TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A biofertilizer is a substance which contains living micro-organisms which, when applied to seeds, plant surfaces, or soil, colonize the rhizosphere or the interior of the plant and promote growth by increasing the supply or availability of primary nutrients to the host plant.  2, record 1, English, - biofertilizer

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

biofertilizer: term extracted from the "Glossaire de l’agriculture" and reproduced with permission of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.  3, record 1, English, - biofertilizer

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

biofertilisant : terme extrait du «Glossaire de l'agriculture» et reproduit avec l'autorisation de l'Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques.  2, record 1, French, - biofertilisant

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Both the leaf and root microbiota contain bacteria that provide indirect pathogen protection, but root microbiota members appear to serve additional host functions through the acquisition of nutrients from soil for plant growth. Thus, the plant microbiota emerges as a fundamental trait that includes mutualism enabled through diverse biochemical mechanisms, as revealed by studies on plant growth–promoting and plant health–promoting bacteria.  2, record 2, English, - root%20microbiota

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Land plants host rich and diverse microbial communities in the thin layer of soil adhering to the roots, i.e., the rhizosphere, and within the root tissues, designated rhizosphere and root microbiota, respectively.  3, record 2, English, - root%20microbiota

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Une partie importante du carbone fixé par les feuilles par la photosynthèse est secrétée par les racines dans la rhizosphère sous forme de molécules organiques. Ces exsudats racinaires représentent entre 5 à 30 % des produits de la photosynthèse [...] Ils nourrissent une importante communauté microbienne à l'interface sol-racine : le microbiote racinaire.  2, record 2, French, - microbiote%20racinaire

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Heterodera schachtii... is sexually dimorphic. Females, when visible on plant roots, are white, lemon-shaped and partially enclosed in root tissue. When a female dies, her body becomes a cyst and darkens to a brownish-black. Cysts detach from host roots easily and remain in the soil, containing as many as 600 eggs. Males and juveniles are vermiform and found in the soil. Males are often twisted through 90-180 degrees when heat relaxed.  3, record 3, English, - sugar%20beet%20cyst%20nematode

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Rapeseed is a host to sugar beet cyst nematode and thus should not be grown in short rotations that include sugar beets.  4, record 3, English, - sugar%20beet%20cyst%20nematode

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

beet cyst nematode; Heterodera schachtii: terms extracted from the “Glossaire de l’agriculture” and reproduced with permission of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.  5, record 3, English, - sugar%20beet%20cyst%20nematode

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le colza peut servir d'hôte au nématode de la betterave; il faut donc éviter de le cultiver en rotations courtes avec la betterave à sucre.  2, record 3, French, - n%C3%A9matode%20de%20la%20betterave

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

nématode de la betterave; Heterodera schachtii : termes extraits du «Glossaire de l’agriculture» et reproduits avec l’autorisation de l’Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques.  3, record 3, French, - n%C3%A9matode%20de%20la%20betterave

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Heterodera schachtii es un nematodo que parasita raíces de remolacha azucarera, otras quenopodiáceas y crucíferas. Forma quistes que permanecen adheridos a las raíces o en el suelo circundante.  2, record 3, Spanish, - nematodo%20de%20la%20remolacha

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Within the Single Market, plant health checks are focused on the place of production. There are no border checks for plants and plant products travelling between EC [European Community] member states, although spot checks may take place anywhere in the trade chain. A limited range of material which host the most serious ’quarantine’ pests and diseases requires a plant passport to facilitate its movement. Where required, a passport is needed both for movements within and between member states, and additional requirements apply for movements into and within EC Protected Zones.  2, record 4, English, - plant%20passport

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The plant passport, for material to be brought into circulation in Switzerland, was introduced in 2001. This according to the bilateral agricultural agreement with the EC [European Community] of 1999. Plant material which is classified as potential host of specially dangerous organisms has to be issued a plant passport.  3, record 4, English, - plant%20passport

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le passeport phytosanitaire est le document qui atteste que les plants [...] répondent aux exigences relatives aux parasites de quarantaine décrites dans la directive européenne 2000/24/CEE et leur permet de circuler librement dans l'Union Européenne.  2, record 4, French, - passeport%20phytosanitaire

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Avec l'entrée en vigueur imminente de nouvelles dispositions phytosanitaires, les végétaux d'espèces ornementales et maraîchères destinés à la plantation ne pourront dorénavant être mis en circulation qu'accompagnés d'un passeport phytosanitaire. [...] Les végétaux pour lesquels le passeport est requis peuvent être porteurs de ravageurs et de maladies nuisibles particulièrement dangereux pour les plantes (organismes de quarantaine). Le passeport phytosanitaire constitue une garantie de qualité au plan phytosanitaire.  3, record 4, French, - passeport%20phytosanitaire

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

passeport phytosanitaire : terme extrait du «Glossaire de l’agriculture» et reproduit avec l’autorisation de l’Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques.  4, record 4, French, - passeport%20phytosanitaire

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The tomato pinworm(TPW) [Keiferia lycopersicella(Walsingham) ] is primarily a pest in tropical and subtropical areas of the world... Solanaceous crops such as tomato, potato, and eggplant are the preferred host plants of TPW... The tomato pinworm attacks both the leaves and fruits of tomato. Tunnelling or mining by larvae in the leaves is the most common type of injury. Initially, the mine is long and narrow, but it later widens to become blotch-shaped. Older larvae may fold the leaf over itself, or knit 2 leaves together, between which they continue to feed, causing large blotches. In severe infestations, all leaves on a plant are attacked giving the crop a burnt appearance.  4, record 5, English, - tomato%20pinworm

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La mineuse de la tomate [Keiferia lycopersicella (Walsingham)] est essentiellement un ravageur des régions tropicales et subtropicales de la planète [...] Les cultures de la famille des solanacées, comme la tomate, la pomme de terre et l'aubergine, sont les plantes hôtes de prédilection [...] La mineuse de la tomate s'attaque également aux feuilles et aux fruits de la tomate. Les galeries que ses larves creusent à l'intérieur des feuilles sont les lésions les plus communes. Au début, la galerie est longue et étroite, mais elle s'élargit ensuite et prend la forme d'une tache boursouflée. Vers la fin de leur développement, les larves replient parfois les feuilles en deux ou tissent deux feuilles ensemble, entre lesquelles elles continuent de se nourrir, provoquant l'apparition de larges taches. Lorsque l'infestation est grave, toutes les feuilles sont attaquées, ce qui donne aux plants un aspect «grillé».  2, record 5, French, - mineuse%20de%20la%20tomate

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Bouleversement du comportement reproducteur de la mineuse de la tomate (Keiferia lycopersicella) dans la culture de tomates en serre.  3, record 5, French, - mineuse%20de%20la%20tomate

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A common weed of cultivated crops, annual sow thistle acts as a host to aphids, several viral diseases, and nematodes. Rapid germination combined with wind dispersal of seeds allows annual sow thistle to invade both native plant communities and disturbed sites quickly.  10, record 6, English, - annual%20sow%2Dthistle

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[The] leaves ... usually have a mild agreeable flavour especially in the spring. They can be added to salads, cooked like spinach or used in soups, etc.  6, record 6, English, - annual%20sow%2Dthistle

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 2 OBS

annual sow-thistle: preferred common name in the Inventory of Canadian Agricultural weeds (2003).  11, record 6, English, - annual%20sow%2Dthistle

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le laiteron des maraîchers est une plante annuelle de 30 à 100 cm de hauteur, à la tige dressée, cannelée, creuse et peu ramifiée. Les feuilles caulinaires sont sessiles, ovales-allongées et divisées en segments dentés-épineux non piquants. Elles embrassent la tige par deux oreillettes aiguës et étalées.  5, record 6, French, - laiteron%20potager

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Cette plante est très commune dans les endroits cultivés et dans les décombres et c'est une «mauvaise herbe» très répandue dans les jardins.  6, record 6, French, - laiteron%20potager

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Les feuilles sont consommées cuites ou en salade.  5, record 6, French, - laiteron%20potager

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 3 OBS

laiteron potager : nom à privilégier selon l'Inventaire des mauvaises herbes du Canada (2003).  7, record 6, French, - laiteron%20potager

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Hierba anual con tallos débiles, que exuda látex si se la hiere. Hojas de forma variable, generalmente con los bordes recortados. Flores amarillas, agrupadas en capítulos de unos 2 cm de diámetro.  1, record 6, Spanish, - cerraja

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

House plant native to India of the family Moraceae. It becomes a very tall tree with a broad crown and arching branches in its native hatitat. It germinates on other trees, puts down long aerial roots around the host plan which dies eventually. As a house plant it grows to 2, 5 m(8 ft.). It has pendulous twigs and leaves which give him a graceful appearance.  4, record 7, English, - weeping%20fig

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Petit arbre gracieux pour décoration intérieure de la famille des Moracées. Originaire des Indes et de la Malaisie il atteint dans son habitat naturel une très grande taille. Il germe sur un arbre hôte, produit ensuite des racines aériennes qui se fixent au sol et constituent autant de piliers soutenant les grosses branches horizontales. L'arbre hôte meurt étouffé.  2, record 7, French, - figuier%20pleureur

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

black-backed flea beetle: Actually a misnomer, according to Laurent Lesage, entomologist with Agriculture Canada. This beetle is rather yellow in aspect with only a small black spot on the back. Moreover there are two other species of the same genus (Aphthona) that are also "black" in appearance.  2, record 8, English, - black%2Dbacked%20flea%20beetle

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 2 OBS

In English, the common names of insects often describe the physical appearance of the species, e. g. black-backed beetle, hop flea beetle, whereas in French, the common names often reflect a close association between the insect with the host plant e. g. charançon du riz.  2, record 8, English, - black%2Dbacked%20flea%20beetle

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

altise : nom commun à plusieurs genres de coléoptères qui s'attaquent aux plantes potagères et à la vigne.  1, record 8, French, - altise%20de%20l%27euphorbe

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 2 OBS

euphorbe : retrouvée dans la prairie, cette plante aux fleurs minuscules réunies en inflorescences est typique de la famille des euphorbiacées.  1, record 8, French, - altise%20de%20l%27euphorbe

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 3 OBS

Équivalent proposé par un entomologue du ministère de l'Agriculture Canada.  1, record 8, French, - altise%20de%20l%27euphorbe

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The ash leaf cone roller moth(Caloptilia fraxinella) is a moth of the Gracillariidae family. They mine the leaves of their host plant. The larvae form a typical leaf cone. The species is atypical for the Caloptilia genus in that the larva pupates within the leaf cone, in a suspended silken cocoon.  2, record 9, English, - ash%20leaf%20cone%20roller

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Insecte (ordre des lépidoptères) de la famille des Gracillariidae.  2, record 9, French, - enrouleuse%20des%20feuilles%20de%20fr%C3%AAne

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A teliospore-producing sorus or pustule on the host plant of a rust fungus.  1, record 10, English, - telium

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

telia: plural  2, record 10, English, - telium

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Organe des champignons de l'ordre des Urédinales (rouilles), producteur de téleutospores.  1, record 10, French, - t%C3%A9leutosore

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The therapeutic use of bacteriophages to treat pathogenic bacterial infections.  4, record 11, English, - phage%20therapy

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Bacteriophages are much more specific than antibiotics, so they can hypothetically be chosen to be indirectly harmless not only to the host organism(human, animal, or plant), but also to other beneficial bacteria, such as gut flora, reducing the chances of opportunistic infections. They would have a high therapeutic index, that is, phage therapy would be expected to give rise to few side effects. Because phages replicate in vivo, a smaller effective dose can be used. On the other hand, this specificity is also a disadvantage : a phage will only kill a bacterium if it is a match to the specific strain. Consequently phage mixtures are often applied to improve the chances of success, or samples can be taken and an appropriate phage identified and grown.  4, record 11, English, - phage%20therapy

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La phagothérapie est l'utilisation de virus bactériophages (simplement appelés bactériophages ou même phages) lytiques afin de traiter certaines maladies infectieuses d’origine bactérienne.  2, record 11, French, - phagoth%C3%A9rapie

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 2 CONT

La phagothérapie est l'usage de virus qui possèdent la particularité de n'infecter que les bactéries (et pas les cellules humaines), pour traiter les infections bactériennes. Ces bactériophages lytiques ont la capacité de reconnaître une bactérie spécifique, de l'infecter, de l'utiliser pour se multiplier in situ, et de la faire éclater en libérant les nouveaux phages produits (environ 100 phages pour une bactérie). Les phages disparaissent lorsque l'infection bactérienne est jugulée. Chaque phage n'infecte qu'un sous-groupe donné au sein d'une espèce bactérienne. Cette stratégie permet donc de n'attaquer que la bactérie pathogène contrairement aux antibiotiques à large spectre.  3, record 11, French, - phagoth%C3%A9rapie

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Fungicides are specifically developed to kill the fungus that infects the grass plant itself and in most cases can eventually kill the host. Some fungicides target a specific fungus and knowing which one you have as the invader is important.  3, record 12, English, - turf%20fungicide

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 2 OBS

There are three main types of fungicides and each has its advantages. The granular type is spread over the lawn and take a little longer to work and some infestations require a longer acting product. Some are powders, which can be mixed with water and applied through a sprayer. Liquids are also used in the water sprayer method.  3, record 12, English, - turf%20fungicide

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Pesticide dont la propriété est de contrôler, repousser ou détruire les champignons, susceptibles de se développer sur les surfaces gazonnées.  2, record 12, French, - fongicide%20pour%20gazon

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Host : Chinch bugs attack a variety of forage, lawn, and wild grasses. The principal crop plants damaged are wheat, corn, sorghum, oats, etc. Symptoms : The chinch bug pierces the plant with its moth parts and sucks out the plant sap. This feeding prevents normal growth and results in dwarfing, lodging, and yield reduction. Severe infestations during early development may cause plants to wilt and die prematurely. Most injury is caused by the six nymphal instars.  3, record 13, English, - chinch%20bug

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[A] small (about 1/8th inch (3-4 mm)) North American insect in the order Hemiptera and family Lygaeidae.  2, record 13, English, - chinch%20bug

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 2 OBS

chinch bug; chinchbug: terms used at Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada.  4, record 13, English, - chinch%20bug

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La punaise des céréales provoque sur la pelouse des taches jaunes qui s'agrandissent au fil de la saison. Elle aspire la sève des graminées. Elle passe l'hiver dans les haies, buissons, au bord des routes et près des maisons.  2, record 13, French, - punaise%20des%20c%C3%A9r%C3%A9ales

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Insecte de la famille des Lygaeidae.  3, record 13, French, - punaise%20des%20c%C3%A9r%C3%A9ales

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 2 OBS

punaise des céréales : terme en usage à Agriculture et Agroalimentaire Canada.  4, record 13, French, - punaise%20des%20c%C3%A9r%C3%A9ales

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An organism(animal or plant) which lives on or within another organism without causing injury to that organism(the host).  2, record 14, English, - commensal

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Organisme qui vit en association avec un organisme d'une espèce différente, sans nuire ou mettre en danger la vie de ce dernier, appelé l'hôte.  2, record 14, French, - commensal

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Ser vivo que convive con otro organismo huésped.  2, record 14, Spanish, - comensal

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

An insect of the family Tetranychidae.  3, record 15, English, - McDaniel%20spider%20mite

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Host plant : apple, plum, vine, ornamental plants, and more than 30 species of weeds... Damages caused by this pest is very important, particularly when the hot and dry summer favours development of infestations.  4, record 15, English, - McDaniel%20spider%20mite

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Insecte ravageur de la famille des Tetranychidae, qui s'attaque surtout aux pommiers, aux pruniers, aux vignes, ainsi qu'à certaines espèces de plantes ornementales ou nuisibles.  3, record 15, French, - t%C3%A9tranyque%20de%20McDaniel

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The common smut of Indian corn caused by a fungus (Ustilago maydis) and characterized by grayish white swellings that rupture to expose a black spore mass.  10, record 16, English, - corn%20smut

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Like other smut diseases, common smut of corn derives its name from the sooty masses of teliospores found on infected host plants... The most obvious symptoms are tumor-like galls that vary in size from less than 1 cm to more than 30 cm(0. 4-12 inch) in diameter. All meristematic tissues are susceptible to infection. Galls are found most frequently on ears, tassels, stalks, nodal shoots, and mid-ribs of leaves... Even though galls may form on many above-ground parts of the plant, infection is local(i. e., the host is not colonized systemically). Occasionally, galls develop beneath the soil surface when the apical meristem of a young plant is infected.  6, record 16, English, - corn%20smut

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Although Ustilago maydis occurs throughout the world where corn is grown, the occurrence of common smut is localized in Australia where the disease is known as "maize boil smut".  6, record 16, English, - corn%20smut

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Maladie du maïs causée par un champignon pathogène, Ustilago maydis.  2, record 16, French, - charbon%20du%20ma%C3%AFs

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Ustilago maydis attaque principalement les parties des plantes se trouvant en division cellulaire active. Les symptômes sont des sores gris qui apparaissent sur les tiges, les épis, les feuilles ou les inflorescences. Les sores éclatent après un certain temps et des spores brunes à noires sont libérées. Celles-ci peuvent survivre dans le sol pendant au moins 4 ans. Les plantes sont contaminées par des spores se trouvant dans le sol ou l'air.  3, record 16, French, - charbon%20du%20ma%C3%AFs

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

El carbón común del maíz causado por Ustilago maydis, se identifica fácilmente por las agallas tipo tumor que se forman en los tejidos en activo crecimiento. Estas contienen una masa oscura, pulverulenta de teliosporas (esporas del carbón). Las agallas jóvenes se consideran comestibles y en México se conoce a la comida como cuitlacoche (Sin. huitlacoche).  2, record 16, Spanish, - tiz%C3%B3n%20del%20ma%C3%ADz

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Postdoctoral position available September 1995 to investigate the recognition of lipo-chitin nodulation signals. These lipo-chitin molecules are produced by the nitrogen-fixing symbiont, Bradyrhizobium japonicum, and induce de novo organogenesis(i. e., nodule formation) on the roots of the host plant, soybean.  1, record 17, English, - de%20novo%20organogenesis

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La micropagation adventive ou organogenèse de novo implique de réussir à induire, en culture in vitro, la formation de méristèmes végétatifs sur des tissus qui sont initialement dépourvus mais qui présentent, en revanche, l'intérêt d'être disponibles en grande quantité sur une plante (disques foliaires, fragments de tiges, pétales[...]  1, record 17, French, - organogen%C3%A8se%20adventive

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A small structure on certain plants, particularly on the leaves, located in the axils of the primary veins, which forms a shelter for organisms such as insects or fungi.  2, record 18, English, - domatium

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Phylogenetic analysis of representative groups of ants in the subfamily Pseudomyrmecinae indicates that specialized relationships with domatia-bearing plants have evolved independently at least 12 times within the subfamily... In most instances the plant provides some kind of intrinsically hollow, or easily excavated, cavity(domatium) in which the ants keep brood and scale insects(Coccoidea). The ants, in turn, protect the host plant from herbivores and(sometimes) from other competing plants.  3, record 18, English, - domatium

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La coévolution plantes-fourmis. Contre une protection, les plantes fournissent le gîte (domaties : épines, tiges, limbes présentant des cavités) et/ou le couvert (nectar extrafloral; corps nourriciers).  2, record 18, French, - domatie

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS

(Order Lepidoptera : Family Noctuidae) Caterpillars of an owl moth(Noctuidae) defoliated extensive natural stands of mopane trees(Colophospermum mopane) in Namibia during November and December 1997... Mopane is a multi-purpose tree... It is the host plant of the famous "mopane worm" or caterpillar which is a sought after delicacy... The mopane caterpillar is a dietary staple for many people; it is an incredibly important source of protein in a period when there is very little other protein available.  1, record 19, English, - mopane%20worm

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 20,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Species capable, under natural conditions, of sustaining a specific pest or other organism.  3, record 20, English, - host%20range

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 OBS

host range : term and definition extracted from the Plant Health Glossary of Terms of the Canadian Food Inspection Agency.  4, record 20, English, - host%20range

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[Catégorie d']espèces susceptibles d'assurer, dans des conditions naturelles, la survie d'un organisme nuisible déterminé ou d'un autre organisme.  3, record 20, French, - gamme%20de%20plantes%20h%C3%B4tes

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 OBS

gamme de plantes hôtes : terme et définition extraits du Glossaire de la protection des végétaux de l'Agence canadienne d'inspection des aliments.  4, record 20, French, - gamme%20de%20plantes%20h%C3%B4tes

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 21,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A plant other than the main host, on which a pathogen or pest can live... Many rusts also overwinter on alternate hosts...  2, record 21, English, - alternate%20host%20plant

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

An alternate host plant in the life cycle of an organism, e. g. of rusts.  1, record 21, English, - alternate%20host%20plant

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS

alternate host: abridged term  3, record 21, English, - alternate%20host%20plant

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Plante-hôte relais : Ann. Zool. écol. animale, 1972, vol. 4, n° 3.  1, record 21, French, - plante%2Dh%C3%B4te%20interm%C3%A9diaire

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Plante intervenant dans le cycle biologique d'un organisme.  1, record 21, French, - plante%2Dh%C3%B4te%20interm%C3%A9diaire

Record 21,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 22,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Species of mycorrhizal fungus with hyphae that penetrate and live inside the cortical cells of the plant root.  2, record 22, English, - endomycorrhizal%20fungus

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Endomycorrhizal fungus ... grows in the roots of grass and many other plants. It forms a partnership with shrubs and grass. The fungus gives the plants minerals like phosphorus. The plant gives the fungus sugars and other carbohydrates.  3, record 22, English, - endomycorrhizal%20fungus

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 OBS

There are two types of mycorrhizal fungi: ectomycorrhizae and endomycorrhizae. Ectomycorrhizae form sheaths around plant roots, endomycorrhizae enter cortex cells in the roots.  4, record 22, English, - endomycorrhizal%20fungus

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 2 OBS

A mycorrhiza(typically seen in the plural forms mycorrhizae or mycorrhizas, Greek for fungus roots) is the result of a mutualistic association between a fungus and a plant. This mutualism takes place at the root level, where individual hyphae extending from the mycelium of a fungus colonize the roots of a host plant, either intracellularly or extracellularly.  5, record 22, English, - endomycorrhizal%20fungus

Record 22,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Par un ensemble de techniques mises au point chez la légumineuse-modèle [...] on a déterminé le mécanisme cellulaire précis par lequel le champignon endomycorhizien traverse la barrière externe de la racine.  2, record 22, French, - champignon%20endomycorhizien

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[Le terme «endomycorhize» est] composé du préfixe endo- du grec, endon (dedans) et du nom mycorhize (symbiose entre la racine d'une plante et un champignon), qui vient lui aussi du grec par son préfixe myco- de, mycetos (champignon) et son suffixe -rhize de, -rrhizos dérivé de, rhiza (racine, fondement). [L'endomycorhize est la] symbiose entre la racine d'une plante et une colonie de champignons, les hyphes de ces derniers (leurs filaments) s'infiltrant à l'intérieur des cellules racinaires, dans l'espace intracellulaire.  3, record 22, French, - champignon%20endomycorhizien

Record 22,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 23,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An association of a fungus and the root of a plant(usually a tree) in which the fungus forms a sheath around the root and penetrates between the cells of the host.  3, record 23, English, - ectotrophic%20mycorrhiza

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Ectomycorrhiza development influences both plant and fungus gene expression in a pleiotropic manner.  4, record 23, English, - ectotrophic%20mycorrhiza

Record 23,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Association en mycorhize dans laquelle les hyphes des champignons forment une couche serré à la surface des racines d'une plante.  4, record 23, French, - mycorhize%20ectotrophe

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les mycorhizes sont des associations symbiotiques contractées par les racines des végétaux avec certains champignons du sol [...] On distingue plusieurs types de mycorhizes : les endomycorhizes à arbuscules, les ectomycorhizes, et les ectendomycorhizes, ainsi que des mycorhizes arbutoïdes, monotropoïdes et orchidoïdes [...] Les mycorhizes ectotrophes, ou ectomycorhizes, sont des associations où le mycélium progresse entre les cellules du cortex racinaire pour former le réseau intercellulaire de Hartig.  5, record 23, French, - mycorhize%20ectotrophe

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[Dans cette] association en mycorhize [...] les filaments mycéliens s'étendent à l'intérieur des racines, entre les cellules corticales, et à l'extérieur, dans le sol environnant.  4, record 23, French, - mycorhize%20ectotrophe

Record 23,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 24,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Species of mycorrhizal fungus with hyphae that grow only between the cells and over the surface (outside) of the roots, but do not penetrate the plant cell.  5, record 24, English, - ectomycorrhizal%20fungus

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 OBS

There are two types of mycorrhizal fungi: ectomycorrhizae and endomycorrhizae. Ectomycorrhizae form sheaths around plant roots, endomycorrhizae enter cortex cells in the roots.  6, record 24, English, - ectomycorrhizal%20fungus

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 2 OBS

A mycorrhiza(typically seen in the plural forms mycorrhizae or mycorrhizas, Greek for fungus roots) is the result of a mutualistic association between a fungus and a plant. This mutualism takes place at the root level, where individual hyphae extending from the mycelium of a fungus colonize the roots of a host plant, either intracellularly or extracellularly.  7, record 24, English, - ectomycorrhizal%20fungus

Record 24,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Morphologiquement, l'ectomycorhize est plus facile à reconnaître que l'endomycorhize parce que les hyphes (cellules) du champignon ectomycorhizien associé, l'enrobent et forment autour d'elle un tissu fongique coloré (manchon fongique) comparable à une douille qui recouvre et protège la pointe d'un stylo.  3, record 24, French, - champignon%20ectomycorhizien

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Les champignons ectomycorhiziens jouent un rôle très important dans l'absorption, le transfert ou l'immobilisation d'autres éléments minéraux du sol : cuivre, fer, zinc et potassium, ainsi que des métaux lourds présents en excès dans les sols acides (aluminium, cadmium, zinc) qui sont accumulés dans les cordons mycéliens. Les champignons sont de bons détoxificateurs des sols.  4, record 24, French, - champignon%20ectomycorhizien

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Composé du préfixe ectondo- du grec ectos (dehors) et du nom mycorhize (symbiose entre la racine d'une plante et un champignon), qui vient lui aussi du grec par son préfixe myco- de mycetos (champignon) et son suffixe -rhize de -rrhizos dérivé de rhiza (racine, fondement). [L'ectomycorhize est le phénomène de] symbiose entre la racine d'une plante et une colonie de champignons, les hyphes de ces derniers (leurs filaments) s'infiltrant entre les cellules racinaires, dans l'espace intercellulaire.  5, record 24, French, - champignon%20ectomycorhizien

Record 24,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 25,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[A] Fungal-borne potyvirus [that] belongs to the family Potyviridae.  2, record 25, English, - bymovirus

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Bymoviruses are potyvirid plant viruses with a host range limited to monocotyledonous(monocot) plants virus... They are naturally transmitted by the plasmodiophoromycete Polymyxa graminis... Barley yellow mosaic virus(BaYMV) and barley mild mosaic virus(BaMMV) are two members of this genus that cause, often in mixed infection, the economically important yellow mosaic disease of winter barley by mechanical inoculation.  3, record 25, English, - bymovirus

Record 25,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les bymovirus [...] causent de sérieux dégâts à leurs plantes hôtes, entraînant d'importantes pertes de rendement chez les cultures sensibles. A cause de leur transmission par le champignon du sol Polymyxa graminis, les traitements chimiques sont soit inefficaces, soit inacceptables pour des raisons économiques ou écologiques.  2, record 25, French, - bymovirus

Record 25,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 26,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[A plant virus] which has a broad host range, multiplies to high concentration, induces only mild symptoms [and is] not transmitted to invertebrates...  3, record 26, English, - alfalfa%20mosaic%20virus

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 2 OBS

AMV symptoms vary from light, and almost annoticeable, to severe, causing plants to die, due to the diversity of strains of the virus, the cultivar and environmental conditions... AMV causes an interveinal light green or yellow mottle on the leaves and a stunting of the plant.  2, record 26, English, - alfalfa%20mosaic%20virus

Record 26,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Symptômes. Taches jaunes sur le bord des feuilles [et] plages jaunâtres plus importantes sur vieilles feuilles.  2, record 26, French, - virus%20de%20la%20mosa%C3%AFque%20de%20la%20luzerne

Record 26,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 27,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 OBS

In 1994, Canada and the City of Montreal were selected by the International Vocational Training Organization(IVTO) to host the 35th World Skills Competition in 1999. The event was held between November 11-14 at the Olympic Stadium. It involved 1, 800 participants(candidates, experts, delegates, officials and observers) from 34 countries in 40 trade areas. A separate contest area was assembled for each discipline. Inside the contest area, one workstation will be set up for each candidate. In total, 600 workstations were set up inside the Olympic Stadium in over 40 different skilled areas. The stadium was transformed into a multidisciplinary plant containing machine centres, carpenter ships, a computer section, kitchens, a construction site, welding workstations and an automobile section.  1, record 27, English, - 35th%20World%20Skills%20Competition

Record 27,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 OBS

En 1994, l'International Vocational Training Organization (IVTO) choisissait le Canada et la ville de Montréal comme hôtes du 35e Mondial des Métiers en 1999. Cet événement, qui a eu lieu du 11 au 14 novembre au Stade olympique, et a rassemblé 1 800 candidats, experts, délégués, officiels et observateurs provenant de 34 pays et représentant 40 disciplines. Une zone distincte a été préparée pour chaque discipline. Dans chaque zone de compétition, un poste de travail a été organisé pour chaque candidat. Au total, 600 postes seront montés dans le Stade olympique, dans plus de 40 zones spécialisées. Le stade a ainsi été transformé en une usine multidisciplinaire comptant des centres d'usinage, des ateliers de menuiserie, un service d'informatique, des cuisines, un chantier de construction, des stations de soudure et un atelier pour les automobiles.  1, record 27, French, - 35e%20Mondial%20des%20m%C3%A9tiers

Record 27,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 28,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Said of an organism(animal or plant) which lives on or within another organism without causing injury to that organism(the host).  2, record 28, English, - commensal

Record 28,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Qualifie un organisme qui vit en association avec un organisme d'une espèce différente, sans nuire ou mettre en danger la vie de ce dernier, appelé l'hôte.  2, record 28, French, - commensal

Record 28,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[Dícese de un] organismo que se asocia a otro para obtener cierto beneficio, sin que este último resulte perjudicado.  2, record 28, Spanish, - comensal

Record 29,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A plant that supports a parasite habitually dwelling in or upon it.  3, record 29, English, - host%20plant

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... Brimstone larvae eat cabbage, but conventional wisdom is that purging and alder buckthorn are their only food plants.  2, record 29, English, - host%20plant

Record 29,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Organisme [...] végétal qui héberge un parasite.  3, record 29, French, - plante%20h%C3%B4te

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 CONT

À l'opposé, l'étalement des dates de semis d'une culture pérenne peut assurer une hétérogénéité qui limitera le développement dans l'espace d'un déprédateur inféodé à un stade phénologique précis de la plante hôte. Des études en ce sens sont entreprises pour évaluer l'impact économique de cette technique en sylviculture.  4, record 29, French, - plante%20h%C3%B4te

Record 29,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 30,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Any infectious plant disease that occurs sporadically in epidemic proportions.  3, record 30, English, - epiphytotic

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Epiphytotics affect a high percentage of the host plant population, sometimes over a wide area. They may be mild or destructive and local or regional in occurrence.  4, record 30, English, - epiphytotic

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The term epiphytotic is used both to designate an outbreak of plant disease in epidemic proportions and the disease itself. In older texts the word epidemic is used to denote the concept now known as epiphytotic.  5, record 30, English, - epiphytotic

Record 30,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Maladie qui attaque de nombreuses plantes de la même espèce, en un même lieu.  2, record 30, French, - %C3%A9piphytie

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le mildiou de la vigne, la cercosporiose de la betterave, la jaunisse du pois, etc., sont des épiphyties.  2, record 30, French, - %C3%A9piphytie

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Une épiphytie n'est pas une maladie comme telle. Il existe, cependant, de nombreuses maladies, dont l'oïdium, la carie, le mildiou, qui ont tendance à s'attaquer à une population de plantes de façon épidémique. Ces maladies sont alors souvent dénommées des épiphyties.  3, record 30, French, - %C3%A9piphytie

Record 30,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Enfermedad que ataca de modo generalizado a una especie vegetal.  1, record 30, Spanish, - epifitia

Record 31,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Mechanical transmission of viruses is the most widely used method for experimental infection of plants and is usually achieved by rubbing virus-containing preparations into the leaves, which in most plant species are particularly susceptible to infection. However, this is also an important natural method of transmission. Virus particles may contaminate soil for long periods and may be transmitted to the leaves of new host plants as wind-blown dust or as rain-splashed mud.  2, record 31, English, - mechanical%20transmission

Record 31,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Transmission d'un agent pathogène par contact entre tissus ou jus de plante infectés et tissus de plante saine.  1, record 31, French, - transmission%20m%C3%A9canique

Record 31,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 32,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The Habitat Holding Rack(HHR) is a host system that accommodates SSBRP [Space Station Biological Research Project] subrack payloads(that is, habitats) that house biological specimens(e. g. rodent, plant, insect, aquatic, egg, cell and tissue culture, etc.) in a low-acceleration environment on the International Space Station(ISS). The HHR provides the functional support services required by each subrack payload, including structural, mechanical, power, thermal conditioning, data, video, and command and control functions. The HHR also provides a passive vibration control system to protect the payloads from International Space Station(ISS) vibration.  2, record 32, English, - habitat%20holding%20rack

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 OBS

habitat holding rack; HHR: term and abbreviation officially approved by the International Space Station official approval Group (ISSOAG).  3, record 32, English, - habitat%20holding%20rack

Record 32,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le HHR [Habitat Holding Rack] fournit les supports d'expériences ayant trait à la science «du vivant», y compris l'énergie électrique, les transmissions de données et divers autres équipements scientifiques.  3, record 32, French, - b%C3%A2ti%20de%20recherche%20en%20sciences%20de%20la%20vie

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 OBS

bâti de recherche en sciences de la vie; HHR : terme et abréviation uniformisés par le Groupe de travail de la terminologie de la Station spatiale internationale (GTTSSI).  2, record 32, French, - b%C3%A2ti%20de%20recherche%20en%20sciences%20de%20la%20vie

Record 32,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 33,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A flattened and thickened tip of a hyphal branch, formed by some parasitic fungi, that facilitates penetration of the host plant.  2, record 33, English, - appressorium

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 OBS

plural: appressoria.  3, record 33, English, - appressorium

Record 33,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 DEF

appressorium : Renflement de l'extrémité d'un hyphe, ou du tube germinatif d'une spore de champignon se formant au contact de la cuticule du végétal parasité et favorisant l'adhérence du filament avant sa pénétration.  3, record 33, French, - appresseur

Record 33,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 34,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The fixation is made possible through a symbiotic presence of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in certain cells of the host plant.  3, record 34, English, - nitrogen%20fixing%20bacteria

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 OBS

e.g. rhizobia  4, record 34, English, - nitrogen%20fixing%20bacteria

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Bacteria is regularly a plural in scientific and pedagogical use ....  5, record 34, English, - nitrogen%20fixing%20bacteria

Record 34,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Par exemple bactéries du genre rhizobiums  2, record 34, French, - bact%C3%A9ries%20fixatrices%20d%27azote

Record 34,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 35,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Indexing: Process of determining the presence of disease in a plant by transferring inoculum from the plant to another in which diagnostic symptoms develop. The second plant is termed a "test plant" or an "indicator plant".  2, record 35, English, - index%20plant

Record 35,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Plante qui sert d'indicateur pour le dépistage et l'identification des viroses.  1, record 35, French, - plante%20indicateur

Record 35,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 36,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 OBS

According to Laurent Lesage, entomologist with Agriculture Canada, the common term "gall fly" could refer to any insect, not necessarily a "fly" in the true sense of the term, which produces galls in a specific plant. If the recipient of the French translation of this term requires a more "down-to-earth" equivalent, he or she may opt for "mouche du chardon" or "mouche des fruits", depending on the host plant of the insect. If however he or she prefers a more generic term with a scientific flavour, then "téphrite des tiges" or "téphrite gallicole" would be used. Caution must be exercised when the author of the English text is referring to a species in particular(usually the Latin term is provided, e. g. Europhora cardui), in which case a suitable French equivalent would be "téphrite du chardon" or even "mouche du chardon"(depending on the linguistic level dictated by the text), "chardon"(thistle) being the preferred host-plant of this species. Only the Latin term is official; none of the French or English terms are.  2, record 36, English, - gall%20fly

Record 36,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 OBS

téphrite : mouche cosmopolite qui se développe dans les capitules des composées. Nom usuel «mouche du chardon; famille des trypétidés).  2, record 36, French, - t%C3%A9phrite%20gallicole

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 2 OBS

téphrite des tiges, téphrite gallicole : termes proposés par Laurent Lesage, scientifique en entomologie, Agriculture Canada.  1, record 36, French, - t%C3%A9phrite%20gallicole

Record 36,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 37,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Transformation requires an efficient vector to bring about integration of foreign DNA into the host genome. A number of possible vehicles for use in plants are under investigation, including the use of the crown gall tumour inducing Ti plasmid from Agrobacterium tumefaciens, the double-stranded DNA caulimoviruses(e. g. cauliflower mosaic virus), the single-stranded gemini viruses(e. g. bean golden mosaic virus), tandemly repeated plant genes such as those for ribosomal RNA, and the transposable element of maize.  1, record 37, English, - single%2Dstranded%20gemini%20virus

Record 37,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La transformation requiert un vecteur efficace qui permette l'intégration d'ADN étranger dans le génome de l'hôte. Un certain nombre de vecteurs qui pourraient être utilisés dans les végétaux sont à l'étude, et notamment le plasmide Ti d'Agrobaterium tumefaciens, qui induit la tumeur de la galle du collet, les caulimovirus à ADN à double brin (par exemple le virus de la mosaïque du chou-fleur), les virus jumeaux à simple brin (par exemple le virus de la mosaïque jaune du haricot), les gènes végétaux répétés en tandem comme ceux de l'ARN ribosomique et les éléments transposables du maïs.  1, record 37, French, - virus%20jumeau%20%C3%A0%20simple%20brin

Record 37,  Textual support,  Spanish