TERMIUM Plus®
From: Translation Bureau
On social media
Consult the Government of Canada’s terminology data bank.
ILLEGAL PURPOSES [8 records]
Record 1 - internal organization data 2025-12-05
Record 1, English
Record 1, Subject field(s)
- Corporate Structure
- Taxation
Record 1, Main entry term, English
- shell company
1, record 1, English, shell%20company
correct, noun
Record 1, Abbreviations, English
Record 1, Synonyms, English
- shell corporation 2, record 1, English, shell%20corporation
correct, noun
Record 1, Textual support, English
Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF
An incorporated company with no independent operations, significant assets, ongoing business activities, or employees. 3, record 1, English, - shell%20company
Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT
A shell corporation ... may ... be used legitimately to raise funds, for hostile takeovers, to hold certain specific assets or IP [intellectual properties], etc. 4, record 1, English, - shell%20company
Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS
A shell company is sometimes used for illegal purposes like evading taxes. 5, record 1, English, - shell%20company
Record 1, French
Record 1, Domaine(s)
- Structures de l'entreprise
- Fiscalité
Record 1, Main entry term, French
- coquille vide
1, record 1, French, coquille%20vide
correct, feminine noun
Record 1, Abbreviations, French
Record 1, Synonyms, French
- société coquille 2, record 1, French, soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9%20coquille
correct, feminine noun
Record 1, Textual support, French
Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Société qui ne détient pas d'actifs réels, qui n'a pas de dettes et qui n'exerce aucune activité commerciale. 3, record 1, French, - coquille%20vide
Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS
Les sociétés coquilles sont parfois liées à des activités illégales telles que la fraude fiscale. 4, record 1, French, - coquille%20vide
Record 1, Spanish
Record 1, Textual support, Spanish
Record 2 - internal organization data 2024-12-06
Record 2, English
Record 2, Subject field(s)
- Mental Disorders
- Drugs and Drug Addiction
Record 2, Main entry term, English
- substance abuse
1, record 2, English, substance%20abuse
correct, see observation
Record 2, Abbreviations, English
Record 2, Synonyms, English
- psychoactive substance abuse 2, record 2, English, psychoactive%20substance%20abuse
correct, see observation
- psychotropic substance abuse 3, record 2, English, psychotropic%20substance%20abuse
correct, see observation
Record 2, Textual support, English
Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF
The use of illegal drugs or the use of prescription or over-the-counter drugs or alcohol for purposes other than those for which they are meant to be used, or in excessive amounts. 4, record 2, English, - substance%20abuse
Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS
Substance abuse may lead to social, physical, emotional, and job-related problems. 4, record 2, English, - substance%20abuse
Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 OBS
substance abuse; psychoactive substance abuse; psychotropic substance abuse: In the DSM-5 (fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders), the categories "substance abuse" and "substance dependence" have been replaced with the overarching category "substance use disorder." This change was made to avoid the confusion between "dependence" and "addiction" and the use of the word "abuse," which can be considered stigmatizing. 5, record 2, English, - substance%20abuse
Record 2, French
Record 2, Domaine(s)
- Troubles mentaux
- Drogues et toxicomanie
Record 2, Main entry term, French
- abus de substance psychoactive
1, record 2, French, abus%20de%20substance%20psychoactive
correct, see observation, masculine noun
Record 2, Abbreviations, French
Record 2, Synonyms, French
- abus de substance psychotrope 2, record 2, French, abus%20de%20substance%20psychotrope
correct, see observation, masculine noun
- abus de psychotrope 3, record 2, French, abus%20de%20psychotrope
correct, see observation, masculine noun
- abus de substance 4, record 2, French, abus%20de%20substance
see observation, masculine noun
Record 2, Textual support, French
Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS
abus de substance : La désignation «substance» n'a pas en français le sens de «substance psychoactive». Par contre, il est parfois indiqué de l'utiliser dans ce sens, notamment lorsqu'on fait référence à certaines classifications. 5, record 2, French, - abus%20de%20substance%20psychoactive
Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 OBS
abus de substance psychoactive; abus de substance psychotrope; abus de psychotrope; abus de substance : Dans le DSM-5 (cinquième édition du Manuel diagnostique et statistique des troubles mentaux), les catégories «abus de substance» et «dépendance à une substance» ont été remplacées par la catégorie générale «trouble de l'usage d'une substance». Ce changement visait à éviter la confusion entre «dépendance» et «addiction» ainsi que l'utilisation du mot «abus», qui peut être considéré comme stigmatisant. 5, record 2, French, - abus%20de%20substance%20psychoactive
Record 2, Key term(s)
- abus de substance psycho-active
Record 2, Spanish
Record 2, Campo(s) temático(s)
- Trastornos mentales
- Drogas y toxicomanía
Record 2, Main entry term, Spanish
- abuso de sustancias
1, record 2, Spanish, abuso%20de%20sustancias
correct, masculine noun
Record 2, Abbreviations, Spanish
Record 2, Synonyms, Spanish
- abuso de sustancias psicoactivas 2, record 2, Spanish, abuso%20de%20sustancias%20psicoactivas
correct, masculine noun
Record 2, Textual support, Spanish
Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT
En el DSM-IIIR1 [Manual diagnóstico y estadístico de los trastornos mentales], el "abuso de sustancias psicoactivas" se define como "un modelo desadaptativo de uso de una sustancia psicoactiva caracterizado por un consumo continuado, a pesar de que el sujeto sabe que tiene un problema social, laboral, psicológico o físico, persistente o recurrente, provocado o estimulado por el consumo o consumo recurrente en situaciones en las que es físicamente peligroso". 3, record 2, Spanish, - abuso%20de%20sustancias
Record 3 - internal organization data 2024-11-21
Record 3, English
Record 3, Subject field(s)
- Federal Government Bodies and Committees (Canadian)
- Pharmacology
- Drugs and Drug Addiction
- Hygiene and Health
Record 3, Main entry term, English
- Controlled Substances and Overdose Response Directorate
1, record 3, English, Controlled%20Substances%20and%20Overdose%20Response%20Directorate
correct
Record 3, Abbreviations, English
Record 3, Synonyms, English
Record 3, Textual support, English
Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS
The Controlled Substances and Overdose Response Directorate administers and monitors compliance with the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act and its regulations. This allows legitimate activities with controlled substances and precursors, while at the same time reducing the risk that such substances will be used for illegal purposes. The directorate also leads the federal Canadian Drugs and Substances Strategy, Canada's comprehensive and compassionate response to substance-related harms and the overdose crisis. 1, record 3, English, - Controlled%20Substances%20and%20Overdose%20Response%20Directorate
Record 3, French
Record 3, Domaine(s)
- Organismes et comités fédéraux (Gouvernement canadien)
- Pharmacologie
- Drogues et toxicomanie
- Hygiène et santé
Record 3, Main entry term, French
- Direction des substances contrôlées et de la réponse aux surdoses
1, record 3, French, Direction%20des%20substances%20contr%C3%B4l%C3%A9es%20et%20de%20la%20r%C3%A9ponse%20aux%20surdoses
correct, feminine noun
Record 3, Abbreviations, French
Record 3, Synonyms, French
Record 3, Textual support, French
Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS
La Direction des substances contrôlées et de la réponse aux surdoses administre et surveille la conformité à la Loi réglementant certaines drogues et autres substances et à ses règlements. Cela permet les activités légitimes avec des substances contrôlées et des précurseurs, tout en réduisant le risque que de telles substances soient utilisées à des fins illégales. La direction dirige également la Stratégie canadienne sur les drogues et autres substances du gouvernement fédéral, la réponse globale et empathique du Canada aux préjudices liés aux substances et à la crise des surdoses. 1, record 3, French, - Direction%20des%20substances%20contr%C3%B4l%C3%A9es%20et%20de%20la%20r%C3%A9ponse%20aux%20surdoses
Record 3, Spanish
Record 3, Textual support, Spanish
Record 4 - internal organization data 2022-02-07
Record 4, English
Record 4, Subject field(s)
- National Bodies and Committees (Canadian)
- Drugs and Drug Addiction
Record 4, Main entry term, English
- Canadian Association of People who Use Drugs
1, record 4, English, Canadian%20Association%20of%20People%20who%20Use%20Drugs
correct
Record 4, Abbreviations, English
- CAPUD 2, record 4, English, CAPUD
correct
Record 4, Synonyms, English
Record 4, Textual support, English
Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS
The Canadian Association of People who Use Drugs(CAPUD) is a national organization that is [composed] entirely of people who use(d) drugs, including [its] board and staff. One of [its] main purposes is to empower people who currently use drugs deemed illegal to survive and thrive, with their human rights respected and their voices heard. [CAPUD envisions] a world where drugs are regulated and the people who use them are not criminalized. 3, record 4, English, - Canadian%20Association%20of%20People%20who%20Use%20Drugs
Record 4, French
Record 4, Domaine(s)
- Organismes et comités nationaux canadiens
- Drogues et toxicomanie
Record 4, Main entry term, French
- Association canadienne des personnes qui utilisent des drogues
1, record 4, French, Association%20canadienne%20des%20personnes%20qui%20utilisent%20des%20drogues
correct, feminine noun
Record 4, Abbreviations, French
- ACPUD 2, record 4, French, ACPUD
correct, feminine noun
Record 4, Synonyms, French
Record 4, Textual support, French
Record 4, Spanish
Record 4, Textual support, Spanish
Record 5 - internal organization data 2017-10-05
Record 5, English
Record 5, Subject field(s)
- Titles of National Laws and Regulations (Non-Canadian)
- Citizenship and Immigration
Record 5, Main entry term, English
- Development, Relief, and Education for Alien Minors Act
1, record 5, English, Development%2C%20Relief%2C%20and%20Education%20for%20Alien%20Minors%20Act
correct, United States
Record 5, Abbreviations, English
Record 5, Synonyms, English
- DREAM Act 1, record 5, English, DREAM%20Act
correct, United States
Record 5, Textual support, English
Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS
A bill to amend the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996 to permit States to determine State residency for higher education purposes and to authorize the cancellation of removal and adjustment of status of certain alien college-bound students who are long-term United States residents. 2, record 5, English, - Development%2C%20Relief%2C%20and%20Education%20for%20Alien%20Minors%20Act
Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 OBS
This bill was first introduced in 2001 but was never adopted. The latest version was voted down in the United States Senate in December 2010. 3, record 5, English, - Development%2C%20Relief%2C%20and%20Education%20for%20Alien%20Minors%20Act
Record 5, French
Record 5, Domaine(s)
- Titres de lois et de règlements nationaux non canadiens
- Citoyenneté et immigration
Record 5, Main entry term, French
- Development, Relief, and Education for Alien Minors Act
1, record 5, French, Development%2C%20Relief%2C%20and%20Education%20for%20Alien%20Minors%20Act
correct, United States
Record 5, Abbreviations, French
Record 5, Synonyms, French
- DREAM Act 1, record 5, French, DREAM%20Act
correct, United States
- Loi sur le développement, secours et éducation pour les mineurs étrangers 2, record 5, French, Loi%20sur%20le%20d%C3%A9veloppement%2C%20secours%20et%20%C3%A9ducation%20pour%20les%20mineurs%20%C3%A9trangers
unofficial, feminine noun, United States
Record 5, Textual support, French
Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS
Projet de loi visant à modifier la Loi sur l'immigration des États-Unis de 1996 afin de permettre aux États d'octroyer le statut de résidant à des fins de formation postsecondaire et d'autoriser l'annulation de renvoi et la rectification de statut de certains étudiants étrangers qui ont résidé aux États-Unis pendant une longue période. 2, record 5, French, - Development%2C%20Relief%2C%20and%20Education%20for%20Alien%20Minors%20Act
Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 OBS
Ce projet de loi a été présenté en 2001 et n'a cependant jamais été adopté. La dernière version a été rejetée au Sénat des États-Unis en décembre 2010. 2, record 5, French, - Development%2C%20Relief%2C%20and%20Education%20for%20Alien%20Minors%20Act
Record 5, Spanish
Record 5, Campo(s) temático(s)
- Títulos de leyes y reglamentos nacionales no canadienses
- Ciudadanía e inmigración
Record 5, Main entry term, Spanish
- Development, Relief, and Education for Alien Minors Act
1, record 5, Spanish, Development%2C%20Relief%2C%20and%20Education%20for%20Alien%20Minors%20Act
correct, United States
Record 5, Abbreviations, Spanish
Record 5, Synonyms, Spanish
- DREAM Act 1, record 5, Spanish, DREAM%20Act
correct, United States
- Ley de Fomento para el Progreso, la Asistencia y la Educación para Menores Extranjeros 2, record 5, Spanish, Ley%20de%20Fomento%20para%20el%20Progreso%2C%20la%20Asistencia%20y%20la%20Educaci%C3%B3n%20para%20Menores%20Extranjeros
unofficial, feminine noun, United States
Record 5, Textual support, Spanish
Record 6 - internal organization data 2009-02-24
Record 6, English
Record 6, Subject field(s)
- Law of Contracts (common law)
- Law of Obligations (civil law)
Record 6, Main entry term, English
- clandestine contract
1, record 6, English, clandestine%20contract
correct
Record 6, Abbreviations, English
Record 6, Synonyms, English
Record 6, Textual support, English
Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT
... the plaintiff brought suit against the government for payment relating to espionage services rendered during the Civil War pursuant to a clandestine contract. The decision was grounded firmly in principles of contract law. 1, record 6, English, - clandestine%20contract
Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS
clandestine : secret or concealed, especially for illegal or unauthorized purposes. 2, record 6, English, - clandestine%20contract
Record 6, French
Record 6, Domaine(s)
- Droit des contrats (common law)
- Droit des obligations (droit civil)
Record 6, Main entry term, French
- contrat clandestin
1, record 6, French, contrat%20clandestin
correct, masculine noun
Record 6, Abbreviations, French
Record 6, Synonyms, French
- contrat dissimulé 1, record 6, French, contrat%20dissimul%C3%A9
correct, masculine noun
- contrat de prête-nom 1, record 6, French, contrat%20de%20pr%C3%AAte%2Dnom
correct, masculine noun
Record 6, Textual support, French
Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Le contrat clandestin (on dit aussi contrat dissimulé ou contrat de prête-nom) en droit civil est une forme particulière du contrat de mandat : le mandataire agira en son propre nom pour le compte du mandant sans révéler sa qualité de mandataire. 1, record 6, French, - contrat%20clandestin
Record 6, Spanish
Record 6, Textual support, Spanish
Record 7 - internal organization data 2002-03-13
Record 7, English
Record 7, Subject field(s)
- Radar, Radio Guidance and Goniometry
Record 7, Main entry term, English
- over-the-horizon
1, record 7, English, over%2Dthe%2Dhorizon
correct, NATO
Record 7, Abbreviations, English
- OTH 1, record 7, English, OTH
correct, NATO
Record 7, Synonyms, English
Record 7, Textual support, English
Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Over-the-horizon(OTH) radar systems were first developed during the Cold War as part of the early warning defense network. With the end of the Cold War, research into OTH radar continued, with a new focus : detection of illegal aircraft engaged in drug smuggling. Current research had its genesis in U. S. Air Force and Navy laboratories in the 1960s, as well as at Stanford University. At present, the United States, Russia, China, and Australia employ OTH radar for surveillance purposes. Much of the current effort is concentrated on the development of relocatable OTH radar(ROTHR), first demonstrated by the Navy in the early 1980s. 2, record 7, English, - over%2Dthe%2Dhorizon
Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS
over-the-horizon; OTH: term and abbreviation extracted from the "Disarmament and Peace Keeping" glossary with the permission of the United Nations Office at Geneva. 3, record 7, English, - over%2Dthe%2Dhorizon
Record 7, Key term(s)
- over the horizon
Record 7, French
Record 7, Domaine(s)
- Radar, radioguidage et radiogoniométrie
Record 7, Main entry term, French
- transhorizon
1, record 7, French, transhorizon
correct, masculine noun, NATO
Record 7, Abbreviations, French
- OTH 2, record 7, French, OTH
correct, masculine noun, NATO
Record 7, Synonyms, French
Record 7, Textual support, French
Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS
transhorizon : terme tiré du lexique «Désarmement et Maintien de la Paix» avec l'autorisation de l'Office des Nations Unies à Genève. 3, record 7, French, - transhorizon
Record 7, Spanish
Record 7, Textual support, Spanish
Record 8 - internal organization data 1994-05-19
Record 8, English
Record 8, Subject field(s)
- Penal Law
Record 8, Main entry term, English
- for illegal purposes
1, record 8, English, for%20illegal%20purposes
correct
Record 8, Abbreviations, English
Record 8, Synonyms, English
Record 8, French
Record 8, Domaine(s)
- Droit pénal
Record 8, Main entry term, French
- à des fins illicites
1, record 8, French, %C3%A0%20des%20fins%20illicites
correct
Record 8, Abbreviations, French
Record 8, Synonyms, French
Record 8, Textual support, French
Record 8, Spanish
Record 8, Textual support, Spanish
Copyright notice for the TERMIUM Plus® data bank
© Public Services and Procurement Canada, 2026
TERMIUM Plus®, the Government of Canada's terminology and linguistic data bank
A product of the Translation Bureau
Features
GCtranslate (available on the Government of Canada network only)
Use this artificial intelligence prototype to translate Government of Canada content up to and including Protected B. Available to employees of selected departments and agencies only.
Writing tools
The Language Portal’s writing tools have a new look! Easy to consult, they give you access to a wealth of information that will help you write better in English and French.
Glossaries and vocabularies
Access Translation Bureau glossaries and vocabularies.
- Date Modified:


