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IF THIS THEN THAT [100 records]

Record 1 2025-05-09

English

Subject field(s)
  • Physics
  • Astronomy
CONT

The key idea in explaining the way in which structures evolve in the universe is gravitational instability. If material is to be brought together to form structures then a long-range force is required, and gravity is the only known possibility.... Suppose that at some initial time, say decoupling, there are small irregularities in the distribution of matter. Those regions with more matter will exert a greater gravitational force on their neighbouring regions, and hence tend to draw surrounding material in. This extra material makes them even denser than before, increasing their gravitational attraction and further enhancing their pull on their neighbours...

French

Domaine(s)
  • Physique
  • Astronomie
DEF

Processus par lequel les petites surdensités de matière présentes au début de l'évolution cosmique s'amplifient sous l'effet de leur propre attraction gravitationnelle jusqu'à former des galaxies et d'autres structures cosmiques.

OBS

instabilité gravitationnelle : désignation et définition publiées au Journal officiel de la République française le 26 janvier 2025.

Spanish

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Record 2 2025-02-04

English

Subject field(s)
  • Applications of Automation
  • Collaboration with WIPO
CONT

Scientists at the University of Colorado, Boulder, had developed a first and fully re-healable and recyclable electronic material. This novel technology functions like properties of human skin, capable of measuring pressure, temperature and vibration. Technically, it's a self-healing robot[, ] for instance if robots are wrapped in an electronic material that mimics... human skin[, ] theoretically it can also sense objects that are too hot or too cold or if more or less pressure needs to be exerted on an object. If this material is beyond repair, then it can be soaked in a solution that separates out the silver nanoparticles then be fully recycled into new usable material...

OBS

self-healing robot: designation validated by a Canadian subject-matter expert from Polytechnique Montréal.

Key term(s)
  • self healing robot
  • SearchOnlyKey1

French

Domaine(s)
  • Automatisation et applications
  • Collaboration avec l'OMPI
OBS

robot autoréparable : désignation validée par un spécialiste canadien de Polytechnique Montréal.

Key term(s)
  • robot auto-réparable

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Automatización y aplicaciones
  • Colaboración con la OMPI
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Record 3 2024-09-27

English

Subject field(s)
  • Physiotherapy
DEF

A test used to diagnose benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) that consists of a series of head, neck, and body movements that reproduce the vertigo sensation.

CONT

The Dix-Hallpike test is typically performed in a doctor's office. The doctor will ask you to sit upright on an exam table with your legs stretched out in front of you and your head turned to one side. They will then ask you to lower your head and torso back so that you end up lying with your head stretched off the edge of the exam table, turned with one ear down at a 45-degree angle. If there are misplaced calcium deposits(also called canaliths) in the posterior canal of your inner ear, this will trigger vertigo symptoms.

OBS

Benign positional paroxysmal vertigo (BPPV) is one of the most common causes of vertigo. The Dix-Hallpike maneuver is the gold standard test used to diagnose BPPV, which is crucial in confirming posterior canal BPPV.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Physiothérapie
DEF

Manœuvre clinique qui vise à confirmer le diagnostic du vertige paroxystique positionnel bénin (VPPB) en reproduisant le vertige par l'entremise d'une série de mouvements de la tête, du cou et du corps.

CONT

Le diagnostic sera confirmé par la manœuvre de Dix et Hallpike, qui consiste à reproduire le vertige en basculant le patient vers le côté déclenchant (le sujet, assis jambes pendantes au milieu de la table d'examen, est rapidement couché par l'examinateur vers le côté supposé atteint). La manœuvre est positive lorsqu'elle provoque un vertige et/ou des mouvements des yeux (appelés nystagmus) que le médecin va observer.

Spanish

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Record 4 2024-07-18

English

Subject field(s)
  • Electronic Music
CONT

A paraphonic synth can play multiple notes at a time, but only has one voice architecture—in other words, every played note shares the same VCA [voltage controlled amplifier] envelope. This means that you cannot play one note and then trigger a second note while the first note continues to ring out. If you play a second note then either the first note will trigger again, or it will simply stop/end.

Key term(s)
  • paraphonic synthesiser

French

Domaine(s)
  • Musique électronique
CONT

On trouve aussi des synthés para­pho­niques. Par para­pho­nie, il faut entendre la capa­cité de jouer plusieurs notes en même temps, mais à travers un goulot d'étran­gle­ment à un moment donné.

Spanish

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Record 5 2024-03-15

English

Subject field(s)
  • National and International Security
  • Criminology
CONT

With the benefits of travelling solo, the question of security still remains an important issue. However, this too has two solutions. The first is to try and crime proof oneself and the second is to choose the destinations that are safe for travelling alone. When it comes to crime-proofing, it is advisable to learn some kind of martial arts like judo or karate. There are three main tricks of the trade — never hitchhike; do not easily trust anyone and do not indulge into drinking. If these three principles are followed then it becomes relatively safe for women to travel outdoors all alone.

Key term(s)
  • crimeproof oneself
  • crime-proof oneself

French

Domaine(s)
  • Sécurité nationale et internationale
  • Criminologie
CONT

Une fois à l'étranger. Soyez prudent. Même si vous vous sentez en sécurité dans votre pays de destination, il est essentiel de vous protéger contre le crime : Demeurez vigilant et à l'affût de ce qui se passe autour de vous. Réduisez au maximum votre consommation d'alcool; ne consommez pas et ne transportez pas de stupéfiants, et ne vous impliquez pas dans leur trafic. Faites vous-même vos valises et ne les laissez jamais sans surveillance. Ne traversez jamais la frontière avec des articles, pas même une enveloppe, pour une autre personne.

Spanish

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Record 6 2023-08-04

English

Subject field(s)
  • Citizenship and Immigration
CONT

It may be that the guarantee which... is implied in the Naturalization Act covers the ground. If so, there is then in this Act[, ] as applied to the appellant(a naturalized subject)...

Key term(s)
  • naturalised subject

French

Domaine(s)
  • Citoyenneté et immigration

Spanish

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Record 7 2022-09-15

English

Subject field(s)
  • Meteorological Forecasting, Data Measurement and Analysis
CONT

There is a systematic bias in the reporting of POP [probability of precipitation] by television stations. Research shows : weather presenters intentionally report higher probabilities for rain than they believe.... The idea is that the general public will blame them if it rains when the prediction was for no rain(people often equate very low POP with no rain), whereas if the prediction is wrong the other way around-high POP but no rain-then people are relieved and do not blame the forecasters. This bias is well enough established to have its own name : the "wet bias. "

French

Domaine(s)
  • Prévisions météorologiques et mesure et analyse des données

Spanish

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Record 8 2022-04-27

English

Subject field(s)
  • Climate Change
  • Pollutants
CONT

In the Northern Hemisphere, the latitudinal and seasonal patterns of the early twentieth century warming are remarkably similar to the patterns predicted by the equilibrium response general circulation model study of Manabe and Stouffer for a quadrupling of CO2 concentration. If this similarity was a result of early twentieth century CO2 forcing then it may indicate that equilibrium models can give realistic results... If CO2 [is] not the dominant forcing mechanism then this similarity supports the idea that the latitudinal patterns of climatic change are largely independent of the type of forcing.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Changements climatiques
  • Agents de pollution
DEF

Forçage de l'équilibre radiatif de la planète que provoque l'augmentation de la concentration atmosphérique du dioxyde de carbone.

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Cambio climático
  • Agentes contaminantes
CONT

Las reducciones de la cubierta de nieve han disminuido la reflectividad de la superficie, provocando casi tanto calentamiento local como el forzamiento de dióxido de carbono durante los últimos 30 años.

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Record 9 2022-01-27

English

Subject field(s)
  • Commercial Fishing
CONT

Volumetric estimates of fish in holding bins(converted to weight) comprise a more accurate method for deriving total catch weight. To apply this technique, first calculate the weight capacity of the holding bin from its volume. If the bin is cubic or rectangular, multiply its length(L), width(W), and height(W) to derive volume … If the holding area is odd-shaped, draw a diagram that separates it into symmetrical portions, calculate volume for each portion, then add these volumes.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Pêche commerciale

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Pesca comercial
CONT

Los porcentajes de capturas accesorias anteriormente fijados se calcularán al final de cada marea, en función del peso total de las capturas, de conformidad con la reglamentación senegalesa.

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Record 10 2022-01-11

English

Subject field(s)
  • Collaboration with the FAO
  • Sonar and Underwater Detection (Military)
  • Commercial Fishing
CONT

... the idea has grown that traditional fixed shellfish and finfish traps that have end lines and surface marker floats should be re-engineered to enable trap retrieval without line in the water column, except if needed during trap retrieval... there... needs to be an alternative system to fulfill the surface buoy's role of enabling the trap owner and other vessels to know where traps are located on the bottom. Without this virtual marker, layovers of different strings of traps will be inevitable—and potentially dangerous in deeper waters. This requires development of a robust, affordable trap marker that acquires a GPS position before deployment, and then ideally updates its position by ranging from passing vessels equipped to communicate with the virtually marked traps. Where traps are attached to each other in a string or trawl, traps at each end of the trawl would be marked. An acoustic trap marker would also enable recovery of displaced traps, reducing ghost gear.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Collaboration avec la FAO
  • Sonar et détection sous-marine (Militaire)
  • Pêche commerciale

Spanish

Save record 10

Record 11 2021-09-14

English

Subject field(s)
  • Cargo (Water Transport)
  • Naval Forces
DEF

A cargo already loaded which the consignee country regards as immediately vital for the prosecution of the war or for national survival, notwithstanding the risk to the ship.

OBS

If the cargo is carried in a ship of another nation, then that nation must agree to the delivery of the cargo. The use of this term is limited to the period of implementation of the shipping movement policy.

OBS

immediately vital cargo; IVC: designations and definition standardized by NATO.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Cargaisons (Transport par eau)
  • Forces navales
DEF

Cargaison déjà chargée que le pays consignataire considère comme immédiatement vitale pour la poursuite de la guerre ou pour la survie nationale, nonobstant les risques encourus par le navire.

OBS

Si celui-ci appartient à un autre pays, la livraison doit être autorisée par ce pays. Ce terme n'est utilisé que pour la période de mise en application du plan de sauvegarde de la marine commerciale.

OBS

cargaison immédiatement vitale; IVC : désignations et définition normalisées par l'OTAN.

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Cargamento (Transporte por agua)
  • Fuerzas navales
DEF

Cargamento, ya situado a bordo, que el país destinatario considera como inmediatamente vital para la prosecución de la guerra o para la supervivencia nacional, pese a los riesgos que pueda correr el navío.

OBS

Si la carga es transportada por un buque de otra nación, ésta debe estar de acuerdo para entregarla. El uso de este término se limita al período de aplicación de la política de tráfico marítimo.

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Record 12 2021-01-13

English

Subject field(s)
  • The Executive (Constitutional Law)
  • Political Institutions
  • Practice and Procedural Law
DEF

[To] charge the holder of a public office with misconduct.

CONT

When an irate citizen demands that a disfavored public official be impeached, the citizen clearly intends for the official to be removed from office. This popular use of "impeach" as a synonym of "throw out"(even if by due process) does not accord with the legal meaning of the word. When a public official is impeached, that is, formally accused of wrongdoing, this is only the start of what can be a lengthy process that may or may not lead to the official' s removal from office. In strict usage, an official is impeached(accused), tried, and then convicted or acquitted.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Pouvoir exécutif (Droit constitutionnel)
  • Institutions politiques
  • Droit judiciaire
CONT

Pour renverser le président, les députés n'ont qu'un seul moyen : le «mettre en accusation», c'est-à-dire entamer la procédure de destitution appelée «impeachment».

Spanish

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Record 13 2020-02-24

English

Subject field(s)
  • Information Processing (Informatics)
  • Internet and Telematics
  • Simulation (Cybernetic Systems)
  • Collaboration with WIPO
CONT

Operating the user interface as a browser plug-in enables augmented browsing based on the content of the web site : the plug-in can communicate with the server with information about the currently open website and can receive relevant alert messages. It can then modify the currently browsed website by adding posts that alert messages refer to. For example, if a user is considering purchase of a product on an e-commerce site, the browser plug-in could display posts reviewing that product from other sources. The user can also send a reaction message through using the browser plug-in. In this embodiment, reaction messages could be up-votes or down-votes on the posts that were displayed and thus serve as training data.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Traitement de l'information (Informatique)
  • Internet et télématique
  • Simulation (Systèmes cybernétiques)
  • Collaboration avec l'OMPI

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Tratamiento de la información (Informática)
  • Internet y telemática
  • Simulación (Sistemas cibernéticos)
  • Colaboración con la OMPI
CONT

Navegación aumentada. El posicionamiento GPS [sistema de posicionamiento mundial] nos permite obtener información contextual "aumentada" en tiempo real sobre el espacio físico por el que nos desplazamos. Esta técnica permite mantener una vigencia informativa casi al segundo sobre el sitio en el que estamos, lo que se traduce en infinidad de aplicaciones […]

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Record 14 2019-11-28

English

Subject field(s)
  • Various Proper Names
  • Informatics
  • Software
OBS

If This Then That... is an online service that automates Web-based tasks so that when user-specified events occur, follow-up tasks are triggered and handled.

OBS

[IFTTT was founded] in 2010 and officially launched [in] 2011.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Appellations diverses
  • Informatique
  • Logiciels
OBS

Lancé en 2011, IFTTT est un service [...] capable de connecter ensemble de multiples services et [d'automatiser] des tâches très simplement sous la forme d'une recette avec à chaque fois : une condition et des conséquences[, l'une des règles les plus élémentaires d'un algorithme.]

Spanish

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Record 15 2018-12-17

English

Subject field(s)
  • Clinical Psychology
CONT

Catastrophizing is a way of thinking called a "cognitive distortion. "A person who catastrophizes usually sees an unfavorable outcome to an event and then decides that if this outcome does happen, the results will be a disaster.

