounting. The horizon bar is linked to the gyro by a lever, attached to a pivot on the rear of the gimbal frame and connected to the gyro housing by a guide pin.  5, record 14, English, - case

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Un gyroscope est essentiellement constitué d'un solide de révolution animé d'un mouvement de rotation rapide autour de son axe de symétrie. Le solide de révolution est appelé rotor ou toupie gyroscopique. Dans un grand nombre de cas d'utilisation concrète, le rotor doit pouvoir prendre n'importe quelle position dans l'espace. À cet effet on rend le rotor solidaire du boîtier qui le contient au moyen d'un système de deux cadres mobiles l'un par rapport à l'autre.  4, record 14, French, - bo%C3%AEtier%20du%20gyroscope

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Les appareils gyroscopiques [...] nécessitent généralement un moteur pour entretenir un état permanent de l'élément sensible (amplitude de la vibration, vitesse de rotation de la toupie) et compenser les pertes internes, par frottement, du dispositif. La qualité de l'appareil ainsi constitué, composé d'un boîtier, d'un élément sensible, d'un moteur et d'un détecteur angulaire, est caractérisée par sa performance de stabilité angulaire.  1, record 14, French, - bo%C3%AEtier%20du%20gyroscope

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 3 CONT

Un gyromètre est un capteur électromécanique, dont le carter (élément sensible) S2 possède un degré de liberté en rotation (autour de l'axe X de sortie), par rapport à un boîtier dont on veut mesurer l'angle de rotation autour d'un axe dit d'entrée Y.  5, record 14, French, - bo%C3%AEtier%20du%20gyroscope

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Ne pas confondre avec carter.  6, record 14, French, - bo%C3%AEtier%20du%20gyroscope

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The mode of operation of a vertical gyro in which the gyro is being erected or slaved initially.  2, record 15, English, - initial%20erection

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Gyroscopic instruments... Once the artificial horizon line is aligned with the natural horizon of the earth during initial erection, the artificial horizon is kept horizontal by the gyro on which it is mounted. An erection mechanism automatically rights the gyro when precession occurs due to maneuvers or friction. When the older-type gyro tumbles as a result of extreme attitude changes, the rotor normally precesses slowly back to the horizontal plane. Even an attitude indicator in perfect condition can give slight erroneous readings. Small errors due to acceleration and deceleration are not significant because the erection device corrects them promptly; nonetheless, the pilot should be aware of them...  3, record 15, English, - initial%20erection

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The initial erection rate is usually relatively high.  4, record 15, English, - initial%20erection

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The basic attitude sensor was the three-gyro inertial reference package. It contained two air-tight integrating gyro units to sense pitch and yaw, and one miniature integrating gyro unit to sense roll. The pitch and roll gyros were torqued by signals obtained by two Barnes mod IIA infrared horizon sensors. Gyrocompassing oriented the vehicle to an orbit plane yaw reference by detecting a component of the programmed pitch rate through the roll horizon sensor. The geocentric pitch rate(typically 4 deg/min, for a low-altitude orbit) was programmed as a constant torque to the pitch gyro. This pitch component, if a yaw error was present, would be sensed differentially when compared with the roll components of the two horizon-sensor heads. The differential would be seen as a function of yaw error.  2, record 16, English, - roll%20component

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 2 CONT

During heading align, the rotor of the resolver is positioned so that it transforms the N-S and E-W liquid level signals into pitch and roll components which are referenced to heading. The pitch component is amplified, demodulated and summed with amplified and demodulated feedback signals from the VG [vertical gyro] roll and pitch pickoffs and the pitch synchro. The combined signal is then modulated, amplified and converted to DC [direct current] to drive the platform pitch gimbal torque motor until the input signals are nulled.  1, record 16, English, - roll%20component

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Durant l'alignement sur le cap, le rotor du résolver est mis en position de telle sorte qu'il transforme les signaux des niveaux à liquide N.-S. et E.-O. en composantes de tangage et de roulis en référence au cap. La composante de tangage est amplifiée, démodulée et composée avec des signaux de réaction amplifiés et démodulés venant des capteurs de roulis et de tangage du VG [gyroscope directionnel] et du synchro de tangage. Ce signal composé est alors modulé, amplifié et converti en courant continu pour entraîner le moteur couple du cardan de tangage de la plate-forme jusqu'à ce que les signaux d'entrée soient annulés.  2, record 16, French, - composante%20en%20roulis

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Il s'agit de la rotation galiléenne mais [...] la rotation à annuler quand on souhaite obtenir un pointage Terre parfait est la rotation relative au repère orbital de composantes en roulis, tangage et lacet.  1, record 16, French, - composante%20en%20roulis

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The basic attitude sensor was the three-gyro inertial reference package. It contained two air-tight integrating gyro units to sense pitch and yaw, and one miniature integrating gyro unit to sense roll. The pitch and roll gyros were torqued by signals obtained by two Barnes mod IIA infrared horizon sensors. Gyrocompassing oriented the vehicle to an orbit plane yaw reference by detecting a component of the programmed pitch rate through the roll horizon sensor. The geocentric pitch rate(typically 4 deg/min, for a low-altitude orbit) was programmed as a constant torque to the pitch gyro. This pitch component, if a yaw error was present, would be sensed differentially when compared with the roll components of the two horizon-sensor heads. The differential would be seen as a function of yaw error.  2, record 17, English, - pitch%20component

