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ILLUSTRATED DICTIONARY [15 records]

Filter results by subject field Alphabetical list of terms

Filter results by subject field

Alphabetical list of terms

Record 1 2023-03-30

English

Subject field(s)
  • Diagnostic Procedures (Medicine)
  • Bacterial Diseases
DEF

The standard nontreponemal antigen serologic test for syphilis [that consists of] a slide flocculation test using heat-inactivated serum and VDRL antigen, a standardized mixture of cardiolipin, lecithin, and cholesterol.

CONT

Syphilitic infection leads to the production of nonspecific antibodies that react to cardiolipin. This reaction is the foundation of "non-treponemal" assays such as the VDRL (Venereal Disease Research Laboratory) test[, a] flocculation type [test that uses] an antigen-antibody interaction. The complexes remain suspended and therefore visible due to the lipid based antigens. With the VDRL a microscope is required ... The VDRL assay detects an antibody against cardiolipin, a cellular membrane component that is released by cells when they are damaged by T. [Treponema] pallidum or in some other medical conditions.

OBS

Although "VDRL" is widely used as synonym of "VDRL test," it is preferable to use the more precise terms to avoid any confusion.

OBS

VDRL test : This term appears under the entry "test" in the Dorland's illustrated medical dictionary.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Méthodes diagnostiques (Médecine)
  • Maladies bactériennes
CONT

Le diagnostic sérologique [de la syphilis] comprend un test de dépistage initial du sérum par des analyses non tréponémiques telles que le test VDRL (Venereal Disease Research Laboratory) [...]

CONT

VDRL -- Il repose sur l'agglutination passive des anticorps dirigés contre l'antigène cardiolipidique fixé sur un support inerte constitué de cristaux de cholestérol. La formation de complexes antigènes-anticorps provoque la formation de floculats visibles au microscope, à faible grossissement. Le VDRL est simple, rapide et peu coûteux.

OBS

Bien qu'on utilise souvent «VDRL» pour désigner la notion de «test VDRL», il est préférable d'utiliser «test VDRL» pour éviter toute confusion.

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Procedimientos diagnósticos (Medicina)
  • Enfermedades bacterianas
CONT

Prueba VDRL. En las personas seropositivas al VIH es importante la realización de este examen porque la presencia de otra ETS [enfermedades de transmisión sexual] puede activar al VIH, haciendo necesario dar de inmediato el tratamiento contra aquella.

OBS

VDRL por sus iniciales en inglés "Venereal Disease Research Laboratory".

Save record 1

Record 2 2023-03-30

English

Subject field(s)
  • Bacterial Diseases
  • Animal Diseases
DEF

A febrile disease typically characterized by a skin eruption, such as typhus, epidemic cerebral meningitis, and the infections caused by tick-borne rickettsiae ...

CONT

Rickettsiae comprise a group of microorganisms that phylogenetically occupy a position between bacteria and viruses. ... A general characteristic of rickettsiae is that mammals and arthropods are natural hosts. Rickettsioses usually are transmitted to humans by arthropods. ... Eighteen rickettsioses, caused by ... rickettsiae, are recognized ...

OBS

spotted fever: term also used to refer specifically to the "Rocky Mountain spotted fever" or to any tick-borne rickettsiosis. It is therefore preferable to use one of the other terms.

OBS

Plural form of rickettsiosis: rickettsioses.

OBS

spotted fever : This term appears under the entry "fever" in the Dorland's illustrated medical dictionary.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Maladies bactériennes
  • Maladies des animaux
DEF

Maladie infectieuse fébrile et généralement exanthématique [...] due à des rickettsies, et transmise par des arthropodes.

OBS

Les rickettsioses comprennent notamment les typhus, dont le typhus exanthématique, les fièvres boutonneuses transmises par les tiques, la fièvre des tranchées transmise par le pou et la fièvre Q.

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Enfermedades bacterianas
  • Enfermedades de los animales
DEF

Zoonosis causada por [las bacterias] rickettsias, afecta [...] a mamíferos e insectos vectores.

OBS

Las manifestaciones clínicas, tras un período de incubación que dura una media de 7 días, incluyen la tríada fiebre, cefalea y exantema, excepto en la fiebre Q en la que no aparece erupción alguna.

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Record 3 2023-03-30

English

Subject field(s)
  • Human Diseases
DEF

[An infection that is often] transmitted by sexual contact, which includes both heterosexual and homosexual behavior ...

OBS

In this context, sexual contact is more than just sexual intercourse (vaginal and anal) and also includes kissing, oral-genital contact, and the use of sexual "toys," such as vibrators.

OBS

The term "STI" is slowly replacing "STD" (sexually transmitted disease) in order to include [asymptomatic infections, such as HIV].

OBS

sexually transmitted disease, venereal disease : These terms appear under "disease" in the Dorland's illustrated medical dictionary.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Maladies humaines
DEF

Maladie infectieuse qui peut être contractée ou transmise lors des rapports [ou contacts] sexuels.

OBS

Les termes construits avec «infection» tendent à remplacer ceux construits avec «maladie», car ils tiennent compte davantage des infections asymptomatiques, telle l'infection à VIH.

OBS

Les termes construits avec «transmissible» sont à privilégier, car la caractéristique commune à toutes les ITS est qu'elles peuvent être transmises sexuellement. Dans les faits, la voie par laquelle l'infection a été transmise importe peu.

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Enfermedades humanas
DEF

Padecimiento patológico que se adquiere a través de las relaciones sexuales, entre otros: gonorrea, sífilis, chancros, herpes genital, candidiasis genital, molusco contagioso, uretritis inespecífica y desde luego, el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana causante del sida.

Key term(s)
  • enfermedad venérea
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Record 4 2023-03-30

English

Subject field(s)
  • Dentistry
  • The Mouth
DEF

[The] cleansing [of] the teeth in the dental office, including removal of plaque, materia alba, calculus, and stains from the exposed and unexposed surfaces of the teeth by scaling and polishing of the teeth, as a preventive measure for the control of local irritational factors.

OBS

dental prophylaxis, oral prophylaxis : These terms appear under "prophylaxis" in the Dorland's illustrated medical dictionary.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Dentisterie
  • Cavité buccale
CONT

Les concepts globaux de prophylaxie comprennent la détection précoce, le diagnostic, le détartrage professionnel, le curetage et le surfaçage des racines, le traitement médicamenteux ainsi qu'une hygiène bucco-dentaire personnelle. Ils contribuent au succès de l'obtention d'une excellente hygiène bucco-dentaire.

OBS

prophylaxie : Bien que ce terme soit utilisé, il est préférable d'utiliser le terme plus exact, «prophylaxie dentaire».

Spanish

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Record 5 2023-03-30

English

Subject field(s)
  • Immunology
DEF

[The] reaction of one antigen with antibodies developed against another antigen.

OBS

cross reaction : This term appears under "reaction" in the Dorland's illustrated medical dictionary and the International dictionary of medicine and biology.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Immunologie
DEF

Réaction d'un anticorps avec un antigène différent de celui ayant induit sa formation [...]

CONT

[...] on parle de réaction croisée lorsqu'un anticorps dirigé contre un antigène donné réagit également avec un antigène de structure voisine.

CONT

À cause des problèmes de réactions croisées qui rendent l'interprétation des résultats des tests sérologiques difficile, la sérologie ne devrait pas être utilisée comme test de détection en l'absence d'une culture ou d'un TAAN [test d'amplification des acides nucléiques].

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Inmunología
Save record 5

Record 6 2023-03-30

English

Subject field(s)
  • Diagnostic Procedures (Medicine)
  • Cancers and Oncology
  • The Genitals
DEF

A microscopic examination of cells exfoliated or scraped from a mucosal surface after staining with Papanicolaou’s stain [that is used, among other things, for early cervical cancer screening].

CONT

To perform a Papanicolaou (Pap) test, the doctor scrapes cells from the surface of the cervix with a small wooden applicator much like a tongue depressor. Then, a small bristle brush can be used to obtain a sample of cells from the canal of the cervix. [...] The cells removed [...] are placed on a glass slide, sprayed with a preservative, and sent to the laboratory, where they are examined under a microscope for signs of cervical cancer.

OBS

Used especially for detection of cancer of the uterine cervix.

OBS

Papanicolaou smear, Pap smear: Although these terms are sometimes used to refer to the "Pap test," it is preferable to use one of the more precise terms. The "Pap test" includes collecting the cells to produce the "Pap smear," fixing the smear and staining it with the Papanicolaou stain, and examining it under the microscope.

OBS

Pap test, Papanicolaou test, Pap smear test, Papanicolaou smear test, Papanicolaou smear, Pap smear : These terms appear under the entry "test" in the Dorland's illustrated medical dictionary.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Méthodes diagnostiques (Médecine)
  • Cancers et oncologie
  • Organes génitaux
DEF

Examen au microscope des cellules de desquamation prélevées sur le col de l'utérus et fixées en frottis sur lame [qui permet notamment] le dépistage précoce du cancer du col utérin.

CONT

Le test de Papanicolaou est un test cytologique dont l'objectif est de détecter des cellules cervicales anormales. La procédure consiste à prélever avec précaution des cellules du col de l'utérus, et à étaler et fixer ces cellules sur une lame de verre. Les lames sont ensuite envoyées à un laboratoire de cytologie et lues par un cytologiste ou un cytotechnicien diplômé qui détermine le type et le degré de gravité de l'anomalie [...]

OBS

frottis cervico-vaginal; frottis cervical; frottis de Papanicolaou : Bien que ces termes soient utilisés pour désigner la notion de «test de Papanicolaou», il est préférable d'utiliser un terme plus précis puisque le «test de Papanicolaou» comprend le prélèvement de l'échantillon, la préparation du frottis ainsi que son examen au microscope.

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Procedimientos diagnósticos (Medicina)
  • Tipos de cáncer y oncología
  • Órganos genitales
DEF

Tinción que se utiliza para el estudio de las células por medio de un frotis. Por ejemplo, el examen microscópico de las células del cervix uterino, que se realiza para detectar cambios que puedan ser precursores de cáncer en la mujer.

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Record 7 2012-10-17

English

Subject field(s)
  • Hair Styling
OBS

club cutting: Cutting the hair straight off without thinning, slithering or tapering; a technique used to cut bangs and to cut ends the same length.

OBS

According to the source "An Illustrated Dictionary of Hairdressing & Wigmaking, J. Stevens Cox, 1984, p. 30, "the term "blunt cut" is an American term.

OBS

0° [to] 30°.

OBS

blunt cut; club cut: terms officially approved by the Lexicon Project Committee (New Brunswick).

French

Domaine(s)
  • Coiffure
CONT

Nous donnons les noms de : coupe enveloppante : pour une coupe très peu dégradée où les longueurs du sommet sont très grandes (recouvrement) et enveloppent les cheveux plus courts des guiches et de la nuque.

OBS

0° À 30°.

OBS

coupe enveloppante : terme uniformisé par le Comité du projet de lexiques (Nouveau-Brunswick).

Spanish

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Record 8 2001-10-04

English

Subject field(s)
  • Soil Tests (Construction)
  • Soil Mechanics (Engineering)
  • Soil Science
DEF

The collection of basic facts about, and the testing of, surface and subsurface materials (including their physical properties, distribution, and geologic structure) at a site, for the purpose of preparing suitable designs for an engineering structure or other use.

CONT

Site investigations. The objective of most geotechnical investigations is to obtain information on the site and subsurface conditions that is required for design and construction of engineered facilities and for evaluation and mitigation of geologic hazards, such as landslides, subsidence, and liquefaction. The site investigation is part of a fully integrated process that includes: 1. Synthesis of available data 2. Field and laboratory investigations 3. Characterization of site stratigraphy and soil properties 4. Engineering analyses 5. Formulation of design and construction criteria or engineering evaluations.

OBS

Site investigation : as per MABUI 1982("Illustrated Dictionary of Building", by Paul Marsh), may not always include a subsoil investigation.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Essais du sol (Construction)
  • Mécanique des sols
  • Science du sol
DEF

Ensemble des investigations et essais, sur le site et au laboratoire, permettant l'obtention des données relatives aux propriétés physiques, mécaniques et hydrauliques du sol, nécessaires à l'étude d'un ouvrage.

CONT

La reconnaissance. Cette opération est faite en deux temps : la reconnaissance de la surface du terrain sur laquelle doit être édifiée la construction, et la reconnaissance du sol en profondeur.