Key term(s)
  • catastrophising

French

Domaine(s)
  • Psychologie clinique
CONT

L'anticipation est liée à des pensées catastrophistes à propos du futur. C'est comme si nous vivions dans un danger proche et constant et que nous devions nous protéger des possibles menaces futures.

Spanish

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Record 16 2017-09-26

English

Subject field(s)
  • Symptoms (Medicine)
  • Muscles and Tendons
DEF

A procedure designed to evaluate the strength of the gluteus medius muscle. The examiner stands behind the patient and observes the dimples overlying the posterior superior iliac spines, then, he asks the patient to stand on one leg. If he stands erect, the gluteus medius muscle on the supported side should contract as soon as the leg leaves the ground and should elevate the pelvis on the unsupported side. This elevation indicates that the gluteus medius muscle on the supported side is functioning properly(negative Trendelenburg sign). However, if the pelvis on the unsupported side remains in position or actually descends, the gluteus medius muscle on the supported side is either weak or nonfunctioning(positive Trendelenburg sign).

French

Domaine(s)
  • Symptômes (Médecine)
  • Muscles et tendons
DEF

Test permettant d'évaluer la force du moyen fessier. L'examinateur se place derrière le malade dévêtu et observe les épines iliaques postérosupérieures. Il demande au malade de se tenir sur une seule jambe et, dès qu'il fléchit l'autre jambe, le moyen fessier du côté portant, chez un sujet normal, se contracte vigoureusement en soulevant le bassin du côté fléchi. Cette élévation indique la fonction normale du moyen fessier du côté portant (Trendelenburg négatif). Par contre, si le bassin du côté fléchi ne remonte pas ou s'abaisse, le moyen fessier du côté portant est faible ou paralysé (Trendelenburg positif).

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Síntomas (Medicina)
  • Músculos y tendones
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Record 17 2017-07-20

English

Subject field(s)
  • Layout (Graphic Arts)
  • Office Automation
CONT

Larry works for a government contractor that produces very large documents—commonly hundreds or even thousands of pages. When they issue updates to the documents, it is done using "point pages. "This means that if the update adds some pages between pages 42 and 43 of the existing document, then those pages are numbered as 42. 1 and 42. 2.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Maquette et mise en page
  • Bureautique

Spanish

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Record 18 2017-04-13

English

Subject field(s)
  • Medical and Surgical Equipment
  • The Heart
CONT

New automated external defibrillators(AEDs) make it possible for even non-medical personnel to restore heart rhythm and life. An Automated External Defibrillator(AED) is a machine that can monitor heart rhythms. It can tell if the heart has stopped beating effectively. If required, the machine can then deliver an electric shock to the heart. Most of the time, this shock will restart the heart.

Key term(s)
  • external automated defibrillator

French

Domaine(s)
  • Équipement médico-chirurgical
  • Cœur
CONT

Les nouveaux défibrillateurs externes automatisés (DEA) permettent même aux personnes en dehors de la sphère médicale de rétablir le rythme cardiaque et de sauver des vies. Un défibrillateur externe automatisé (DEA) est un appareil qui surveille les battements cardiaques. Il peut déceler si le cœur a cessé de battre efficacement. Au besoin, l’appareil peut administrer une décharge électrique au cœur. La plupart du temps, ce choc rétablira le rythme cardiaque.

Key term(s)
  • défibrillateur externe automatique

Spanish

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Record 19 2016-04-20

English

Subject field(s)
  • Coils and Windings (Electrical Components)
CONT

A solenoid core is a rod that rests in the center of a solenoid coil and offers several beneficial attributes. If a solenoid core is [made of] iron, or any ferromagnetic metal, then this can increase the solenoid's regular magnetic power substantially.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Bobines et bobinage (Composants électrotechniques)

Spanish

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Record 20 2016-01-20

English

Subject field(s)
  • PAJLO
  • Law of Contracts (common law)
CONT

The observation of Lord Wright, of Denning, L. J., and of the judges of the Supreme Court in the U. S. A. suggest that the fundamental test to be applied is this :"Is the person who has engaged himself to perform these services performing them as a person in business of his own account?". If the answer to that question is "yes", then the contract is a contract for services. If the answer is "no" then the contract is a contract of service.

OBS

With no relation of subordination.

French

Domaine(s)
  • PAJLO
  • Droit des contrats (common law)
OBS

Aucun lien de subordination.

OBS

contrat d'entreprise : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation, Promotion de l'accès à la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).

Spanish

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Record 21 2015-11-16

English

Subject field(s)
  • PAJLO
  • Law of Contracts (common law)
DEF

A statement by either party to a contract that he will not live up to the contract's terms. This entitles the party who is wronged to do either of two things :(1) treat the contract as broken and sue immediately for damages or(2) ignore the statement and wait for performance as scheduled and sue if it is not then performed.

French

Domaine(s)
  • PAJLO
  • Droit des contrats (common law)
OBS

Comportement d'une partie au contrat permettant de conclure qu'elle n'a pas l'intention de l'exécuter à l'échéance ou sa déclaration à cet effet, d'où droit du co-contractant d'entamer une action en dommages-intérêts avant l'échéance, sans avoir à fournir la contre-partie au préalable.

OBS

violation anticipative : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation, Promotion de l'accès à la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).

Spanish

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Record 22 2015-10-30

English

Subject field(s)
  • Practice and Procedural Law
CONT

It is not up to the Board to review disparate documentation appended to a complaint. Rather, if [the complainant] believes that some, or all, of this extensive documentation is relevant to a proper DFR [duty of fair representation] complaint, then it is up to him to explain that relevance with precision. [The] Board must therefore... intervene when faced with this type of shotgun approach to pleading.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Droit judiciaire
CONT

Il n’appartient pas au Conseil d’examiner des documents disparates joints à une plainte. Au contraire, si [le plaignant] croit qu’une partie ou la totalité de cette abondante documentation est pertinente au regard d’une plainte de manquement au DRJ [devoir de représentation juste] en bonne et due forme, alors c’est à lui qu’il incombe d’expliquer cette pertinence avec précision. [Par] conséquent, [le Conseil] doit parfois intervenir lorsqu’il est aux prises avec ce type d’approche trop dispersée dans la façon de présenter les actes de procédure.

Spanish

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Record 23 2015-10-27

English

Subject field(s)
  • Law of Contracts (common law)
OBS

It may be argued that because a principal is always under a duty to indemnify his agent(unless there is an agreement to the contrary) wherever there is an agreement to act as an agent there is always consideration moving from the principal, viz, the implied promise to indemnify the agent. If this is so then all instances of agency by agreement are cases of contractual agency.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Droit des contrats (common law)

Spanish

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Record 24 2015-09-17

English

Subject field(s)
  • PAJLO
  • Law of Security
CONT

A lender could take a "collateral charge" over their house(this is a legal liability that gives the lender the same power as if they had a full mortgage) and if the lender ever had to re-possess your house and was unable to cover the value of the mortgage on sale, they could then re-possess your parents house to recover their loss.

French

Domaine(s)
  • PAJLO
  • Droit des sûretés
OBS

charge accessoire : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation, Promotion de l'accès à la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).

Spanish

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Record 25 2015-04-13

English

Subject field(s)
  • Training of Personnel
  • Psychology (General)
  • Internet and Telematics
  • Artificial Intelligence
CONT

Cognitive conflict is a good instructional technique because most of us learn from our mistakes.... If we try to do something and it fails, then we adjust our method the next time we try and see if that works. Each failure at an attempt to learn or do something is adapted by assimilation and accommodation in our cognition learning and we resolve conflicts based on our previous experience. This is ongoing and each attempt will hopefully let us attain equilibrium in the cognitive realm of learning.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Perfectionnement et formation du personnel
  • Psychologie (Généralités)
  • Internet et télématique
  • Intelligence artificielle
CONT

Le conflit cognitif est défini par une contradiction, pour une personne, entre deux conceptions ou représentations et est à la base de la théorie de l'équilibration qui soutient un développement de l'intelligence par paliers successifs.

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Capacitación del personal
  • Psicología (Generalidades)
  • Internet y telemática
  • Inteligencia artificial
DEF

Proceso en el cual se produce un "enfrentamiento" entre las ideas y estructuras cognitivas de la persona y la nueva información que recibe.

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Record 26 2014-07-22

English

Subject field(s)
  • Foreign Trade
  • Water Transport
  • Customs and Excise
CONT

"delivered ex ship" means that the seller delivers when the goods are placed at the disposal of the buyer on board the ship not cleared for import at the named port of destination. The seller has to bear all the costs and risks involved in bringing the goods to named port of destination before discharging the goods. If the parties wish the seller to bear the costs and risks of discharging the goods, then the DEQ term should be used. This term can be used only when the goods are to be delivered by sea or inland waterway or multimodal transport on a vessel in the port of destination.

OBS

delivered ex ship: term (Incoterm 2000) standardized by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) and the Canadian General Standard Board (CGSB).

OBS

DES: abbreviation (Incoterm 2000) standardized by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC).

OBS

delivered ex ship; DES: term eliminated from Incoterm in 2010.

OBS

Expression usually followed by the named port of destination.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Commerce extérieur
  • Transport par eau
  • Douanes et accise
DEF

Condition de livraison selon laquelle le vendeur s'oblige à mettre la marchandise à la disposition de l'acheteur à bord du navire au port de destination convenu, le vendeur assurant jusque-là tous les coûts et risques inhérents à l'acheminement de la marchandise.

OBS

rendu ex ship : terme (Incoterm 2000) normalisé par la Chambre de commerce internationale (CCI) et par l'Office des normes générales du Canada (ONGC).

OBS

DES : abréviation (Incoterm 2000) normalisée par la Chambre de commerce internationale (CCI).

OBS

rendu ex ship; DES : terme et abréviation supprimés par Incoterm en 2010.

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Comercio exterior
  • Transporte por agua
  • Aduana e impuestos internos
DEF

[...] indicativo de que la responsabilidad del vendedor finaliza cuando la mercancía se ha situado a bordo del barco y en el puerto que se convenga.

OBS

El puerto de destino convenido frecuentemente sigue esta expresión.

OBS

Término Incoterm. [utilizado en el comercio].

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Record 27 2014-05-30

English

Subject field(s)
  • Soil Mechanics (Engineering)
CONT

... it has been found that if the core does not reach a CBR [California Bearing Ratio] value [equal or greater than] 3, for the referenced density conditions, then a custom study must be carried out. This case can thus be considered as a criterion of pseudo-marginality.

OBS

pseudo-marginality criterion: term usually used in the plural.

Key term(s)
  • pseudo-marginality criteria

French

Domaine(s)
  • Mécanique des sols
CONT

[...] il est établi que si le noyau ne présente pas une valeur CBR [(indice portant californien)] [plus grand ou égal à] 3, pour les conditions de densité mentionnées, une étude spéciale doit être réalisée. Ce cas peut donc être considéré comme un critère de pseudo-marginalité.

Spanish

Save record 27

Record 28 2014-04-01

English

Subject field(s)
  • Trade Names
  • Team Sports (General)
OBS

Rules : There are 3 teams, each with a different color jersey.... There are 4 players on each team... The players on the defensive teams form a square around the ball. This same square constantly follows all the movements of the ball. Each player is responsible for a corner of the square and is situated about 10-12 feet from the ball. The ball starts in the middle and one team sets up a serve. The serving formation is as follows; 2-4 players kneel down facing each other with heads down and arms outstretched. The ball is placed on their outstretched arms. The server approaches the ball and says "Omnikin" and another color(example : Omnikin Red!) before striking the ball with the fist in an upward motion. When the color is announced and the ball is in the air, the corresponding team must catch the ball before it hits the ground. If successful, that team sets up the serve immediately. If the team does not catch the ball before it touches the ground, then one point is awarded to each of the other teams on the court and that same team serves the ball.

OBS

The ... terms "Kin-Ball" and "Omnikin" are respectively referring to "KIN-BALL® sport" and "OMNIKIN®" which are trademarks used with the authorization of OMNIKIN inc., which possesses all the rights.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Appellations commerciales
  • Sports d'équipe (Généralités)
OBS

Ce qu'il faut pour jouer au Kin-Ball® : Un gymnase, un ballon léger et surdimensionné (1,22 mètres de diamètre!) [et] trois équipes de quatre joueurs [...] Les règles du jeu sont simples. Chaque équipe porte des dossards d’une couleur différente. L’équipe qui détient le ballon doit attaquer l’une des deux équipes adverses en l’appelant par sa couleur. Pour ce faire, elle frappe le ballon à un endroit stratégique du terrain de façon à ce que l’équipe attaquée ne soit pas en mesure de le récupérer. Les joueurs qui se défendent de cette attaque doivent absolument éviter que le ballon touche le sol en utilisant n’importe quelle partie de leur corps. S’ils échouent, le point est accordé aux deux autres équipes. S’ils réussissent, c’est à cette équipe d’en attaquer une autre, et le jeu se poursuit ainsi jusqu’à ce qu’il y ait un point ou une faute commise. Tout le plaisir du jeu réside dans l’utilisation de différentes tactiques pour tenter de déjouer les équipes adverses.

OBS

L’utilisation des termes «Kin-Ball» et «Omnikin» réfèrent respectivement à «sport KIN-BALL®» et à «OMNIKIN®» qui sont des marques de commerces déposées et utilisées avec la permission de OMNIKIN inc. qui possède tous les droits.

Spanish

Save record 28

Record 29 2013-11-12

English

Subject field(s)
  • PAJLO
  • Law of Evidence
DEF

Proof of certain facts and circumstances in a given case, from which (trier of fact) may infer other connected facts which usually and reasonably follow according to the common experience of mankind. (Black’s, p. 221)

CONT

circumstantial evidence : The characterization of evidence as "direct" or "circumstantial" points to the kind of inference which is sought to be drawn from the evidence to the truth of the proposition for which it is offered.(If) the inference sought is merely from the fact that the witness made the statement, and the assumption that witnesses are worthy of belief, to the truth of the asserted fact,(t) his is direct evidence. When, however, the evidence is offered also for some further proposition based upon some inference to the truth of the fact asserted, then the evidence is circumstantial evidence of this further fact-to-be-inferred.(McCormick, p. 435)

French

Domaine(s)
  • PAJLO
  • Droit de la preuve
OBS

preuve circonstancielle; preuve indirecte : termes normalisés par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).

Spanish

Save record 29

Record 30 2013-09-04

English

Subject field(s)
  • Bankruptcy
CONT

Assignment by debtor, mortgagor or guarantor... If the rights of a debtor, mortgagor or guarantor under a credit contract, mortgage or guarantee are assigned or pass by law to another person, this Code from then on applies to that other person and does not confer any further rights on the debtor, mortgagor or guarantor.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Faillites
CONT

Une faillite volontaire s'appelle une cession volontaire. Pour s'en prévaloir, une personne doit rencontrer les critères d'une personne insolvable. Les documents requis pour donner effet à cette intention sont les suivants: une résolution des administrateurs ou des actionnaires reconnaissant la situation d'insolvabilité et désignant un signataire des documents de faillite [...]

Spanish

Save record 30

Record 31 2013-05-10

English

Subject field(s)
  • Control Systems (Motor Vehicles)
  • Safety Equipment (Motor Vehicles and Bicycles)
CONT

Adaptive cruise control is similar to conventional cruise control in that it maintains the vehicle's pre-set speed. However, unlike conventional cruise control, this new system can automatically adjust speed in order to maintain a proper distance between vehicles in the same lane. This is achieved through a radar headway sensor, digital signal processor and longitudinal controller. If the lead vehicle slows down, or if another object is detected, the system sends a signal to the engine or braking system to decelerate. Then, when the road is clear, the system will re-accelerate the vehicle back to the set speed.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Dispositifs de commande (Véhicules automobiles)
  • Sécurité (Véhicules automobiles et bicyclettes)
DEF

Dispositif embarqué agissant automatiquement et qui permet à un véhicule d'en suivre un autre à une distance appropriée.

OBS

Un radar à ondes millimétriques mesure la distance et la vitesse relative entre les deux véhicules. Une régulation intervient par action sur l'accélérateur et les freins pour que l'écart séparant les deux véhicules reste constant.

OBS

régulateur de vitesse et d'espacement; RVE : terme, abréviation et définition publiés au Journal officiel de la République française le 15 février 2004.

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Sistemas de regulación (Vehículos automotores)
  • Equipo de seguridad (Vehículos automotores y bicicletas)
DEF

Sistema que permite al conductor controlar la velocidad y mantener la distancia segura con respecto al tráfico circulante utiliza tecnología de sensores basados en radar o infrarrojo que exploran el espacio alrededor del auto.

CONT

Control inteligente de velocidad, [...] este sistema mantiene la distancia de seguridad que se establezca con el vehículo que le precede, gracias a unos radares anticolisión montados en el parachoques delantero. Cuando esta distancia se reduce, el CIV emite una señal acústica para alertar al conductor y, si éste no frena, el coche es capaz de aminorar la velocidad hasta los 30 km/h.

Save record 31

Record 32 2013-04-03

English

Subject field(s)
  • Passenger Service (Rail Transport)
CONT

ARNK field... In order for the computer to book a continuing flight in the itinerary, it must be advised how the passenger is arriving at the boarding point. For instance, if we were to input Toronto-Ottawa and then Montreal-Toronto, such an itinerary is illogical to the computer and will cause the response... In such cases we say that the leg of space is "ARNK" or Arrival Unknown. In order to advise the computer of this we input our own I field.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Trafic voyageurs (Transport par rail)
CONT

Zone itinéraire en surface (ARNK) [...] Pour qu'il puisse réserver des places sur un vol de correspondance, il doit savoir comment le passager se rendra au point d'embarquement. Par exemple, un message d'entrée indiquant un itinéraire constitué des tronçons Toronto-Ottawa et Montréal-Toronto seulement est illogique pour l'ordinateur, qui donnera la réponse-erreur suivante : [...] Dans de tels cas, on qualifie le tronçon de ARNK (Arrival Unknown) ou Arrivée inconnue et on l'indique à l'ordinateur en introduisant une zone I spéciale pour le transport en surface.

Spanish

Save record 32

Record 33 2012-11-19

English

Subject field(s)
  • PAJLO
  • Property Law (common law)
CONT

Most troublesome for the conveyancer is the exemption for claims to land which have reverted to the Crown by forfeiture or cancellation of the letters patent, or articles of incorporation of companies which held the land at the time of forfeiture or cancellation. This provision apparently requires that a cautious conveyancer trace the chain of title back to the Crown patent to determine what corporations, if any, held the land and then check the status of those corporations during the period that they held the land.(Anger & Honsberger, 2nd ed., 1985, pp. 1121-2)

French

Domaine(s)
  • PAJLO
  • Droit des biens et de la propriété (common law)
OBS

patente de la Couronne : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).

Spanish

Save record 33

Record 34 2012-11-16

English

Subject field(s)
  • PAJLO
  • Property Law (common law)
CONT

After some hesitation it was settled in 1565 that if a tenant in fee simple covenanted to stand seized of his land in favour of some near relative, the "good consideration" of natural love and affection sufficed to raise a use in favour of the relative; the use was then executed and the legal estate vested in the relative. This type of conveyance was of limited application as it could not be employed to convey land to strangers, and, like the bargain and sale enrolled, it could not carry any further uses under the Statute.(Megarry and Wade, 4th ed., 1975, p. 165)

French

Domaine(s)
  • PAJLO
  • Droit des biens et de la propriété (common law)
OBS

covenant de détenir la saisine pour autrui : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).

Spanish

Save record 34

Record 35 2012-10-29

English

Subject field(s)
  • Petrography
DEF

[The] statement that a mineral grain possesses a greater solubility under high stress than it does under low stress.

OBS

According to this principle, stressed grains in a rock will dissolve more readily than will unstressed grains in the same rock, and material may be transported between the two. Further, if the stress is non-isotropic(i. e., not the same in all planes), the points of a mineral grain under the greatest stress will be dissolved; the removed material may then be redeposited on those parts of the grain that are under lower stress.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Pétrographie
OBS

Dans ce dernier cas, d'un solide soumis à une pression P [...] maximale, les faces normales à cette direction de tension ne sont plus en équilibre avec la solution ambiante et elles tendent à se dissoudre [...]

Spanish

Save record 35

Record 36 2012-10-15

English

Subject field(s)
  • Security Posters and Signs
  • Toxicology
  • Occupational Health and Safety
CONT

"SKIN" notation(SKIN) means that contact with the skin, eyes and moist tissues(for example, the mouth) can contribute to the overall exposure. The purpose of this notation is to suggest that measures be used to prevent absorption by these routes; for example, the use of protective gloves. If absorption occurs through the skin, then the airborne exposure limits are not relevant.

CONT

"Skin" Notation. Listed substances followed by the designation "S" (Skin) refer to the potential contribution to the over-all exposure by the cutaneous route including mucous membranes and eye, either by air-borne, or more particularly, by direct contact with the substance. Vehicles can alter skin absorption. This attention-calling designation is intended to suggest appropriate measures for the prevention of cutaneous absorption so that the threshold limit is not invalidated.

OBS

Skin: Notation on a Material Safety Data Sheet indicating possible significant contribution to overall exposure to a material by way of absorption through the skin, mucous membranes, and eyes by direct or airborne contact.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Affichage de sécurité
  • Toxicologie
  • Santé et sécurité au travail
CONT

La mention «PEAU» signifie que le contact direct avec la peau, les yeux ou les muqueuses (par exemple la bouche) peut aggraver l'effet global de l'exposition. Cette mention a pour but de suggérer des mesures visant à empêcher l'absorption par ces voies (par exemple le port de gants de protection). Si le produit est absorbé directement par la peau, les limites de concentration du produit dans l'air ambiant ne sont plus valables.

Spanish

Save record 36

Record 37 2012-07-03

English

Subject field(s)
  • Biochemistry
CONT

A general principle of stabilization of enzymes is that of providing multipoint binding of the catalyst molecule to the support. This binding serves to make the conformation of the molecule more rigid but without necessarily altering the conformation, and hence more stable against unfolding and, ultimately, inactivation.... If it is accepted that polypeptide chain unfolding is a key process in enzyme inactivation, then it is likely that multipoint attachment of an enzyme molecule to a rigid matrix will increase the resistance to unfolding, and thereby help to preserve the active conformation of the enzyme.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Biochimie

Spanish

Save record 37

Record 38 2011-12-22

English

Subject field(s)
  • Atomic Physics
CONT

Subatomic particles have various properties and are affected by certain forces that exhibit symmetry. An important property that gives rise to a conservation law is parity. In quantum mechanics all elementary particles and atoms may be described in terms of a wave equation. If this wave equation remains identical after simultaneous reflection of all spatial coordinates of the particle through the origin of the coordinate system, then it is said to have even parity. If such simultaneous reflection results in a wave equation that differs from the original wave equation only in sign, then the particle is said to have odd parity. The overall parity of a collection of particles, such as a molecule, is found to be unchanged with time during physical processes and reactions; this fact is expressed as the law of conservation of parity.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Physique atomique
CONT

Conservation de la parité totale. La parité est un nombre quantique multiplicatif. Par cela, on entend que la loi de conservation de la parité s’applique au produit des parités. Pour mettre en lumière cette propriété, il convient tout d’abord d’examiner un système de particules libres.

Spanish

Save record 38

Record 39 2011-06-07

English

Subject field(s)
  • Types of Glass
  • Prosthetic Dentistry
  • Bones and Joints
DEF

A bioactive implant material used in the repair of [teeth and] bone defects.

CONT

Silicon, calcium, sodium and phosphorus, the elements contained in bioactive glass, are released, but only if the proper mixture is used. Minerals are then added to the surrounding surfaces to form a hydroxyl apatite(HA) layer that resembles the mineral structure of the bone tissue. At the same time, this facilitates regeneration of bony tissue and this contributes towards accelerating the healing process.

OBS

bioglass: originally a trademark name that is now used as a common name.

OBS

Since "bio-glass" is a shortened form of "biological glass", it cannot be a spelling variant of "bioglass."

French

Domaine(s)
  • Sortes de verre
  • Dentisterie prothétique
  • Os et articulations
DEF

Verre où une partie de la silice est remplacée par les composants naturels de l'os ou de la dent, ce qui favorise la formation de liaisons chimiques entre le verre et l'os ou la dent.

CONT

Les verres bioactifs ont la propriété de se lier à l'os vivant. La condition essentielle pour la création de ce lien est la formation in vivo d'une couche d'apatite à la surface du matériau.

CONT

Le Bioglass 45S5 de Hench, qui contient en plus des 3 composantes de nos verres du phosphore, est connu pour être actuellement le bioverre le plus actif. Il a été étudié dans les mêmes conditions comme élément de comparaison. À sa surface, de l'apatite cristallisée commence à se former au bout de 12 heures. Ce verre est donc légèrement plus bioactif que les composés du système ternaire étudié.

PHR

Couche de, film de bioverre.

Spanish

Save record 39

Record 40 2011-05-19

English

Subject field(s)
  • Human Behaviour
DEF

A principle stating that, given two responses which differ in the probability of occurrence, the less probable can be reinforced by using the more probable as a reward.

CONT

The Premack Principle states that if behavior A is more likely to occur than behavior B, then behavior B may be increased by making the performance of behavior A contingent on the performance of B. If watching television has a high likelihood of occurrence(behavior A), it may be made contingent on finishing a report(behavior B) that has a low likelihood of occurrence. This results in the increased performance of behavior B, finishing reports. The Premack Principle is employed whenever there is difficulty in identifying a reinforcer. In applying this principle, there is always a potential reinforcer.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Comportement humain
CONT

[...] le principe de Premack stipule que les réponses à haute probabilité, qui sont les réponses les plus fréquemment émises (et présumément préférées), peuvent servir à renforcer celles à basse probabilité, qui sont moins émises.

Spanish

Save record 40

Record 41 2011-02-08

English

Subject field(s)
  • Biochemistry
  • Pharmacology
  • Biotechnology
CONT

Nearly every drug molecule works through a structural interaction with a "target" or "receptor" molecule or protein that plays key roles in all biological processes. In the most common model for this interaction, the drug molecule inserts itself into a functionally important crevice of its target protein, like a key in a lock. The molecule then binds there and either induces or, more commonly, inhibits the protein's normal function. This universal drug-target scheme suggests a powerful alternative approach to drug discovery :if it were possible to identify, in advance, the appropriate protein target for a given therapeutic need and if enough were known about the distinguishing structure of that target protein, it ought to be feasible to design the structure of an ideal drug to interact with it.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Biochimie
  • Pharmacologie
  • Biotechnologie
CONT

La discipline [...] «Bio-informatique du médicament» recouvre les activités suivantes : analyser et exploiter les génomes pour identifier les classes structurales et fonctionnelles d'intérêt thérapeutique; [...] modéliser les protéines-cibles dont la structure n'est pas accessible expérimentalement [...]

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Bioquímica
  • Farmacología
  • Biotecnología
Save record 41

Record 42 2010-12-10

English

Subject field(s)
  • Atmospheric, Climatic and Meteorological Phenomena
CONT

Rain fell as high as 1700 m in some areas, soaking the upper snowpack. Expect a raincrust to form below this elevation as temperatures begin to cool the next few days, and then expect this to be covered with additional new snow. There are a few weak layers in this storm snow and, while warm temperatures are helping heal these weaknesses, whumpfing and cracking was still reported in the Kootenay Pass area on a north facing slope at 2100 m. For the most part new snow is sticking well to the Christmas crust buried 50-70 cm deep. This crust is providing a good bridging layer for the weak facet and surface hoar crystals below the crust, but this layer still remains a concern.

OBS

In avalanche forecasting, a bridging layer [=une couche dure] is a layer of strong(hard) snow that is often quick thick. Once a layer gets to a certain thickness and hardness, it has enough strength to absorb the load that is applied from above, thus preventing this load from triggering a weakness underneath this "bridge. "If ever the "bridge" fails then the result is normally a very large avalanche.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Phénomènes météorologiques, climatiques et atmosphériques
CONT

Il semble qu'il ait plu très haut la veille (2400 m). Très bon regel jusqu'au lac [...] puis quelques centimètres de neige fraîche sur couche portante jusqu'au pas de l'Enchastraye.

OBS

En France, un manteau neigeux ou une couche de neige portante n'est pas nécessairement stable. Quand on dit, en France que «la neige porte», cela signifie qu'on ne s'y enfonce pas, notamment à pied. Ainsi une plaque de neige dure est portante, mais elle peut être instable. En France : on n'utilise pas le terme «portance». Ceci dit, s'il était utilisé, il serait relatif à la couche de surface du manteau neigeux. [source : spécialiste des risques d'avalanche, France.]

Spanish

Save record 42

Record 43 2010-03-08

English

Subject field(s)
  • Atmospheric Physics
DEF

Freezing which occurs in the absence of freezing nuclei.

CONT

If only water is involved in either the process of condensation or freezing then that process is called either HOMOGENEOUS condensation or HOMOGENEOUS freezing. Most condensation or freezing, however, involves more than just water. Most often particulates(often called aerosols) serve as nuclei to initiate the process. In this case the process is a HETEROGENEOUS process.

OBS

This process is not important in the atmosphere.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Physique de l'atmosphère
DEF

Congélation qui se produit en l'absence de noyaux de congélation.

OBS

Ce processus est peu important dans l'atmosphère.

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Física de la atmósfera
DEF

Congelación que se produce en ausencia de núcleos de congelación.

OBS

Es un proceso poco importante en la atmósfera.

Save record 43

Record 44 2010-03-01

English

Subject field(s)
  • Management Control
  • Nuclear Fission Reactors
CONT

Because of the disadvantages associated with an event-oriented approach to determining and correcting malfunctions in a nuclear reactor installation, it has become desirable to formulate and develop a new approach for promptly identifying and correcting malfunctions in such a system.

OBS

The power plant operator must promptly and correctly diagnose the initiating event. He accomplishes this mentally, based on training and prior experience. As a result of this instant evaluation, he then selects the event-oriented procedure that best fits his diagnosis. For example, if his evaluation indicates that a small steam line break has occurred in the reactor building when, in actuality, a small loss of coolant has occurred in the building, he would implement the wrong event-oriented procedure. Eventually he will recognize his error, however, by that time, the condition may have substantially worsened.

Key term(s)
  • event oriented approach

French

Domaine(s)
  • Contrôle de gestion
  • Réacteurs nucléaires de fission
DEF

Ensemble de procédures construites à partir des arbres de défaillance (refus d'ouverture ou de fermeture d'une vanne, refus de démarrage d'une pompe, etc.).

CONT

Interface homme-machine. Suite à l'accident de Three Mile Island où l'on a vu un opérateur démuni face à une situation qu'il ne comprenait pas, la formation et les outils mis à sa disposition ont été profondément renouvelés, notamment : le rôle de l'opérateur a été reconnu comme fondamental pour la sûreté; - la conduite événementielle a été abandonnée, les combinaisons d'événements étant innombrables, et remplacée par l'approche par état : des paramètres physiques mesurés (températures, pressions, ...) ainsi que de la disponibilité des systèmes. Un système informatique d'aide à la conduite déduit l'état physique de l'installation, à un instant donné (les états physiques sont en nombre limité), et conseille l'opérateur sur les actions à mener; en même temps, il surveille les résultats des actions de l'opérateur.

Spanish

Save record 44

Record 45 2009-09-07

English

Subject field(s)
  • Titles of National Programs (Non-Canadian)
  • Loans
  • Education
OBS

Luckily, the Federal government realizes the needs for graduate level study, that's why it suggests the Stafford Loans program in order to supply a diversity of graduate student loans. You should complete a free application for student assistance(FAFSA loan) and then make a decision which loan path to follow. Stafford graduate student loans are managed by the graduate schools to which you are appealing, but they are given by the government. One of the greatest benefits of Stafford graduate student loan is the fact that you will be permitted a half-year grace period that follows your graduation before you should begin your payments. If the government chooses your application, they supply you with a list of their accepted creditors. Only students who have not neglected on other loans are eligible for this kind of loan. If your income is too low, you may pretend to your graduate student loans financed by the government. It means that when you are entered in graduate school, you will not be accountable for the interest on your lend. If your income level is high enough, the interest on your loans will be joined to the principal which you should to pay off.

Key term(s)
  • Stafford Loans Programme

French

Domaine(s)
  • Titres de programmes nationaux non canadiens
  • Prêts et emprunts
  • Pédagogie
Key term(s)
  • Stafford Loans Programme
  • Programme de prêts Stafford

Spanish

Save record 45

Record 46 2009-04-24

English

Subject field(s)
  • Radio Transmission and Reception
  • Remote Sensing
DEF

A system in which an RF [radio frequency] tag responds with an information signal only after being directed to do so by a reader/interrogator.

CONT

With RTF, the reader sends energy to the tags and asks all tags with serial number 0 to respond. If more than one responds, the reader then asks for all tags with a serial number that starts with 01 to respond, and then 010. The reader continues in this fashion until it gets a singular response. Then it interrogates that tag. The tag changes state and does not respond again as the reader continues its query of all tagged items until it has identified all the tags in the read zone.

OBS

reader talks first; RTF: term, abbreviation and definition standardized by ISO/IEC [International Electrotechnical Commission].

Key term(s)
  • reader-talks-first protocol

French

Domaine(s)
  • Émission et réception radio
  • Télédétection
DEF

Protocole selon lequel une étiquette par radiofréquence répond par un signal d'information seulement si un lecteur lui indique de le faire.

Spanish

Save record 46

Record 47 2008-02-25

English

Subject field(s)
  • Centesis and Samplings
CONT

The concept of sentinel lymph node sampling is appealing because of the potential of such biopsies to increase the likelihood of identifying lymph node metastases when they are present and obviating the need for a formal (and morbid) lymph node dissection when the sentinel node is negative.

CONT

There is a technique called sentinel lymph node sampling that removes fewer lymph nodes than a traditional complete axillary node dissection. Many women are candidates for the sentinel lymph node technique, which has fewer complications than the complete axillary node dissection. If, however, there is cancer present in the sentinel lymph nodes, then more nodes are removed and this is referred to as a complete level 1 and level 2 axillary lymph node dissection.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Ponctions et prélèvements
CONT

Le prélèvement du ganglion sentinelle est une technique qui permet d'identifier le premier relais ganglionnaire, c'est-à-dire celui qui est plus à risque d'être atteint de cancer, de le prélever et de le faire analyser. Cette technique permet un diagnostic beaucoup plus précis et d'éviter de faire la dissection axillaire chez bon nombre de patientes.

CONT

La technique micro-invasive la plus intéressante est certainement la biopsie du ganglion sentinelle (GS). Par définition, le GS est le premier relais ganglionnaire recevant le drainage lymphatique afférent d'une tumeur primitive, supposée se propager par relais ganglionnaires contigus ce qui est le cas des tumeurs mammaires [...] La technique de prélèvement du GS, dans le cadre du cancer du sein n'engendre que de minimes effets secondaires au point de pouvoir être réalisée de manière semi-ambulatoire.

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Centesis y muestras
CONT

El ganglio centinela es el primer ganglio encontrado por la células tumorales y su naturaleza histológica predice la invasión ganglionar del grupo distal. Se utiliza un colorante, azul patente, y/o, una substancia radioactiva, tecnecio 99. [...] Quizás el aspecto más importante de esta técnica sea su validación desde el punto de vista oncológico. Es decir, que las pacientes sometidas a muestreo del ganglio centinela no empeoren su pronóstico por subestadiaje de la axila.

Save record 47

Record 48 2007-04-12

English

Subject field(s)
  • Helicopters (Military)
  • Aircraft Propulsion Systems
  • Air Safety
CONT

Helicopter Blow Off Method-One municipality hired a helicopter to blow the snow off their roof. This might work well with the light, powdery type of snow that would blow off easily. What happens though if the roof is loaded to its limit with snow and then a helicopter hovers overhead. Could the down blast cause a collapse? It's possible.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Hélicoptères (Militaire)
  • Propulsion des aéronefs
  • Sécurité (Transport aérien)
OBS

«la rotation de la voilure sustentatrice engendre en effet un puissant souffle d'air dirigé de haut en bas...» (Le Siècle de l'avion, p. 355)

Spanish

Save record 48

Record 49 2006-08-03

English

Subject field(s)
  • Paddle Sports
DEF

[A] stroke used for forward motion and to counteract the tendency of the bow to swing away from the paddling side.

CONT

A canoe being paddled forward will veer to the side opposite the side on which the stern paddler is paddling. The J-stroke helps correct this problem without having to switch paddling sides.

CONT

If you just paddle like that, the canoe ends up going off to one side, right? Okay, to prevent this, the stern person should do the "J" stroke every second or third stroke. This is probably the trickiest stroke to pick up : you do about three-quarters of a normal stroke, then instead of bringing the paddle straight back, you give the blade a one-quarter turn outward to put a tiny reverse sweep on the end of the stroke.

CONT

Accomplished woodsmen can paddle all day without undue fatigue, using the J-stroke for propulsion and steering.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Sports de pagaie
CONT

Le coup en J. Ce mouvement sert à rectifier la trajectoire du canot vers la gauche et n'est utilisé que par l'avironneur arrière.

CONT

Je prends pour acquis qu'on sait que le coup en J pratiqué à l'arrière à ce moment sert à faire tourner le canot vers la droite.

Spanish

Save record 49

Record 50 2006-05-23

English

Subject field(s)
  • Names of Events
  • Ice Hockey
OBS

If hockey is our most popular national game, then nobody does a better job of making us feel like Canadians that the people of Plaster Rock. Every year, this community brings together 96 teams from across North America to compete for the "World Pond Hockey Championships". This is "four-on-four" play, with no goaltenders and plenty of action! All games are outdoors on a lake which is home to 24 ice surfaces. This means that many teams can play simultaneously for an exciting three days. Nothing like this exists anywhere else in the world. It serves as a celebration of Canadian culture-not just our love of hockey but, our love of hockey on the ponds, lakes and rivers of our childhood.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Noms de manifestations et d'activités diverses
  • Hockey sur glace
OBS

Si le hockey est notre sport national, alors personne ne réussit aussi bien à nous faire vibrer en tant que Canadiens que les gens de Plaster Rock. Cette communauté réunit chaque année des équipes de partout en Amérique du Nord pour participer aux Championnats mondiaux de hockey sur glace naturelle. Les matchs se déroulent dans un jeu vif, 4 contre 4 et sans gardiens de but! ils se jouent en plein air, sur un lac comptant 24 patinoires, ce qui permet à un grand nombre d'équipes de jouer simultanément pendant trois jours trépidants. Rien de tel n'existe ailleurs dans le monde. Ce championnat célèbre véritablement la culture canadienne - pas seulement notre passion du hockey, mais le respect de la tradition sur les glaces naturelles de notre enfance.

Spanish

Save record 50

Record 51 2006-05-05

English

Subject field(s)
  • Immunology
CONT

Internal image anti-idiotype. If a site associated anti-idiotype binds to the paratope of the idiotype in the same way that the antigen does, then the antigen and the anti-idiotype may have the same shape. In this case the anti-idiotype is said to be an internal image of the antigen-internal because it is generated by the immune system itself as opposed to the foreign antigen which is external

French

Domaine(s)
  • Immunologie
CONT

Le réseau idiotypique. - [...] Le postulat primordial qui a été proposé par Niels Jerne est que le paratope d'un anticorps (son site de reconnaissance) est capable de reconnaître un épitope externe (un antigène étranger) mais aussi un idiotope d'un autre anticorps. On dit que cet idiotope est l'image interne de l'épitope, ce qui signifie que les déterminants des sites de reconnaissance des anticorps d'une personne sont équivalents au monde des déterminants antigéniques extérieurs. Figure 1. Le réseau idiotypique «classique», AB-2 = image interne de l'antigène. AB-1 = AB-3 = AB'-1.

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Inmunología
Save record 51

Record 52 2006-04-06

English

Subject field(s)
  • Simulation (Cybernetic Systems)
  • Decision-Making Process
  • Defence Planning and Military Doctrine
CONT

SOCRAM is a simulation model that uses the eleven Force Planning Scenarios to generate the demand for operational assets. In a simulation run of the model operational assets are demanded when a scenario is activated and several scenarios can be activated concurrently. The scenario activation rates are based on historical records of CF [Canadian Forces] operations with an emphasis placed on the 1990s. The output of the model is a series of risk assessments where risk is defined as the probability of having an insufficient amount of operational assets. If the Force Planning Scenarios are prioritised or weighted then the consequences of this risk can be determined.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Simulation (Systèmes cybernétiques)
  • Processus décisionnel
  • Doctrine militaire et planification de défense
CONT

SOCRAM est un modèle de simulation qui utilise les onze scénarios de planification des forces afin de déterminer le niveau de la demande opérationnelle globale. Durant un exercice de simulation, les ressources opérationnelles exigées pour un scénario donné sont sélectionnées; plusieurs scénarios peuvent être analysés concurremment. La cadence de lancement des scénarios est basée sur les données historiques des opérations exécutées par les FC [Forces canadiennes] avec un accent mis les années 90. Le résultat du modèle est une série d'évaluations des risques où le risque est défini comme la probabilité d'avoir une quantité insuffisante de ressources opérationnelles. Si les scénarios de planification sont assignés un niveau de priorité ou un poids donné, alors les conséquences de ce risque peuvent être déterminées.

OBS

Pluriel : des scénarios ou rare des scénarii.

OBS

scénarios (pl.) : Cette graphie, puisée des Rectifications de l'orthographe recommandées par le Conseil supérieur de la langue française, est attestée dans le Petit Robert (2006).

Spanish

Save record 52

Record 53 2006-03-21

English

Subject field(s)
  • Training of Personnel
  • Internet and Telematics
  • Education Theory and Methods
OBS

A major challenge we faced in attempting to redefine the company's performance management and review training was that its managers are very busy. They don’t want to take two weeks out of any business quarter to practice giving reviews. Since they don’t need to use these skills every day, mastering them seems of secondary importance to their daily work. Besides, if they take a training course and then wait three months before giving their first review, they’ll probably forget everything they learned anyway. This is excatly why we felt it was so important to give managers the opportunity to practice these skills in a safe, simulated environment just before giving employee reviews. With quality computer-based training, managers could use e-learning a week before the review period to begin to brush up on their skills and prepare for the reviews.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Perfectionnement et formation du personnel
  • Internet et télématique
  • Théories et méthodes pédagogiques
CONT

La formation en amélioration du rendement pour les personnes et les équipes est une initiative visant à renforcer les équipes de service de la CSPAAT en mettant l'accent sur de meilleurs résultats internes, la simplification des procédés, la prise de décisions en première ligne et l'amélioration du service à la clientèle.

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Capacitación del personal
  • Internet y telemática
  • Teorías y métodos pedagógicos
Save record 53

Record 54 2006-02-24

English

Subject field(s)
  • Information Processing (Informatics)
DEF

A rule in the form of "if this then that" that associates events in a database.

OBS

For example, the association between purchased items at a supermarket.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Traitement de l'information (Informatique)
CONT

Une règle d'association est une relation d'implication XY entre deux ensembles d'articles X et Y.

CONT

Une règle associative est une implication de la forme «si X alors Y», où sont des ensembles de produits.

OBS

Cette règle indique que les transactions qui contiennent les articles de l'ensemble X ont tendance à contenir les articles de l'ensemble Y.

Spanish

Save record 54

Record 55 2005-04-07

English

Subject field(s)
  • Security Devices
CONT

The latest Mac OS includes a voice password feature that allows you to logon to your account using your voice. This has the potential for being a very useful technology, employed everywhere from homes to the increasingly secure airports. It does, however, have its flaws. If you set one voice password, it is very easy for someone to just record it, and then play it back. Of course, there is a solution for that. Once you’ve trained the software to your voice, when you login or require a password, it can prompt you to read a randomly generated phrase.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Dispositifs de sécurité
CONT

L'entreprise a expliqué à ses employés par divers moyens la raison d'être et les utilisations du système de mots de passe vocaux et des applications. Comme mesure de sécurité, les empreintes vocales des employés sont sauvegardées dans une base de données protégée qui se trouve dans un endroit rigoureusement contrôlé.

Spanish

Save record 55

Record 56 2005-02-03

English

Subject field(s)
  • Space Exploration Equipment and Tools
CONT

The American Space Agency Nasa... is putting several million dollars into the project under its advanced concepts programme. At the heart of a space elevator would be a cable reaching up as far as 100, 000km from the surface of the Earth. The earthbound end would be tethered to a base station, probably somewhere in the middle of the Pacific ocean. The other end would be attached to an orbiting object in space acting as a counterweight, the momentum of which would keep the cable taut and allow vehicles to climb up and down it. A space elevator would make rockets redundant by granting cheaper access to space. At about a third of the way along the cable-36, 000 km from Earth-objects take a day to complete a full orbit. If the cable's centre of gravity remained at this height, the cable would remain vertical, as satellites placed at this height are geostationary, effectively hovering over the same spot on the ground. To build a space elevator such a geostationary satellite would be placed into orbit carrying the coiled-up cable. One weighted end of the cable would then be dropped back towards Earth, while the other would be unreeled off into space. Mechanical lifters could then climb up the cable from the ground, ferrying up satellites, space probes and eventually tourists. The biggest technical obstacle is finding a material strong but light enough to make the cable; this is where the carbon nanotubes come in. These are microscopically thin tubes of carbon that are as strong as diamonds but flexible enough to turn into fibre. In theory, a nanotube ribbon about one metre wide and as thin as paper could support a space elevator.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Équipement et outillage d'exploration spatiale
CONT

La NIAC (Institut des Concepts Avancées de la NASA) a publié une étude fin 2002 sur tous les aspects d'un système d'ascenseur spatial, de la construction aux opérations. Premièrement, l'ascenseur serait constitué d'un câble d'une longueur de 91 000 km et d'un diamètre variant de 1 micron à 11.5 cm. Ce filin serait mis en orbite à l'aide d'une navette spatiale aidée de quelques propulseurs supplémentaires, qui, une fois en orbite géostationnaire, serviraient de contrepoids. Les forces centripètes repousseraient alors la partie haute du filin vers l'espace tandis que la partie basse serait attirée par la Terre, mettant le tout en tension. Ce premier lien serait capable d'envoyer plus d'une tonne en orbite. Il suffira ensuite d'utiliser ce premier câble pour en mettre en orbite de nouveaux. Ces filins seront constitués de nanotubes de carbone. Le plus gros défi technologique serait de construire 91 000 km de nanotubes car aujourd'hui la technologie ne permet d'en construire que quelques centimètres. Le ratio actuel nanotube/résine epoxy est de 60/40. Il faudra réussir à descendre à 98/2. Les principaux risques liés au transport par ascenseur seront dus aux météorites, aux ouragans ou aux attaques terroristes. Le filin pourra être réparé in-situ. Ce système ne nécessiterait pas de maîtriser la fusion nucléaire. De simples batteries et panneaux solaires suffiront à alimenter l'ascenseur. La plupart des technologies nécessaires existent déjà ou existeront dans le court terme. Les prévisions actuelles prévoient un budget de 7 à 10 milliards sur 15 ans.

Spanish

Save record 56

Record 57 2004-08-31

English

Subject field(s)
  • Informatics
OBS

A prefix meaning one thousand. Its abbreviation is K. In computer use it also refers to the "power of two" closest to that number, [1024 = 2 to the 10th power].

OBS

... a ’K’ is used for a number which is either 1, 000 or 1, 024, depending on whether the context calls for integral powers of 10 or 2. If we say that a certain computer has a memory capacity of 4 K words, then, this means either 4, 000 or 4, 096 words, depending on whether the computer in question has a decimal or binary address system. However, the usage is a little loose : the number 216=65, 536 is written either as 64 K or 65 K.

OBS

In metrology, the lower case "k" is the proper symbol for kilo-; however, in computer use, the upper case "K" seems to prevail.

Key term(s)
  • kilo

French

Domaine(s)
  • Informatique
DEF

[...] quantité d'information [...] qui vaut, en informatique, 1024, soit 2[à la dixième puissance].

PHR

Kbit, Kmot, Koctet.

OBS

En métrologie on utilise le «k» minuscule comme symbole de kilo-; mais, en informatique, il semble que c'est le «K» majuscule qui l'emporte.

Key term(s)
  • kilo

Spanish

Save record 57

Record 58 2004-06-28

English

Subject field(s)
  • Lithography, Offset Printing and Collotype
  • Letterpress (printing methods)
  • Trade
  • Internet and Telematics
DEF

Means to send and receive via telecommunications, disk, tape, and other means commonly used for the transfer of information between computer systems and applications. This does not require that the computer system use Latin alphabet no. 1 as its internal character set, although this is preferable. However, if there is a translation process between the internal character set and the Latin alphabet no. 1 character set, then the loss of character representations must be minimized, and at least the 13 lowercase accented characters commonly used in French(à â ç é è ê ë î ï ô ù û ü) should be preserved.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Lithographie, offset et phototypie
  • Typographie (procédés d'impression)
  • Commerce
  • Internet et télématique
DEF

Envoyer et recevoir par les télécommunications, disques, rubans et autres moyens ordinairement utilisés pour le transfert d'information entre systèmes informatiques et les applications. C'est préférable que le système informatique utilise l'Alphabet latin n 1 comme jeu de caractères interne, mais il n'est pas nécessaire. Cependant, s'il y a un processus de conversion entre le jeu de caractères interne et l'Alphabet latin n 1, on doit minimiser la perte de représentations de caractères, et au moins on doit garder les 13 caractères accentués qui sont habituellement utilisés en français (à â ç é è ê ë î ï ô ù û ü).

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Litografía, offset y fototipia
  • Tipografía (procesos de impresión)
  • Comercio
  • Internet y telemática
DEF

Transmitir información de un punto a otro.

Save record 58

Record 59 2004-04-23

English

Subject field(s)
  • Anti-pollution Measures
  • Spacecraft
CONT

ISTOP stands for Integrated Satellite Tracking of Polluters, and employs daily satellite photos in which oil slicks can be identified. These can then be confirmed by over-flights of the area, and then samples can be taken. Vessel images in photos can be correlated with vessel transits based on AIS data. RADARSAT 2, which will be operable in 2005, will be able to define the shapes of vessels. As developed for Eastern Canada, the program involves coordination of existing activities by such federal agencies as the Canadian Coast Guard, Transport Canada, Environment Canada, and Defense. If the radar operator reports an image on the daily scan that looks like oil, then over-flights can be mobilized within an hour. This program is also used in Sweden and Denmark.

OBS

It is estimated that 60 to 100K birds are killed annually by oil illegal discharges at sea.. Radarsat technology will be used to reduce chronic oil pollution impact on seabirds. This collaborative effort will invole federal departments and private industry ...

French

Domaine(s)
  • Mesures antipollution
  • Engins spatiaux

Spanish

Save record 59

Record 60 2004-04-20

English

Subject field(s)
  • Radar, Radio Guidance and Goniometry
  • Flight Instruments and Equipment (Aeroindustry)
  • Weather Stations and Meteorological Instruments and Equipment
DEF

The cathode ray tube indicator in a radar set which displays the received signal.

CONT

In her deposition, Ms. O’Bryan testified that ordinarily when she released an aircraft from the Augusta Airport she would watch her radar screen until the aircraft got high enough to establish radar contact.... [then] if the aircraft had reached high enough to establish radar contact and had then descended below radar contact, the aircraft's call sign would have moved to a "suspense list" on her radar scope, but she said this did not happen.

CONT

When using radar it is important to examine all the storms on the radarscope. ... When the radarscope has several storms, it can be very difficult to determine which one will be the "storm of the day".

CONT

Weather Watch radars detect rain and hail and estimate their intensity from the strength of the echoes. The radar screen typically shows rain location on a map overlay - in effect, looking down on a storm - and presents various rain intensities in different colours.

OBS

radar screen; radar scope: terms officially approved by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO).

French

Domaine(s)
  • Radar, radioguidage et radiogoniométrie
  • Instruments et équipement de bord (Constructions aéronautiques)
  • Stations, instruments et équipements météorologiques
DEF

Tube cathodique qui affiche les échos reçus par un radar.

CONT

Le radar météorologique canadien est maintenant facilement accessible, [...] mais la présence de couleurs dans une partie de l'écran radar ne signifie pas qu'il pleuve, ni qu'il neige. Par la même occasion, le simple fait que les échos paraissent faibles ou soient invisibles ne signifie pas qu'un lieu donné ne reçoive pas une importante chute de pluie ou de neige.

OBS

écran radar : terme uniformisé par l'Organisation de l'aviation civile internationale (OACI).

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Guía radárica, radioguía y radiogoniometría
  • Instrumentos y equipo de vuelo (Industria aeronáutica)
  • Estaciones, instrumentos y equipos meteorológicos
DEF

Tubo catódico de un equipo de radar que presenta las señales recibidas.

OBS

pantalla de radar: término aceptado oficialmente por la Organización de Aviación Civil Internacional (OACI).

Save record 60

Record 61 2004-02-26

English

Subject field(s)
  • Preoperative and Postoperative Treatment
  • Cancers and Oncology
DEF

Mammography or ultrasound guided needle placement to mark the location of the suspicious area for the surgeon.

OBS

This procedure [needle localization] is used when the abnormality in the breast is not palpable, yet the mammogram results are suspicious and require a surgical biopsy. If the surgeon recommends an excisional biopsy to remove the non-palpable area of suspicion, then, using ultrasound or mammography, the radiologist inserts a thin needle into the breast before surgery that will guide the surgeon in locating the suspicious area for removal.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Traitements pré- et post-opératoires
  • Cancers et oncologie
CONT

Biopsie stéréoguidée, localisation à l'aiguille et galactographie.

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Tratamientos preoperatorios y postoperatorios
  • Tipos de cáncer y oncología
DEF

Técnica para localizar una zona pequeña, sospechosa de la mama, previamente identificada mediante una mamografía, y poder realizar una biopsia.

OBS

El radiólogo utiliza el mamograma para poder encontrar el lugar exacto y señalarlo en la piel. En este punto se introduce una aguja muy fina y hueca con un alambre del tamaño de un pelo en la mama. Mediante el alambre el médico encuentra el área sospechosa que no se puede ver a simple vista para extraer el tejido al mismo tiempo que el alambre.

Save record 61

Record 62 2004-01-22

English

Subject field(s)
  • Reproduction (Medicine)
OBS

This method is based on the identification of the time of ovulation and then abstinence from sexual intercourse around this time. The ovum is fertilizable for about 12 to 24 hours only, but sperm have been found to be viable in the female genital tract for up to 5 days. It becomes imperative... that the couple... avoid coitus well in advance of the time of ovulation if this method is to prove successful.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Reproduction (Médecine)
OBS

Cette méthode se base sur l'alternance de la période de stérilité et de fertilité féminine. Elle comporte donc l'acceptation d'une continence périodique au moment de l'ovulation.

Spanish

Save record 62

Record 63 2004-01-21

English

Subject field(s)
  • Thermonuclear fusion
  • Plasma Physics
DEF

A sustained equilibrium burn of a plasma with no auxiliary heating, other than for optimizing the plasma behavior. A state where energy release by thermonuclear reactions is sufficient to balance energy losses and is free of spontaneous excursions of thermonuclear power.

CONT

In a thermonuclear fusion reactor... When there are a great number of fusion reactions, the energy carried by the helium nuclei remains confined in the plasma and contributes to heating it. If this contribution becomes equal to the energy lost by the plasma, then the heating methods... are no longer necessary. The thermonuclear plasma is thus self-maintained, and we say that it is in ignition.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Fusion thermonucléaire
  • Physique des plasmas
CONT

Dans un réacteur de fusion thermonucléaire [...] Lorsque les réactions de fusion sont en nombre important, l'énergie portée par les noyaux d'hélium reste confinée dans le plasma et contribue à son chauffage. Si cette contribution devient égale à l'énergie perdue par le plasma, alors les méthodes de chauffage [...] ne sont plus nécessaires. Le plasma thermonucléaire est alors autoentretenu : on dit qu'il est en ignition.

CONT

La fusion produit, au sein du plasma, des particules énergétiques bien plus « chaudes » que le plasma lui-même; en conséquence les interactions de ces particules avec le plasma peuvent maintenir le milieu en température. Ce mécanisme d'autoentretien de la réaction est appelé l'ignition du plasma.

Spanish

Save record 63

Record 64 2003-11-12

English

Subject field(s)
  • Atmospheric Physics
DEF

Condensation which occurs in the absence of condensation nuclei.

CONT

If only water is involved in either the process of condensation or freezing then that process is called either HOMOGENEOUS condensation or HOMOGENEOUS freezing. Most condensation or freezing, however, involves more than just water. Most often particulates(often called aerosols) serve as nuclei to initiate the process. In this case the process is a HETEROGENEOUS process.

OBS

Homogeneous condensation occurs at relative humidity values greater than 440%.

OBS

This process is not important in the atmosphere.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Physique de l'atmosphère
DEF

Condensation qui se produit en l'absence de noyaux de condensation.

OBS

Ce processus est peu important dans l'atmosphère.

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Física de la atmósfera
DEF

Condensación que se produce en ausencia de núcleos de condensación.

OBS

Es un proceso poco importante en la atmósfera.

Save record 64

Record 65 2003-09-18

English

Subject field(s)
  • Statistical Methods
  • Cost of Living
  • National Accounting
  • Government Accounting
CONT

The term splicing usually refers to the joining together of two or more series of index numbers, the first on one base, the second on another base and so on. If two different series cover the run between them and provided that they have at least one period in common, then they can be spliced together by equating them in a common period. The validity of this procedure is based on the assumption that if the old series could be continued, it would move in parallel with the new series in the sense of showing the same percentage changes.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Méthodes statistiques
  • Coût de la vie
  • Comptabilité nationale
  • Comptabilité publique
CONT

On entend par raccordement d'indices le procédé permettant de relier entre eux dans une série chronologique des indices de même nature : soit des indices élémentaires; soit des indices synthétiques (et dans ce cas, le raccordement est lié au changement de la pondération au cours d'une période) = cas des indices chaînes pour les prix à la consommation.

Spanish

Save record 65

Record 66 2003-02-24

English

Subject field(s)
  • Soil Science
DEF

The amount of moisture required to restore a soil sample to its field capacity.

CONT

... Soil Moisture Deficit(SMD)... is the amount of water that is required to bring a soil back to field capacity once some of the available water has been used up. Irrigation typically takes place when a predetermined SMD has been reached. This SMD may typically be 30-70% or so of the available water figure. Example :-If field capacity is 22 mm, and the available water capacity is 14 mm(this means that there is 8 mm of water which is unavailable to the plant!), then you may decide to irrigate when the SMD has reached within the range 4 mm-10 mm(i. e. between 30% and 70% of 14 mm) :If you wait until there is a SMD of 30%, there will be 4 mm of available water left in the soil, in this example. The deficit is not brought back to field capacity in practice, but maybe 80-90% of it as this allows for any unforeseen rainfall that may occur. Thus, 90% of this example field capacity is 20 mm,(i. e. 90/100 x 22 mm).

French

Domaine(s)
  • Science du sol
DEF

Quantité d'humidité nécessaire pour ramener un échantillon de sol à sa capacité au champ.

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Ciencia del suelo
DEF

Cantidad de humedad requerida para que una muestra representativa del suelo recupere su capacidad de campo.

Save record 66

Record 67 2002-12-10

English

Subject field(s)
  • Scientific Research Methods
  • The Stars (Astronomy)
CONT

A new star identification, based on the fact that any star direction C can be expressed as a linear combination of two given directions(A and B) and their cross product(AxB), is presented.... The Star is identified if there is only one star which satisfies the requirements. This procedure, which is then repeated for any other star observed, yields the complete star pattern recognition.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Méthodes de recherche scientifique
  • Étoiles (Astronomie)

Spanish

Save record 67

Record 68 2002-11-13

English

Subject field(s)
  • Atomic Physics
  • Plasma Physics
CONT

The usual description of the scattering of radiation is based on the assumption of scattering by individual particles. However, this concept breaks down if the medium becomes ’continuous’, that is if the distance between the scattering particles becomes less than the wavelength of the radiation(analogous to the specular reflection from a surface). The usual effects of scattering(i. e. spatial redistribution of radiation) disappear in this case as the scattering phase function becomes sharply peaked into the forward direction. Density gradients of the medium will then result in a quasi-refraction effect(the refraction of light in the earth's atmosphere is likely to be of this type).

French

Domaine(s)
  • Physique atomique
  • Physique des plasmas

Spanish

Save record 68

Record 69 2002-11-07

English

Subject field(s)
  • Beverages
  • Water Treatment (Water Supply)
  • Food Industries
CONT

Municipal water is used as a source for approximately 25% of the bottled water sold in the United States. However most of this processed water has gone through significant processing such as reverse osmosis, deionization, activated carbon filtration and other treatments. Often it is packaged as "purified" or "drinking water". If the water has not been substantially altered, then it must state on the label that the water comes from a municipal water source.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Boissons (Industrie de l'alimentation)
  • Traitement des eaux
  • Industrie de l'alimentation
CONT

Une fois décantée, l'eau traitée peut être acheminée directement au cours d'eau ou préalablement vers un système UV si une désinfection de l'effluent est nécessaire.

Spanish

Save record 69

Record 70 2002-10-31

English

Subject field(s)
  • Architectural Elements
CONT

Roof crickets are the roof design element to slow down and redirect water coming down the roof above a large roof protrusion(chimney, skylight or wall). If this is not done, then water can splash over the back saddle flashing and cause a leak. The minimum requirement is that a cricket or diverter be in place on all protrusions wider than 30 inches.

CONT

Flashing are the L-shaped metal pieces that go from the roof to the roof protrusion (chimney, dormer, skylite, etc) or for pipes, its the metal rectangle with the rubber piece in the middle that goes over the protruding pipe.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Éléments d'architecture
DEF

Élément en saillie au dessus des pans de toiture d'un comble.

DEF

Désigne tout élément en saillie au-dessus des pans de toiture d'un comble: souches de cheminées, conduits d'aération, antennes, épis, etc.

CONT

Les ouvrages hors combles. [...] lucarnes, lanterneaux [...] Souches de cheminées [...] Antennes. [...] Il ne doit pas être réalisé d'autres ouvrages hors combles visibles que ceux désignés ci-dessus; les machineries d'ascenseur ne seront tolérées que lorsqu'elles échapperont aux vues du passant et à condition qu'elles soient incorporées dans le volume général de la toiture.

Key term(s)
  • hors combles
  • ouvrage hors-combles
  • élément hors-combles

Spanish

Save record 70

Record 71 2002-10-07

English

Subject field(s)
  • Constitutional Law
  • The Legislature (Constitutional Law)
DEF

The doctrine holding that if a statute is so broadly written that it deters free expression, then it can be struck down on its face because of its chilling effect even if it also prohibits acts that may legitimately be forbidden. The Supreme Court has used this doctrine to invalidate a number of laws, including those that would disallow peaceful picketing or require loyalty oaths.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Droit constitutionnel
  • Pouvoir législatif (Droit constitutionnel)
OBS

Source : Nova Scotia Pharmaceutical Society, [1992] 2 R.C.S. 606, 643.

Spanish

Save record 71

Record 72 2002-09-10

English

Subject field(s)
  • Personnel Management (General)
DEF

Favoritism shown to persons by giving them positions because of their relationship rather than their merit.

CONT

We want a system based upon merit. Does this mean "best qualified" or simply that one is selected on the basis of skills and competencies and not on the bais of nepotism or favouritism? If it's the latter, then we don not need anything more than tools, and redress mechanisms, to ensure competence, not relative competence.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Gestion du personnel (Généralités)
DEF

Favoritisme qu'une personne exerce à l'égard d'une autre pour l'obtention d'un emploi.

CONT

Nous voulons un système fondé sur le mérite. Cela signifie-t-il qu'il faut choisir le candidat le «plus qualifié» ou simplement un candidat qui possède les compétences et les connaissances requises (le choix ne doit pas être teinté de népotisme et de favoritisme)? Dans le dernier cas, nous n'avons besoin que de certains outils, et de mécanisme de recours, pour assurer les compétences, et non les compétences relatives.

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Gestión del personal (Generalidades)
Save record 72

Record 73 2002-08-26

English

Subject field(s)
  • General Mechanics (Physics)
  • Aircraft Piloting and Navigation
  • Navigation Instruments
  • Flight Instruments and Equipment (Aeroindustry)
CONT

Gyroscopes can be used as devices for direction finding, guidance, and control. If a gyroscope, mounted on its gimbal rings, is set spinning about a horizontal axis, and the outer gimbal ring is rotated in a horizontal plane, then the inner gimbal ring, carrying the flywheel, tilts up out of the horizontal plane in which it, too first lay. After a few oscillations, damped out by friction, the axis of spin of the gyroscope settles down along a vertical direction. Inertial guidance systems make use of very similar phenomena. Once a gyroscope has been set spinning about a chosen axis, any motion that would cause it to deviate from this direction calls into existence a torque that can be used as an error signal to control corrective maneuvers... Some of the most important applications of gyroscopic phenomena are in aircraft instruments. A free(perfectly balanced) gyroscope can give a constant indication of a chosen reference direction for checking the correct course, and a gravitationally loaded gyroscope can be used to identify the true vertical at all times and so define an artificial horizon against which the pilot can measure the angles of bank and climb.

Key term(s)
  • gyroscopic phenomena

French

Domaine(s)
  • Mécanique générale (Physique)
  • Pilotage et navigation aérienne
  • Instruments de navigation
  • Instruments et équipement de bord (Constructions aéronautiques)
CONT

Le gyroscope construit par Foucault 1852 est un appareil qui dérive de son pendule. Comme lui, il met en évidence les effets de la rotation de la terre. Il est constitué d'une masse lourde, appelée rotor, en mouvement de rotation rapide autour d'un axe restant fixe dans un référentiel galiléen. Le gyroscope se caractérise par un moment cinétique élevé. Il existe des gyroscopes dont l'axe en rotation est lié à l'armature de l'appareil par deux axes et d'autres reliés à un seul axe. On retrouve le phénomène gyroscopique dans des jouets tels que les toupies. Il est utilisé dans des appareils appelés compas gyroscopiques servant au guidage des missiles, des avions et des satellites.

Spanish

Save record 73

Record 74 2002-04-05

English

Subject field(s)
  • Remote Sensing
DEF

The use of training statistics obtained from one geographic area to classify data from similar areas some distance away.

CONT

The alternative to depending on training sites for classification is to apply the concept of signature extension. This term refers to the assumption that a single, more or less constant, spectral signature may be defined as characteristic of any class, and that this signature has broad(universal) applicability to any scene in a region, or even worldwide. As a specific example, the signature for winter wheat at its maturation should be essentially the same for fields in the U. S. Great Plains, Argentina, the Ukraine, and Australia-provided such variables as differing air masses, Sun position, soil types, soil moisture, etc. are compensated for. If that proves true, then an unknown feature or class in a given scene anywhere should be classifiable by comparing its spectral properties(for a Landsat pixel, its multiband digital number [DN] values) to a "data bank" containing standard values for each of many classes. The closest fit of the unknown's DN [digital number] values to those of some one class in the bank is assumed to identify it.

OBS

signature extension: term officially approved by the RADARSAT-2 Terminology Approval Group (RTAG).

French

Domaine(s)
  • Télédétection
DEF

En classification des données, application des statistiques d'une zone géographique donnée à d'autres zones semblables, plus ou moins éloignées.

OBS

extension de signature : terme uniformisé par le Groupe de travail de la terminologie de RADARSAT-2 (GTTR).

Spanish

Save record 74

Record 75 2001-12-24

English

Subject field(s)
  • Waste Management
  • Nuclear Waste Materials
  • Dredging
CONT

If the fundamental principle guiding management is only permanent disposal, then options for waste management will be very limited since all management solutions must meet the safety and environmental standards set out by regulatory authorities. For example, considerations of such factors as volume, the disruption which removal might cause, costs and local preferences may make long-term management in situ a practical option for some of the existing wastes. The Task Force feels the uranium mine and mill tailings and the phosphogypsum wastes are best dealt with in this manner and that in situ management should at least be considered for several other waste deposits...

Key term(s)
  • in-situ management

French

Domaine(s)
  • Gestion des déchets
  • Déchets nucléaires
  • Dragage

Spanish

Save record 75

Record 76 2001-07-04

English

Subject field(s)
  • Geology
  • Geochemistry
  • Environment
CONT

... the conditions of an arid climate with alternating seasons does not square itself at all with the conditions required for the genesis of kaolinite. On the other hand, the genesis of kaolinite can be perfectly understood if one admits that it formed under an acid swamp... Then, an extremely weak epeirogenic movement suffices to bring the swamp into a position of complete emergence. The hygrophytic vegetation dies, and kaolinitic soils are delivered to the erosional process. This is "exundation rhexistasy. "

French

Domaine(s)
  • Géologie
  • Géochimie
  • Environnement
CONT

[...] les conditions de climat aride à saisons alternantes ne cadrent pas du tout avec les conditions requises pour la genèse de la kaolinite. Par contre, la genèse de la kaolinite se comprend parfaitement, si on admet qu'elle s'est formée sous le marécage acide [...] Il suffit alors d'un mouvement épirogénique extrêmement faible pour porter cette portion de marécage en position de franche exondaison. La végétation hygrophytique meurt et les sols kaoliniques sont livrés à l'érosion. C'est la «rhexistasie d'exondaison».

Spanish

Save record 76

Record 77 2001-05-09

English

Subject field(s)
  • Examinations and Competitions (Education)
  • Recruiting of Personnel
CONT

First, the raw score is determined which is generally the number of questions the candidate answers correctly. After the results are analyzed, a band score table is constructed for the test. The band score table is then applied to the raw score to determine the final score. Typically, a band score covers a range of scores and bands [that] are reported in five point increments. This method is called band scoring. Example : A range of raw scores from 45 to 47 are assigned a band score of 80. If you receive a raw score of either 45, 46 or 47, your final score would be 80.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Docimologie
  • Recrutement du personnel

Spanish

Save record 77

Record 78 2001-05-09

English

Subject field(s)
  • Examinations and Competitions (Education)
  • Recruiting of Personnel
CONT

In response to the task force initiative to improve hiring flexibility, the Department moved from point-by-point scoring to a broader band scoring (i.e., 100, 95, 90, etc.).

CONT

First, the raw score is determined which is generally the number of questions the candidate answers correctly. After the results are analyzed, a band score table is constructed for the test. The band score table is then applied to the raw score to determine the final score. Typically, a band score covers a range of scores and bands [that] are reported in five point increments. This method is called band scoring. Example : A range of raw scores from 45 to 47 are assigned a band score of 80. If you receive a raw score of either 45, 46 or 47, your final score would be 80.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Docimologie
  • Recrutement du personnel

Spanish

Save record 78

Record 79 2001-05-07

English

Subject field(s)
  • Lithography, Offset Printing and Collotype
  • Letterpress (printing methods)
  • Trade
  • Internet and Telematics
CONT

This does not require that the computer system use Latin alphabet its internal character set, although this is preferable. However, if there is a translation process between the internal character set and the Latin alphabet character set, then the loss of character representations must be minimized, and at least the 13 lowercase accented characters commonly used in French(à â ç é è ê ë î ï ô ù û ü) should be preserved.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Lithographie, offset et phototypie
  • Typographie (procédés d'impression)
  • Commerce
  • Internet et télématique
CONT

C'est préférable que le système informatique utilise l'Alphabet latin comme jeu de caractères interne, mais il n'est pas nécessaire. Cependant, s'il y a un processus de conversion entre le jeu de caractères interne et l'Alphabet latin, on doit minimiser la perte de représentations de caractères, et au moins on doit garder les 13 caractères accentués qui sont habituellement utilisés en français (à â ç é è ê ë î ï ô ù û ü).

Spanish

Save record 79

Record 80 2001-05-07

English

Subject field(s)
  • Lithography, Offset Printing and Collotype
  • Letterpress (printing methods)
  • Trade
  • Internet and Telematics
CONT

"Communicate" means to send and receive via telecommunications, disk, tape, and other means commonly used for the transfer of information between computer systems and applications. This does not require that the computer system use Latin alphabet as its internal character set, although this is preferable. However, if there is a translation process between the internal character set and the Latin alphabet character set, then the loss of character representations must be minimized, and at least the 13 lowercase accented characters commonly used in French(à â ç é è ê ë î ï ô ù û ü) should be preserved.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Lithographie, offset et phototypie
  • Typographie (procédés d'impression)
  • Commerce
  • Internet et télématique
CONT

«Communiquer» signifie envoyer et recevoir par les télécommunications, disques, rubans et autres moyens ordinairement utilisés pour le transfert d'information entre systèmes informatiques et les applications. C'est préférable que le système informatique utilise l'Alphabet latin comme jeu de caractères interne, mais il n'est pas nécessaire. Cependant, s'il y a un processus de conversion entre le jeu de caractères interne et l'Alphabet latin, on doit minimiser la perte de représentations de caractères, et au moins on doit garder les 13 caractères accentués qui sont habituellement utilisés en français (à â ç é è ê ë î ï ô ù û ü).

Spanish

Save record 80

Record 81 2000-08-24

English

Subject field(s)
  • Surveying
DEF

Stake used in setting out to indicate the edge of a pavement, the shoulder line, the top and toe of banks, etc., and recording the distance from the centre line and the amount of cut or fill required.

CONT

As soon as work is started on a cut or fill section, centerline stakes may be destroyed by equipment and many of the slope stakes will be removed. In order to eliminate resurveying of portions of the road to relocate these stakes, offset stakes are placed beyond the limits of construction and are used to relocate the original stakes. Offset stakes are set on a line at right angles to the centerline of the facility. From these, the slope/stakes can easily be located. After relocating a slope stake, the centerline stake can be relocated by measuring toward the centerline of the road the horizontal distance indicated on the slope stake and placing the new centerline stake there; Placement and marking. An offset stake will contain all the info given on the original slope stake plus the horizontal distance from the original slope stake to the offset stake. This offset distance is marked on the front of the stake and is circled to indicate that it is an offset reference. If the off-set stake is at a different elevation than the slope stake, then the cut or fill value will be increased or decreased by the difference in elevation. An offset stake placed a horizontal distance of 6 M and 0. 3 M above the right slope stake mentioned above would be placed and marked....

French

Domaine(s)
  • Arpentage
DEF

Piquet servant à indiquer le bord d'une superstructure, la ligne de l'accotement, le sommet et le pied de la rive, etc., ainsi qu'à déterminer la distance de la ligne médiane et les quantités de déblais et de remblais nécessaires.

CONT

Lorsqu'il est indispensable de conserver très longtemps un repère important, on plante un drapeau à côté de lui, pour signaler sa présence, de façon à écarter les ouvriers et les véhicules, et on n'achève les travaux à son emplacement que tout à la fin du chantier. Mais on ne peut agir ainsi qu'en un nombre très limité de points. Dans le cas général, pour pouvoir rétablir à tout moment des piquets au fur et à mesure de l'avancement des travaux, on doit avoir recours à des piquets auxiliaires M et N reportés en dehors de la zone des travaux (figure 7).

CONT

figure 7 : [...] piquet en report, M et N.

OBS

jalon en report : terme et définition uniformisés par le Groupe de travail de terminologie du génie.

Spanish

Save record 81

Record 82 2000-04-28

English

Subject field(s)
  • Burners and Steamfitting
CONT

Low-high-low prepurge-a prepurge period during which the air damper is driven open for the purge period and then back to low fire position for the burner lightoff. This is called low-high-low proven prepurge if suitable interlocks indicate that the damper actually reached the open position during prepurge, and then closed again before ignition trials.

OBS

See records "low-high-low prepurge", "proved ignition" and "proven prepurge".

French

Domaine(s)
  • Fumisterie et brûleurs
OBS

Voir les fiches «prébalayage allures minimale-maximale-minimale», «allumage par étincelle contrôlée» et «prébalayage contrôlé».

Spanish

Save record 82

Record 83 1999-11-22

English

Subject field(s)
  • International Public Law
CONT

Satisfaction may be defined as any measure which the author of a breach of duty is bound to take under customary law or under an agreement by the parties to a dispute, a part from restitution or compensation. Satisfaction is an aspect of reparation in the broad sense. However, it is not easy to distinguish between pecuniary satisfaction and compensation in the case of breaches of duty not resulting in death, personal injuries, or damage to or loss of property. Claims of this sort are commonly expressed as a claim for an "indemnity". If there is a distinction, it would seem to be in the intention behind the demand. If it is predominantly that of seeking a token of regret and acknowledgment of wrongdoing then it is a matter of satisfaction. The objects of satisfaction are three, which are often cumulative; apologies or other acknowledgment of wrongdoing by means of a salute to the flag or payment of an indemnity; the punishment of the individuals concerned; and the taking of measures to prevent a recurrence of the harm.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Droit international public
DEF

Avantage d'ordre moral qu'obtient un État à titre de redressement d'un acte ou d'un comportement ayant engagé la responsabilité d'un autre État. Par ex., regrets, salut au drapeau, excuse, punition des agents responsables, proclamation par l'arbitre ou le juge du caractère illicite du comportement de l'État coupable.

OBS

Reproduit de la Liste provisoire de termes juridiques se rapportant aux travaux de la Commission du droit international avec l'autorisation de l'Office des Nations Unies à Genève.

Spanish

Save record 83

Record 84 1999-06-16

English

Subject field(s)
  • Molecular Biology
  • Bioengineering
CONT

One of the most important new designs in the field of laser scanning microscopy is Bio-Rad's new multiphoton microscope. The primary benefit of multiphoton or two-photon microscopy is that it can penetrate much deeper into tissue samples, permitting an unobstructed view of cells such as neurons. The way it accomplishes this feat involves an unusual characteristic of light. When two photons hit a fluorophor simultaneously, it's as if one photon of half the wavelength excited the targeted fluorophor. If two photons of infrared light are directed at a particular sample, they will penetrate to a depth of several millimeters and then combine in the focal plane where the photons are most concentrated, reacting as if one photon of blue light hit the sample. The result is a deep tissue image of superior resolution. Although confocal and multiphoton techniques are generally considered to be overlapping technologies, some enthusiastic supporters consider the multiphoton technique a replacement for confocal microscopy.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Biologie moléculaire
  • Technique biologique
CONT

La microscopie multiphotons ou plus précisément deux ou trois photons, peut être considérée comme une évolution de la microscopie confocale [...] Le principe de la microscopie à deux photons consiste à exciter un fluorochrome, non plus au moyen d'un seul photon de haute énergie (E), mais de deux photons dont les énergies sont diminuées de moitié (E/2)[...] la quantité de radicaux libres produits est très nettement réduite. Ce type de microscopie utilise de très courtes émissions de lumière, générées par des lasers infrarouges de puissance élevée.

OBS

Tiré du Technoscope.

Spanish

Save record 84

Record 85 1999-02-11

English

Subject field(s)
  • Management Control
  • Accounting
DEF

The assessment of the future financial expenditure of a business. The accounts department will regularly check that expenditure compares with the assessment made and if there is any variance then this is reported to the directors who will make a decision regarding efficacy of the budget control system. [Klein, Gerald. Dictionary of Banking, Pitman Publishing, 1995].

French

Domaine(s)
  • Contrôle de gestion
  • Comptabilité
DEF

Technique de contrôle de gestion destinée à assurer que les gestionnaires d'une entreprise ou d'une organisation à caractère public maintiennent leurs dépenses et leurs recettes à l'intérieur des prévisions budgétaires pour l'année en cours.

CONT

Le contrôle budgétaire constitue l'une des techniques du contrôle de gestion permettant, à partir d'une décentralisation des responsabilités, d'assurer un contrôle, dans le cadre d'un exercice budgétaire (généralement un an), de l'ensemble des activités de l'entreprise, traduites en unités monétaires.

OBS

Cette comparaison des résultats obtenus avec les objectifs fixés à l'origine révèle des écarts budgétaires dont il y a lieu de rechercher les causes. Une action corrective doit alors être immédiatement entreprise. Le contrôle budgétaire permet ainsi de s'assurer que l'entité poursuit son activité dans la ligne de conduite tracée.

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Control de gestión
  • Contabilidad
Save record 85

Record 86 1998-07-24

English

Subject field(s)
  • Economic Co-operation and Development
  • Accounting
DEF

A type of analysis commonly used to compare alternative projects or project designs when value of output(benefits) cannot be measured adequately(e. g. certain transport projects). If it can be assumed that the(unquantifiable) benefits exceed the cost and if appropriate adjustments are made for any differences in benefits among the alternatives, the task is then to minimize the cost of obtaining them through [this type of] analysis.

Key term(s)
  • least-cost analysis

French

Domaine(s)
  • Coopération et développement économiques
  • Comptabilité

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Cooperación y desarrollo económicos
  • Contabilidad
Save record 86

Record 87 1998-03-03

English

Subject field(s)
  • Human Behaviour
CONT

The Maximum Rationality Hypothesis was proposed by Allen Newell in 1982 as the principle of rationality :"If an agent has knowledge that one of its actions will lead to one of its goals, then the agent will select that action". This formulation results in the law of behavior at the knowledge level. Thus, there is a direct connection between goals, knowledge and subsequent actions.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Comportement humain
CONT

La théorie du comportement axé sur un objectif a fourni le cadre de travail qui a servi à valider, sur le plan conceptuel, les déterminants du comportement en matière d'activité physique.

Spanish

Save record 87

Record 88 1998-02-27

English

Subject field(s)
  • Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulics (Physics)
  • Rheology
CONT

... the electrorheological effect lies in a phenomenon termed electrical polarizability. In an electric field-between, say, a pair of charged metal plates-the positively charged protons inside a particle will be attracted toward one electrode while the negatively charged electrons will be attracted toward the opposite electrode. The result is that the positive and negative charges shift somewhat inside the particle, each in an opposite direction. A particle in an electric field thus becomes an electric dipole, whose positive and negative poles are analogous to a magnet's north and south poles. The strength of this effect varies according to the electrical polarizability of the substance. If the polarizability is large, then large amounts of electric charge shift over large distances toward the particles’ opposite poles. If the polarizability is small, then the particles hardly respond at all to an applied electric field.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Mécanique des fluides et hydraulique (Physique)
  • Rhéologie
CONT

[...] l'effet électro-rhéologique résulte de la polarisabilité électrique des fluides. Dans un champ électrique, par exemple entre deux plaques métalliques, les protons d'une particule, chargés positivement, sont attirés vers une électrode, cependant que ses électrons, chargés négativement sont attirés par l'autre. Il en résulte un déplacement, dans des directions opposées, des charges positives et négatives. Une particule dans un champ électrique devient ainsi un dipôle électrique dont les pôles positif et négatif sont analogues aux pôles Nord et Sud d'un aimant. L'intensité de cet effet varie selon la polarisabilité électrique de la substance. Si la polarisabilité est importante, de grandes charges électriques se déplacent sur de grandes distances, vers les pôles opposés de la particule; si la polarisabilité est faible, alors les particules ne sont presque pas sensibles à l'application d'un champ électrique.

Key term(s)
  • effet électrorhéologique

Spanish

Save record 88

Record 89 1998-02-27

English

Subject field(s)
  • Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulics (Physics)
  • Rheology
CONT

... the electrorheological effect lies in a phenomenon termed electrical polarizability. In an electric field-between, say, a pair of charged metal plates-the positively charged protons inside a particle will be attracted toward one electrode while the negatively charged electrons will be attracted toward the opposite electrode. The result is that the positive and negative charges shift somewhat inside the particle, each in an opposite direction. A particle in an electric field thus becomes an electric dipole, whose positive and negative poles are analogous to a magnet's north and south poles. The strength of this effect varies according to the electrical polarizability of the substance. If the polarizability is large, then large amounts of electric charge shift over large distances toward the particles’ opposite poles. If the polarizability is small, then the particles hardly respond at all to an applied electric field.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Mécanique des fluides et hydraulique (Physique)
  • Rhéologie
CONT

[...] l'effet électro-rhéologique résulte de la polarisabilité électrique des fluides. Dans un champ électrique, par exemple entre deux plaques métalliques, les protons d'une particule, chargés positivement, sont attirés vers une électrode, cependant que ses électrons, chargés négativement sont attirés par l'autre. Il en résulte un déplacement, dans des directions opposées, des charges positives et négatives. Une particule dans un champ électrique devient ainsi un dipôle électrique dont les pôles positif et négatif sont analogues aux pôles Nord et Sud d'un aimant. L'intensité de cet effet varie selon la polarisabilité électrique de la substance. Si la polarisabilité est importante, de grandes charges électriques se déplacent sur de grandes distances, vers les pôles opposés de la particule; si la polarisabilité est faible, alors les particules ne sont presque pas sensibles à l'application d'un champ électrique.

Spanish

Save record 89

Record 90 1997-11-27

English

Subject field(s)
  • IT Security
CONT

Weak keys are secret keys with a certain value for which the block cipher in question will exhibit certain regularities in encryption or, in other cases, a poor level of encryption. For instance, with DES [data encryption standard] there are four keys for which encryption is exactly the same as decryption. This means that if one were to encrypt twice with one of these weak keys, then the original plaintext would be recovered.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Sécurité des TI

Spanish

Save record 90

Record 91 1995-11-16

English

Subject field(s)
  • Internet and Telematics
DEF

A service that informs a user whenever a message arriving at the message store satisfies registered criteria.

OBS

This element of service allows a user of an MS to register relevant sets of criteria that can cause an alert to be generated to the user when a message arrives at the MS satisfying the selected criteria. The generation of the alert can occur as follows : 1) If the UA is connected and on line to the MS, the alert message will be sent to the UA as soon as a message arrives at the MS that satisfied the registered criteria for generating alerts. If the UA is off line then the next time the UA connects to his MS after a message arrives at the MS satisfying the registered criteria, the user will be informed that one or more alert cases have occurred, the details of which can be determined by performing a Stored Message Summary; 2) in addition to, or as alternative to 1) above, the MS can use other mechanisms to inform the user.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Internet et télématique
DEF

Service qui avertit l'utilisateur à chaque fois qu'arrive un message satisfaisant des critères prédéterminés.

OBS

Cet élément de service permet à l'utilisateur d'une MM d'enregistrer un ensemble pertinent de critères qui auront pour effet de provoquer la composition d'un avertissement destiné à l;utilisateur lorsqu'un message satisfaisant les critères sélectionnés arrive à la MM, le message d'avertissement peut se faire de la façon suivante : 1) Si l'AU est relié en permanence à la MM, le message d'avertissement sera transmis au dit AU dès qu'un message satisfaisant les critères enregistrés d'émission d'avertissement arrivera à la MM. Si l'AU n'est plus en ligne, lorsque l'AU se connecte à nouveau à sa MM après l'arrivée à la MM d'un message satisfaisant aux critères enregistrés, l'utilisateur sera informé qu'une ou plusieurs situations d'avertissement se sont présentées, le détail pouvant en être obtenu en demandant un Résumé des messages en mémoire. 2) De plus, ou en remplacement des dispositions ci-dessus, la MM peut utiliser d'autres mécanismes pour informer l'utilisateur.

Spanish

Save record 91

Record 92 1995-03-06

English

Subject field(s)
  • Computer Graphics
CONT

A conventional animation is created in a fairly fixed sequence : The story for the animation is written(or perhaps merely conceived), then a storyboard is laid out.... Next, the soundtrack(if any) is recorded, a detailed layout is produced(with a drawing for every scene in the animation), and the soundtrack is read-that is, the instants at which significant sounds occur are recorded in order. The detailed layout and the soundtrack are then correlated. Next, certain key frames of the animation are drawn-these are the frames in which the entities being animated are at extreme or characteristic positions, from which their intermediate position can be inferred. The intermediate frames are then filled in(this is called inbetweening), and a trial film is made(a pencil test)... Many stages of conventional animation seem ideally suited to computer assistance, especially inbetweening and coloring, which can be done using the seed-fill techniques.... Before the computer can be used, however, the drawings must be digitized. This can be done by using optical scanning, by tracing the drawings with a data tablet, or by producing the original drawings with a drawing program in the first place. The drawings may need to be postprocessed(e. g., filtered) to clean up any glitches arising from the input process(especially optical scanning), and to smooth the contours somewhat. The composition stage, in which foreground and background figures are combined to generate the individual frames for the final animation, can be done with the image-composition techniques....

French

Domaine(s)
  • Infographie
DEF

En animation par ordinateur, image calculée par le programme d'animation en fonction du déplacement effectif.

Spanish

Save record 92

Record 93 1994-10-20

English

Subject field(s)
  • Artificial Intelligence
DEF

one that concludes a value with certainty.

CONT

A definitional rule... is considered to be easier to learn than one that is based on uncertain evidence. If the definitional rule is one that the student has probably seen before..., then this strongly increases the tutor's belief that the student knows this rule.

CONT

... it soon became clear that a rule is definitional to a student only if he has the necessary background knowledge to support it.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Intelligence artificielle
CONT

À l'aide de règles de définition qui sont manipulées par le moteur d'inférence.

Spanish

Save record 93

Record 94 1994-07-15

English

Subject field(s)
  • Mathematics
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Computer Graphics
DEF

The mean square noise voltage across a resistance in thermal equilibrium is four times the product of the resistance, Boltzmann’s constant, the absolute temperature, and the frequency range within which the voltage is measured.

OBS

Applied to image processing, this theorem states that if an image contains no spatial frequency(fc), then the original image can be reconstructed without distortion if it is sampled at a rate at least twice that of the specified frequency(2 fc).(WD, ISO 2382-30 Computer Vison, 1994).

French

Domaine(s)
  • Mathématiques
  • Intelligence artificielle
  • Infographie

Spanish

Save record 94

Record 95 1994-05-09

English

Subject field(s)
  • Heat Exchangers
CONT

In order to more readily understand a steam booster we should cover the basic construction of an average steam booster which would be as follows : A series of copper tubings or coils are fastened together so that a 120° water can be supplied at one end and(if all other requirements are met) 180° water will pass through the other end. This series of coils is placed inside a heavy metal container, the container also has an inlet and an outlet, into which we pass live steam at the required pressures. The steam circulates around the coils and losing its heat by transferring its high temperature to the lower temperature water, soon condensation accumulates at the bottom of the container. The condensation then passes through the discharge opening into either a waste line or what is known as a return line which is piped directly to the boiler where it is again heated into steam for recycling through the very same booster.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Échangeurs de chaleur
CONT

Pour mieux comprendre le fonctionnement d'un réchauffeur à vapeur, voici la description d'un appareil moyen. Une série de tubes ou de serpentins en cuivre, reliés les uns aux autres, admettent de l'eau à 120°F à une extrémité et (toutes les autres exigences étant par ailleurs satisfaites), fournissent de l'eau à 180°F à l'autre extrémité. Ces serpentins se trouvent à l'intérieur d'un contenant en métal lourd, lui-même muni d'une admission et d'une sortie, et dans lequel passe de la vapeur vive à la pression requise. La vapeur circule autour des serpentins, transmettant sa chaleur à l'eau dont la température est moins élevée; cet échange de chaleur provoque la condensation de la vapeur. L'eau de condensation qui s'accumule rapidement au fond du contenant, passe ensuite dans l'ouverture de décharge, à laquelle est raccordée soit une canalisation d'évacuation, soit ce qu'on a convenu d'appeler une canalisation de retour de condensats, elle-même directement reliée à la chaudière, où elle est transformée de nouveau en vapeur, pour ensuite être réutilisée dans le réchauffeur.

Spanish

Save record 95

Record 96 1994-01-24

English

Subject field(s)
  • Symptoms (Medicine)
  • Musculoskeletal System
DEF

Tenderness and radiation of pain or tingling sensation caused by pressing with the thumb when examining the contour of the lumbar spine and checking for local tenderness. If pain radiates down the leg on eliciting this tenderness, it is a reliable sign of root compression at that level. If this does not occur immediately and pressure is maintained, the patient may then begin to complain of paraesthesiae, tingling or even pain in the appropriate radiation.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Symptômes (Médecine)
  • Appareil locomoteur (Médecine)
DEF

Douleur locale avec irradiation sciatique, provoquée par la pression latérovertébrale à la hauteur de l'espace interépineux où siège la hernie discale responsable d'une sciatique vertébrale commune.

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Síntomas (Medicina)
  • Sistema musculoesquelético (Medicina)
Save record 96

Record 97 1993-11-10

English

Subject field(s)
  • Insurance
CONT

A bank shall not make a loan in Canada on the security of residential property in Canada for the purpose of purchasing, renovating or improving that property, or refinance such a loan, if the amount of the loan, together with the amount then outstanding of any mortgage having an equal or prior claim against the property, would exceed 75 per cent of the value of the property at the time of the loan. [This paragraph] does not apply in respect of... a loan if repayment of the amount of the loan... is guaranteed or insured by a government agency or a private insurer approved by the Superintendent;.... [Bank Act].

French

Domaine(s)
  • Assurances
CONT

Il est interdit à la banque de faire garantir par un immeuble résidentiel situé au Canada un prêt consenti au Canada pour l'achat, la rénovation ou l'amélioration de cet immeuble, ou de renouveler un tel prêt, si la somme de celui-ci et du solde impayé de toute hypothèque de rang égal ou supérieur excède soixante-quinze pour cent de la valeur de l'immeuble au moment du prêt. [Ce] paragraphe [...] ne s'applique pas [...] au prêt dont le remboursement, [...] est garanti ou assuré par un organisme gouvernemental ou par un assureur privé agréé par le surintendant; [...] [Loi sur les banques].

Spanish

Save record 97

Record 98 1992-08-28

English

Subject field(s)
  • Aircraft Piloting and Navigation
CONT

The drift compensation method. Experienced pilots often establish heading by constantly compensating for drift as the flight progresses. When the heading to maintain a desired track is established by this method, drift angle can then be easily computed if you need it. Visibility must be such that enough checkpoints are visible to maintain an accurate track.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Pilotage et navigation aérienne
CONT

La méthode de la compensation de la dérive. Les pilotes chevronnés se servent souvent de cette méthode pour pouvoir se fixer un cap qui compense continuellement la dérive à mesure que le vol se déroule. Lorsque le cap permettant de maintenir une route voulue est déterminé d'après cette méthode, l'angle de dérive peut ensuite se calculer facilement si cela s'avère nécessaire. La visibilité en vol doit procurer suffisamment de points de contrôle de façon à pouvoir maintenir une route exacte.

Spanish

Save record 98

Record 99 1991-10-31

English

Subject field(s)
  • Security Devices
DEF

electronic device which senses motion in a protected zone. "Verified" means that the unit incorporates two(2) different technologies to accomplish this. The PIR portion of the unit senses a specific heat change within the ambient temperature of the room.... The microwave or ultrasonic portion of the unit(2nd technology) senses movement by transmitting a frequency into the room and measuring the return bounce of the signal. If it is not the same on its return then an alarm signal is generated.

OBS

Source for "verified PIR motion detector": Communications Canada, Planning Security in our Museums .

French

Domaine(s)
  • Dispositifs de sécurité
DEF

Dispositif électronique qui détecte le mouvement dans une zone protégée. L'expression "à contrôle intégré" signifie que le dispositif utilise deux technologies pour effectuer cette tâche. [La partie utilisant des rayons infrarouges] peut déceler un changement déterminé de température dans une pièce (...) La partie du dispositif utilisant des micro-ondes ou ondes ultrasoniques (deuxième technologie) détecte le mouvement en émettant une fréquence dans la pièce et en mesurant l'onde de retour du signal. Si l'onde de retour varie, un signal d'alarme est déclenché.

Spanish

Save record 99

Record 100 1991-10-28

English

Subject field(s)
  • Investment
  • Stock Exchange
CONT

When an individual feels the market has reached too high a point for further common stock investment, then a change to a more defensive position is warranted. To accomplish this change, long term bonds and/or preferred stocks are substituted for common stocks. This change will ensure that very little dollar value of the portfolio will be lost if a downturn in the stock market should occur.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Investissements et placements
  • Bourse
CONT

Lorsque l'on sent que le marché a atteint un niveau trop élevé pour faire de nouveaux placements en actions ordinaires, il est justifié de procéder à des opérations en vue de prendre une position plus défensive. Pour ce faire, on remplace les actions ordinaires par des obligations à long terme ou par des actions privilégiées. Ceci permet de réduire au maximum les pertes que l'on subirait sur le portefeuille s'il se produisait une baisse des cours.

Spanish

Save record 100

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