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 2 CONT

During heading align, the rotor of the resolver is positioned so that it transforms the N-S and E-W liquid level signals into pitch and roll components which are referenced to heading. The pitch component is amplified, demodulated and summed with amplified and demodulated feedback signals from the VG [vertical gyro] roll and pitch pickoffs and the pitch synchro. The combined signal is then modulated, amplified and converted to DC [direct current] to drive the platform pitch gimbal torque motor until the input signals are nulled.  3, record 17, English, - pitch%20component

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Durant l'alignement sur le cap, le rotor du résolver est mis en position de telle sorte qu'il transforme les signaux des niveaux à liquide N.-S. et E.-O. en composantes de tangage et de roulis en référence au cap. La composante de tangage est amplifiée, démodulée et composée avec des signaux de réaction amplifiés et démodulés venant des capteurs de roulis et de tangage du VG [gyroscope directionnel] et du synchro de tangage. Ce signal composé est alors modulé, amplifié et converti en courant continu pour entraîner le moteur couple du cardan de tangage de la plate-forme jusqu'à ce que les signaux d'entrée soient annulés.  2, record 17, French, - composante%20en%20tangage

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 2 CONT

[...] il s'agit de la rotation galiléenne mais [...] la rotation à annuler quand on souhaite obtenir un pointage Terre parfait est la rotation relative au repère orbital de composantes en roulis, tangage et lacet.  1, record 17, French, - composante%20en%20tangage

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In the attitude indicator, the gyro wheel is mounted horizontally and spins about its vertical axis. It is mounted in a universal gimbal ring system, free about both the pitching and rolling axes of the airplane and is therefore able to remain spinning in a horizontal plane parallel to the true horizon, regardless of the rolling or pitching movements of the airplane around it.  1, record 18, English, - universal%20gimbal%20ring%20system

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le rotor de l'horizon artificiel est monté horizontalement et tourne autour de son axe vertical. Il est fixé à un système de cardan universel, libre autour des axes de tangage et de roulis. Il est donc capable de maintenir une rotation sur le plan horizontal, parallèle à l'horizon naturel, indépendamment des mouvements de roulis et de tangage exécutés par l'avion autour de lui.  1, record 18, French, - syst%C3%A8me%20de%20cardan%20universel

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 DEF

(level landform) any land area visually parallel to the plane of the horizon.  1, record 19, English, - flat%20landform

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 2 DEF

(flat topography) flat land with minor undulations and gentle slopes.  4, record 19, English, - flat%20landform

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS

While theoretically possible, there is no such entity as a perfectly level landform in the exterior environment because all ground has some degree of slope even if imperceptibly small ... It should also be pointed out that some people distinguish "level" landform from "flat", although most lay people and dictionary definitions use them as synonymous and interchangeable terms.  1, record 19, English, - flat%20landform

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 20,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The angle of the sun above the horizon measured in a vertical plane.  4, record 20, English, - solar%20altitude

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Angle du soleil au-dessus de l'horizon, mesuré dans un plan vertical.  2, record 20, French, - hauteur%20du%20soleil

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 21,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In Fig. 875 the lines ... are perpendicular to the plane of projection, and project as parallel inclined lines ... in the oblique projection. These lines on the drawing are called the receding lines. As we have seen ..., they may be any length, from zero to infinity, depending upon the direction of the line of sight.  2, record 21, English, - receding%20line

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The main elements of a perspective drawing are the picture plane..., the station point..., the horizon..., the vanishing point or points(a point or points on the horizon where all the receding lines converge), and the ground line....  3, record 21, English, - receding%20line

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Ligne fuyante, dans un dessin ou une peinture, perspective d'une ligne non parallèle au plan figuratif.  2, record 21, French, - fuyante

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Perspectives cavalières [...] Les arêtes perpendiculaires au plan de projection se projettent suivant des arêtes parallèles, appelées «fuyantes».  3, record 21, French, - fuyante

Record 21,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 22,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The ground line is the line of intersection of the ground plane and the picture plane.  2, record 22, English, - ground%20line

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The main elements of a perspective drawing are the picture plane..., the station point..., the horizon..., the vanishing point or points..., and the ground line(the base line of the picture plane and object).  3, record 22, English, - ground%20line

Record 22,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Ligne droite horizontale sur laquelle est fondé le calcul de la perspective; la ligne d'horizon lui est parallèle.  2, record 22, French, - ligne%20de%20terre

Record 22,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 23,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A sextant used especially in aerial navigation in which the image of the heavenly body being observed is brought to the edge of a bubble instead of to the sea horizon, the bubble appearing in its proper position in the field of view only when the sextant is held so that its zero plane is the observer's horizontal plane.  1, record 23, English, - bubble%20sextant

Record 23,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Si la précision moyenne du sextant de marine est de l'ordre de la minute (...) celle du sextant à bulle ne dépasse guère 10' (point fait à 15 km près environ).  2, record 23, French, - sextant%20%C3%A0%20bulle

Record 23,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 24,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[The astronomic horizon is] A great circle on the celestial sphere formed by the intersection of the celestial sphere and a plane passing through any point(such as the eye of the observer) and perpendicular to the zenith-nadir line; the plane that passes through the observer's eye and is perpendicular to the zenith at that point.  1, record 24, English, - astronomic%20horizon

Record 24,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le grand cercle de la sphère céleste (...) dont le plan est perpendiculaire à la verticale s'appelle "horizon astronomique" ou "rationnel".  1, record 24, French, - horizon%20astronomique

Record 24,  Textual support,  Spanish