TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A crevasse that runs perpendicular to the direction of ice flow.  2, record 1, English, - transverse%20crevasse

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Crevasse qui recoupe le lobe de glace presque perpendiculairement à la direction d'écoulement  2, record 1, French, - crevasse%20transversale

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The ICESat-2 mission will provide elevation measurements over the Greenland and Antarctica ice sheets to quantify changes in ice-sheet mass, the mechanisms that drive that change(variations in accumulation, changes in ice melt, or ice flow acceleration/deceleration), and the impact of these changes on future global sea level; monitor changes in sea-ice thickness to examine ice-ocean-atmosphere exchanges of energy, mass, and moisture; and measure vegetation canopy height as a basis for estimating large-scale biomass and biomass change.  1, record 2, English, - Ice%2C%20Cloud%20and%20Land%20Elevation%20Satellite%2D2

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le satellite ICESat-2 (Ice, Cloud and Land Elevation Satellite-2) […] mesurera quant à lui l'élévation de la glace autour du monde à l'aide d'un laser de haute précision. Ainsi, la NASA cherche à déterminer si une accumulation de neige et de glace peut être observée sur la calotte glaciaire et les glaciers, mais également si la glace des banquises s'amincit.  2, record 2, French, - Ice%2C%20Cloud%20and%20Land%20Elevation%20Satellite%2D2

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A water mass formed by deep winter convection at the coast of Antarctica, particularly in the Weddell and Ross Seas but also at other shelf locations.  3, record 3, English, - Antarctic%20bottom%20water

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The waters of the Atlantic Ocean, on the other hand, in the immediate vicinity of the Antarctic continent, especially around the Weddell Sea, reach extremely low temperatures particularly during winter. This low temperature, coupled with high salinity resulting from ice formation, causes the water mass to sink and flow along the ocean floor in a direction toward the equator. This water mass... is called Antarctic bottom water...  4, record 3, English, - Antarctic%20bottom%20water

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Pendant l'hiver austral, au contraire, l'eau littorale antarctique est à une température aussi basse que possible, et elle est plus salée qu'en été, car la congélation de la banquise expulse du sel. Dense, elle plonge alors le long de l'escarpement continental, et va former sur le fond la masse dite eau antarctique de fond, que sa forte densité va faire s'insinuer sous toutes les autres masses d'eau océaniques, et se répandre, au prix d'altérations successives de ses caractères initiaux, jusqu'au-delà de l'équateur.  1, record 3, French, - eau%20antarctique%20de%20fond

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Reproducido del "Titles, Names and Acronyms related to the activities of the International Oceanographic Commission of Unesco", con la autorización de Unesco.  1, record 3, Spanish, - agua%20de%20fondo%20del%20Ant%C3%A1rtico

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The water mass formed in the Arctic Ocean by a combination of freezing on the arctic shelf and deep winter convection in the Greenland and Norwegian Seas.  3, record 4, English, - Arctic%20bottom%20water

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Freezing increases the salinity under the ice; the dense water sinks to the ocean floor and leaves the arctic basins to enter the Greenland and Norwegian Seas, where it mixes with water that sinks under the influence of surface cooling. The resulting water mass has a salinity of 34. 95 psu [practical salinity unit] and a temperature of-0. 8° to-0. 9° C. It fills the Arctic Ocean at all depths below 800 m, the sill depth to the Atlantic. It enters the Atlantic in bursts, when the passage of atmospheric depressions lifts the thermocline and allows Arctic bottom water to flow over the sill.  3, record 4, English, - Arctic%20bottom%20water

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Oceanographers are scientists who apply biological, chemical, physical, and geological principles to the study of the world's oceans. They study flow patterns such as currents, circulation, and tides; the relationship between the oceans, weather, and climate; chemical factors such as contaminants; and ocean interactions, for example with air, ice, and land formations.  2, record 5, English, - oceanographer

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Spécialiste qui étudie la mer, les profondeurs sous-marines, ainsi que les organismes qui y vivent.  2, record 5, French, - oc%C3%A9anographe

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Science that deals with ice in all of its natural occurrences.  4, record 7, English, - glaciology

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Glaciology, thus, is concerned with the chemical and physical properties, general characteristics, formation, and distribution of ice; with glacier flow and the involved mechanics thereof; and with the interrelations between ice and climate. Glaciology draws upon the skills of the geologist, physicist, mathematician, crystallographer, meteorologist, and many others.  4, record 7, English, - glaciology

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

glaciology: ... the term is no longer restricted to the study of glaciers.  4, record 7, English, - glaciology

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 2 OBS

cCryology [more often than not, means] the science of refrigeration.  2, record 7, English, - glaciology

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La glaciologie est l'étude de la glace naturelle sous toutes ses formes : neige, glace de glacier, de rivière, de lac, de mer, glace dans le sol, etc. Les cristaux de glace et de neige dans l'atmosphère sont plutôt étudiés par les météorologues au titre de la physique des précipitations. L'étude des glaciers conduit naturellement à rechercher les mécanismes de l'érosion glaciaire et de la formation des moraines, mais l'étude des formes de relief et des dépôts dus à d'anciens glaciers est laissée aux géomorphologues et aux géologues «quaternaristes».  2, record 7, French, - glaciologie

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La glaciologie [...] est habituellement considérée comme une branche de l'hydrologie.  3, record 7, French, - glaciologie

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Ciencia que trata de las propiedades y formación de hielo, acumulación y acción del mismo en todas sus formas, especialmente en los glaciares.  2, record 7, Spanish, - glaciolog%C3%ADa

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Several ice wedges connected together create a pattern in the ground called an ice-wedge polygon.... A high-centred polygon develops when plant material eventually fills the central wetland area of a low-centred polygon. The flow of water is reversed. Instead of pooling in the centre of the polygon, water now runs off into the bordering troughs.  3, record 8, English, - high%2Dcentred%20polygon

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Plusieurs coins de glace reliés créent dans le sol ce qu'on appelle un polygone. [...] Un polygone convexe se développe lorsque le matériau végétal finit par remplir la zone humide centrale d'un polygone concave. L'eau s'écoule en sens contraire : au lieu de s'accumuler au centre du polygone, elle se dirige maintenant dans les fossés adjacents.  1, record 8, French, - polygone%20convexe

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Total amount of ozone found in the various layers of the atmosphere.  2, record 9, English, - atmospheric%20ozone

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Satellites are electronic devices placed into orbit to monitor and examine regions which we can not observe from earth. These are used routinely to monitor atmospheric ozone, ultraviolet radiation, and many other constituents. Satellite altimetry and radar interferometry are used to measure magnetic field intensity and track Antarctic ice flow.  2, record 9, English, - atmospheric%20ozone

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Quantité totale d'ozone qu'on trouve dans les différentes couches de l'atmosphère.  2, record 9, French, - ozone%20atmosph%C3%A9rique

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Il apparaît de ce résumé des activités passées et actuelles de recherche en Belgique sur la stratosphère et, en particulier, de celles qui sont associées à l'ozone atmosphérique, que les mêmes types de travaux continueront. Ce sont d'abord l'observation régulière de l'ozone atmosphérique par sa quantité totale et sa distribution verticale à l'Institut Royal de Météorologie de Belgique.  3, record 9, French, - ozone%20atmosph%C3%A9rique

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Bien que la plus grande partie de l'ozone atmosphérique soit concentrée dans la stratosphère, on en trouve aussi dans la troposphère et dans la mésosphère.  4, record 9, French, - ozone%20atmosph%C3%A9rique

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] otros sugieren que las radiaciones ultravioletas procedentes del Sol, hoy frenadas gracias al ozono atmosférico, habrían destruido las moléculas hidrogenadas de la atmósfera; el hidrógeno libre habría escapado al espacio.  2, record 9, Spanish, - ozono%20atmosf%C3%A9rico

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A moraine perpendicular to the direction of ice flow, formed of a succession of low, relatively narrow, regularly spaced ridges.  3, record 10, English, - De%20Geer%20moraine

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In areas where the receding ice sheet or glacier bordered on a glacial lake or fronted in the sea, a succession of discontinuous, discrete ridges were formed that are straight to broadly arcuate. Such ridges denoting ice-frontal positions in former water bodies are termed De Geer moraines.  4, record 10, English, - De%20Geer%20moraine

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

A descriptive term used for this type of moraine is "washboard moraine."  5, record 10, English, - De%20Geer%20moraine

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Moraine perpendiculaire à l'écoulement glaciaire, constituée d'une succession de crêtes basses, relativement étroites et régulièrement espacées.  2, record 10, French, - moraine%20de%20De%20Geer

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Ce type de moraine, qui est formé de till, est un ensemble de segments relativement étroits (5 à 150 m) et peu élevés (1 à 10 m), longs de 50 à 1500 m et espacés de façon régulière selon des intervalles allant de 150 à 200 m. On estime que ces moraines se déposent dans des nappes d'eau peu profondes, soit une mer ou un lac, qui talonnent le glacier en régression. [...] Chaque segment serait un dépôt d'hiver, sédimenté lors de la récurrence du glacier.  3, record 10, French, - moraine%20de%20De%20Geer

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Ces crêtes glaciaires, parallèles et étroites, sont appelées moraines de De Geer, d'après le nom du géologue suédois qui, le premier, a compris que ces crêtes indiquaient la position hivernale des marges glaciaires qui reculaient en contact avec une étendue d'eau.  4, record 10, French, - moraine%20de%20De%20Geer

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 3 OBS

Un terme descriptif utilisé pour ce type de moraine est «moraine en planche à laver».  5, record 10, French, - moraine%20de%20De%20Geer

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Morrena perpendicular al curso de un glaciar formada por una serie de crestas bajas colocadas de forma regular.  1, record 10, Spanish, - morrena%20de%20De%20Geer

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

When accumulation minus ablation, the net budget, is zero over a long period, the glacier is in a steady state, accumulating new snow in its upper reaches and constantly moving downslope to the lower reaches, where ablation takes place.  4, record 11, English, - steady%20state

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The ice sheet is said to be in(dynamical) equilibrium if each column of ice gains as much as it loses. The mass balance integrated over the ice sheet must then be zero. The steady state concept is a theoretical concept, which will hardly ever be met because accumulation and ablation are highly variable on short time scales and the flow varies on much longer time scales. So only under a constant climate of say ten thousand years a real steady state will be reached.  2, record 11, English, - steady%20state

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

steady state: term used at Natural Resources Canada - Earth Sciences Sector.  5, record 11, English, - steady%20state

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Si un glacier est stationnaire au cours des ans (c'est-à-dire si sa forme et son volume ne varient pas) et si les bilans spécifiques sont également stationnaires, on peut affirmer que les vitesses en des points donnés (fixes dans l'espace) sont toujours les mêmes. Le mouvement est permanent, ou [...] le glacier a atteint un état de régime.  1, record 11, French, - %C3%A9tat%20de%20r%C3%A9gime

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

équilibre dynamique : terme en usage à Ressources naturelles Canada - Secteur des sciences de la Terre.  4, record 11, French, - %C3%A9tat%20de%20r%C3%A9gime

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An extension of a glacier or ice stream projecting seaward, usually afloat.  3, record 12, English, - glacier%20tongue

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The flow of an alpine glacier into a valley, causes the glacier to rapidly advance producing a swollen tongue of ice at the glacier's snout, known as the lobe.  8, record 12, English, - glacier%20tongue

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

tongue of ice: term used at Natural Resources Canada - Earth Sciences Sector.  9, record 12, English, - glacier%20tongue

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Extension d'un glacier, en aval du névé.  4, record 12, French, - langue%20glaciaire

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La langue [...] de glacier [est une] extension de l'inlandsis sous forme d'un lobe allongé qui descend une vallée par gravité ou par sa propre plasticité; elle sculpte la vallée souvent en U et la prolonge en fjord dans la mer.  5, record 12, French, - langue%20glaciaire

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Dans l'Antarctique, les langues de glacier peuvent atteindre plusieurs dizaines de kilomètres.  6, record 12, French, - langue%20glaciaire

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 2 OBS

langue glaciaire : terme en usage à Ressources naturelles Canada - Secteur des sciences de la Terre.  7, record 12, French, - langue%20glaciaire

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In all cases ice flow was controlled by the interisland channels and the ice surface gradient was low.  1, record 13, English, - ice%2Dsurface%20gradient

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La limite glaciaire, qui décroît progressivement vers le nord-est, se situe à environ 400 m au sud de l'île et à 200 m au nord-est. Ceci implique un gradient de la surface du glacier de moins de 1 m par kilomètre.  1, record 13, French, - gradient%20de%20surface%20du%20glacier

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The sliding of a glacier on its bed.  3, record 14, English, - basal%20sliding

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The difference between observed and calculated creep velocities is accounted for by basal sliding(U_s)... and in many glaciers U[ subscripts] may be the dominant term in ice flow accounting for up to 90% of the motion.  4, record 14, English, - basal%20sliding

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[This phenomenon] is the result of a glacier reaching its melting point at its base. It accounts for 90% of the glacier’s total movement and is responsible for erosion at the ice-rock interface on the beds of glaciers and ice sheets.  5, record 14, English, - basal%20sliding

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 2 OBS

basal slip: term used at Natural Resources Canada - Earth Sciences Sector.  6, record 14, English, - basal%20sliding

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Gisement d'un glacier sur son lit.  2, record 14, French, - glissement%20basal

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Phénomène qui compte pour 20 à 90 % de l'écoulement total d'un glacier. Caractéristiques de glaciers dits tempérés qui se trouvent dans des conditions de pression et de température telles qu'au moins la base du glacier est proche de l'état de fusion. Donc, une couche d'eau apparaît à la base du glacier quand ce dernier se bute à des obstacles mineurs qui font varier la pression et amènent l'écoulement du glacier.  3, record 14, French, - glissement%20basal

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 2 OBS

glissement basal : terme en usage à Ressources naturelles Canada - Secteur des sciences de la Terre.  4, record 14, French, - glissement%20basal

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A large mass of ice, often domed, reaching to about 1000 m height and 100 km width, resting on rock.  2, record 15, English, - ice%20rise

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The ice rise has a dome form with low surface slopes and low flow rates, resulting in a smooth ice surface which has low radar backscatter and appears dark in the imagery.  3, record 15, English, - ice%20rise

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

ice rise: term used at Natural Resources Canada - Earth Sciences Sector.  4, record 15, English, - ice%20rise

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La trace remonte un vallon morainique, puis s'élève plus franchement sur la langue terminale du glacier du Grand-Paradis. Au loin, le soleil éclaire les cimes du Mont-Blanc et de la Vanoise, l'air est frais, et nous nous élevons rapidement sur de grandes croupes glaciaires.  4, record 15, French, - croupe%20glaciaire

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 2 CONT

L'île est divisée par un isthme étroit en deux massifs : l'un est une croupe de glace haute de 130 mètres, aux parois raides [...]  5, record 15, French, - croupe%20glaciaire

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

croupe: Sommet de forme ronde ou arête de forme arrondie.  6, record 15, French, - croupe%20glaciaire

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 2 OBS

croupe glaciaire : terme en usage à Ressources naturelles Canada - Secteur des sciences de la Terre.  7, record 15, French, - croupe%20glaciaire

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The West Antarctic Ice Sheet(WAIS) is the segment of the continental ice sheet that covers West(or Lesser) Antarctica, the portion of Antarctica west of the Transantarctic Mountains. The WAIS is classified as a marine-based ice sheet, meaning that its bed lies well below sea level and its edges flow into floating ice shelves. The WAIS is bounded by the Ross Ice Shelf, the Ronne Ice Shelf, and outlet glaciers that drain into the Amundsen Sea.  2, record 16, English, - West%20Antarctic%20Ice%20Sheet%20Initiative

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The period during which ice formation does not affect river flow by more than 5% compared to flow during open water conditions.  3, record 17, English, - ice%2Dfree%20period

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The summer ice-free period has lengthened ... This leaves polar bears with less time on the sea ice to hunt for food ...  4, record 17, English, - ice%2Dfree%20period

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS

summer ice-free period: term used at Natural Resources Canada - Earth Sciences Sector.  5, record 17, English, - ice%2Dfree%20period

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Période comprise entre deux glacements, plus précisément entre un déglacement et l'englacement suivant.  3, record 17, French, - interglaciel

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Dans l'estuaire du Saint-Laurent, l'inter-glaciel dure de 7 à 8 mois; dans le Québec subarctique, de 4 à 5 mois; et dans l'Arctique canadien, de 1 à 4 mois.  3, record 17, French, - interglaciel

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 2 OBS

inter-glaciel : terme en usage à Ressources naturelles Canada - Secteur des sciences de la Terre.  4, record 17, French, - interglaciel

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A depression, in the form of a saddle, oriented at right angles to the direction of ice flow, resulting from differential erosion in a rock that is less resistant than the surrounding rock.  2, record 18, English, - saddle

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Any other orientation of the less resistant rock would have resulted in a groove or channel.  2, record 18, English, - saddle

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 2 OBS

saddle: term used at Natural Resources Canada - Earth Sciences Sector.  3, record 18, English, - saddle

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Dépression en forme de selle, orientée perpendiculairement à l'écoulement glaciaire, résultant de l'érosion différentielle d'une roche moins résistante que la roche encaissante.  2, record 18, French, - ensellement

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Toute autre orientation de la roche moins résistante aurait créé une rainure ou une cannelure.  2, record 18, French, - ensellement

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 2 OBS

ensellement : terme en usage à Ressources naturelles Canada - Secteur des sciences de la Terre.  3, record 18, French, - ensellement

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Lateral moraines are the mounds of still debris along the sides of valley glaciers parallel to the flow of ice.  1, record 19, English, - mound%20of%20till%20debris

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Dépôt de till mis en place par un glacier, à l'aval d'un noyau rocheux.  1, record 19, French, - butte%20%C3%A0%20tra%C3%AEn%C3%A9e%20de%20d%C3%A9bris

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La butte à traînée de débris est profilée et allongée dans le sens de l'écoulement glaciaire.  1, record 19, French, - butte%20%C3%A0%20tra%C3%AEn%C3%A9e%20de%20d%C3%A9bris

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 20,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Ice climbing is broadly divided into two spheres, alpine ice and water ice. Alpine ice is found in a mountain environment, usually requires an approach to reach, and is often climbed in an attempt to summit a mountain. Water ice is usually found on a cliff or other outcropping beneath water flows. Alpine ice is frozen precipitation whereas water ice is a frozen liquid flow of water. Both types of ice vary greatly in consistency according to weather conditions. Ice can be soft, hard, brittle or tough.  2, record 20, English, - alpine%20ice%20climbing

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Ice climbing ... is the activity of ascending inclined ice formations. Usually, though, ice climbing refers to roped and protected climbing of features such as icefalls, frozen waterfalls, and cliffs and rock slabs covered with ice refrozen from flows of water.  2, record 20, English, - alpine%20ice%20climbing

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 3 OBS

alpine ice climbing: term used by Parks Canada.  3, record 20, English, - alpine%20ice%20climbing

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Escalade pratiquée sur des glaciers, le plus souvent en haute montagne, où la glace ne provient pas d'eau gelée de cascades ou de chutes mais plutôt de neige durcie appelée névé.  1, record 20, French, - escalade%20glaciaire

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Terme en usage à Parcs Canada.  2, record 20, French, - escalade%20glaciaire

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 21,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Making of ice cream. The next step, freezing the mix, is accomplished by one of two methods : continuous freezing, which uses a steady flow of mix, or batch freezing, which makes a single quantity at a time. For both methods, the objective is to freeze the product partially and, at the same time, incorporate air. The freezing process is carried out in a cylindrical barrel that is cooled by a refrigerant...  1, record 21, English, - continuous%20freezing

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Procédé de congélation par lequel le produit est introduit en continu dans l'appareil par un mécanisme transporteur et en ressort congelé.  1, record 21, French, - cong%C3%A9lation%20en%20continu

Record 21,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 22,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The slow downward and outward movement of the ice in a glacier, due to the force of gravity(gravity flow). Deformation within the ice, by intergranular gliding, grain boundary migration, and recrystallization, is involved, together with sliding of the glacier on its bed in some situations.  4, record 22, English, - glacier%20flow

Record 22,  Textual support,  French

Record 22,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 23,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A moraine consisting of various kinds of materiel, displaying typical knob-and-basin topography.  3, record 23, English, - dead%2Dice%20moraine

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The second type [of non-oriented moraine] has high local relief and displays surfaces that range from irregular-mounded with many pits, to equidimensional mounded with few pits, and has been named disintegration, dead-ice, or stagnation moraine  4, record 23, English, - dead%2Dice%20moraine

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 OBS

This type of moraine frequently lacks linear elements, with no clearly defined orientation relative to ice flow. It is generally deposited by stagnant ice.  3, record 23, English, - dead%2Dice%20moraine

Record 23,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Moraine de décrépitude. Cette moraine présente une topographie typique en bosses et en creux, dépourvue d'éléments linéaires. La plupart du temps, cette moraine est déposée par une glace stagnante. Les matériaux qui la composent sont épais et de nature variée.  5, record 23, French, - moraine%20de%20d%C3%A9sagr%C3%A9gation

Record 23,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Morrena irregular formada con materiales diversos en el proceso normal de desagregación.  1, record 23, Spanish, - morrena%20de%20desagregaci%C3%B3n

Record 24,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A low, smoothly rounded, elongate hill of compact glacial till, or rarely other kinds of drift, built under the margin of the ice and shaped by its flow, or carved out of an older moraine by readvancing ice; its longer axis is parallel to the direction of movement of the ice. It usually has a blunt nose pointing in the direction from which the ice approached, and a gentler slope tapering in the other direction.  3, record 24, English, - drumlin

Record 24,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Colline ronde ou elliptique constituée de till et formée sous un glacier actif. Son grand axe est toujours orienté parallèlement au sens de l'écoulement glaciaire.  2, record 24, French, - drumlin

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Les drumlins et les drumlinoides ont plusieurs caractères en commun : une forme générale allongée et le grand axe toujours orienté parallèlement au sens de l'écoulement glaciaire. De plus, leur profil étiré est dissymétrique : un versant doux et long qui se raccorde à un flanc abrupt et court. Ce dernier indique l'amont de l'écoulement glaciaire.  3, record 24, French, - drumlin

Record 24,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Loma de forma elíptica, propia del fondo de los antiguos glaciares continentales, orientada en el sentido de la escorrentía del hielo.  1, record 24, Spanish, - drumlin

Record 25,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 CONT

When the temperature sinks on a cold winter's day water vapour becomes water and water becomes ice. These so-called phase transitions and the changed states of matter can be roughly described and understood with classical physics. What happens when the temperature falls is that the random heat movement in gases, liquids and solid bodies ceases. But the situation becomes entirely different when the temperature sinks further and approaches absolute zero,-273. 15°C. In samples of liquid helium what is termed superfluidity occurs, a phenomenon that cannot be understood in terms of classical physics. When a liquid becomes superfluid its atoms suddenly lose all their randomness and move in a coordinated manner in each movement. This causes the liquid to lack all inner friction : It can overflow a cup, flow out through very small holes, and exhibits a whole series of other non-classical effects. Fundamental understanding of the properties of such a liquid requires an advanced form of quantum physics, and these very cold liquids are therefore termed quantum liquids...  2, record 25, English, - quantum%20liquid

Record 25,  Textual support,  French

Record 25,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 26,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The St. Lawrence River naturally transports large amounts of solids; every day, for example, an average 17 000 metric tonnes of solid particles flow past the city of Quebec. These solid particles end their journey by settling at the bottom of the vast deep expanses of the marine estuary and the Gulf of St. Lawrence, though some stop for short or more extended periods on strands and coastal marshes, from which they disappear slowly with ice action, shore drift, tides or storms.  1, record 26, English, - ice%20action

Record 26,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le Saint-Laurent transporte naturellement de grandes quantités de matières solides. À titre d'exemple, l'ensemble des particules solides ayant transité, au terme de chaque journée, dans le fleuve à la hauteur de la ville de Québec représente en moyenne environ 17 000 tonnes métriques. Ces particules solides mettent fin à leur périple en se déposant sur les grandes étendues profondes de l'estuaire maritime et du golfe, bien qu'une partie de celles-ci effectuent une halte plus ou moins prolongée sur les battures et les marécages côtiers d'où elles sont évacuées lentement sous l'action des glaces, des courants littoraux, des marées ou des tempêtes.  1, record 26, French, - action%20des%20glaces

Record 26,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 27,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The displacement or advance of ice resulting from the very rapid flow [of a surging glacier].  1, record 27, English, - glacier%20surge

Record 27,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[...] transfert de glace assez rapide d'une couche élevée et épaisse d'un glacier à une couche plus basse et plus mince.  1, record 27, French, - crue%20glaciaire

Record 27,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 28,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The St. Lawrence River naturally transports large amounts of solids; every day, for example, an average 17 000 metric tonnes of solid particles flow past the city of Quebec. These solid particles end their journey by settling at the bottom of the vast deep expanses of the marine estuary and the Gulf of St. Lawrence, though some stop for short or more extended periods on strands and coastal marshes, from which they disappear slowly with ice action, shore drift, tides or storms.  1, record 28, English, - deep%20expanse

Record 28,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le Saint-Laurent transporte naturellement de grandes quantités de matières solides. À titre d'exemple, l'ensemble des particules solides ayant transité, au terme de chaque journée, dans le fleuve à la hauteur de la ville de Québec représente en moyenne environ 17 000 tonnes métriques. Ces particules solides mettent fin à leur périple en se déposant sur les grandes étendues profondes de l'estuaire maritime et du golfe, bien qu'une partie de celles-ci effectuent une halte plus ou moins prolongée sur les battures et les marécages côtiers d'où elles sont évacuées lentement sous l'action des glaces, des courants littoraux, des marées ou des tempêtes.  1, record 28, French, - %C3%A9tendue%20profonde

Record 28,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 29,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 OBS

A same designation could refer to a geographic or a geologic entity, sometimes with a slight variant in spelling or writing. It is important to distinguish one from the other and write each correctly according to the given context.  2, record 29, English, - Beechey%20Island

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Glacial striae and crystalline erratics on Beechey Island, at the southwestern end of Devon Island, are believed due to northwestward ice flow.  3, record 29, English, - Beechey%20Island

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 3 OBS

Located in the Arctic Archipelago.  4, record 29, English, - Beechey%20Island

Record 29,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La règle concernant la majuscule au générique d'un nom géologique demeure imprécise. Habituellement, les noms de divisions stratigraphiques portent la majuscule et les entités de moindre importance n'en portent pas.  2, record 29, French, - %C3%AEle%20Beechey

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Une même désignation peut se référer à une entité géographique et à une entité géologique, parfois avec une légère variante. Il importe de bien distinguer l'une de l'autre et d'utiliser la graphie correcte selon le contexte.  2, record 29, French, - %C3%AEle%20Beechey

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 3 OBS

On suppose que les stries glaciaires et les blocs erratiques de roches cristallines de l'île Beechey, à l'extrémité sud-ouest de l'île Devon, sont dus au mouvement des glaces vers le nord-ouest.  3, record 29, French, - %C3%AEle%20Beechey

Record 29,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 30,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 OBS

A same designation could refer to a geographic or a geologic entity, sometimes with a slight variant in spelling or writing. It is important to distinguish one from the other and write each correctly according to the given context.  2, record 30, English, - Resolute%20Bay

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Striae at Resolute Bay on the south coast axed Read Bay on the east coast indicated ice flow from an island ice cap.  3, record 30, English, - Resolute%20Bay

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 3 OBS

Located in Cornwalles Islands, Arctic Archipelago.  4, record 30, English, - Resolute%20Bay

Record 30,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La règle concernant la majuscule au générique d'un nom géologique demeure imprécise. Habituellement, les noms de divisions stratigraphiques portent la majuscule et les entités de moindre importance n'en portent pas.  2, record 30, French, - baie%20Resolute

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Une même désignation peut se référer à une entité géographique et à une entité géologique, parfois avec une légère variante. Il importe de bien distinguer l'une de l'autre et d'utiliser la graphie correcte selon le contexte.  2, record 30, French, - baie%20Resolute

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 3 OBS

Les stries de la baie Resolute, sur la côte sud de l'île, et de la baie Read, sur la côte est, indiquent le mouvement des glaces provenant d'une calotte insulaire.  3, record 30, French, - baie%20Resolute

Record 30,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 31,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Piling up of frazil under an ice cover on a river, which reduces the cross section of stream flow.  1, record 31, English, - hanging%20dam

Record 31,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Accumulation des paillettes de glace en suspension dans l'eau sous la couverture de glace d'une rivière, provoquant une réduction de la section d'écoulement.  1, record 31, French, - obstruction%20d%27un%20cours%20d%27eau%20par%20le%20frazil

Record 31,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Acumulación de hielo pastoso bajo la cubierta de hielo de un río, que reduce la sección transversal del curso de agua.  1, record 31, Spanish, - obstrucci%C3%B3n%20de%20un%20curso%20de%20agua%20por%20amontonamiento%20de%20hielo

Record 32,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Topographic ridge on an ice mass which induces a divergence of flow lines from a linear axis; may include saddles(i. e. : Keewatin, M’Clintock, and Labrador ice divides).  2, record 32, English, - ice%20divide

Record 32,  Textual support,  French

Record 32,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 33,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In most ice makers, the water pressure is regulated by a flow washer.  1, record 33, English, - flow%20washer

Record 33,  Textual support,  French

Record 33,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 34,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Paper 90-19, Geological Survey of Canada, 1993.  2, record 34, English, - Ice%20flow%20and%20glacial%20transport%20in%20lower%20St%2E%20Lawrence%2C%20Quebec

Record 34,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Commission géologique du Canada, 1993.  2, record 34, French, - Ice%20flows%20and%20glacial%20transport%20in%20lower%20St%2E%20Lawrence%2C%20Quebec

Record 34,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 35,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Till may also be squeezed into fracture systems or crevasses in the marginal zone of a receding ice sheet and form a criss-cross, irregular pattern of straight ridges that is more or less oblique to the direction of ice flow; some ridges, however, are transverse and some parallel to this direction. Such crevasse fillings have also been termed linear disintegration ridges  1, record 35, English, - linear%20disintegration%20ridge

Record 35,  Textual support,  French

Record 35,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 36,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A moraine perpendicular to the direction of ice flow, formed of a succession of irregular ridges; these ridges were probably deposited in areas of old lakes or seas confined by the walls of a valley. In plan view, the ridges appear more irregular and closer together than in a De Geer moraine.  2, record 36, English, - cross%2Dvalley%20moraine

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In other areas, swarms of somewhat similar ridges [De Geer moraines] occur in valleys, where meltwater was formerly ponded, and they "thin out" on the valley sides. Such areas, therefore, may be referred to as cross-valley moraines.  3, record 36, English, - cross%2Dvalley%20moraine

Record 36,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Moraine perpendiculaire à l'écoulement glaciaire, formée d'une succession de crêtes irrégulières; celles-ci ont probablement été déposées dans des zones d'anciens lacs ou mers confinés par les murs d'une vallée. En plan, les crêtes sont plus irrégulières et plus rapprochées que les crêtes d'une moraine de De Geer.  1, record 36, French, - moraine%20transversale%20de%20vall%C3%A9e

Record 36,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 37,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A flow pattern on glaciers in which the velocity decreases with distance downstream; thus the longitudinal strain rate(velocity gradient) is compressive. This condition requires a transverse or vertical expansion, or a negative net balance on the surface, because ice is almost incompressible.  1, record 37, English, - compressing%20flow

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Ant.: extending flow  1, record 37, English, - compressing%20flow

Record 37,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Type d'écoulement des glaciers caractérisé par une diminution de la vitesse en fonction de la distance vers l'aval.  3, record 37, French, - %C3%A9coulement%20en%20compression

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les dépôts glacio-marins indiquent le vêlage d'icebergs au front du glacier (écoulement en extension) tandis que le till en écailles définit au contraire une moraine de cisaillement, caractéristique d'un écoulement en compression de la glace frontale.  4, record 37, French, - %C3%A9coulement%20en%20compression

Record 37,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 38,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A moraine perpendicular to the direction of ice flow, marking the position of old marginal lobes; it consists of a complex network of low, repetitive ridges which are irregularly branched and variable in length and width. The ridges of till give the surface a bumpy, rolling appearance emphasized by the presence of numerous ponds and depressions. A corrugated moraine differs from a Rogen moraine in size and form.  2, record 38, English, - corrugated%20ground%20moraine

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In the Interior Plains, low relief ground moraine commonly displays short to elongate, irregular-branching transverse ridges that ... impart a corrugated or washboard-like form and pattern to broad areas. ... The term corrugated ground moraine is proposed for these areas of repetitive transverse ridges ...  3, record 38, English, - corrugated%20ground%20moraine

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The composite pattern of the ridges [is] generally accentuated by the presence of innumerable ponds and sloughs ...  3, record 38, English, - corrugated%20ground%20moraine

Record 38,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Moraine perpendiculaire à l'écoulement glaciaire, marquant la position d'anciens lobes marginaux; elle est constituée d'un réseau complexe de crêtes basses et répétitives à ramifications irrégulières, de longueur et de largeur variables. Les crêtes formées de till donnent à la surface une apparence bosselée et ondulée, accentuée par la présence de nombreux étangs et dépressions. Une moraine ondulée diffère d'une moraine de Rogen par ses dimensions et sa forme.  3, record 38, French, - moraine%20de%20fond%20ondul%C3%A9e

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 CONT

De vastes étendues des Prairies occidentales du Canada font voir une surface basse et onduleuse de crêtes glaciaires répétitives qui donnent à la surface une apparence généralement courbée et ondulée. Une telle moraine de fond ondulée marque clairement la position d'anciens lobes marginaux de l'inlandsis en retrait (...)  1, record 38, French, - moraine%20de%20fond%20ondul%C3%A9e

Record 38,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 39,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 DEF

That portion of a glacier that is periodically drained by glacier surges. This reservoir, which is refilled by direct snow accumulation or by normal ice flow between surges, may be located in nearly any part of the glacier system.  2, record 39, English, - ice%2Dreservoir%20area

Record 39,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Portion d'un glacier dont toute la glace s'écoule lors de crues glaciaires; ce réservoir est ensuite réalimenté par une accumulation directe de neige ou par écoulement normal de glace entre deux crues, et il peut être situé presque n'importe où sur le glacier.  1, record 39, French, - r%C3%A9servoir%20glaciaire

Record 39,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 40,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Glaciation model based on the hypothesis that the ice sheet or ice cap covering an area consists of a single dome, generally with radial flow.  1, record 40, English, - single%2Ddome%20model

Record 40,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Modèle de glaciation fondé sur l'hypothèse selon laquelle la nappe ou la calotte glaciaires recouvrant un territoire seraient constituées d'un seul dôme, généralement à écoulement radial.  1, record 40, French, - mod%C3%A8le%20%C3%A0%20d%C3%B4me%20unique

Record 40,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 41,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Elongate, sinuous ridges, generally parallel to the direction of ice flow... resemble eskers but are known to be composed of clayey till similar to that of the adjacent ground moraine rather than of stratified sand and gravel. It is believed that the till was squeezed into a subglacial tunnel in the ice  1, record 41, English, - till%20esker

Record 41,  Textual support,  French

Record 41,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 42,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 OBS

International dance-set pattern(...) The Argentine Tango should be skated with strong edges and considerable amount of "élan". Strong flow and fast travel over the ice are essential and must be achieved without obvious effort or pushing.  1, record 42, English, - Argentine%20tango

Record 42,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Danse internationale sur tracé prescrit (...) Le tango argentin s'exécute sur carres fortes et avec beaucoup d'élan. Un mouvement puissant et un déplacement rapide sur la glace sont essentiels et doivent être réalisés sans effort ni poussée manifestes.  1, record 42, French, - tango%20argentin

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Ce terme appartient au patinage artistique.  2, record 42, French, - tango%20argentin

Record 42,  Textual support,  Spanish