TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A deployable, task-tailored force normally comprised of a command element, one or more air detachments, an operations-support element, a mission-support element and a force-protection element.  2, record 1, English, - air%20expeditionary%20wing

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The AEW is reserved for open hostilities with a peer enemy and only established for large scale conventional operations.  2, record 1, English, - air%20expeditionary%20wing

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 2 OBS

air expeditionary wing; AEW: designations and definition officially approved by the Joint Terminology Panel; designations officially approved by the Department of National Defence and the Canadian Forces.  3, record 1, English, - air%20expeditionary%20wing

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Force adaptée à une tâche et déployable, comportant un élément de commandement, un ou plusieurs détachements aériens, un élément de soutien des opérations, un élément de soutien de mission et un élément de protection de la force.  2, record 1, French, - escadre%20exp%C3%A9ditionnaire%20a%C3%A9rienne

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

L'EFA est mise sur pied seulement en situation d'hostilité ouverte, en présence d'un ennemi à force égale et pour des opérations conventionnelles d'envergure.  2, record 1, French, - escadre%20exp%C3%A9ditionnaire%20a%C3%A9rienne

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 2 OBS

escadre expéditionnaire aérienne; EEA : désignations et définition uniformisées par le Groupe d'experts en terminologie interarmées; désignations uniformisées par le ministère de la Défense nationale et les Forces canadiennes.  3, record 1, French, - escadre%20exp%C3%A9ditionnaire%20a%C3%A9rienne

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... of precluding the wrongfulness of State conduct not in conformity with one of the rules of the law of war which impose limitations on the belligerents regarding the means and methods of conducting hostilities between them, the general purpose being to attenuate the rigours of war...  3, record 2, English, - law%20of%20war

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Necessity and proportionality have always been core principles of both branches of the jus belli principles that apply to both the authority to employ military force and the regulation of actual employment. However, in the jus ad bellum context, they have never before been viewed as principles to regulate operational and tactical execution. Instead, in that context they frame the legality of national or multinational resort to military force in self-defense. Once the decision is made to employ force pursuant to this authority, the jus in bello variant of these principles (necessity of the mission and proportionality of collateral damage) operate to regulate the application of combat power during mission execution (in other words, they provide the foundation for the regulation of the application of combat power in the context of the self-defense-justified mission).  4, record 2, English, - law%20of%20war

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A temporary cessation of hostilities purely for humanitarian purposes.  1, record 3, English, - humanitarian%20pause

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

This kind of pause requires the agreement of all relevant parties and usually takes place during a defined period of time and in a specific geographic area.  2, record 3, English, - humanitarian%20pause

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La pause humanitaire permettrait de réunir les conditions nécessaires pour répondre à deux impératifs cruciaux. Premièrement, le passage en toute sécurité de tous les civils désireux de quitter les zones de confrontation actuelles et prévues [...] Deuxièmement, au-delà des opérations humanitaires déjà en cours, une pause permettra d'acheminer en toute sécurité une aide humanitaire vitale aux populations des zones les plus durement touchées [...]  1, record 3, French, - pause%20humanitaire

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Cette pause exige la participation de toutes les parties concernées et se déroule généralement au cours d'une période définie et dans une zone géographique déterminée.  2, record 3, French, - pause%20humanitaire

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Begin hostilities or start warfare with a country or state.  3, record 4, English, - launch%20an%20attack

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] s'abstenir de lancer une attaque dont on peut attendre qu'elle cause incidemment des pertes en vies humaines dans la population civile, des blessures aux personnes civiles, des dommages aux biens de caractère civil, ou une combinaison de ces pertes et dommages, qui seraient excessifs par rapport à l'avantage militaire concret et direct attendu.  3, record 4, French, - lancer%20une%20attaque

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A command given to any unit or individual firing any weapon to stop engaging the target.  3, record 5, English, - cease%2Dfire

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The general effect of a cease-fire is to prohibit absolutely hostilities and operations within the area subject of the order or agreement, and during the period of time stipulated.  4, record 5, English, - cease%2Dfire

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The National Guard of Ukraine says Sunday’s cease-fire was broken and the evacuation plans have been halted after Russian forces opened fire.  5, record 5, English, - cease%2Dfire

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Commandement donné à toute unité ou individu employant tout type d'arme, sommant cette unité ou cet individu d'arrêter l'engagement de l'objectif.  2, record 5, French, - cessez%2Dle%2Dfeu

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Confidence-building measures(CBMs) are planned procedures to prevent hostilities, to avert escalation, to reduce military tension, and to build mutual trust between countries.  3, record 6, English, - confidence%2Dbuilding%20measure

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 2 OBS

confidence-building measure: designation usually used in the plural.  4, record 6, English, - confidence%2Dbuilding%20measure

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 3 OBS

confidence-building measure; CBM: The plural form of this designation (confidence-building measures) and the abbreviation are standardized by NATO.  4, record 6, English, - confidence%2Dbuilding%20measure

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

mesure de confiance : désignation habituellement utilisée au pluriel.  3, record 6, French, - mesure%20de%20confiance

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 2 OBS

mesure de confiance; MDC : La désignation au pluriel (mesures de confiance) et l'abréviation sont normalisées par l'OTAN.  3, record 6, French, - mesure%20de%20confiance

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[Agreement signed in] Bosnia and Herzegovina ... on 31 December 1994 and effective along all lines of confrontation, for a period of 4 months.  1, record 7, English, - Agreement%20on%20Complete%20Cessation%20of%20Hostilities

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An agreed cessation of the fighting within a period of war.  6, record 8, English, - cessation%20of%20hostilities

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[One mode] of terminating hostilities as distinct of the status of war itself [is applicable to hostilities both in a war, and in a non-war conflict]... The terminology as to cessation of hostilities also includes a "pause"(i. e., a brief period of temporary cessation of particular kinds of operations, such as air bombardment), a "standstill"(this can cover not only a prohibition of hostilities, i. e., cease-fire, but also a cessation of all movement of armaments or personnel), and "de-escalation"(a diminution in the intensity magnitude and range of the hostilities).  7, record 8, English, - cessation%20of%20hostilities

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

cessation of hostilities; COH : designations standardized by NATO.  8, record 8, English, - cessation%20of%20hostilities

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Arrêt réciproque des opérations de guerre entre belligérants, que cet arrêt résulte ou non d'un accord, qu'il implique ou non la fin de la guerre.  3, record 8, French, - cessation%20des%20hostilit%C3%A9s

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

cessation des hostilités; COH : désignations normalisées par l'OTAN.  4, record 8, French, - cessation%20des%20hostilit%C3%A9s

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The United Nations Mission in South Sudan welcomes the signing of a cessation of hostilities agreement by parties attending the High Level Revitalization Forum in Addis Ababa.  3, record 9, English, - cessation%20of%20hostilities%20agreement

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

cessation of hostilities agreement; COHA : designations standardized by NATO.  4, record 9, English, - cessation%20of%20hostilities%20agreement

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

accord de cessation des hostilités; COHA : désignations normalisées par l'OTAN.  3, record 9, French, - accord%20de%20cessation%20des%20hostilit%C3%A9s

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An online networking activity done by criminal organization members or street gang members in order to highlight themselves and their activities.  5, record 10, English, - cyberbanging

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Internet gang activity has become so widespread that it’s known by the terms "net-banging" or "cyberbanging."  4, record 10, English, - cyberbanging

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Gang members are increasingly taking their allegiances and feuds on-line. "Netbanging" refers to a wide variety of gang-related activity on the Web including the communication of information among gang members, recruitment activities and provoking hostilities amongst rival gangs through derogatory posts. Law enforcement officers are utilizing gang-related Internet activity in investigations.  6, record 10, English, - cyberbanging

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Réseautage en ligne effectué par des membres de gangs de rue ou d'autres organisations criminelles en vue de se faire valoir.  1, record 10, French, - cyberr%C3%A9seautage%20criminel

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Les membres de gangs de rue et des organisations criminelles peuvent utiliser les réseaux sociaux pour afficher leurs couleurs, prouver leur allégeance, provoquer des querelles avec des membres de gangs opposés, communiquer des renseignements entre eux, publier des menaces, afficher leurs exploits, rendre hommage à leurs amis tués ou incarcérés, etc.  1, record 10, French, - cyberr%C3%A9seautage%20criminel

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 2 OBS

cyberréseautage criminel : le terme et sa définition ont été créés dans le cadre des Ateliers de création lexicale de la Direction de la normalisation terminologique du Bureau de la traduction.  1, record 10, French, - cyberr%C3%A9seautage%20criminel

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The day on which an operation, whether hostilities or any other operation, commences or is due to commence.  1, record 11, English, - D%2Dday

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

D-day: designation and definition standardized by NATO.  2, record 11, English, - D%2Dday

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Jour où commence ou doit commencer une opération, que ce soit le commencement des hostilités ou toute autre opération.  1, record 11, French, - jour%20J

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

jour J : désignation et définition normalisées par l'OTAN.  2, record 11, French, - jour%20J

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

día D: La Fundación del Español Urgente (Fundéu BBVA), con el asesoramiento de la Real Academia Española, recomienda emplear la minúscula inicial en la palabra "día" para referirse, en el lenguaje militar, a un momento señalado o clave.  1, record 11, Spanish, - d%C3%ADa%20D

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Z65.5: code used in the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems.  2, record 12, English, - exposure%20to%20disaster%2C%20war%20and%20other%20hostilities

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Z65.5 : code de la Classification statistique internationale des maladies et des problèmes de santé connexes.  2, record 12, French, - exposition%20%C3%A0%20une%20catastrophe%2C%20une%20guerre%20et%20autres%20hostilit%C3%A9s

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

While abusive supervision includes both verbal and non-verbal hostilities, it excludes any physical abuse.  2, record 13, English, - abusive%20supervision

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

On parle de supervision abusive lorsqu'un supérieur hiérarchique adopte de façon continue envers ses subordonnés des comportements hostiles verbaux et non verbaux, excluant les contacts physiques.  2, record 13, French, - supervision%20abusive

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Name of the NATO Force replacing the Implementation Force (IFOR) in Bosnia.  3, record 14, English, - Stabilization%20Force

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Responding to the United Nations Security Council resolution 1088(13 December 1996), the North Atlantic Council has authorised the NATO-led operation for an 18-month period to support the further implementation of the Dayton Peace Agreement. SFOR's mission is to provide continued military presence to deter renewed hostilities and to stabilise and consolidate the peace in Bosnia-Hercegovina in order to contribute to a secure environment for the ongoing civil implementation plans.  4, record 14, English, - Stabilization%20Force

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Force multinationale qui remplace la Force de mise en œuvre (IFOR) en Bosnie, le mandat de cette dernière étant terminé.  3, record 14, French, - Force%20de%20stabilisation

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 2 OBS

En réponse à la résolution 1088 (13 décembre 1996) du Conseil de sécurité des Nations Unies, le Conseil de l'Atlantique Nord a autorisé cette opération dirigée par l'OTAN pour une période de 18 mois dans le but d'appuyer la mise en application continue de l'Accord de paix de Dayton. Le mandat de la SFOR consiste à assurer une présence militaire permanente afin de décourager la reprise des hostilités, de stabiliser et consolider la paix en Bosnie-Herzégovine, et d'aider ainsi à instaurer des conditions de sécurité pour les plans civils de mise en œuvre.  4, record 14, French, - Force%20de%20stabilisation

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A process to effect the cessation of hostilities and the implementation of post cease-fire operations by the force commander after an acceptable end-state has been attained.  1, record 15, English, - conflict%20termination

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Cessation des hostilités et mise en œuvre d'opérations après le cessez-le-feu, quand le commandant juge que le résultat obtenu est acceptable.  1, record 15, French, - conclusion%20d%27un%20conflit

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[One of the principal ways of termination of the status of war is] by armistice agreement, where the agreement although primarily intended to bring about a cessation of hostilities, operates subsequently as a result of its practical application by the parties de facto to terminate the status of war. This, it is believed, is largely a question of construction of the particular armistice agreement concerned.  1, record 16, English, - armistice%20agreement

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

for "truce agreement": See entry no. 5256 in ELREL.  3, record 16, English, - armistice%20agreement

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The emergency evacuation of an employee and/or a dependant from a post in the event of hostilities, natural disaster or other threatening circumstances, including provision to safeguard material possessions during such absence and compensation for any loss resulting from the event which caused the evacuation.  1, record 17, English, - emergency%20evacuation%20and%20loss

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Pourvoit à l'évacuation d'urgence de la mission de l'employé, et (ou) d'une personne à sa charge dans le cas d'hostilités, de catastrophe naturelle ou d'autres dangers imminents. Pourvoit également à la protection des biens matériels de l'employé durant son absence et prévoit le dédommagement des pertes résultant de l'événement qui a nécessité son évacuation.  1, record 17, French, - %C3%A9vacuation%20d%27urgence%20et%20pertes

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Concluded at The Hague, October 18, 1907, as Convention No. VI of the Second Peace Conference.  3, record 18, English, - Convention%20relative%20to%20the%20Status%20of%20Enemy%20Merchant%2Dships%20at%20the%20Outbreak%20of%20Hostilities

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 2 OBS

for "Hague Convention VI of 18 October 1907 (unofficial)" : Whereas legal documents and comments quote the title of this convention in full, some military manuals refer to the same act by indicating the convention and the protocol number only.  3, record 18, English, - Convention%20relative%20to%20the%20Status%20of%20Enemy%20Merchant%2Dships%20at%20the%20Outbreak%20of%20Hostilities

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 3 OBS

Hague Convention VI of 18 October 1907 (unofficial)  2, record 18, English, - Convention%20relative%20to%20the%20Status%20of%20Enemy%20Merchant%2Dships%20at%20the%20Outbreak%20of%20Hostilities

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Convention VI de La Haye du 18 octobre 1907 (non officiel)  1, record 18, French, - Convention%20VI%20relative%20au%20r%C3%A9gime%20des%20navires%20de%20commerce%20ennemis%20au%20d%C3%A9but%20des%20hostilit%C3%A9s

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A peace support effort designed to end hostilities through the application of a range of coercive measures, including the use of military force.  3, record 19, English, - peace%20enforcement

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Peace enforcement is likely to be conducted without the strategic consent of some, if not all, of the major conflicting parties.  3, record 19, English, - peace%20enforcement

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 2 OBS

peace enforcement; PE: term, abbreviation and definition standardized by NATO.  4, record 19, English, - peace%20enforcement

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 3 OBS

peace enforcement: term extracted from the "Disarmament and Peace Keeping" glossary with the permission of the United Nations Office at Geneva.  5, record 19, English, - peace%20enforcement

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Effort de soutien de la paix visant à mettre fin aux hostilités grâce à l’application d’une série de mesures coercitives, y compris l’emploi de la force militaire.  2, record 19, French, - imposition%20de%20la%20paix

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS

L’imposition de la paix se fera probablement sans le consentement stratégique de certaines, sinon de la totalité, des principales parties en conflit.  2, record 19, French, - imposition%20de%20la%20paix

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 2 OBS

imposition de la paix : terme et définition normalisés par l'OTAN; terme uniformisé par le Comité de terminologie française du Conseil de doctrine et de tactique de l'Armée de terre.  3, record 19, French, - imposition%20de%20la%20paix

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 3 OBS

imposition de la paix : terme tiré du lexique «Désarmement et Maintien de la Paix» avec l'autorisation de l'Office des Nations Unies à Genève.  4, record 19, French, - imposition%20de%20la%20paix

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 20,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The rule regarding unneutral service in naval warfare has been stated thus : a neutral ship performing services for an enemy belligerent will be treated as an enemy ship.  4, record 20, English, - unneutral%20service

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Unneutral service.... A neutral vessel will be condemned and... receive the same treatment as would be applicable to her if she were an enemy merchant vessel :(1) If she takes a direct part in the hostilities;(2) if she is under the order or control of an agent placed on board by the enemy Government;(3) if she is in the exclusive employment of the enemy Government;(4) if she is exclusively engaged at the time either in the transport of enemy troops or in the transmission of intelligence in the interest of the enemy.  1, record 20, English, - unneutral%20service

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Assistance hostile. Vous capturerez tout navire de commerce neutre : [primo] Qui prend part aux hostilités; [secundo] qui prend une part directe au ravitaillement des forces armées de l'ennemi; [tertio] qui est affrété en totalité ou en partie par le gouvernement ennemi ou placé sous les ordres ou le contrôle d'un de ses agents; [quarto] qui est affecté au transport de militaires ennemis ou à la transmission de dépêches ou de renseignements dans l'intérêt de l'ennemi.  1, record 20, French, - assistance%20hostile

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 OBS

contrebande par analogie : Expression employée par certains auteurs à la fin du XIXe siècle à l'occasion de certains transports, p. ex. de correspondances, d'un diplomate, de membres de l'armée, effectués par un navire neutre au profit d'un belligérant, pour appliquer à ce navire le traitement qui lui serait applicable s'il transportait de la contrebande de guerre. Cette expression défectueuse n'a pas été reprise par la Déclaration de Londres du 28 février 1909 qui range les faits de cet ordre sous la rubrique : Assistance hostile.  2, record 20, French, - assistance%20hostile

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 2 OBS

transports interdits : Expression employée à la fin du XIXe siècle pour désigner le transport de troupes, d'agents ou de dépêches d'un belligérant par un navire neutre, qui justifie l'application à ce navire du même traitement que s'il transportait de la contrebande de guerre. Fauchille, sous le titre : «Contrebande par analogie ou transports interdits» [...] ajoute : «Ce que la déclaration de Londres appelle assistance hostile correspond à ce que certains auteurs comprennent sous le nom de contrebande par analogie ou de transports interdits».  2, record 20, French, - assistance%20hostile

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 21,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The perquisites which were attached in former days to the office of the Admiralty of England.  3, record 21, English, - admiralty%20droit

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[The perquisites] are nowadays paid into the Exchequer for public use. Of the perquisites the most important is the right to the property of enemy vessels seized on the breaking out of hostilities.  3, record 21, English, - admiralty%20droit

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Droit of Admiralty also include all unclaimed wreck, flotsam, jetsam, ligan and derelict which are now dealt with by the receiver of wrecks for the district.  3, record 21, English, - admiralty%20droit

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

Record 21,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 22,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 OBS

These relate to preparations for aggression carried out by an adversary, some of which will give early warning of the fact that hostilities are imminent.  1, record 22, English, - alert%20indicator

Record 22,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Ces indices se rapportent aux préparatifs en vue d'une agression mise en œuvre par un ennemi, dont certains donneront la pré-alerte de l'imminence des hostilités.  1, record 22, French, - indice%20d%27alerte

Record 22,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 23,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The hostilities between rival gangs fighting over a piece of land or turf.  2, record 23, English, - gang%20war

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Calgary police believe two men killed in a daylight shooting might have been executed as part of a continuing gang war.  3, record 23, English, - gang%20war

Record 23,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Vancouver pourrait être victime d'une véritable guerre des gangs. Bindi Johal, un des plus célèbres gangsters de la région vancouveroise a été abattu dans une boîte de nuit. Johal a été mêlé à de nombreuses affaires allant du trafic de drogues au kidnapping en passant par les meurtres.  2, record 23, French, - guerre%20des%20gangs

Record 23,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 24,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The coordinated actions taken to defuse crises, prevent their escalation into an armed conflict and contain hostilities if they should result.  3, record 24, English, - crisis%20management

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 OBS

crisis management; CM: term, abbreviation and definition standardized by NATO.  4, record 24, English, - crisis%20management

Record 24,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Mesures coordonnées prises en vue de désamorcer des crises, d'en empêcher l'escalade en un conflit armé et d'endiguer les hostilités qui pourraient en résulter.  1, record 24, French, - gestion%20de%20crise

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 OBS

gestion de crise; CM : terme, abréviation et définition normalisés par l'OTAN.  4, record 24, French, - gestion%20de%20crise

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 2 OBS

gestion de crises : terme uniformisé par le Comité de terminologie française du Conseil de doctrine et de tactique de l'Armée de terre.  5, record 24, French, - gestion%20de%20crise

Record 24,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 25,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An advocate of all out war or of measures in international affairs designed to provoke or escalate open hostilities.  4, record 25, English, - warmonger

Record 25,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[Personne] qui est partisane de la force dans le règlement des conflits internationaux, qui pousse à la guerre.  3, record 25, French, - belliciste

Record 25,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 26,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An operation that targets an adversary's centre of gravity to weaken their will and ability to engage in conflict or continue hostilities.  2, record 26, English, - strategic%20attack

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 OBS

strategic attack: term and definition officially approved by the Air Force Terminology Panel (Trenton) and the Defence Terminology Standardization Board.  3, record 26, English, - strategic%20attack

Record 26,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Opération dirigée sur le centre de gravité de l'adversaire afin d’affaiblir sa volonté et sa capacité de s’engager dans le conflit ou de poursuivre les hostilités.  2, record 26, French, - attaque%20strat%C3%A9gique

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 OBS

attaque stratégique : terme et définition uniformisés par le Groupe d'experts en terminologie de la Force aérienne (Trenton) et par le Conseil de normalisation de terminologie de la Défense.  3, record 26, French, - attaque%20strat%C3%A9gique

Record 26,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 27,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 OBS

In reference to the Liberia cease-fire and cessation of hostilities. Signed at Cotonou, Benin, 25 July 1993, by the Interim Government of National Unity of Liberia(IGNU), the National Patriotic Front of Liberia(NPFL) and the United Liberation Movement for Democracy(ULIMO). Also seen as : Peace Agreement; Cotonou Peace Accord on Liberia.  2, record 27, English, - Cotonou%20Agreement

Record 27,  Textual support,  French

Record 27,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 28,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The occurrence of war, rebellion, insurrection, acts of political terrorism and other hostilities, which prevent the exporter from exercising effective control over its equipment.  2, record 28, English, - hostilities

Record 28,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Survenance d'une guerre, d'une révolte, d'une insurrection, d'actes de terrorisme politique ou d'autres hostilités qui empêchent l'exportateur d'exercer un contrôle sur son équipement.  2, record 28, French, - hostilit%C3%A9s

Record 28,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 29,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The plight of the civilians still trapped by the fighting and who remain at extreme risk from the ongoing hostilities is our primary concern. The UN estimates that tens of thousands of civilians remain caught in the conflict area.  2, record 29, English, - conflict%20area

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Kandahar might seem like an unusual place to run into a diplomat. It’s a conflict area, after all, and whether or not you have diplomatic passport, stepping outside prescribed safe areas can land you in a good bit of hot water.  3, record 29, English, - conflict%20area

Record 29,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Mais, comme on l'a vu avec l'engagement du Canada dans la guerre du Golfe (1991) et [...] lors des guerres dans les Balkans, l'intervention rapide de la puissance aérienne dans une zone de conflit pour dissuader un agresseur et préserver la paix [...]  2, record 29, French, - zone%20de%20conflit

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Kandahar n’a peut-être pas l’air d’un endroit fréquenté par des diplomates. Après tout, c’est une zone de conflit et peu importe que vous soyez muni d’un passeport diplomatique ou non, une sortie à l’extérieur des zones de sécurité déterminées peut vous mettre sérieusement dans le pétrin.  3, record 29, French, - zone%20de%20conflit

Record 29,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 30,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 DEF

the payment of damages : indemnification; specifically : compensation in money or in materials(as commodities or capital equipment) payable by a defeated nation as war indemnity for direct damages to or expenditures sustained by another nation as a result of hostilities with the defeated nation.  1, record 30, English, - reparation

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Since World War 1, the term "reparations" has been used with reference to war claims in preference to the term "war indemnity", reflecting the efforts of victorious belligerents to rest their demands on legal grounds.  2, record 30, English, - reparation

Record 30,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Prestation pécuniaire, ne correspondant pas nécessairement à la réparation des dommages résultant du fait de la guerre ou causés au cours de celle-ci, dont le vainqueur impose au vaincu le paiement comme condition du rétablissement de la paix.  1, record 30, French, - r%C3%A9paration

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 OBS

réparation : Terme employé à l'occasion du règlement des questions qui se posent à la suite d'une guerre, pour désigner l'objet d'une obligation mise à la charge d'un État et consistant à fournir compensation des dommages subis par un autre État et ses ressortissants par l'effet de la guerre. Terme pris en ce sens dans le titre et les dispositions de la Partie VIII du traité de Versailles du 28 juin 1919.  1, record 30, French, - r%C3%A9paration

Record 30,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 31,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... armed opposition groups exercising effective power over a significant segment of population and conducting sustained organized armed hostilities may for both conceptual and legal reasons be considered capable of violating human rights...  1, record 31, English, - organized%20armed%20hostility

Record 31,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] les groupes d’opposition armée qui exercent un pouvoir effectif sur un segment important de la population et qui se livrent à des opérations armées organisées et soutenues , sont capables de perpétrer des violations des droits humains [...]  1, record 31, French, - op%C3%A9ration%20arm%C3%A9e%20organis%C3%A9e

Record 31,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 32,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A national or multinational military force, normally deployed under a mandate from the United Nations or another international organization, with a mission to separate the belligerents in order to impose an end to hostilities or to enforce a cease-fire.  1, record 32, English, - interposition%20force

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Normally the deployment of an interposition force is made with acceptance of all belligerent parties, but can occur in a non-permissive or semi-permissive environment. Impartiality in the conduct of its operations is essential for such a force.  1, record 32, English, - interposition%20force

Record 32,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Force militaire nationale ou multinationale, déployée normalement sous mandat des Nations Unies ou d'une autre organisation internationale, ayant comme mission de séparer les belligérents afin d'imposer la fin des combats ou d'assurer le maintien d'un cessez-le-feu.  2, record 32, French, - force%20d%27interposition

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Normalement le déploiement d'une force d'interposition est accepté par toutes les parties belligérentes, mais peut se réaliser dans un environnement non permissif ou semi-permissif. L'impartialité d'une telle force dans la conduite de ses opérations est essentielle.  2, record 32, French, - force%20d%27interposition

Record 32,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 33,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A method of terminating hostilities whereby no limits are set upon the victor's freedom of action with regard to the fate of the defeated enemy.  1, record 33, English, - unconditional%20surrender

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Unconditional surrender does not have the nature of an agreement and, therefore, must be distinguished from capitulation and armistice, both of which are agreements between representatives of belligerents. Legally, unconditional surrender does not terminate the war unless so desired by the victor.  1, record 33, English, - unconditional%20surrender

Record 33,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 CONT

reddition. Action de se rendre. Acte par lequel un chef militaire, une troupe cernée ou une place assiégée met bas les armes, conformément à une capitulation signée ou non avec l'ennemi : En 1945, les Alliés ont exigé de l'Allemagne une reddition sans condition.  1, record 33, French, - reddition%20sans%20condition

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Le terme «capitulation sans condition» a été employé pour la première fois après la conférence de Casablanca [...]. Telle qu'elle a été exposée par le Premier Ministre britannique à la Chambre des communes le 22 février 1944, la théorie de la capitulation sans condition (unconditional surrender) signifiait que les Puissances victorieuses auraient les mains entièrement libres à la fin des hostilités et ne seraient liées par aucun engagement d'ordre juridique envers l'Allemagne et ses alliés, les seules obligations dont elles seraient tenues en l'espèce étant des obligations d'ordre moral envers la civilisation. Cette théorie devait exercer une influence déterminante sur l'aménagement des deux opérations dans lesquelles s'analyse la fin de la guerre. Appliquée à la cessation des hostilités, la théorie de la reddition inconditionnelle a entraîné l'adhésion du belligérant vaincu donnée par un simple acte unilatéral - à l'ensemble des conditions à lui imposées par les Nations-Unies.  2, record 33, French, - reddition%20sans%20condition

Record 33,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 34,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 CONT

We have seen international stability shaken by military hostilities in the Persian Gulf and by political upheaval in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union.  1, record 34, English, - political%20upheaval

Record 34,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La stabilité internationale a été ébranlée par les opérations militaires dans le golfe Persique et par les bouleversements politiques survenus en Europe de l'Est et en Union soviétique.  2, record 34, French, - bouleversement%20politique

Record 34,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Agitación política en Colombia. El ambiente político colombiano está fuertemente agitado por las acusaciones hechas contra altos dignatarios del gobierno, dirigentes políticos y generales retirados del ejército y la policía por [el] máximo jefe de los paramilitares de derecha.  1, record 34, Spanish, - agitaci%C3%B3n%20pol%C3%ADtica

Record 35,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... armed opposition groups exercising effective power over a significant segment of population and conducting sustained organized armed hostilities may for both conceptual and legal reasons be considered capable of violating human rights...  1, record 35, English, - armed%20opposition%20group

Record 35,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] on peut, pour des raisons d'ordre conceptuel et juridique, considérer que les groupes d'opposition armée qui exercent un pouvoir effectif sur un segment important de la population et qui se livrent à des opérations armées organisées et soutenues , sont capables de perpétrer des violations des droits humains [...]  1, record 35, French, - groupe%20d%27opposition%20arm%C3%A9

Record 35,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 36,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The General Assembly, in resolution 55/282(PDF), of September 7, 2001, decided that, beginning in 2002, the International Day of Peace should be observed on September 21 each year. The Assembly declared that the Day be observed as a day of global ceasefire and non-violence, an invitation to all nations and people to honour a cessation of hostilities during the day.  3, record 36, English, - International%20Day%20of%20Peace

Record 36,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 OBS

L'Assemblée générale, dans sa résolution 55/282 (PDF), en date du 7 septembre 2001, a décidé que la Journée internationale de la paix serait observée chaque année le 21 septembre. L'Assemblée générale a déclaré que la Journée internationale de la paix serait observée comme une journée mondiale de cessez-le-feu et de non-violence, pendant la durée de laquelle toutes les nations et tous les peuples seraient invités à cesser les hostilités.  3, record 36, French, - Journ%C3%A9e%20internationale%20de%20la%20paix

Record 36,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 OBS

En la resolución 55/282 (PDF), de fecha 7 de septiembre de 2001, la Asamblea General decide que, con efecto a partir del año 2002, se observe el Día Internacional de la Paz el 21 de septiembre de cada año. Declara también, que el Día de cesación del fuego y de no violencia a nivel mundial, a fin de que todas las naciones y pueblos se sientan motivados para cumplir una cesación de hostilidades durante todo ese día.  1, record 36, Spanish, - D%C3%ADa%20Internacional%20de%20la%20Paz

Record 37,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A proclamation or order of state, usually issued in time of war or threatened hostilities, prohibiting the departure of ships or goods from some or all the ports of such state until further order.  2, record 37, English, - embargo

Record 37,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Au sens classique du terme, l'embargo (de l'espagnol embargar, placer sous séquestre) désigne une mesure de force, admise par la coutume internationale, qui consiste à immobiliser temporairement les navires de commerce étrangers en vue de faire pression sur les États dont ils portent le pavillon.  2, record 37, French, - embargo

Record 37,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 38,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 OBS

In July 2000, the International Olympic Truce Foundation (IOTF) was created with a view to promoting peace through sport and the Olympic ideal.  2, record 38, English, - International%20Olympic%20Truce%20Foundation

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 2 OBS

The mission of the International Olympic Truce Foundation is to promote the Olympic Ideals, to serve peace, friendship and international understanding. In particular, to uphold the observance of the Olympic Truce, calling for all hostilities to cease during the Olympic Games and beyond, and mobilizing the youth of the world in the cause of peace.  3, record 38, English, - International%20Olympic%20Truce%20Foundation

Record 38,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 OBS

En juillet 2000, la Fondation Internationale pour la Trêve Olympique (FITO) a été établie dans le but de promouvoir la paix par le biais du sport et de l'idéal olympique.  2, record 38, French, - Fondation%20Internationale%20pour%20la%20Tr%C3%AAve%20Olympique

Record 38,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 39,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Without a doubt the greatest battle the RCN fought was the Battle of the Atlantic ... fought from September, 1939 to May, 1945.  2, record 39, English, - Battle%20of%20the%20Atlantic

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 2 OBS

From the very outset of hostilities in the Second World War the Atlantic supply route from North America to the United Kingdom was threatened. Eventually gaining control of the entire coast of Europe, from Narvik to the Pyrenees, the Germans set out from every harbour and airfield in western Europe to sever the lifelines to Britain.  3, record 39, English, - Battle%20of%20the%20Atlantic

Record 39,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Dès le début des hostilités de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, la route de ravitaillement sur l'Atlantique, allant de l'Amérique du Nord au Royaume-Uni, est menacée. Éventuellement maîtres de toute la côte européenne, de Narvik aux Pyrénées, les Allemands tentent de couper les lignes vitales de ravitaillement de la Grande-Bretagne à partir de tous les ports et de tous les aérodromes de l'ouest de l'Europe.  1, record 39, French, - bataille%20de%20l%27Atlantique

Record 39,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 40,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 OBS

In the military it is intelligence that requires the immediate attention of the commander. It includes, but is not limited to :(a) strong indications of the imminent outbreak of hostilities of any type(warning of attack) ;(b) aggression of any nature against a friendly country;(c) indications or use of nuclear, biological, or chemical weapons(targets) ;and(d) significant events within potential enemy countries that may lead to modifications of nuclear strike plans.  2, record 40, English, - critical%20intelligence

Record 40,  Textual support,  French

Record 40,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 41,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The Gulf and Kuwait Medal recognizes the participation of CF [Canadian Forces] members deployed or in direct support of the operations against Iraq during the Gulf war. The medal is awarded to those employed during the build up of troops before the beginning of hostilities...  1, record 41, English, - The%20Gulf%20and%20Kuwait%20Medal

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Front: Crowned effigy of the Queen Reverse: "The Gulf and Kuwait 1990-1991 Le Golfe et Kuwait."  2, record 41, English, - The%20Gulf%20and%20Kuwait%20Medal

Record 41,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La Médaille du Golfe et du Koweït reconnaît les membres des Forces canadiennes ayant participé aux opérations de défense contre l'agression irakienne et de libération du Koweït. La médaille seule est décerné à tous ceux qui ont participé aux opérations [...]  1, record 41, French, - M%C3%A9daille%20du%20Golfe%20et%20du%20Kowe%C3%AFt

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Avers : effigie de la Reine portant la couronne. Revers : 4th Gulf and Kuwait 1990-1991 Le Golfe et Kuwait».  2, record 41, French, - M%C3%A9daille%20du%20Golfe%20et%20du%20Kowe%C3%AFt

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 3 OBS

Bien que l'inscription soit erronée sur la médaille-même. Il est recommandé d'employer l'expression exacte dans un texte lorsqu'on ne fait pas référence à la médaille.  2, record 41, French, - M%C3%A9daille%20du%20Golfe%20et%20du%20Kowe%C3%AFt

Record 41,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 42,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A zone established between fighting forces in order to decrease hostilities being resumed.  1, record 42, English, - buffer%20zone

Record 42,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Zone établie entre des forces belligérantes dans le but de réduire les possibilités d'hostilités.  1, record 42, French, - zone%20tampon

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 OBS

zone tampon : terme et définition uniformisés par le Comité de terminologie française du Conseil de doctrine et de tactique de l'Armée de terre.  2, record 42, French, - zone%20tampon

Record 42,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 43,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The Peace Agreement for Bosnia and Herzegovina was concluded on 21 November 1995 in Dayton(United States) and signed in Paris on 14 December 1995 by the Presidents of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and the Republic of Croatia. The Agreement brought the hostilities on the territory of the former Yugoslavia to an end. The Peace Agreement consists of the General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina and a number of annexes.  8, record 43, English, - The%20General%20Framework%20Agreement%20for%20Peace%20in%20Bosnia%20and%20Herzegovina%20and%20the%20Annexes%20thereto

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 2 OBS

GFAP: abbreviation used at the National Defence Department but not necessarily in United Nations circles.  4, record 43, English, - The%20General%20Framework%20Agreement%20for%20Peace%20in%20Bosnia%20and%20Herzegovina%20and%20the%20Annexes%20thereto

Record 43,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[...] Accord-cadre général pour la paix en Bosnie-Herzégovine et de ses annexes (appelés collectivement l'Accord de paix), paraphés à Dayton (États-Unis d'Amérique) le 21 novembre 1995 et signés à Paris le 14 décembre 1995 par la Bosnie-Herzégovine, la République de Croatie et la République fédérative de Yougoslavie (Serbie et Monténégro) représentant aussi la partie des Serbes de Bosnie, accords dans lesquels les parties en présence en Bosnie-Herzégovine se sont engagées, notamment à respecter pleinement les droits de l'homme [...]  1, record 43, French, - Accord%2Dcadre%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral%20pour%20la%20paix%20en%20Bosnie%2DHerz%C3%A9govine%20et%20ses%20annexes

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Accord-cadre général pour la paix en Bosnie-Herzégovine et ses annexes; Accord de paix : appellations obtenus auprès du Service de terminologie des Nations Unies.  4, record 43, French, - Accord%2Dcadre%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral%20pour%20la%20paix%20en%20Bosnie%2DHerz%C3%A9govine%20et%20ses%20annexes

Record 43,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 44,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A peace support operation employing complementary diplomatic, civil, and-when necessary-military means, to monitor and identify the causes of conflict, and take timely action to prevent the occurrence, escalation, or resumption of hostilities.  2, record 44, English, - conflict%20prevention

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 OBS

conflict prevention: term and definition standardized by NATO.  3, record 44, English, - conflict%20prevention

Record 44,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Opération de soutien de la paix qui recourt à des moyens complémentaires diplomatiques, civils et, au besoin, militaires, dont le but est de surveiller et d'identifier les causes de conflits, et de prendre des mesures en temps utile pour empêcher l'apparition, l'escalade ou la reprise des hostilités.  2, record 44, French, - pr%C3%A9vention%20des%20conflits

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 OBS

prévention des conflits : terme et définition normalisés par l'OTAN.  3, record 44, French, - pr%C3%A9vention%20des%20conflits

Record 44,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 45,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 PHR

hostilities only personnel.  1, record 45, English, - hostilities%20only

Record 45,  Textual support,  French

Record 45,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 46,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A notification that hostilities may be imminent. This notification may occur at any time prior to the initiation of hostilities.  1, record 46, English, - strategic%20warning

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 OBS

strategic warning: term and definition standardized by NATO.  2, record 46, English, - strategic%20warning

Record 46,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Avertissement de l'imminence du déclenchement des hostilités. Cet avertissement peut être donné à tout moment avant le début des hostilités.  1, record 46, French, - alerte%20strat%C3%A9gique

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 OBS

alerte stratégique : terme et définition normalisés par l'OTAN.  2, record 46, French, - alerte%20strat%C3%A9gique

Record 46,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Aviso que indica que el enemigo puede comenzar las hostilidades en cualquier momento. Este aviso puede recibirse con una anticipación desde unos minutos hasta unos días antes del comienzo de las hostilidades, e incluso con períodos superiores.  1, record 46, Spanish, - alerta%20estrat%C3%A9gica

Record 47,  Textual support,  French

Record 47,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 48,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The term "peace treaty" usually refers to a treaty between belligerents ending a war, through sometimes it refers to a treaty to prevent future wars. The two concepts are often combined, because in treaties ending wars, the parties have often pledged themselves to "perpetual peace". The terms of such treaties, however, are often so onerous that they stimulate the defeated state, which has signed under duress, to renew hostilities when the opportunity arises.  2, record 48, English, - peace%20treaty

Record 48,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Terme employé d'ordinaire pour désigner l'accord par lequel les États belligérants règlent entre eux leurs rapports futurs ainsi que la fin des hostilités si celle-ci ne l'a pas été antérieurement par des préliminaires de paix.  1, record 48, French, - trait%C3%A9%20de%20paix

Record 48,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 49,  Textual support,  French

Record 49,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 50,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 50, Textual support number: 1 OBS

United Nations. Material on United Nations Observer Missions and Peace-keeping Forces Authorized by the Security Council, 16 July 1979, p. 65.  2, record 50, English, - outbreak%20of%20hostilities

Record number: 50, Textual support number: 2 OBS

outbreak of hostilities : Expression reproduced from the Glosario Provisional de Términos Jurídicos with the permission of the United Nations Office at Geneva.  3, record 50, English, - outbreak%20of%20hostilities

Record 50,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 50, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Nations Unies. Documentation concernant les missions d'observation et les forces de maintien de la paix de l'ONU autorisées par le Conseil de sécurité, 16 juillet 1979, p. 72.  1, record 50, French, - d%C3%A9clenchement%20des%20hostilit%C3%A9s

Record 50,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 50, Textual support number: 1 OBS

ruptura de hostilidades: Expresión reproducida del Glosario Provisional de Términos Jurídicos con la autorización de la Oficina de las Naciones Unidas en Ginebra.  2, record 50, Spanish, - ruptura%20de%20hostilidades

Record 51,  Textual support,  French

Record 51,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 52,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 52, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In former times International Law empowered States when war was impending, or at its outbreak, to lay an embargo upon all enemy merchantmen in their harbours in order to confiscate them. Further, enemy merchantmen at sea could at the outbreak of war be captured and confiscated, although they did not even know of the outbreak of war. As regards enemy merchantmen in the harbours of the belligerents, it became, from 1854, during the Crimean War, a usage followed by some countries that no embargo should be laid on them for the purpose of confiscating them, and that a reasonable time, so-called days of grace, should be granted them to depart unmolested; but no rule was in existence until the Second Hague Conference of 1907, which produced a Convention(VI.) "relative to the Status of Enemy Merchant-ships at the Outbreak of hostilities».  3, record 52, English, - days%20of%20grace

Record 52,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 52, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] une pratique plus libérale, consacrée par la VIe Convention de la Haye (18 oct. 1907), prévoyait le bénéfice de l'indult (ou délai de grâce) au profit des navires de commerce surpris en port ennemi au début des hostilités; dénoncée par le Royaume-Uni en 1925, cette libéralisation n'a plus trouvé d'application dans les faits [...].  2, record 52, French, - d%C3%A9lai%20de%20faveur

Record number: 52, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le terme anglais «indult» est également employé dans les ouvrages français.  4, record 52, French, - d%C3%A9lai%20de%20faveur

Record 52,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 53,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 53, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In the legal sense, belligerency means war, or a situation of conflict by armed force in which all the participants are legally equal in respect to the hostilities. This implies that all belligerents are bound to observe the laws of war, are free to exercise war powers, and are entitled to expect from other states observance of the law of neutrality.  1, record 53, English, - belligerency

Record number: 53, Textual support number: 1 OBS

While properly applied to international hostilities of this type, the term is more commonly applied to such hostilities arising from civil strife. Belligerency is to be distinguished from piracy brigandage, from insurgency, and from aggression.  1, record 53, English, - belligerency

Record 53,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 53, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Situation d'un pays en état de guerre.  1, record 53, French, - bellig%C3%A9rance

Record 53,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 54,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 54, Textual support number: 1 DEF

(...) a temporary suspension of hostilities, and normally signifies that hostilities are to be resumed on the expiration of the armistice period.  1, record 54, English, - armistice

Record 54,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 54, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Convention conclue entre les belligérants afin de suspendre les hostilités.  1, record 54, French, - armistice

Record 54,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 55,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 55, Textual support number: 1 OBS

When the British colony of India was granted independence in 1949, it was divided into India and Pakistan. Both countries lay claim to the state of Jammu and Kashmir, and went to war to obtain the territory by force. The purpose of UNMOGIP was to supervise in the disputed state, the ceasefire which ended hostilities between the two nations.  3, record 55, English, - United%20Nations%20Military%20Observer%20Group%20in%20India%20and%20Pakistan

Record 55,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 55, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Au moment où l'Inde a obtenu son indépendance, en 1949, le territoire a été divisé entre l'Inde et le Pakistan. Les deux pays ont revendiqué l'État de Jammu et Cachemire. Ils se sont déclaré la guerre afin de s'emparer de ce territoire par la force. Le mandat de l'UNMOGIP consistait à superviser, dans l'État en litige, le respect du cessez-le-feu qui a mis fin aux hostilités entre les deux pays.  2, record 55, French, - Groupe%20d%27observateurs%20militaires%20des%20Nations%20Unies%20pour%20l%27Inde%20et%20le%20Pakistan

Record 55,  Textual support,  Spanish