TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

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Immunology is the science that investigates how organisms defend themselves against infection, harmful substances, and foreign tissue. In order for an organism to defend itself against such threats, however, its immune system presumably must be able to discriminate self from nonself. If the immune system could not make such a discrimination, it might harm the organism it is to defend, rather than the microbes infecting it. Self-nonself discrimination thus appears to be a crucial function of the immune system.  4, record 1, English, - self%2Dnonself%20discrimination

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

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Propriété fondamentale du système immunitaire des vertébrés qui permet à chaque organisme de distinguer ce qui lui est propre de ce qui lui est étranger.  1, record 1, French, - reconnaissance%20du%20soi

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Certains dysfonctionnements de la reconnaissance du soi aboutissent à des maladies auto-immunes.  1, record 1, French, - reconnaissance%20du%20soi

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reconnaissance du soi : désignation et définition publiées au Journal officiel de la République française le 27 juillet 2023.  2, record 1, French, - reconnaissance%20du%20soi

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

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As blood flows through the central arteries [of the spleen], it reaches the marginal zone, a region between the white pulp and red pulp. The marginal zone contains macrophages and other immune cells that capture and process antigens, contributing to the spleen's immunologic function.  3, record 2, English, - marginal%20zone

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

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La zone marginale est un compartiment anatomique distinct [...]  2, record 2, French, - zone%20marginale

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Record 3,  Textual support,  English

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Individuals may be immunocompromised as a result of a congenital condition, an illness or medications that suppress immune function. In general, immunocompromised persons are more susceptible to vaccine-preventable infections and may have severe infections.  1, record 3, English, - immunocompromised%20person

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

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[Personne] dont le système immunitaire est affaibli.  2, record 3, French, - personne%20immunod%C3%A9prim%C3%A9e

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Record 4,  Textual support,  English

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A specialist who studies immunity, the branch of science concerned with the structure and function of the immune system.  2, record 4, English, - immunologist

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

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[Spécialiste] qui étudie les réactions immunitaires de l'organisme et en tire des applications d'ordre prophylactique et thérapeutique.  3, record 4, French, - immunologiste

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

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[Especialista en el] estudio de todos los aspectos del sistema inmune [del] organismo.  2, record 4, Spanish, - inmun%C3%B3logo

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

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Paraneoplastic syndromes... occur when a cancer causes unusual symptoms due to substances that circulate in the bloodstream. These substances may be hormones produced by the tumor or antibodies produced by the immune system. They can affect the function of various tissues and organs and cause symptoms at sites distant from the tumor.  1, record 5, English, - paraneoplastic%20syndrome

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

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Les syndromes paranéoplasiques […] surviennent lorsqu'un cancer entraîne des symptômes inhabituels liés à la production de substances circulantes. Ces substances peuvent être des hormones produites par la tumeur ou des anticorps fabriqués par le système immunitaire. Elles peuvent perturber le fonctionnement de différents tissus et organes, et induire des symptômes dans des régions éloignées de la tumeur.  1, record 5, French, - syndrome%20paran%C3%A9oplasique

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

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El síndrome paraneoplástico es una condición que ocasiona un efecto en otro sistema y específicamente, esto es por anticuerpos que son producidos por esta enfermedad de la leucemia que ataca el sistema neurológico periferal.  1, record 5, Spanish, - s%C3%ADndrome%20paraneopl%C3%A1stico

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

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[A] nutrition claim that describes the physiological role of the nutrient in growth, development and normal functions of the body.  1, record 6, English, - nutrient%20function%20claim

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Examples of nutrient function claims : vitamin A helps maintain good vision, normal growth and healthy immune system; calcium is essential for building strong bones and teeth.  1, record 6, English, - nutrient%20function%20claim

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

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Allégation nutritionnelle qui décrit le rôle physiologique de l'élément nutritif dans la croissance, le développement et les fonctions normales de l'organisme.  1, record 6, French, - all%C3%A9gation%20nutritionnelle%20fonctionnelle

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Record 7,  Textual support,  English

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Thus, a benchmark ecosystem is diagnosed with a gradient measure of multiple ecological indicators, or health tests, in order to derive prognostics-projections, what-if-scenarios, and ecological forecasts-to recover ecosystem structure and function and create ecosystems with healthy, resilient immune systems.  2, record 7, English, - benchmark%20ecosystem

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

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In vivo..., tumors seem to have evolved multiple means to evade... immune effector cells, a paradigm known as "immunologic escape. "Tumors can engineer such immune escape via a wide range of mechanisms, and the ability to interfere with numbers of antitumor immune cells and/or to subvert their function is considered to be a principal reason underlying the failure of the host to ultimately control tumor progression.  2, record 8, English, - antitumor%20immune%20cell

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

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Le manque d'oxygène dans une tumeur incite parfois des cellules malignes et même normales à sécréter des protéines qui suppriment l'activité des cellules immunitaires antitumorales.  2, record 8, French, - cellule%20immunitaire%20antitumorale

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

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Vitamin B6 is a water-soluble vitamin and is part of the vitamin B complex. Vitamin B6 plays a role in the synthesis of antibodies by the immune system, which are needed to fight many diseases. It helps maintain normal nerve function and also acts in the formation of red blood cells. Vitamin B6 is also required for the chemical reactions needed to digest proteins. The higher the protein intake, the more the need for vitamin B6.  2, record 9, English, - vitamin%20B6

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There are six forms of vitamin B6: pyridoxal (PL), pyridoxine (PN), pyridoxamine (PM), and their phosphate derivatives: pyridoxal 5’-phosphate (PLP), pyridoxine 5’-phosphate (PNP), and pyridoxamine 5’-phosphate (PMP).  3, record 9, English, - vitamin%20B6

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Often called "pyridoxine" (q.v.), which in fact designates the pharmaceutical form of this vitamin.  4, record 9, English, - vitamin%20B6

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Chemical formula: C₈H₁₀NO₅^-2_-2  4, record 9, English, - vitamin%20B6

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

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La vitamine B6 est très répandue dans l'alimentation : viandes, lait, céréales, etc. Elle joue un rôle essentiel dans le métabolisme des acides aminés sous forme de phosphate de pyridoxal; elle agit comme coenzyme de toute une série d'enzymes catalysant la transamination, la décarboxylation, la désamination, la désulfuration, la dégradation à la synthèse des acides aminés.  2, record 9, French, - vitamine%20B6

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Le terme vitamine B6 désigne 6 composés : le pyridoxal (PL), la pyridoxine (PN), la pyridoxamine (PM) et leurs dérivés phosphorylés, le pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP), la pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate (PMP), la pyridoxine 5'-phosphate (PNP).  3, record 9, French, - vitamine%20B6

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Sa forme pharmaceutique est appelée «pyridoxine» (voir aussi cette fiche).  4, record 9, French, - vitamine%20B6

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Formule chimique : C₈H₁₀NO₅^-2_-2  4, record 9, French, - vitamine%20B6

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

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La Vitamina B6 es una vitamina hidrosoluble que se presenta en seis formas diferentes: piridoxal (PL), piridoxina (PN), piridoxamina (PM) y sus correspondientes ésteres fosfóricos, 5'fosfato de piridoxal (PLP), 5'fosfato de piridoxina (PNP) y 5'fosfato de piridoxamina (PMP).  2, record 9, Spanish, - vitamina%20B6

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Fórmula química: C₈H₁₀NO_5-2-2  3, record 9, Spanish, - vitamina%20B6

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

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Cellular distribution and regulatory effects of the immunoregulator dextran sulfate... :[The] results indicate dextran sulfate may regulate the immune response by influencing T cell function and that dextran sulfate may be rapidly metabolized in vivo to a low molecular-weight sub-unit.  1, record 10, English, - immunoregulator

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

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Réorientation de la médecine du XXIe siècle (...) : En ce qui concerne la recherche thérapeutique publique et privée, les médicaments de la prévention (antithrombotiques, immuno-régulateurs, neuro-drogues) sont prioritaires à côté des médicaments de défense contre les agressions (antibiotiques, antiviraux, anticancéreux).  1, record 10, French, - immuno%2Dr%C3%A9gulateur

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Record 11,  Textual support,  English

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T cells are the regulators of the immune system. With the exception of cytotoxic T cells, many of the regulatory effects of T cells are exerted indirectly through other lymphocytes or nonlymphoid cells such as macrophages. In many instances T-cell function appears to be mediated by limphokines. Immunoregulatory lymphokines fall into two classes :...  1, record 11, English, - immunoregulatory

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

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Aspects immuno-régulateurs de la fonction placentaire : La grossesse peut être assimilée à la transplantation réussie d'une «greffe semi-allogénique». Les mécanismes immunitaires qui permettent l'implantation, puis le développement de l'embryon dans l'utérus, sont multiples mais intéressent principalement le placenta.  1, record 11, French, - immuno%2Dr%C3%A9gulateur

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Record 12,  Textual support,  English

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An antihelminthic drug that has been tried experimentally in rheumatic disorders where it apparently restores the immune response by increasing macrophage chemotaxis and T-lymphocyte function. Paradoxically, this immune enhancement appears to be beneficial in rheumatoid arthritis where dermatitis, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia, and nausea and vomiting have been reported as side effects.  2, record 12, English, - levamisole

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Chemical formula: C₁₁H₁₂N₂S  3, record 12, English, - levamisole

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

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Formule chimique : C₁₁H₁₂N₂S  2, record 12, French, - l%C3%A9vamisole

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Record 13,  Textual support,  English

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Probiotic yogurt has cultures which survive the gastroinstestinal passage. The major health benefits are immune function, immune stimulation, and a positive balance of the microflora.  1, record 13, English, - probiotic%20yogurt

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

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La Dre Catherine Stanton (Dairy Products Research Centre, TEAGASC, Irlande) a mentionné, au tout début de son exposé sur les probiotiques (agents microbiens vivants présents dans les aliments), que le marché des aliments fonctionnels pourrait dépasser celui des aliments à faible teneur en matières grasses. [...] Les produits laitiers occupent la plus grande part (environ 50%) du marché des aliments fonctionnels en Europe et le yogourt probiotique représente environ 10% de ce marché.  2, record 13, French, - yogourt%20probiotique

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yogourt : Cette graphie, puisée des Rectifications de l'orthographe recommandées par le Conseil supérieur de la langue française, est attestée dans le Petit Robert (2006).  3, record 13, French, - yogourt%20probiotique

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Record 14,  Textual support,  English

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A primary transmembrane protein of immune cells that serves as a key part of the innate immune system.  3, record 14, English, - Toll%2Dlike%20receptor

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[Toll-like receptors] are a group of pattern recognition receptors(PRRs) that bind to pathogen-associated molecular patterns(PAMPs). Their function is the recognition of pathogens and the activation of immune cell responses directed against those pathogens.  3, record 14, English, - Toll%2Dlike%20receptor

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

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En revanche, ces cellules expriment des récepteurs spécialisés de description récente, les récepteurs Toll ou TLR (Toll-like receptors) se liant à différents composés bactériens: des peptidoglycanes et des lipoprotéines bactériennes dans le cas de TLR2 [...]  1, record 14, French, - r%C3%A9cepteur%20Toll

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TLR : Bien que la plupart des ouvrages utilisent l'abréviation TLR pour désigner la notion, on devrait éviter de l'utiliser, lorsque c'est possible, car elle est issue du syntagme anglais Toll-like receptor.  5, record 14, French, - r%C3%A9cepteur%20Toll

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récepteur TLR : Bien que plusieurs auteurs utilisent cette expression, issue de l'anglais (Toll-Like Receptor), il vaudrait mieux lui préférer l'expression française récepteur Toll, qui n'est guère plus longue à écrire.  5, record 14, French, - r%C3%A9cepteur%20Toll

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

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La porción citoplasmática del receptor de IL-1 tipo I también es homóloga a la de un receptor de superficie de Drosophila denominado receptor de tipo Toll, que está implicado en la defensa frente a las infecciones.  2, record 14, Spanish, - receptor%20de%20tipo%20toll

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receptor de tipo toll; receptor de tipo Toll: Los expertos no se ponen de acuerdo si se debe escribir "toll" con mayúscula o minúscula. Algunos afirman que las normas de nomenclatura génica prefieren la minúscula si la palabra no se refiere a un nombre propio. En este caso, "toll" es una palabra alemana que significa "extraordinario".  4, record 14, Spanish, - receptor%20de%20tipo%20toll

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receptor tipo peaje: La palabra "toll" no proviene del inglés, que en español equivale a "peaje". Es un adjetivo alemán que significa "extraordinario".  4, record 14, Spanish, - receptor%20de%20tipo%20toll

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

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Antibodies that play an important role in the regulation of the immune responses through a succession of auto anti-idiotypic responses and have been useful as probes of protein function.  6, record 15, English, - anti%2Didiotypic%20antibody

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

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Préparation d'anticorps antiidiotypes capables de reconnaître le récepteur B-adrénergique.  1, record 15, French, - anticorps%20antiidiotype

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La production d'anticorps antiidiotypes a été faite pour la première fois en 1978 par Serge et Peterson à partir de l'injection d'anticorps anti-insuline.  1, record 15, French, - anticorps%20antiidiotype

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Record 16,  Textual support,  English

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Non-lymphotic cell which functions as a modulator of immune responses or of lymphocyte function of development. Usually Ia positive.  1, record 16, English, - accessory%20cell

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

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Cellule participant au fonctionnement du système immunitaire, aidant à l'activation des effecteurs, les lymphocytes T et B, mais non directement impliquée dans les réponses spécifiques.  1, record 16, French, - cellule%20accessoire

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Record 17,  Textual support,  English

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The spectrum of immunodeficiency and disease associated with HIV infection.  3, record 17, English, - HIV%20infection

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Characterized by a gradual deterioration of immune function. During the course of infection, crucial immune cells called CD4+ T cells are disabled and killed, and their numbers progressively decline. CD4+ T cells play a crucial role in the immune response, signaling other cells in the immune system to perform their special functions.  4, record 17, English, - HIV%20infection

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The term AIDS is used to indicate only the most severe diseases or clinical conditions (i.e., infections, neoplasm) observed in the continuum of illness related to infection with the retrovirus human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Infection with HIV and AIDS are not synonymous terms.  5, record 17, English, - HIV%20infection

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

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Classification des infections à V.I.H. Les conséquences de l'infection par le V.I.H. ne se limitent pas à la forme majeure de cette infection : le S.I.D.A. Par le passé, des formes intermédiaires ont été décrites dénommées par des termes imparfaits de pré-S.I.D.A. ou de para-S.I.D.A.; celui qui s'est imposé le plus longtemps est celui d'A.R.C. (A.I.D.S. related complex).  1, record 17, French, - infection%20%C3%A0%20VIH

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personne susceptible de contracter l'infection au VIH  2, record 17, French, - infection%20%C3%A0%20VIH

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

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La infección comienza cuando el virus encuentra a una célula CD4; entonces la glucoproteína 120 (Gp120) de la superficie del VIH se une estrechamente al receptor CD4 en la superficie de la célula; las membranas del virus y la célula se fusionan con la intervención de otra glucoproteína de la superficie del virus, llamada Gp41, para que las proteínas, enzimas y el corazón viral que contiene el RNA del VIH, sean introducidas en la célula ahora infectada.  1, record 17, Spanish, - infecci%C3%B3n%20por%20VIH

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

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Allergy, Immune Complexes and the Complement Cascade. The complement system consists of a series of proteins which function as a triggered enzyme cascade and play an important role in inflammation.  1, record 18, English, - complement%20cascade

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Enzyme cascade. - The complement components interact with each other so that the products of one reaction form the enzyme for the next, thus a small initial stimulus can trigger an increasing cascade of activity.  2, record 18, English, - complement%20cascade

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

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La formation de pores met en jeu le «complexe d'attaque de membrane» de la cascade du complément. Il est formé de l'assemblée supramoléculaire des cinq derniers constituants (C5b, C6, C7, C8, C9), qui s'insère dans la membrane cible en formant des lésions tubulaires.  1, record 18, French, - cascade%20du%20compl%C3%A9ment

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

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Canada Diseases Weekly Report.  2, record 19, English, - normal%20immune%20function

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Rapport hebdomadaire des maladies au Canada.  2, record 19, French, - fonction%20immunitaire%20normale

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 20,  Textual support,  English

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Canada Diseases Weekly Report.  2, record 20, English, - immune%20function

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Rapport hebdomadaire des maladies au Canada.  2, record 20, French, - fonction%20immunitaire

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish