TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Study of first-year ice formation and movement can reveal important information about ice genesis and the mechanics of ice formation and transport. The role of ocean currents and winds can also be analyzed for specific areas.  2, record 1, English, - ice%20formation

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The process in which solid precipitation particles combine in the atmosphere to produce larger particles ...  2, record 2, English, - aggregation

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Aggregation is a key microphysical process for the formation of precipitable ice particles.  3, record 2, English, - aggregation

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Processus par lequel des particules solides [de précipitation] se combinent dans l'atmosphère pour former des particules plus grosses [...]  2, record 2, French, - agr%C3%A9gation

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

S'il y a assez de cristaux présents, il se produit une agrégation qui donne lieu à une précipitation de neige, même par ciel clair.  3, record 2, French, - agr%C3%A9gation

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Proceso por el cual las partículas sólidas de precipitación se juntan en la atmósfera, produciendo partículas de mayor tamaño; por ejemplo, pedrisco.  1, record 2, Spanish, - agregaci%C3%B3n

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

... a process that occurs during sea ice formation, in which salt is pushed from the ice, as it forms, into the surrounding seawater.  1, record 3, English, - brine%20rejection

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[Brine rejection] results in sea ice being fresher than the seawater from which it formed.  1, record 3, English, - brine%20rejection

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[...] processus qui se produit pendant la formation de la glace marine, dans laquelle le sel est rejeté de la glace, au fur et à mesure qu'elle se forme, dans l'eau de mer environnante.  1, record 3, French, - rejet%20de%20saumure

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[En raison du rejet de saumure,] le sel de la glace marine est plus dilué que celui de l'eau de mer à partir de laquelle elle s'est formée.  1, record 3, French, - rejet%20de%20saumure

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Two pathways to glaciogenic cloud seeding were developed. Static seeding aims at using modest or "optimal" amount of seeds with the target of forming ice(or snow) crystals that collect supercooled droplets in a process called riming, which leads to formation of graupels and their precipitation. The dynamic seeding aims at rapid glaciation of the whole cloud by using large amounts of seeds.  2, record 4, English, - dynamic%20cloud%20seeding

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Glaciogenic cloud seeding is usually done by dispersing efficient ice nuclei, such as silver iodide particles or dry ice (solid carbon dioxide) into the cloud, causing heterogeneous ice nucleation.  2, record 4, English, - dynamic%20cloud%20seeding

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le principe de l'ensemencement dynamique consiste essentiellement à provoquer une glaciation rapide des nuages surfondus en y introduisant des quantités suffisantes de noyaux glaçogènes ou réfrigérant. La libération de chaleur latente dont s'accompagne le gel des gouttes surfondues et/ou la croissance des cristaux de glace due au dépôt de vapeur augmente la poussée hydrostatique dans le nuage. En présence de conditions favorables, ceci entraîne l'épaississement et le gonflement du nuage, renforce le transport vertical d'eau à l'intérieur de celui-ci, et peut augmenter les quantités de précipitations reçues au sol.  1, record 4, French, - ensemencement%20dynamique

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Smooth rounded form of various types cut into bedrock by the combined erosive power of ice, meltwater and subglacial sediment under high pressure.  5, record 5, English, - p%2Dform

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Three main hypotheses have been proposed to explain the genesis of p-forms and include; formation under debris rich basal ice..., formation by subglacial meltwater erosion..., and through abrasion by saturated till... Given uncertainties regarding the origin of p-forms, several authors have suggested that the term p-form too strongly infers an origin by plastically deforming ice or till, and have introduced the term sculpted form or s-form... in its place. However, the term s-form has itself come to infer a meltwater origin for these features...  4, record 5, English, - p%2Dform

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

p-form: term used at Natural Resources Canada - Earth Sciences Sector.  6, record 5, English, - p%2Dform

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 OBS

p-form; plastically moulded form; plastically molded form; plastically sculpted detail form: designations usually used in the plural.  7, record 5, English, - p%2Dform

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

forme de cavitation : terme en usage à Ressources naturelles Canada - Secteur des sciences de la Terre.  2, record 5, French, - forme%20de%20cavitation

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 OBS

forme de cavitation : désignation habituellement utilisée au pluriel.  3, record 5, French, - forme%20de%20cavitation

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Frostbite is defined as the freezing of tissues with accompanying ice crystal formation leading to tissue injury and death. It is a severe injury that can result in tissue loss and permanent disability.  2, record 6, English, - frostbite

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La gelure est une lésion localisée causée par l'action directe du froid au cours d'une exposition plus ou moins longue à une température inférieure à 0 °C.  2, record 6, French, - gelure

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Daño tisular por exposición a temperaturas bajas.  2, record 6, Spanish, - congelaci%C3%B3n

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Lesiones por frío. Las lesiones producidas pueden ser generales[, por ejemplo,] enfriamiento o hipotermia [o] locales [como las] congelaciones [...]  3, record 6, Spanish, - congelaci%C3%B3n

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

There are a number of mechanisms of ice nucleation in the atmosphere through which ice nuclei can catalyse the formation of ice particles.  1, record 7, English, - ice%20nucleation

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Certains aérosols facilitent la nucléation de la glace en raison de leur structure moléculaire souvent semblable à celle de la glace. On appelle ces aérosols les noyaux glaçogènes.  1, record 7, French, - nucl%C3%A9ation%20de%20la%20glace

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A spike or pillar of ... glacier ice caused by differential melting and evaporation.  4, record 8, English, - penitent%20ice

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Necessary for this formation are 1) air temperature near freezing; 2) dewpoint much below freezing; and 3) strong insolation. Consequently, penitent ice is most developed on low-latitude mountains, especially the Chilean Andes, but has been found in polar regions. Penitents are oriented individually toward the noonday sun, and usually occur in eastwest lines.  4, record 8, English, - penitent%20ice

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

penitente: term of Spanish origin.  3, record 8, English, - penitent%20ice

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Pointe de glace [...] ou de glacier causée par la fonte et l'évaporation.  2, record 8, French, - p%C3%A9nitent%20de%20glace

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Lorsque le champ de neige se trouve sur un glacier, les pénitents, au lieu de tomber et de disparaître à la fin de l'été, continuent à se creuser dans la glace du glacier. Les pénitents de glace ne diffèrent des pénitents de névé qu'en deux points : a) La glace étant imperméable, l'eau de fonte coule entre eux, formant des mares qui se couvrent de glace la nuit. b) La glace renferme plus souvent que la neige des strates d'impuretés.  1, record 8, French, - p%C3%A9nitent%20de%20glace

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

One of a periodically repeated series of dark, curved structures occurring down a glacier that resemble a pointed arch.  2, record 9, English, - ogive

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

They may be ridges and swales in the ice or bands of darker or lighter ice. One theory of their formation suggests that the ice is stretched and sometimes dirtied when exposed in the icefall during the high velocities of summer; it is compressed during the winter so that bands of different ice thickness form.  3, record 9, English, - ogive

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Glacier ogive.  4, record 9, English, - ogive

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Figuration à la surface de la langue glaciaire, sous forme de lignes paraboliques à convexité tournée vers l'aval, des couches de glace de qualité et de teinte différentes résultant de la «foliation» primitive du névé [...]  2, record 9, French, - ogive

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Ogive glaciaire.  3, record 9, French, - ogive

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The SAGR consists of a clean stone bed that is fully aerated. In a typical configuration, water flows through the substrate horizontally, and a layer of insulating wood chips, mulch or shredded tires at the surface prevents ice formation in the bed, allowing the system to treat wastewater that is near freezing(<0. 5 °C).  3, record 10, English, - submerged%20attached%20growth%20reactor

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le [réacteur] consiste en un lit de gravier aéré à grosses bulles fournissant une grande surface de contact pour la croissance bactérienne. Le gravier force l'eau à s'écouler dans un chemin complexe afin de maximiser le contact avec la biomasse.  2, record 10, French, - r%C3%A9acteur%20submerg%C3%A9%20%C3%A0%20lit%20fixe

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Air-sea heat flux is the scientific term for the absorption and release of heat between the ocean and the atmosphere.  2, record 11, English, - air%2Dsea%20heat%20flux

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 2 CONT

In general, shelf water masses undergo seasonal modification in their properties as a result of the seasonal cycles of air-sea heat flux, wind-forced mixing and ice formation and melt...  1, record 11, English, - air%2Dsea%20heat%20flux

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

En général, les masses d'eau du plateau continental subissent des modifications saisonnières de leurs propriétés en raison des cycles saisonniers du flux thermique air-mer, du mélange par le vent et de la formation et de la fonte de la glace […]  1, record 11, French, - flux%20thermique%20air%2Dmer

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[A] nucleus which sets up the formation of ice crystals in the atmosphere...  7, record 12, English, - ice%20nucleus

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

An ice nucleus may be either a freezing nucleus or a sublimation nucleus. Recent studies of ice nucleation strongly indicate that natural ice nuclei, whatever their exact physicochemical nature, are freezing nuclei rather than sublimation nuclei.  8, record 12, English, - ice%20nucleus

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

ice nucleus; ice-forming nucleus; ice-producing nucleus: The plural form of "nucleus" is "nuclei."  9, record 12, English, - ice%20nucleus

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Noyau donnant naissance à de la glace [...]  4, record 12, French, - noyau%20gla%C3%A7og%C3%A8ne

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] certains aérosols, appelés «noyaux glacigènes», peuvent provoquer la nucléation de gouttelettes à des températures de l'ordre de -4 °C; plus la température est basse, plus ils sont actifs, et c'est ainsi qu'à -20 °C, près de 90 % des gouttelettes ont été nucléées en glace.  5, record 12, French, - noyau%20gla%C3%A7og%C3%A8ne

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Núcleo que ocasiona la formación de cristales de hielo.  2, record 12, Spanish, - n%C3%BAcleo%20glaci%C3%B3geno

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The oceans are mostly composed of warm salty water near the surface over cold, less salty water in the ocean depths. These two regions don’t mix except in certain special areas. The ocean currents, the movement of the ocean in the surface layer, are driven mostly by the wind. In certain areas near the polar oceans, the colder surface water also gets saltier due to evaporation or sea ice formation. In these regions, the surface water becomes dense enough to sink to the ocean depths. This pumping of surface water into the deep ocean forces the deep water to move horizontally until it can find an area on the world where it can rise back to the surface and close the current loop. This usually occurs in the equatorial ocean, mostly in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. This very large, slow current is called the thermohaline circulation because it is caused by temperature and salinity(haline) variations.  2, record 13, English, - deep%20water

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Eau de mer dérivant et circulant à des profondeurs comprises entre 2 000 et 4 000 m.  2, record 13, French, - eau%20profonde

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

eau profonde : désignation habituellement utilisée au pluriel.  3, record 13, French, - eau%20profonde

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Aguas cuya profundidad supera la semilongitud de onda de las olas.  2, record 13, Spanish, - aguas%20profundas

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The cold dense water which lies at the bottom of the oceans in contact with the ocean floor having distinctly different characteristics from the water immediately above it.  2, record 14, English, - bottom%20water

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Deep and bottom water masses. Deep water masses flow between the surface and intermediate water masses and the sea-bed; if the deepest water in contact with the sea-bed is distinguishable from the overlying water, it is referred to as bottom water.  3, record 14, English, - bottom%20water

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

It is formed in high latitudes as a result of the formation of sea ice.  2, record 14, English, - bottom%20water

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Eau de mer, froide et dense, formée en surface dans les régions-sources proches des pôles et plongeant jusqu'aux profondeurs abyssales.  2, record 14, French, - eau%20de%20fond

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

eau de fond : désignation habituellement utilisée au pluriel.  3, record 14, French, - eau%20de%20fond

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Agua marina densa enfriada en la superficie de zonas polares, que desciende a profundidades abisales.  2, record 14, Spanish, - agua%20de%20fondo

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The oceanic or limnological mixed layer is a layer in which active turbulence has homogenized some range of depths. The surface mixed layer is a layer where this turbulence is generated by winds, surface heat fluxes, or processes such as evaporation or sea ice formation which result in an increase in salinity.  2, record 15, English, - surface%20mixed%20layer

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Bien que les températures choisies soient arbitraires, les résultats qui suivent ne sont pas particulièrement sensibles à la température exacte retenue, car la couche de mélange en surface tend à se réchauffer et à se refroidir de manière linéaire au printemps et à l'automne […]  1, record 15, French, - couche%20de%20m%C3%A9lange%20en%20surface

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A water mass formed by deep winter convection at the coast of Antarctica, particularly in the Weddell and Ross Seas but also at other shelf locations.  3, record 16, English, - Antarctic%20bottom%20water

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The waters of the Atlantic Ocean, on the other hand, in the immediate vicinity of the Antarctic continent, especially around the Weddell Sea, reach extremely low temperatures particularly during winter. This low temperature, coupled with high salinity resulting from ice formation, causes the water mass to sink and flow along the ocean floor in a direction toward the equator. This water mass... is called Antarctic bottom water...  4, record 16, English, - Antarctic%20bottom%20water

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Pendant l'hiver austral, au contraire, l'eau littorale antarctique est à une température aussi basse que possible, et elle est plus salée qu'en été, car la congélation de la banquise expulse du sel. Dense, elle plonge alors le long de l'escarpement continental, et va former sur le fond la masse dite eau antarctique de fond, que sa forte densité va faire s'insinuer sous toutes les autres masses d'eau océaniques, et se répandre, au prix d'altérations successives de ses caractères initiaux, jusqu'au-delà de l'équateur.  1, record 16, French, - eau%20antarctique%20de%20fond

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Reproducido del "Titles, Names and Acronyms related to the activities of the International Oceanographic Commission of Unesco", con la autorización de Unesco.  1, record 16, Spanish, - agua%20de%20fondo%20del%20Ant%C3%A1rtico

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A low mound formed by local differential frost heaving at a location most favorable for the formation of segregated ice and accompanied by the absence of an insulating cover of vegetation.  1, record 17, English, - frost%20boil

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Monticule de faible hauteur formé par les soulèvements par le gel, dans un endroit très sujet à la formation de glace isolée, et marqué par l'absence de couche d'isolation végétale.  1, record 17, French, - ventre%20de%20b%26oelig%3Buf

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS

ventre de bœuf : terme et définition uniformisés par le Groupe de travail de terminologie du génie.  2, record 17, French, - ventre%20de%20b%26oelig%3Buf

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A bulletin issued by [local forecast] offices to alert the public to expected formation of thin ice on plants, trees, etc., when temperatures are expected to drop to between 30°F and 40°F. Since air temperature sensors are located 5 feet above ground level, frost will often occur when air temperature sensors indicate about 36°F. A bulletin may be issued indicating "Scattered Frost" or "Frost in low lying areas".  3, record 18, English, - frost%20warning

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Frost describes the formation of thin ice crystals on the ground or other surfaces in the form of scales, needles, feathers, or fans. Frost develops under conditions similar to dew, except the temperatures of the Earth's surface and earthbound objects falls below 32°F. As with the term "freeze, "this condition is primarily significant during the growing season. If a frost period is sufficiently severe to end the growing season or delay its beginning, it is commonly referred to as a "killing frost. "Because frost is primarily an event that occurs as the result of radiational cooling, it can occur with standard observing level temperature(at 5 feet above ground) in the mid to upper 30's.  4, record 18, English, - frost%20warning

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 2 OBS

In consulted sources, "frost warning" and "frost advisory" are defined in the same manner. However, Environment Canada differentiates a "warning" from an "advisory": "A weather advisory is issued when forecast conditions are expected to cause general inconvenience or concern, and do not pose a serious enough threat to issue a weather warning. An advisory will often precede a warning."  5, record 18, English, - frost%20warning

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Avis diffusé par les Services de météorologie lorsqu'ils prévoient que la température de l'air tombera à 2 °C ou moins pendant la saison de croissance des végétaux, qui s'étend du 15 mai au 15 octobre environ.  3, record 18, French, - avertissement%20de%20gel

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Avertissement; avis météorologique. [...] Cette procédure d'alerte est adoptée lorsque l'événement météorologique en cause est susceptible d'avoir de graves incidences sur la sécurité des personnes ou la conservation des biens. C'est le cas des avis de tempête diffusés aux marins ou des avis de gel transmis aux agriculteurs. Les moyens de diffusion mis en œuvre peuvent être très divers : télex, radiodiffusion, télévision, répondeurs téléphoniques, télématique (Minitel).  4, record 18, French, - avertissement%20de%20gel

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Dans certaines sources consultées, les termes «avertissement de gel» et «avis de gel» décrivent la même notion. Selon Environnement Canada l'«avertissement» décrit «des conditions météorologiques pouvant menacer la vie, les biens et le bien-être des gens». L'«avis» précède l'«avertissement». De façon générale, «warning» se traduit par «avertissement» et «advisory» par «avis».  3, record 18, French, - avertissement%20de%20gel

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[A system used] to measure the most important parameters involved in the formation of ice on the road surface(e. g. air temperature and humidity, road surface temperature, humidity and saltness of the surface) and to calculate the probability of its occurrence.  1, record 19, English, - ice%20warning%20system

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS

ice warning system: term proposed by the World Road Association.  2, record 19, English, - ice%20warning%20system

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[Système] mesurant les principaux paramètres en cause dans la formation du verglas (température et humidité de l'air, température de surface, humidité et salure de la chaussée) et calculant la probabilité d'apparition du verglas.  1, record 19, French, - avertisseur%20de%20verglas

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS

avertisseur de verglas : terme proposé par l'Association mondiale de la route.  2, record 19, French, - avertisseur%20de%20verglas

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[Sistema] que mide los principales parámetros que causan la formación de hielo en la calzada (temperatura y humedad del aire y temperatura de la calzada).  1, record 19, Spanish, - detector%20de%20hielo

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS

detector de hielo: término y definición propuestos por la Asociación Mundial de la Carretera.  2, record 19, Spanish, - detector%20de%20hielo

Record 20,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A technique that sprays a liquid chemical directly onto the road surface.  1, record 20, English, - direct%20liquid%20application

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The chemical prevents the formation of snow and ice, and also prevents snow and ice from bonding with the road surface. DLA can reduce the amount of road salt needed.  1, record 20, English, - direct%20liquid%20application

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Technique qui consiste à vaporiser un produit chimique directement sur la surface des routes.  1, record 20, French, - application%20directe%20de%20liquide

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le produit chimique empêche l'accumulation de neige et de glace, et empêche en outre la neige et la glace d'adhérer à la surface des routes. L'application directe de liquide peut réduire la quantité de sels de voirie nécessaire.  1, record 20, French, - application%20directe%20de%20liquide

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 21,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[An additive] for aviation fuels used to inhibit ice formation in aircraft fuel systems.  4, record 21, English, - fuel%20system%20icing%20inhibitor

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

Record 21,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 22,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A chemical compound which appears under the form of a colorless, nearly odourless liquid, is miscible with water, hydrocarbons and fatty acids, and is used in hydraulic brake fluids, in printing inks, as a coupling agent and penetrant for textiles, a fuel and a lubricant additive, an emulsifying agent, an inhibitor of ice formation in carburetors, and in cosmetics.  5, record 22, English, - 2%2Dmethylpentane%2D2%2C4%2Ddiol

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 OBS

2-methylpentane-2,4-diol: form recommended by the IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry).  1, record 22, English, - 2%2Dmethylpentane%2D2%2C4%2Ddiol

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Also known under the following commercial designations: Diolane; Isol; Pinakon.  5, record 22, English, - 2%2Dmethylpentane%2D2%2C4%2Ddiol

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 3 OBS

hexylene glycol: commercial name.  1, record 22, English, - 2%2Dmethylpentane%2D2%2C4%2Ddiol

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 4 OBS

alpha: This word must be replaced by the corresponding Greek letter or italicized.  5, record 22, English, - 2%2Dmethylpentane%2D2%2C4%2Ddiol

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 5 OBS

chemical formula: C₆H₁₄O₂ or (CH₃)₂COHCH₂CH₂OCH₃  5, record 22, English, - 2%2Dmethylpentane%2D2%2C4%2Ddiol

Record 22,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 OBS

2-méthylpentane-2,4-diol : forme recommandée par l'UICPA (Union internationale de chimie pure et appliquée).  1, record 22, French, - 2%2Dmethylpentane%2D2%2C4%2Ddiol

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 2 OBS

hexylèneglycol : nom commercial.  1, record 22, French, - 2%2Dmethylpentane%2D2%2C4%2Ddiol

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 3 OBS

Formule chimique : C₆H₁₄O₂ ou (CH₃)₂COHCH₂CH₂OCH₃  3, record 22, French, - 2%2Dmethylpentane%2D2%2C4%2Ddiol

Record 22,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Líquido incoloro miscible con agua, hidrocarburos y ácidos grasos. Combustible. Irritante.  1, record 22, Spanish, - hexilenglicol

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Fórmula química: C₆H₁₄O₂ o (CH₃)₂COHCH₂CH₂OCH₃  2, record 22, Spanish, - hexilenglicol

Record 23,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The damage to living produce caused by formation of ice in the tissues.  1, record 23, English, - freezing%20damage

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 OBS

freezing damage: term and definition standardized by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO).  2, record 23, English, - freezing%20damage

Record 23,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Altération de la vie du produit provoquée par la formation de glace dans les tissus.  1, record 23, French, - endommagement%20de%20cong%C3%A9lation

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 OBS

endommagement de congélation : terme et définition normalisés par l'Organisation internationale de normalisation (ISO).  2, record 23, French, - endommagement%20de%20cong%C3%A9lation

Record 23,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Daño a la vida útil de un producto, causado por la formación de hielo en los tejidos.  1, record 23, Spanish, - da%C3%B1o%20por%20congelaci%C3%B3n

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[Daño] ocasionado por la exposición de los productos a temperaturas de congelación durante largos periodos.  1, record 23, Spanish, - da%C3%B1o%20por%20congelaci%C3%B3n

Record 24,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A thin film of ice, floating on the surface at the start of ice formation and having the appearance of congealed fat.  5, record 24, English, - grease%20ice

Record 24,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Fine pellicule de glace flottant à la surface de l'eau au début de la prise en glace et ayant l'aspect de graisse congelée.  2, record 24, French, - sorbet

Record 24,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Fina película de hielo, que flota en la superficie del agua al principio del proceso de formación del hielo y que tiene la apariencia de grasa congelada.  1, record 24, Spanish, - hielo%20pastoso

Record 25,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Weather conditions conducive to the formation of ice on an aircraft in flight.  1, record 25, English, - icing%20conditions

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 OBS

These conditions are usually characterized by visible moisture in the air and temperatures around the freezing level. Pilots encountering icing conditions are urged to issue a pilot weather report (PIREP) immediately.  1, record 25, English, - icing%20conditions

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 2 OBS

icing conditions: term and definition standardized by the Glossary for Pilots and Air Traffic Services Personnel Committee.  2, record 25, English, - icing%20conditions

Record 25,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Conditions météorologiques pouvant provoquer la formation de givre sur un aéronef en vol.  1, record 25, French, - conditions%20de%20givrage

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Ces conditions se caractérisent généralement par la présence d'humidité visible dans l'air et des températures aux alentours du point de congélation. Les pilotes rencontrant des conditions de givrage doivent immédiatement transmettre un compte rendu météorologique de pilote (PIREP).  1, record 25, French, - conditions%20de%20givrage

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 2 OBS

conditions de givrage : terme et définition normalisés par le Comité sur le Glossaire à l'intention des pilotes et du personnel des services de la circulation aérienne.  2, record 25, French, - conditions%20de%20givrage

Record 25,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 26,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Deposit of ice crystals in the form of scales, needles, feathers and fans and which forms on objects in the same manner as dew, except that the water vapour of the air is transformed directly into ice crystals.  5, record 26, English, - hoar%20frost

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Hoarfrost [is] a deposit of interlocking ice crystals formed by direct sublimation on objects, usually those of small diameter freely exposed to the air, such as tree branches, plant stems and leaf edges, wires, and poles. Also, frost may form on the skin of an aircraft when a cold aircraft flies into warm and moist air or when it passes through air that is supersaturated with water vapor. Hoarfrost is formed similarly to the way dew is formed except that the temperature of the frosted object must be below freezing. Frost forms when air with a dew point below freezing is brought to saturation by cooling. In addition to its formation on freely exposed objects(air hoar), hoarfrost also forms inside unheated buildings and vehicles, in caves, in crevasses(crevasse hoar), on snow surfaces(surface hoar), and in air spaces within snow, especially below a snow crust(depth hoar). Hoarfrost is more fluffy and feathery than rime, which in turn is lighter than glaze. Hoarfrost is designated light or heavy(frost) depending upon the amount and uniformity of deposition.  6, record 26, English, - hoar%20frost

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Hoarfrost [is] due to nocturnal radiation. Hoarfrost forms during still, clear nights, is small in amount, needlelike in texture, the "needles" approximately perpendicular to the objects on which they occur, and most abundant along the edges.  7, record 26, English, - hoar%20frost

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 2 OBS

hoarfrost: sometimes confused with "rime."  7, record 26, English, - hoar%20frost

Record 26,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Couche épaisse de cristaux de glace produite par le gel d'un dépôt de vapeur d'eau.  2, record 26, French, - gel%C3%A9e%20blanche

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La gelée blanche est un dépôt de glace, d'aspect cristallin, affectant le plus souvent la forme d'écailles, d'aiguilles, de plumes ou d'éventails. Elle se forme d'une manière analogue à la rosée, lorsque la température du point de rosée de l'air est inférieure à 0 °C.  3, record 26, French, - gel%C3%A9e%20blanche

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Pour deux raisons, une gelée blanche cause moins de dommage à la végétation qu'une gelée noire : 1) elle tend à isoler la plante d'un froid plus intense, 2) elle libère la chaleur latente de fusion en faveur du milieu.  2, record 26, French, - gel%C3%A9e%20blanche

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 3 CONT

On considère qu'il existe trois types de gelées : Les gelées par advections ou gelées noires ou gelées de plein vent. [...] Les gelées blanches ou gelées par rayonnement. Elles se produisent surtout pendant certaines nuits claires de février ou mars et même éventuellement jusqu'au début mai et occasionnent de gros dégâts sur la floraison. [...] Les gelées par évaporation.  4, record 26, French, - gel%C3%A9e%20blanche

Record 26,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Precipitación atmosférica de gotitas de agua en estado de sobrefusión que, al entrar en contacto con una superficie sólida (plantas, hilos telegráficos, etc.), se congelan bruscamente sobre ella y la cubren de una capa de pequeños cristales de hielo.  3, record 26, Spanish, - escarcha

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 OBS

escarcha; helada blanca: términos utilizados por la Asociación Mundial de la Carretera.  4, record 26, Spanish, - escarcha

Record 27,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Science that deals with ice in all of its natural occurrences.  4, record 27, English, - glaciology

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Glaciology, thus, is concerned with the chemical and physical properties, general characteristics, formation, and distribution of ice; with glacier flow and the involved mechanics thereof; and with the interrelations between ice and climate. Glaciology draws upon the skills of the geologist, physicist, mathematician, crystallographer, meteorologist, and many others.  4, record 27, English, - glaciology

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 OBS

glaciology: ... the term is no longer restricted to the study of glaciers.  4, record 27, English, - glaciology

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 2 OBS

cCryology [more often than not, means] the science of refrigeration.  2, record 27, English, - glaciology

Record 27,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La glaciologie est l'étude de la glace naturelle sous toutes ses formes : neige, glace de glacier, de rivière, de lac, de mer, glace dans le sol, etc. Les cristaux de glace et de neige dans l'atmosphère sont plutôt étudiés par les météorologues au titre de la physique des précipitations. L'étude des glaciers conduit naturellement à rechercher les mécanismes de l'érosion glaciaire et de la formation des moraines, mais l'étude des formes de relief et des dépôts dus à d'anciens glaciers est laissée aux géomorphologues et aux géologues «quaternaristes».  2, record 27, French, - glaciologie

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La glaciologie [...] est habituellement considérée comme une branche de l'hydrologie.  3, record 27, French, - glaciologie

Record 27,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Ciencia que trata de las propiedades y formación de hielo, acumulación y acción del mismo en todas sus formas, especialmente en los glaciares.  2, record 27, Spanish, - glaciolog%C3%ADa

Record 28,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Ice formation due to freezing of snow slush on an ice cover. The white appearance of the ice is by the presence of air bubbles.  2, record 28, English, - snow%20ice

Record 28,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Glace se formant par la congélation d'un mélange de neige et d'eau.  3, record 28, French, - glace%20de%20neige

Record 28,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Hielo formado por congelación de una mezcla de nieve y agua.  1, record 28, Spanish, - nieve%20helada

Record 29,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Subdivision of the cloud genera taking into account one or more of the following features :(1) Forms(clouds in banks, veils, sheets, layers, etc.) ;(2) Dimensions(areas of their constituent elements, vertical extension, etc.) ;(3) Internal structure(ice crystals, water droplets, etc.) ;(4) Formation as a result of known or assumed physical processes(orographic lift, etc.).  2, record 29, English, - cloud%20species

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The species are mutually exclusive.  2, record 29, English, - cloud%20species

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Species of clouds: calvus (cal); capillatus (cap); castellanus (cas); congestus (con); fibratus (fib); floccus (flo); fractus (fra); humilis (hum); lenticularis (len); mediocris (med); nebulosus (neb); spissatus (spi); stratiformis (str); uncinus (unc).  2, record 29, English, - cloud%20species

Record 29,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Subdivision des genres de nuages déterminée selon au moins une des caractéristiques suivantes : 1) forme (nuages en bancs, en voile, en nappe, en couche, etc.); 2) dimensions (surface des éléments constitutifs, extension verticale, etc.); 3) structure interne (cristaux de glace, gouttelettes d'eau, etc.); 4) processus physiques, connus ou présumés, qui peuvent intervenir dans leur formation (soulèvement orographique, etc.).  2, record 29, French, - esp%C3%A8ce%20de%20nuages

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Les espèces s'excluent mutuellement.  2, record 29, French, - esp%C3%A8ce%20de%20nuages

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Les diverses espèces de nuages sont : fibratus (fib), lenticularis (len), uncinus (unc), fractus (fra), spissatus (spi), humilis (hum), castellanus (cas), mediocris (med), floccus (flo), congestus (con), stratiformis (str), calvus (cal), nebulosus (neb), capillatus (cap).  3, record 29, French, - esp%C3%A8ce%20de%20nuages

Record 29,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Subdivisión de los géneros de nubes teniendo en cuenta una o más de las siguientes características: 1) Forma (nubes en bancos, velos, sábanas, capas, etc.). 2) Dimensiones (extensión de los elementos constitutivos, extensión vertical, etc.). 3) Estructura interna (cristales de hielo, gotas de agua, etc.). 4) Procesos físicos, conocidos o hipotéticos, que pueden intervenir en la formación de la nube (nube orográfica, etc.).  1, record 29, Spanish, - especies%20de%20nubes

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Las especies son mutuamente excluyentes.  1, record 29, Spanish, - especies%20de%20nubes

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Especies de nubes: calvus (cal), capillatus (cap), castellanus (cas), congestus (con), fibratus (fib), floccus (flo), fractus (fra), humilis (hum), lenticularis (len), mediocris (med), nebulosus (neb), spissatus (spi), stratiformis (str), uncinus (unc).  1, record 29, Spanish, - especies%20de%20nubes

Record 30,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 CONT

ICING WIND TUNNEL. An icing open-circuit wind tunnel is available for research, development and testing purposes. The facility is located in Espoo, Finland. The tunnel is in a climate chamber with controlled air temperature and humidity conditions. The design enables wide variety of testing conditions based on customer demand.  1, record 30, English, - icing%20wind%20tunnel

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 OBS

... test section models are subjected to icing conditions and the formation and methods of removal of ice are studied.  3, record 30, English, - icing%20wind%20tunnel

Record 30,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La nouvelle soufflerie de givrage aide un constructeur d'aéronefs à effectuer des essais de certification.  2, record 30, French, - soufflerie%20de%20givrage

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 OBS

avec émission de fines gouttelettes d'eau et d'air refroidis pour l'étude de la formation du givre.  3, record 30, French, - soufflerie%20de%20givrage

Record 30,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 31,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 DEF

That temperature a product has to reached to be totally solidified.  2, record 31, English, - final%20temperature%20of%20freezing

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In vitro freezing of tissue. Early attempts at studying the effects of speed and final temperature of freezing of tissue slices on cellular damage had difficulty in separating these parameters. Rubinsky and co-workers developed a method of controlled freezing of tissue slices on a microscope slide moving along a temperature gradient between two constant temperature bases. They were able to freeze animal and human liver tissue with a constant cooling rate. Their experiments revealed that high cooling rates will result in intracellular ice formation and probably immediate cell death, representing the clinical situation very close to the cryoprobe. Lower cooling rates resulting in cellular dehydration and extracellular ice formation with large ice crystals propagating along the sinusoids, expanding them by a factor of two in diameter.  1, record 31, English, - final%20temperature%20of%20freezing

Record 31,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Température nécessaire à la congélation complète d'un produit.  2, record 31, French, - temp%C3%A9rature%20de%20cong%C3%A9lation%20totale

Record 31,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 32,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A diverse class of chondrites (one of the two divisions of stony meteorites), important because of the insights they provide into the early history of the solar system.  2, record 32, English, - carbonaceous%20chondrite

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[These chondrites] comprise about 3 percent of all meteorites collected after being seen to fall to Earth. Carbonaceous chondrites are subdivided into six well-established groups—CI, CM, CV, CO, CR, and CK—based on their bulk chemistry, petrology, and oxygen isotopic compositions.  2, record 32, English, - carbonaceous%20chondrite

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Carbonaceous chondrites show very little metamorphism but display evidence of chemical alteration by water, which continued after their formation, suggesting the parent body was rocky material mixed with ice. They contain a varied suite of organic compounds... and a high content of inert gases.  3, record 32, English, - carbonaceous%20chondrite

Record 32,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Une chondrite carbonée ou chondrite de type C est une météorite chondritique. Chondrites carbonées ou chondrites C sont une classe de météorites chondritiques comprenant au moins 7 groupes connus et de nombreuses météorites non groupées.  3, record 32, French, - chondrite%20carbon%C3%A9e

Record 32,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Se han encontrado también aminoácidos en ciertos meteoritos, las condritas carbonáceas, que representan aproximadamente el 5 por ciento de los meteoritos que se estrellan contra la Tierra.  1, record 32, Spanish, - condrita%20carbon%C3%A1cea

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 OBS

condrita : meteorito rocoso que contiene pequeñas esferas llamadas cóndrulos.  2, record 32, Spanish, - condrita%20carbon%C3%A1cea

Record 33,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Strategy for [Avalanche] Victims.... As the avalanche is coming to a stop. Make an air space around your mouth. [...] Keep one hand near your mouth to scoop out an air space and wiggle to make an air space around your body.... Your breath will quickly condense onto the snow around your mouth and form an "ice mask, "an impermeable barrier that allows carbon dioxide to more quickly build up around your mouth. A larger space around your mouth tends to delay the formation of an ice mask, giving you extra precious minutes. Also, a cavity around your body lets the carbon dioxide diffuse more efficiently. It is thought that completely buried victims without an air pocket usually die in 20 minutes while victims with an air pocket can live up to 120 minutes.  2, record 33, English, - ice%20mask

Record 33,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Une veste empêchant les victimes d'avalanche de s'asphyxier peut également s'ajouter au trio. De quoi s'agit-il? C'est une veste que vous portez par-dessus tout vos vêtements, dans laquelle il y a un petit bidule qui extirpe tout l'O₂ de la neige qui vous entoure et rejette votre CO₂ derrière vous (et non devant). Pourquoi cela? L'air nocif exhalé est chaud et humide. Par conséquent, il aura tôt fait de former un masque de glace devant vous, qui vous asphyxiera en quelques minutes. D'où l'avantage de ce produit, qui vous assure l'accès à l'oxygène plus longtemps.  1, record 33, French, - masque%20de%20glace

Record 33,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 34,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A system that permits engine heat to be diverted through the carburetor to melt any ice.  1, record 34, English, - carburetor%20heat

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 OBS

A device using the exhaust gas of an engine to increase the temperature of the air entering the carburetor... to give the best air temperature for proper carburetion and to prevent the formation of ice in the carburetor venturi.  2, record 34, English, - carburetor%20heat

Record 34,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Puis on règle le mélange, le réchauffage de carburateur, les volets pour les conditions fixées pour le vol horizontal.  1, record 34, French, - r%C3%A9chauffage%20de%20carburateur

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Rappelons que certains moteurs (Continental Lycoming) sont particulièrement sensibles au givrage, après réduction des gaz, par suite d'un refroidissement trop actif. Il y a donc lieu d'en tenir compte en actionnant le réchauffage du carburateur avant de réduire les gaz.  2, record 34, French, - r%C3%A9chauffage%20de%20carburateur

Record 34,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 35,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 OBS

the heave results from the formation of horizontal lenses or layers of clear ice created by freezing large amounts of water drawn to the--.  1, record 35, English, - frost%20zone

Record 35,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 OBS

le facteur le plus important est la profondeur de la --.  1, record 35, French, - zone%20gel%C3%A9e

Record 35,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 36,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The period during which ice formation does not affect river flow by more than 5% compared to flow during open water conditions.  3, record 36, English, - ice%2Dfree%20period

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The summer ice-free period has lengthened ... This leaves polar bears with less time on the sea ice to hunt for food ...  4, record 36, English, - ice%2Dfree%20period

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 OBS

summer ice-free period: term used at Natural Resources Canada - Earth Sciences Sector.  5, record 36, English, - ice%2Dfree%20period

Record 36,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Période comprise entre deux glacements, plus précisément entre un déglacement et l'englacement suivant.  3, record 36, French, - interglaciel

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Dans l'estuaire du Saint-Laurent, l'inter-glaciel dure de 7 à 8 mois; dans le Québec subarctique, de 4 à 5 mois; et dans l'Arctique canadien, de 1 à 4 mois.  3, record 36, French, - interglaciel

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 2 OBS

inter-glaciel : terme en usage à Ressources naturelles Canada - Secteur des sciences de la Terre.  4, record 36, French, - interglaciel

Record 36,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 37,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A metamorphic process occurring in a dry snowpack with a strong temperature gradient (usually >10°C/m) where takes place development of sharp corners and facets on snow grains and, eventually formation of depth hoar under higher temperature gradient (usually 20°C/M).  11, record 37, English, - faceting

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The formation of faceted grains marks the beginning of TG metamorphism.... As long as there is sufficient temperature difference between individual grains in the snowpack [and] if the size of the initial ice grains is large enough, the process of TG metamorphism will continue and large cup crystals with well-developed stepped surfaces will form... depth hoar.  12, record 37, English, - faceting

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 2 CONT

TG metamorphism is the result of a relatively large temperature difference between the ground surface and the snow surface in a shallow snowpack.  12, record 37, English, - faceting

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 OBS

There are two metamorphic processes in dry snow: equitemperature (ET) metamorphism (e.g. rounding) and temperature gradient (TG) metamorphism (e.g. faceting).  11, record 37, English, - faceting

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 2 OBS

The term constructive ... metamorphism [is] no longer used in North America.  12, record 37, English, - faceting

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 3 OBS

Temperature gradient metamorphism (TG): An older term used to describe the faceting or squaring process driven by strong temperature gradients. Currently the terms kinetic growth or faceting are preferred.  13, record 37, English, - faceting

Record 37,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 CONT

métamorphose constructive. Les cristaux de neige évoluent en cristaux à faces planes puis en gobelets creux si le gradient est suffisamment fort. Les grands cristaux deviennent toujours plus grands, les petits se dissolvent. Entraîne une perte de la résistance de la couche de neige métamorphosée.  3, record 37, French, - m%C3%A9tamorphose%20constructive

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Lorsque la différence de température dans le manteau neigeux est moyenne ou grande, nous assistons à une métamorphose constructive, c'est-à-dire à un agrandissement des cristaux de neige. Ils évoluent en cristaux à faces planes, puis ils prennent une forme concave, d'où leur nom de gobelets.  4, record 37, French, - m%C3%A9tamorphose%20constructive

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Selon le gradient de température, on considère les métamorphoses de faible (rounding), moyen ou fort (faceting) gradient. La notion anglaise «faceting» englobe à la fois les métamorphoses de moyen (formation de grains à face plane) et fort gradient (formation de gobelets).  5, record 37, French, - m%C3%A9tamorphose%20constructive

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 2 OBS

La morphologie des grains résultant dépend de la valeur du gradient : - gradient faible (<5 °C/m) = grains fins - gradient moyen (5 °C/m < gradient < 20 °C/m) = grains à face planes - gradient fort (gradient > 20 °C/m) = givre de profondeur (gobelets)  6, record 37, French, - m%C3%A9tamorphose%20constructive

Record 37,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 38,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Strategy for [Avalanche] Victims.... As the avalanche is coming to a stop. Make an air space around your mouth.... Keep one hand near your mouth to scoop out an air space and wiggle to make an air space around your body. Your breath will quickly condense onto the snow around your mouth and form an "ice mask, "an impermeable barrier that allows carbon dioxide to more quickly build up around your mouth. A larger space around your mouth tends to delay the formation of an ice mask, giving you extra precious minutes. Also, a cavity around your body lets the carbon dioxide diffuse more efficiently. It is thought that completely buried victims without an air pocket usually die in 20 minutes while victims with an air pocket can live up to 120 minutes.  2, record 38, English, - air%20pocket

Record 38,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Espace qu'une victime d'avalanche enfouie sous la neige se crée autour du visage avec les mains et en bougeant la tête et le corps juste avant que l'avalanche ne s'immobilise afin de prévenir l'asphyxie et augmenter ses chances de survie.  2, record 38, French, - poche%20d%27air

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Toutes les victimes ensevelies ne disposant pas d'une poche d'air meurent par asphyxie.  3, record 38, French, - poche%20d%27air

Record 38,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 39,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Formation of ice, rime or hoar frost on an aircraft.  7, record 39, English, - aircraft%20icing

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[Rime] is one of the results of an ice storm, and when formed on aircraft it is called rime icing.  2, record 39, English, - aircraft%20icing

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 OBS

aircraft icing; icing: terms officially approved by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO).  8, record 39, English, - aircraft%20icing

Record 39,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Formation de glace, givre ou gelée blanche sur un aéronef.  5, record 39, French, - givrage%20d%27a%C3%A9ronef

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 OBS

givrage d'aéronef; givrage : termes uniformisés par l'Organisation de l'aviation civile internationale (OACI).  6, record 39, French, - givrage%20d%27a%C3%A9ronef

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 2 OBS

accumulation de glace : terme uniformisé par le Comité d'uniformisation de la terminologie aéronautique (CUTA) - Opérations aériennes.  6, record 39, French, - givrage%20d%27a%C3%A9ronef

Record 39,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Formación de hielo, rocío blanco o escarcha en una aeronave.  3, record 39, Spanish, - engelamiento%20de%20aeronave

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 OBS

engelamiento de aeronave; engelamiento: términos aceptados oficialmente por la Organización de Aviación Civil Internacional (OACI).  4, record 39, Spanish, - engelamiento%20de%20aeronave

Record 40,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The elimination of ice formation on [roads and] airport runways.  2, record 40, English, - removal%20of%20ice

Record 40,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Action d'enlever le verglas sur les routes ou d'empêcher sa formation.  2, record 40, French, - d%C3%A9vergla%C3%A7age

Record 40,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 41,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A surface treatment, as with calcium chloride solution, to prevent or reduce cohesion of coal particles by ice formation during freezing weather.  2, record 41, English, - freeze%2Dproofing

Record 41,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Traitement superficiel d'un produit utilisant, par exemple, une solution de chlorure de calcium, destiné à empêcher ou à réduire l'agglomération des particules de charbon par la formation de glace, pendant les gelées d'hiver.  2, record 41, French, - traitement%20antigel

Record 41,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 42,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The formation, movement, and recession of glaciers or ice sheets.  2, record 42, English, - glaciation

Record 42,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Formation particulière des périodes glaciaires.  2, record 42, French, - glaciation

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 CONT

glacié, ée : Qui a subi le phénomène de la glaciation.  2, record 42, French, - glaciation

Record 42,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Cada una de las épocas glaciares durante las cuales la persistencia de un clima frío ha provocado la multiplicación y extensión de los glaciares y el descenso de los casquetes polares hasta las zonas templadas.  2, record 42, Spanish, - glaciaci%C3%B3n

Record 43,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The prevention of the formation of ice upon any object, especially applied to aircraft icing.  2, record 43, English, - anti%2Dicing

Record 43,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Prévention de la formation de givre ou de glace sur un objet.  3, record 43, French, - antigivrage

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[L']antigivrage [est une] technique dont le but est d'empêcher la formation du givre sur divers éléments (ailes, empennages, pales, entrées d'air, carburateur) d'un aéronef. L'antigivrage diffère du dégivrage qui détruit les couches de glace, après leur formation.  4, record 43, French, - antigivrage

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 2 CONT

L'anti-givrage du planeur est assuré par le réchauffage des becs d'attaque de la voilure et de l'empennage. [Le code de source complet est INCAR-SE-210, 1971, 2, 30-10-0, 1.]  2, record 43, French, - antigivrage

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 OBS

antigivrage : terme uniformisé par le Comité d'uniformisation de la terminologie aéronautique (CUTA) - Opérations aériennes.  5, record 43, French, - antigivrage

Record 43,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 44,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The initial stage of fast ice formation consisting of nilas or young ice, its width varying from a few metres up to 100-200 m from the shoreline.  2, record 44, English, - young%20coastal%20ice

Record 44,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Stade initial de la formation d'une banquise côtière représenté par le nilas ou la jeune glace; sa largeur varie de quelques mètres jusqu'à 100 ou 200 mètres à partir de la côte.  2, record 44, French, - jeune%20glace%20c%C3%B4ti%C3%A8re

Record 44,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 45,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Sea ice having a rugged, uneven surface due to the formation of hummocks.  4, record 45, English, - hummocked%20ice

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A lead is a navigable passage through pack ice; when these leads close up again the floes are piled up on one another, and hummocky ice results.  5, record 45, English, - hummocked%20ice

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 OBS

It has the appearance of smooth hillocks when weathered [and it is a] form of pressure ice.  4, record 45, English, - hummocked%20ice

Record 45,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Entassement de glaces sous la forme d'un monticule plus ou moins conique, émergeant de la surface glacielle.  4, record 45, French, - chaos%20de%20glace

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les chaos de glace sont habituellement produits par les pressions exercées par la marée, les vagues ou l'expansion thermique de la glace dans les lacs.  4, record 45, French, - chaos%20de%20glace

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 2 CONT

De la glace débordante ou des chaos de glace peuvent aussi se former lorsque des masses flottantes sont pressées l'une contre l'autre.  5, record 45, French, - chaos%20de%20glace

Record 45,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 46,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Intense formation of ice on objects by the freezing, on impact, of rain or drizzle.  4, record 46, English, - ice%20storm

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Ice coating at least one-fourth inch in thickness is heavy enough to damage trees, overhead wires, and similar objects and to produce widespread power outage.  5, record 46, English, - ice%20storm

Record 46,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Intense formation de glace sur les objets par gel, dès l'impact, de gouttes de pluie ou de gouttelettes de bruine.  2, record 46, French, - temp%C3%AAte%20de%20verglas

Record 46,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Acumulación intensa de hielo sobre objetos por congelación de las gotas de lluvia o llovizna al chocar.  1, record 46, Spanish, - temporal%20de%20cencellada

Record 47,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Meteor consisting of an ensemble of liquid or solid water particles falling through or suspended in the atmosphere, blown by the wind from the Earth’s surface or deposited on objects on the ground or in the free air.  2, record 47, English, - hydrometeor

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[Examples of hydrometeors. ] Liquid or solid water formation that is suspended in the air includes clouds, fog, ice fog, and mist. Drizzle and rain are examples of liquid precipitation, while freezing drizzle and freezing rain are examples of freezing precipitation. Solid or frozen precipitation includes ice pellets, hail, snow, snow pellets, snow grains, and ice crystals. Water vapor that evaporates before reaching the ground is virga. Examples of liquid or solid water particles that are lifted off the earth's surface by the wind includes drifting and blowing snow and blowing spray. Dew, frost, rime, and glaze are examples of liquid or solid water deposits on exposed objects.  3, record 47, English, - hydrometeor

Record 47,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Météore consistant en un ensemble de particules d'eau, liquides ou solides en chute ou en suspension dans l'atmosphère, ou soulevées de la surface du globe par le vent, ou déposées sur des objets au sol ou dans l'atmosphère libre.  3, record 47, French, - hydrom%C3%A9t%C3%A9ore

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La pluie, la neige, la grêle, la rosée, le givre, le verglas sont les principaux hydrométéores que l'on rencontre habituellement au voisinage du sol et qui sont susceptibles d'affecter l'agriculture.  4, record 47, French, - hydrom%C3%A9t%C3%A9ore

Record 47,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Meteoro acuoso que se produce como consecuencia de las modificaciones que sufre el vapor de agua que se halla en la atmósfera.  2, record 47, Spanish, - hidrometeoro

Record 48,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Formation of ice cover on a water surface due to seasonal cooling.  2, record 48, English, - freeze%2Dup