Spanish

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Record 9 2001-07-31

English

Subject field(s)
  • Prosthetic Dentistry
CONT

Dental Impression Technique... Impressions [are] filled with plaster of Paris or artificial stone to produce a facsimile of the oral structures present....(Illustrated Dictionary of Dentistry, 1982)

Key term(s)
  • laboratory stone

French

Domaine(s)
  • Dentisterie prothétique
CONT

L'analyse occlusale nécessite [...] le recours à des modèles fractionnés qui permettent, par démontage, de soustraire une dent ou un secteur denté, à l'intercuspidation maximale. En général, c'est le modèle mandibulaire qui est fractionné. À partir d'une empreinte de bonne qualité, on coule en plâtre pierre les dents et le procès alvéolaire, sur 5 à 10 mm de haut. [...]

Key term(s)
  • plâtre-pierre

Spanish

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Record 10 2001-01-18

English

Subject field(s)
  • Biochemistry
DEF

Denoting an effect of chemical agent that interferes with or interrupts the action of parasympathetic nerves.(Churchill' s Illustrated Medical Dictionary. Churchill-Livingstone Pub., New York, 1989, p. 1380)

French

Domaine(s)
  • Biochimie
DEF

Se dit d'une substance qui s'oppose à l'action du système nerveux parasympathique.

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Bioquímica
Save record 10

Record 11 1999-01-18

English

Subject field(s)
  • Titles of Monographs
  • Aeroindustry
  • Air Transport

French

Domaine(s)
  • Titres de monographies
  • Constructions aéronautiques
  • Transport aérien
OBS

Par Pierre Boi, Paris, La Maison du dictionnaire, 1997.

Spanish

Save record 11

Record 12 1998-10-23

English

Subject field(s)
  • Manias
  • Human Behaviour
DEF

Intense fascination with hair.

OBS

Not to be confused with "trichotillomania"(morbid impulse to pull out one's own hair), even though several reference works, such as the International Dictionary of Medicine & Biology, the Dorlands Illustrated Medical Dictionary & the Butterworth's Medical Dictionary would have us consider "trichomania" and "trichotillomania" as synonyms. After further investigation, a distinction between the two is clearly warranted.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Manies
  • Comportement humain
DEF

Tic consistant à se passer la main dans les cheveux ou la barbe.

OBS

À ne pas confondre avec «trichotillomanie», geste qui consiste à s'arracher les cheveux et les poils.

Spanish

Save record 12

Record 13 1990-11-05

English

Subject field(s)
  • Painting (Arts)
  • Sculpture
DEF

art which represents its subject in an immediately recognizable manner.

OBS

Source for "representational art" and "representationalism" : Reynolds, Kimberley and Richard Seddan. Illustrated Dictionary of Art Terms. London : Ebury Press, 1981, p. 144.

OBS

Although "figurative art" is often used interchangeably with "representational art", it is a relative term and may refer to art that merely contains some degree of representational form or recognizable images.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Peinture (Arts)
  • Sculpture
DEF

Art (...) exprimant le réel, restant fidèle aux formes et aux couleurs d'une réalité immédiatement identifiable.

Spanish

Save record 13

Record 14 1986-11-13

English

Subject field(s)
  • Lexicology, Lexicography, Terminology
DEF

A dictionary containing illustrations.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Lexicologie, lexicographie et terminologie
DEF

Dictionnaire, unilingue ou multilingue, dont les rubriques comportent des illustrations.

OBS

dictionnaire visuel : L'Actualité, août 1986, p. 68.

Spanish

Save record 14

Record 15 1985-09-17

English

Subject field(s)
  • Chemical Elements and Compounds
  • Food Additives
DEF

Generic name for anhydrides (cyclic ether tetrahydric alcohols) derivable from sorbitol by removal of one molecule of water.

OBS

According to the Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary(DOMED, 1981, p. 1223), the fatty acids of sorbitan are surfactants.

Key term(s)
  • 1,4-sorbitan

French

Domaine(s)
  • Éléments et composés chimiques
  • Additifs alimentaires
DEF

Anhydro-1,4 d-sorbitol (...)

Spanish

Save record 15

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