TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Enzyme of the hydrolase class that catalyze the hydrolytic cleavage of polynucleotides.  2, record 1, English, - endonuclease

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Examples are deoxyribonuclease, endodeoxyribonuclease, and endoribonuclease. Some members of this group are important in the metabolism and repair of DNA and RNA.  2, record 1, English, - endonuclease

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 2 OBS

A specific class of deoxyribonucleases known as restriction endonucleases cleaves DNA at specific nucleotide sequences. These enzymes protect the cells from foreign DNA, but they do not act on the host DNA. They have been used extensively in DNA sequencing and recombinant DNA technology.  2, record 1, English, - endonuclease

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Enzyme qui clive les liaisons internes d'un acide nucléique. [Définition normalisée par l'AFNOR et reproduite avec son autorisation.]  2, record 1, French, - endonucl%C3%A9ase

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Elle peut être spécifique d'un ARN (endoribonucléase) ou d'un ADN (endodésoxyribonucléase) simple ou double brin. [Observation reproduite avec l'autorisation de l'AFNOR.]  2, record 1, French, - endonucl%C3%A9ase

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 2 OBS

endonucléase : terme normalisé par l'AFNOR.  3, record 1, French, - endonucl%C3%A9ase

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Cada una de las enzimas de la clase hidrolasas, que catalizan la escición al azar de uniones fosfodiester de los ácidos nucleicos, en posiciones interiores de la molécula.  2, record 1, Spanish, - endonucleasa

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Formation of one chemical compound from another.  2, record 2, English, - chemical%20synthesis

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

When one wishes to perform site specific mutagenesis on a gene and re-express the mutant genes into altered proteins, several considerations should be taken initially to increase the efficiency of generating mutants. The first step is to construct the gene by chemical synthesis as it allows for the alteration of nucleotide sequence to accommodate changes in the overall design. In the case where host restriction... endonuclease recognition sites of the natural cDNA sequences are not suitable for performing molecular cloning, then it is possible to create additional useful restriction endonuclease recognition sites or alter the pre-existing sites. Because of the degeneracy of the genetic code, a particular amino acid can be specified by more than one, sometimes up to 6 different codons.... A computer program has been devised... which would search upon all these possible combinations of codons, while keeping the original amino acid sequence.  3, record 2, English, - chemical%20synthesis

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Obtention d'une espèce chimique composée à partir des corps simples. Ainsi la combinaison du soufre, corps simple, avec l'oxygène, autre corps simple (par combustion), donne l'anhydride sulfureux, corps composé. C'est une synthèse typique.  2, record 2, French, - synth%C3%A8se%20chimique

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Des études immunologiques, réalisées [...] sur les fragments protéiques immunogènes du virus de la fièvre aphteuse, ont permis d'envisager la mise au point d'un vaccin simple et protecteur. Un peptide contenant les deux principales séquences immunogènes des protéines virales a été produit par synthèse chimique.  3, record 2, French, - synth%C3%A8se%20chimique

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[Plasmids] generally account for only a small fraction of the total host cell DNA, they often carry vital genes, such as those that confer resistance to antibiotics. Because it is so much smaller, plasmid DNA can easily be separated from the DNA of the host cell and purified. For use as cloning vectors, such purified plasmid DNA molecules are cut once with a restriction nuclease and then annealed to the DNA fragment that is to be cloned. The hybrid plasmid DNA molecules produced are then reintroduced into bacteria that have been made transiently permeable to macromolecules. Only some of the treated cells will take up a plasmid. They can be selected by the antibiotic resistance conferred on them by the plasmid since they alone will grow in the presence of antibiotic. As these bacteria divide, the plasmid also replicates to produce an enormous number of copies of the original DNA fragment.  1, record 3, English, - plasmid%20DNA

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La parenté entre les ADN de deux plasmides peut être mesurée par hybridation; il peut s'agir d'hybridation entre plasmides entiers ou entre fragments d'ADN plasmidique après coupure par une endonucléase de restriction. L'ADN non radioactif du premier plasmide est fixé soit entier, soit après fragmentation et séparation par électrophorèse, sur un filtre, et l'hybridation se fait avec l'ADN radioactif préparé avec l'autre plasmide. La mesure de la radioactivité fixée sur le filtre se fait soit par comptage de la radioactivité dans le cas des plasmides entiers, soit par autoradiographie pour les ADN fragmentés. Les plasmides appartenant au même groupe d'incompatibilité ont un très fort pourcentage d'homologie ADN-ADN.  2, record 3, French, - ADN%20plasmidique

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

This is a system comprised of two enzymatic activities: one a restriction endonuclease that cuts DNA and the other, a methylase that modifies DNA at the same sequence. The idea being that the bacteria’s own DNA is modified at the proper sites and hence is protected from the action of the restriction enzyme. However if foreign DNA enters the cell, such as by transformation or by a virus, that DNA is "foreign" and not correctly modified, hence it is a substrate for the restriction enzyme and is cut up into small pieces.  5, record 4, English, - restriction%2Dmodification%20system

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 2 OBS

This "enzyme system" if only found in prokaryotes.  6, record 4, English, - restriction%2Dmodification%20system

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Système de défense des bactéries contre l'infection des bactériophages qui met en jeu deux types d'enzymes, des méthylases (enzymes de modification) et des endonucléases (enzymes de restriction).  3, record 4, French, - syst%C3%A8me%20de%20restriction%2Dmodification

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Lorsque l'ADN d'un phage pénètre dans une bactérie, il est susceptible de rencontrer deux enzymes, une endonucléase (ou enzyme de restriction) et une méthylase (ou enzyme de modification). La plupart du temps c'est l'endonucléase qui agit en premier et coupe l'ADN étranger, qui se trouve ainsi détruit et devient inactif. La bactérie s'est ainsi protégée de l'infection virale.  1, record 4, French, - syst%C3%A8me%20de%20restriction%2Dmodification

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Bacterial defence mechanism requiring the action of methylases and restriction enzymes to protect the cell from invading DNA (such as plasmid or bacteriophage DNA).  3, record 5, English, - host%2Dcontrolled%20restriction

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

This phenomenon of "host-controlled restriction" was first described in the 1950s. Werner Arber, a Swiss microbiologist, subsequently advanced a molecular explanation. He suggested that bacteria cope with phages by "restriction-modification"(genetically-controlled enzymatic reactions).  1, record 5, English, - host%2Dcontrolled%20restriction

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Processus qui met en jeu des enzymes de type endonucléase (enzyme de restriction) et méthylase (enzyme de modification) et qui permet à une bactérie de se défendre contre l'insertion de l'ADN d'un organisme étranger tout en protégeant son propre matériel génétique.  2, record 5, French, - restriction%2Dmodification

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Si le composant antitoxine n'est pas présent (le concept inclut la restriction-modification où des nucléases spéciales attaquent les ADN qui ne sont pas protégés par une enzyme modifiant chimiquement l'ADN pour le protéger) le composant toxine estropie la cellule.  1, record 5, French, - restriction%2Dmodification

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A non-heritable change conferred upon a phage by a second host strain that allows it to be replated on that strain without further restriction.  2, record 6, English, - modification

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish