TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

... a soil/duff drought index [developed by Keetch and Byram (1968]) that ranges from 0 (no drought) to 800 (extreme drought) and is based on soil capacity of 8 inches of water. Factors in the index are maximum daily temperature, daily precipitation, antecedent precipitation, and annual precipitation.  4, record 1, English, - Keetch%2DByram%20drought%20index

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The Keetch Byram Drought Index(KBDI) provides a daily measure of soil dryness, which, in turn, gives an indication of water stress in plants. The KBDI represents the net effect of precipitation and evapotranspiration in producing cumulative moisture deficiency in deep duff or upper soil layers. The KBDI has a range from 0(no drought or soil moisture deficiency, i. e. soil at field capacity) to 2000(extreme drought, maximum soil moisture deficiency possible). The index can be viewed as the amount of rain needed to bring the soil back to saturation, with one mm of rain reducing the index by 10 points. The 0-2000 point scale is divided into three drought classes : 0-999=Low; 1000-1499=Moderate; 1500-2000=High. The KBDI is simple to calculate as it uses only two, daily weather observations-maximum temperature and 24-hour rainfall. The system functions in a book-keeping fashion where estimates of daily evapo-transpiration and measurements of precipitation increase or decrease the value of yesterdays index. The KBDI by itself is not a Fire Danger Rating System as it gives no indicate of the ease of ignition of the vegetation, or of the rate of fire spread, fire intensity and difficulty of control. It does however serve as a useful measure of drought occurrence.  7, record 1, English, - Keetch%2DByram%20drought%20index

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Keetch-Byram Drought Index (KBDI): ... 0 - 200: Soil moisture and large class fuel moistures are high and do not contribute much to fire intensity. Typical of spring dormant season following winter precipitation. 200 - 400: Typical of late spring, early growing season. Lower litter and duff layers are drying and beginning to contribute to fire intensity. 400 - 600: Typical of late summer, early fall. Lower litter and duff layers actively contribute to fire intensity and will burn actively. 600 - 800: Often associated with more severe drought with increased wildfire occurrence. Intense, deep burning fires with significant downwind spotting can be expected. Live fuels can also be expected to burn actively at these levels.  9, record 1, English, - Keetch%2DByram%20drought%20index

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 3 CONT

... the Palmer Drought Index (PDI) and the Keetch-Byram Drought Index (KBDI) ... were [both] developed by John Keetch and George Byram, and originally were developed as aids for agriculture. The ... KBDI is used extensively in the eastern states and also in some parts of the west.  10, record 1, English, - Keetch%2DByram%20drought%20index

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

In the metric system the value of the index is usually assumed to range from 0 to 200 mm (even though 800 points actually corresponds to 204 mm).  3, record 1, English, - Keetch%2DByram%20drought%20index

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Keetch-Byram Drought Index [is] a commonly-used drought index adapted for fire management applications ...  11, record 1, English, - Keetch%2DByram%20drought%20index

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 3 OBS

"Duff" is ... an important term in the fire weather program of the US Forest Service, used to describe the partially decayed organic matter on the forest floor which can become highly combustible during drought periods and contribute to the longevity and spread of forest fires. ... the Keetch-Byram Drought Index is sometimes referred to as the soil/duff drought index because it is a measure of how dry the soil and duff layers are.  6, record 1, English, - Keetch%2DByram%20drought%20index

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

On écrirait mieux «sècheresse».  2, record 1, French, - indice%20de%20s%C3%A9cheresse%20Keetch%2DByram

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 2 OBS

sècheresse : Cette graphie, puisée des Rectifications de l'orthographe recommandées par le Conseil supérieur de la langue française, est attestée dans le Petit Robert (2006).  3, record 1, French, - indice%20de%20s%C3%A9cheresse%20Keetch%2DByram

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The fire extinguishing equipment for an airliner such as the Douglas DC-10 incorporates three systems with six pressurized agent containers, two for each engine. The containers for the wing-mounted engines are located in pairs in the leading edge of the wing between the nacelle and the fuselage on each side of the aircraft.... The discharge cartridge is an electrically fired explosive unit that provides force to rupture the disk seal in the outlet port of the container and release the extinguishing agent to the deployment lines. One discharge cartridge is installed on each wing-mounted container and two are installed on the aft-engine container. The discharge cartridge contains two squibs(explosive charges) that are fired by an electric circuit that heats the powder to the ignition point. When the fire extinguisher control handle is pulled down, the electric circuit is closed and the squibs are fired. The force of the explosion ruptures the disk seal, thus releasing the extinguishing agent. A screen in the discharge head prevents particles of the disk from entering the deployment line.  2, record 2, English, - fire%20control%20handle

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

This system is specific to the McDonnell Douglas Corporation aircraft (DC-9, DC-10).  3, record 2, English, - fire%20control%20handle

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 OBS

fire control handle : term officially approved by the Aeronautical Terminology Standardization Committee (ATSC) - Helicopters.  4, record 2, English, - fire%20control%20handle

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

poignée coupe-feu : terme uniformisé par les Comités d'uniformisation de la terminologie aéronautique (CUTA) - Hélicoptères et Maintenance.  2, record 2, French, - poign%C3%A9e%20coupe%2Dfeu

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The period of time after ignition trials and before the operating set point is reached during which the main burner is firing.(In a flame safeguard programming control, the timer stops.)  1, record 3, English, - run%20period

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Phases de fonctionnement automatique d'un brûleur à fuel : Démarrage [...] Marche : le brûleur reste en fonctionnement aussi longtemps que le point de consigne du thermostat d'ambiance ou de la chaudière n'est pas atteint. Dérangement [...]  1, record 3, French, - marche

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish