TERMIUM Plus^®

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The major histocompatibility complex(MHC) is a cluster of functionally related genes encoding proteins which, among other functions, mediate immune system activation.  3, record 1, English, - major%20histocompatibility%20complex

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

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Région du génome des vertébrés regroupant l'information génétique qui code des protéines présentes sur la face externe de la membrane plasmique, responsables de la reconnaissance du soi et permettant la réponse immunitaire.  3, record 1, French, - complexe%20majeur%20d%27histocompatibilit%C3%A9

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complexe majeur d'histocompatibilité; CMH : désignations et définition publiées au Journal officiel de la République française le 9 avril 2022.  4, record 1, French, - complexe%20majeur%20d%27histocompatibilit%C3%A9

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

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Conjunto de genes que controlan aspectos de la respuesta inmune, produciendo antígenos histocompatibles, que están presentes en todas las células del cuerpo como marcadores para identificarlas como propias.  1, record 1, Spanish, - complejo%20mayor%20de%20histocompatibilidad

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

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The researchers who studied the German and Austrian patients ... had initially called the syndrome vaccine-induced prothrombotic immune thrombocytopenia; [two teams of researchers] now suggest a slightly simpler name: vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT).  4, record 2, English, - vaccine%2Dinduced%20immune%20thrombotic%20thrombocytopenia

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... the patients had unusual antibodies that trigger clotting reactions, which use up the body's platelets and can block blood vessels, leading to potentially deadly strokes or embolisms. The symptoms resemble a rare reaction to the drug heparin, called heparin-induced thrombocytopenia(HIT), in which the immune system makes antibodies to a complex of heparin and a protein called platelet factor 4(PF4), triggering platelets to form dangerous clots throughout the body.  4, record 2, English, - vaccine%2Dinduced%20immune%20thrombotic%20thrombocytopenia

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

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La trombocitopenia trombótica inmunitaria inducida por vacunas (VITT, por sus siglas en inglés) se define como un síndrome clínico caracterizado por todas las anomalías de laboratorio y radiológicas descritas a continuación que ocurren en individuos de 4 a 30 días después de la vacunación con Ad26.COV2 (Johnson & Johnson) o ChAdOx1 nCoV-19(Oxford-A. Zeneca).  1, record 2, Spanish, - trombocitopenia%20inmune%20tromb%C3%B3tica%20inducida%20por%20vacuna

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

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A polymicrobial infection is a complex situation that involves two or more microorganisms and a host. This system is influenced by microbial population dynamics; interspecies microbial interactions that result in competition, cooperation, or neutrality; and interactions with the host immune system, including immune modulation or manipulation.  2, record 3, English, - polymicrobial%20infection

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

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Les infections polymicrobiennes impliquent plusieurs microorganismes et un hôte avec de multiples interactions possibles. Ces interactions multiformes ont un impact sur le devenir des patients, qui peut aller de la synergie à l'antagonisme voire à la prévention de l'infection. Les infections polymicrobiennes sont fréquemment associées à des pathogènes opportunistes dont les capacités d'invasion ne peuvent être prédites à partir du contenu génomique et pour lesquels l'environnement et la condition polymicrobienne modulent la pathogénicité. Les résultats de ces interactions dépendent des propriétés des espèces impliquées et peuvent être particulièrement délétères.  2, record 3, French, - infection%20polymicrobienne

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Record 4,  Textual support,  English

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Inspired by the human immune system, an artificial immune system(AIS) is built to solve some complex computational problems...  2, record 4, English, - artificial%20immune%20system

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Les systèmes immunitaires artificiels (SIA) sont des systèmes adaptatifs [qui s'inspirent du] système immunitaire biologique pour la résolution de problèmes.  2, record 4, French, - syst%C3%A8me%20immunitaire%20artificiel

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Record 5,  Textual support,  English

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Adrenaline increases your heart rate, elevates your blood pressure and boosts energy supplies. Cortisol, the primary stress hormone, increases sugars(glucose) in the bloodstream, enhances your brain's use of glucose and increases the availability of substances that repair tissues. Cortisol also curbs functions that would be nonessential or detrimental in a fight-or-flight situation. It alters immune system responses and suppresses the digestive system, the reproductive system and growth processes. This complex natural alarm system also communicates with regions of your brain that control mood, motivation and fear.  1, record 5, English, - stress%20hormone

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

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La manifestation d’un stress est toujours le résultat d’une réaction hormonale en chaîne. Car en fait, pas moins de 5 hormones entrent en jeu : l'ACTH (ou hormone corticotrope); le cortisol; l'adrénaline; l'ocytocine; la vasopressine.  2, record 5, French, - hormone%20de%20stress

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Record 6,  Textual support,  English

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A field combining neuroscience, the study of the nervous system, and immunology, the study of the immune system.  3, record 6, English, - neuroimmunology

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Neuroimmunologists seek to better understand the interactions of these two complex systems during development, homeostasis, and response to injuries. A long-term goal of this rapidly developing research area is to further develop our understanding of the pathology of certain neurological diseases, some of which have no clear etiology... Many types of interactions involve both the nervous and immune systems including but not limited to the physiological functioning of the two systems in both health and disease, malfunction of either and or both systems that leads to disorders, and the physical, chemical, and environmental stressors that affect the two systems on a daily basis.  3, record 6, English, - neuroimmunology

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

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Étude des interactions entre le système immunitaire et le système nerveux.  3, record 6, French, - neuroimmunologie

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[La neuroimmunologie] étudie notamment le fonctionnement physiologique du système immunitaire chez des sujets en bonne santé ou malades, les défaillances du système immunitaire dans le cas des maladies (maladie auto-immune, hypersensibilité, immunodépression) et les caractéristiques physiques, chimiques et physiologiques des composants du système immunitaire in vitro, in situ et in vivo.  3, record 6, French, - neuroimmunologie

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Record 7,  Textual support,  English

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This is the part of the MHC(major histocompatibility complex) molecule which binds to the antigen. It determines the orientation of the antigen and so which part will be presented to the T cell(derivation : determinant selection). Allotypically different class 2 molecules with different desetopes would vary in the way they associate with antigen and thus in how they stimulate T cells. In this way they could determine immune response(Ir genes).  2, record 7, English, - desetope

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

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Partie de la molécule du CMH associée à l'antigène ou à l'antigène digéré.  2, record 7, French, - d%C3%A9s%C3%A9tope

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Déterminant de l'histotope.  3, record 7, French, - d%C3%A9s%C3%A9tope

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Record 8,  Textual support,  English

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A cell surface molecules on cell of the immune system that specifically binds surface molecules or messenger molecules and trigger changes in the behavior of cells.  1, record 8, English, - immunological%20receptor

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Cells of the immune system expres s a wide variety of receptors, defined as immunoreceptors. These receptors are involved in antigen recognition, B and T lymphocytes express clonally distributed receptors which recognize soluble antigen for the B cell receptor(BcR) or peptide associated to major histocompatibility complex(MHC) molecules for the T cell receptor(TcR).  3, record 8, English, - immunological%20receptor

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Although these receptors were first identified in the immune system, many have important functions elsewhere.  1, record 8, English, - immunological%20receptor

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Récepteur spécifique exprimé par les cellules immunocompétentes.  3, record 8, French, - r%C3%A9cepteur%20immunologique

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Signalisation et transport cellulaire des immunorécepteurs. Des récepteurs spécifiques exprimés par les cellules immunocompétentes reconnaissent les antigènes: l'immunoglobuline membranaire exprimée par les lymphocytes B (BcR) les reconnaît sous forme soluble; le récepteur de l'antigène des lymphocytes T (TcR) reconnaît le complexe peptide antigénique-CMH exprimé à la surface des cellules présentatrices.  2, record 8, French, - r%C3%A9cepteur%20immunologique

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Record 9,  Textual support,  English

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A glycoprotein from HIV’s envelope that binds to the CD4 molecules on cells’ outside membrane.  2, record 9, English, - glycoprotein%20120

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gp160, code for a glycoprotein that provides an outer coat for the HIV (human immunodeficiency virus). The outer coat, in turn, is composed of gp120, which protrudes from the virus surface, and gp41, which is embedded in the envelope coat.  2, record 9, English, - glycoprotein%20120

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Free gp120 in the body may be toxic to cells on its own, causing CD4 cell depletion in the immune system through apoptosis and neurological damage leading to AIDS dementia complex.  2, record 9, English, - glycoprotein%20120

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

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Le VIH est constitué d'un noyau central contenant le génome viral et des enzymes dont la principale est la transcriptase inverse; ce noyau est entouré d'une membrane lipidique externe exhibant plusieurs projections [spikes] contenant un antigène, la glycoprotéine 120, qui favorise l'adhésion du virus à la surface de la cellule exprimant le récepteur CD4.  3, record 9, French, - glycoprot%C3%A9ine%20120

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

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Glucoproteína que se encuentra en las espículas del VIH [virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana] que le sirven para adherirse al receptor CD4 de la célula T4.  1, record 9, Spanish, - glucoprote%C3%ADna%20120

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La gp-120 circula libremente en el organismo y como partícula independiente puede por sí misma ser tóxica para las células, causando la depleción del sistema inmune a través de la apoptosis y el daño neurológico que puede conducir al complejo de demencia por sida.  1, record 9, Spanish, - glucoprote%C3%ADna%20120

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

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Vitamin B6 is a water-soluble vitamin and is part of the vitamin B complex. Vitamin B6 plays a role in the synthesis of antibodies by the immune system, which are needed to fight many diseases. It helps maintain normal nerve function and also acts in the formation of red blood cells. Vitamin B6 is also required for the chemical reactions needed to digest proteins. The higher the protein intake, the more the need for vitamin B6.  2, record 10, English, - vitamin%20B6

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There are six forms of vitamin B6: pyridoxal (PL), pyridoxine (PN), pyridoxamine (PM), and their phosphate derivatives: pyridoxal 5’-phosphate (PLP), pyridoxine 5’-phosphate (PNP), and pyridoxamine 5’-phosphate (PMP).  3, record 10, English, - vitamin%20B6

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Often called "pyridoxine" (q.v.), which in fact designates the pharmaceutical form of this vitamin.  4, record 10, English, - vitamin%20B6

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Chemical formula: C₈H₁₀NO₅^-2_-2  4, record 10, English, - vitamin%20B6

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

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La vitamine B6 est très répandue dans l'alimentation : viandes, lait, céréales, etc. Elle joue un rôle essentiel dans le métabolisme des acides aminés sous forme de phosphate de pyridoxal; elle agit comme coenzyme de toute une série d'enzymes catalysant la transamination, la décarboxylation, la désamination, la désulfuration, la dégradation à la synthèse des acides aminés.  2, record 10, French, - vitamine%20B6

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Le terme vitamine B6 désigne 6 composés : le pyridoxal (PL), la pyridoxine (PN), la pyridoxamine (PM) et leurs dérivés phosphorylés, le pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP), la pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate (PMP), la pyridoxine 5'-phosphate (PNP).  3, record 10, French, - vitamine%20B6

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Sa forme pharmaceutique est appelée «pyridoxine» (voir aussi cette fiche).  4, record 10, French, - vitamine%20B6

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Formule chimique : C₈H₁₀NO₅^-2_-2  4, record 10, French, - vitamine%20B6

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

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La Vitamina B6 es una vitamina hidrosoluble que se presenta en seis formas diferentes: piridoxal (PL), piridoxina (PN), piridoxamina (PM) y sus correspondientes ésteres fosfóricos, 5'fosfato de piridoxal (PLP), 5'fosfato de piridoxina (PNP) y 5'fosfato de piridoxamina (PMP).  2, record 10, Spanish, - vitamina%20B6

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Fórmula química: C₈H₁₀NO_5-2-2  3, record 10, Spanish, - vitamina%20B6

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

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A complex made of an antigen combined with a specific antibody, to which a complement may also be fixed.  4, record 11, English, - immune%20complex

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Complexe formé d'anticorps fixés par leurs sites de reconnaissance spécifique, sur un antigène.  1, record 11, French, - complexe%20immun

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Cet antigène peut être soluble, et le complexe sera alors dit «circulant», ou fixe et le complexe sera alors dit «in situ».  1, record 11, French, - complexe%20immun

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Combinación de un anticuerpo con el antígeno correspondiente.  1, record 11, Spanish, - complejo%20inmune

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A condition in which there is less than normal activity of complement or any of the complement components of blood. The condition may be hereditary or acquired. Various immune complex diseases result in acquired deficiency of complement components.  1, record 12, English, - hypocomplementemia

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

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Exploration du système complémentaire [...] Une hypocomplémentémie peut survenir dans de très nombreuses situations. Les déficits génétiques du complément sont caractérisés par un taux nul de CH50. L'immunodiffusion radiale permet de préciser le composant déficitaire. L'enquête génétique découvre des parents hétérozygotes pour le gène déficitaire.  1, record 12, French, - hypocompl%C3%A9ment%C3%A9mie

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Record 13,  Textual support,  English

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Complement deficiency and immune complex disease. Immune complex diseases closely resembling systemic lupus erythematosus are predominantly associated with deficiencies of classical pathway components.  1, record 13, English, - complement%20deficiency

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Deficiency of a component of the complement system can lead to frequent infection and, interestingly, autoimmune disease. C1Q, C1R, C1S, C2, C4 and C5 deficiencies have been described with susceptibility for infection and autoimmune disease.  2, record 13, English, - complement%20deficiency

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

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Déficit en complément. [...] Quand il existe un déficit en C2, l'incidence du lupus érythémateux disséminé est plus forte.  1, record 13, French, - d%C3%A9ficit%20en%20compl%C3%A9ment

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Des cas de déficits ont été observés pour tous les composants du complément (hormis pour le D et le C4bp). Les plus importants sont les déficits en composants de la voie classique du fait de leur association à des manifestations auto-immunes [...] et le déficit en CI-inh responsable de l'oedème angioneurotique, maladie grave et curable.  2, record 13, French, - d%C3%A9ficit%20en%20compl%C3%A9ment

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Record 14,  Textual support,  English

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Disease caused by the formation of immune complexes in tissues or by the deposition of circulating immune-complexes in tissues resulting in acute or chronic inflammation.  1, record 14, English, - immune%2Dcomplex%20disease

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Deposition of circulating immune complexes is generally associated with glomerulonephritis, vasculitis, synovitis, endocarditis, neuritis, and dermatitis. Locally formed complexes are involved in the pathogenesis of some autoimmune diseases. Circulating complexes may result from administration of heterologous antigens (as in serum sickness) ....  1, record 14, English, - immune%2Dcomplex%20disease

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

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Le choc allergique [...] Classification de Gell et Coombs : classification des accidents allergiques en 4 classes. [...] Type III: Maladie des complexes immuns avec dépôt de complexes Ig-Ag dans les organes (reins, poumons).  1, record 14, French, - maladie%20des%20complexes%20immuns

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Record 15,  Textual support,  English

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(Gell and Coombs classification) : Type 3 reactions are initiated by antigen-antibody complexes formed either at the site of tissue damage(Arthus reactions) or localizing from the circulation(soluble immune complex reactions).  1, record 15, English, - type%20III%20hypersensitivity%20reaction

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

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Réaction d'immunité humorale. La combinaison antigène-anticorps susceptible de fixer le complément forme des immuncomplexes qui se déposent dans les parois vasculaires où ils provoquent une inflammation (phénomène d'Arthus). Les anticorps sont des IgG ou des IgM de type précipitant; les manifestations pathologiques apparaissent après quelques heures et la réaction est dite semi-retardée. En clinique, les alvéolites allergiques, la maladie sérique, certaines urticaires et glomérulonéphrites, le lupus érythémateux sont causés par réaction de type III.  1, record 15, French, - r%C3%A9action%20immunitaire%20de%20type%20III

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Record 16,  Textual support,  English

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A qualitative technique to demonstrate the presence of an antigen and an antibody by allowing reactants to diffuse toward one another from wells in immunologically inert agar. A precipitin line forms where the antigen concentrations are optimal for immune complex deposition. The location, shape, and intensity of the line depend on the relative concentrations of the reactants and the geometrical relationship of the wells.  1, record 16, English, - double%20immunodiffusion

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double diffusion test: International Dictionary of Medicine and Biology, op. cit., p. 2877)  2, record 16, English, - double%20immunodiffusion

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

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Technique d'immunodiffusion double où antigène ou anticorps migrent à partir d'un puits creusé dans un gel collé sur une larme de verre; la migration se fait à partir des puits de façon radiale. Un arc de précipitation est visible lorsque antigène et anticorps sont en présence dans un rapport de concentration optimale.  1, record 16, French, - immunodiffusion%20d%27Ouchterlony

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Immunodiffusion sur plaques (technique d'Ouchterlony). L'adaptation sur plaque de verre de la technique d'immunodiffusion en tubes a représenté un progrès technique important. (...) l'immuno-d'antigènes ou d'anticorps (...)  2, record 16, French, - immunodiffusion%20d%27Ouchterlony

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Record 17,  Textual support,  English

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The removal of antibody from an immune serum by treatment with particulate antigen(usually bacteria) homologous to that antibody, followed by centrifugation and separation of the antigen-antibody complex.  1, record 17, English, - agglutinine%20absorption

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

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Des antisérums peuvent être rendus spécifiques d'un déterminant antigénique par absorption. Les absorptions peuvent être réalisées par simple incubation avec des cellules, des bactéries ou des antigènes éventuellement insolubilisés par polymérisation en présence de glutaraldéhyde ou fixation sur un support solide (immuno-absorbants).  1, record 17, French, - absorption

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Record 18,  Textual support,  English

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discipline which studies the mind’s influence on the body’s immune system.  1, record 18, English, - psychoimmunology

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But imply that the emotions play an important role in people's ability to resist or recover from diseases such as cancer-or even the common cold-and things get controversial. Just a decade ago, all but a handful of researchers rejected the idea completely. Now a group of scientists in a new discipline known as psychoimmunology are collecting intriguing evidence that the mind does directly influence the body's disease-fighting immune system. Recent studies are gaining converts, even though the discipline remains an uneasy alliance of psychologists and biologists. "The field is new, complex, and sticky", says Barry Flint, director of the Institute for the Advanced of Health, a New York group that promotes psychoimmunology research.(Source : Vocable/Business Week, 3 Feb. 1986).  1, record 18, English, - psychoimmunology

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Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish