TERMIUM Plus^®

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The major histocompatibility complex(MHC) is a cluster of functionally related genes encoding proteins which, among other functions, mediate immune system activation.  3, record 1, English, - major%20histocompatibility%20complex

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

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Région du génome des vertébrés regroupant l'information génétique qui code des protéines présentes sur la face externe de la membrane plasmique, responsables de la reconnaissance du soi et permettant la réponse immunitaire.  3, record 1, French, - complexe%20majeur%20d%27histocompatibilit%C3%A9

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complexe majeur d'histocompatibilité; CMH : désignations et définition publiées au Journal officiel de la République française le 9 avril 2022.  4, record 1, French, - complexe%20majeur%20d%27histocompatibilit%C3%A9

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

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Conjunto de genes que controlan aspectos de la respuesta inmune, produciendo antígenos histocompatibles, que están presentes en todas las células del cuerpo como marcadores para identificarlas como propias.  1, record 1, Spanish, - complejo%20mayor%20de%20histocompatibilidad

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

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A protospacer adjacent motif(PAM) is a 2–6-base pairDNA sequence immediately following the DNA sequence targeted by the Cas9 nuclease in the CRISPR bacterial adaptive immune system.  5, record 2, English, - protospacer%20adjacent%20motif

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A significant site called PAM ... is critical in CRISPR-Cas selective recognition for its target foreign protospacer sequence. The well documented characteristic of all CRISPR-Cas types is their ability to find and cleave target invader sequences upon the recognition of the highly conserved short PAMs.  6, record 2, English, - protospacer%20adjacent%20motif

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

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Séquence de 2 à 6 paires de bases qui doit être préalablement reconnue par une endodésoxyribonucléase pour que celle-ci opère la coupure de l'ADN.  1, record 2, French, - motif%20de%20reconnaissance%20du%20proto%2Despaceur

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motif de reconnaissance du proto-espaceur; motif de reconnaissance : désignations et définition publiées au Journal officiel de la République française le 28 mars 2018.  2, record 2, French, - motif%20de%20reconnaissance%20du%20proto%2Despaceur

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

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Immune checkpoints are a normal part of the immune system. Their role is to prevent an immune response from being so strong that it destroys healthy cells in the body. Immune checkpoints engage when proteins on the surface of immune cells called T cells recognize and bind to partner proteins on other cells, such as some tumor cells. These proteins are called immune checkpoint proteins. When the checkpoint and partner proteins bind together, they send an "off" signal to the T cells. This can prevent the immune system from destroying the cancer. Immunotherapy drugs called immune checkpoint inhibitors work by blocking checkpoint proteins from binding with their partner proteins. This prevents the "off" signal from being sent, allowing the T cells to kill cancer cells.  3, record 3, English, - immune%20checkpoint%20inhibitor

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Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are ... available as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). These ICIs target specific immune checkpoints, including cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1).  4, record 3, English, - immune%20checkpoint%20inhibitor

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

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Les inhibiteurs de points de contrôle sont des anticorps monoclonaux dirigés contre les signaux inhibiteurs de la réponse immunitaire que les cellules anticancéreuses mettent en place, en particulier en inactivant les lymphocytes T.  3, record 3, French, - inhibiteur%20de%20point%20de%20contr%C3%B4le%20immunitaire

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Record 4,  Textual support,  English

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Guide RNAs (gRNAs) are tiny RNA [ribonucleic acid] transcripts that guide the editing machinery through base-pairing with the mRNAs [messenger ribonucleic acids] in edited regions. gRNAs are complementary to small segments of the fully edited mRNAs, and thus serve as mini-templates to guide the addition and deletion of Us from the pre-edited mRNA as they form a locally double-stranded RNA helix.  4, record 4, English, - guide%20ribonucleic%20acid

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No one studying molecular biology can escape the impact that the CRISPR/Cas9 system has had on the field. In its natural environment, it functions as an adaptive bacterial immune system that can remember past viral infections. However, it is mainly known and popular as a highly versatile and precise tool for gene editing.... At the heart of the system is Cas9, a programmable and sequence‐specific endonuclease that introduces double‐strand breaks into DNA, which can be exploited to modify the DNA sequence in many different ways. The Cas9 cleavage site is determined by a small RNA molecule, termed guide RNA(gRNA), that base pairs with the target DNA and at the same time binds to Cas9 to initiate the site‐specific double‐strand break...  5, record 4, English, - guide%20ribonucleic%20acid

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

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ARN s'associant à une enzyme ou à un complexe protéique, qui, lorsqu'il s'apparie à une séquence d'ARN ou d'ADN complémentaire, permet à l'enzyme ou au complexe protéique de se positionner sur cet ARN ou ADN complémentaire.  4, record 4, French, - acide%20ribonucl%C3%A9ique%20guide

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ARN guide : désignation et définition publiées au Journal officiel de la République française le 28 mars 2018.  5, record 4, French, - acide%20ribonucl%C3%A9ique%20guide

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

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Immune checkpoints are a normal part of the immune system. Their role is to prevent an immune response from being so strong that it destroys healthy cells in the body. Immune checkpoints engage when proteins on the surface of immune cells called T cells recognize and bind to partner proteins on other cells, such as some tumor cells. These proteins are called immune checkpoint proteins. When the checkpoint and partner proteins bind together, they send an "off" signal to the T cells. This can prevent the immune system from destroying the cancer. Immunotherapy drugs called immune checkpoint inhibitors work by blocking checkpoint proteins from binding with their partner proteins. This prevents the "off" signal from being sent, allowing the T cells to kill cancer cells.  2, record 5, English, - immune%20checkpoint%20protein

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

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Les protéines nommées protéines de point de contrôle immunitaire permettent de moduler la force et la durée des réponses immunitaires pour éviter d'éliminer les cellules saines. Ces protéines réduisent la réponse immune naturelle ou thérapeutique contre le cancer. L'une des stratégies d'immunothérapie consiste à inhiber l'activité de ces protéines de point de contrôle immunitaire pour restaurer ou augmenter une réponse immunitaire.  1, record 5, French, - prot%C3%A9ine%20de%20point%20de%20contr%C3%B4le%20immunitaire

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Record 6,  Textual support,  English

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An immune checkpoint is a regulator of the immune system that is important for maintaining self-tolerance(the ability of the immune system to recognize self antigens as harmless while appropriately mounting a response to foreign entities) and preventing random attacks on health cells. Several tumors hijack this mechanism to protect themselves against tumoricidal responses elicited by T cells by activating immune checkpoints.  2, record 6, English, - immune%20checkpoint

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

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Les points de contrôle immunitaire sont des systèmes de régulation, inhibiteurs et activateurs, du système immunitaire, garantissant la tolérance du Soi. Dans le contexte du cancer, ces points de contrôle jouent un rôle-clé dans la reconnaissance des cellules cancéreuses qui ont développé une capacité à déjouer l'immunité antitumorale et échapper à la surveillance immunitaire.  2, record 6, French, - point%20de%20contr%C3%B4le%20immunitaire

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point de contrôle immunitaire : désignation publiée au Journal officiel de la République française le 7 août 2022.  3, record 6, French, - point%20de%20contr%C3%B4le%20immunitaire

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Record 7,  Textual support,  English

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The researchers who studied the German and Austrian patients ... had initially called the syndrome vaccine-induced prothrombotic immune thrombocytopenia; [two teams of researchers] now suggest a slightly simpler name: vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT).  4, record 7, English, - vaccine%2Dinduced%20immune%20thrombotic%20thrombocytopenia

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... the patients had unusual antibodies that trigger clotting reactions, which use up the body's platelets and can block blood vessels, leading to potentially deadly strokes or embolisms. The symptoms resemble a rare reaction to the drug heparin, called heparin-induced thrombocytopenia(HIT), in which the immune system makes antibodies to a complex of heparin and a protein called platelet factor 4(PF4), triggering platelets to form dangerous clots throughout the body.  4, record 7, English, - vaccine%2Dinduced%20immune%20thrombotic%20thrombocytopenia

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

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La trombocitopenia trombótica inmunitaria inducida por vacunas (VITT, por sus siglas en inglés) se define como un síndrome clínico caracterizado por todas las anomalías de laboratorio y radiológicas descritas a continuación que ocurren en individuos de 4 a 30 días después de la vacunación con Ad26.COV2 (Johnson & Johnson) o ChAdOx1 nCoV-19(Oxford-A. Zeneca).  1, record 7, Spanish, - trombocitopenia%20inmune%20tromb%C3%B3tica%20inducida%20por%20vacuna

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A polymicrobial infection is a complex situation that involves two or more microorganisms and a host. This system is influenced by microbial population dynamics; interspecies microbial interactions that result in competition, cooperation, or neutrality; and interactions with the host immune system, including immune modulation or manipulation.  2, record 8, English, - polymicrobial%20infection

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

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Les infections polymicrobiennes impliquent plusieurs microorganismes et un hôte avec de multiples interactions possibles. Ces interactions multiformes ont un impact sur le devenir des patients, qui peut aller de la synergie à l'antagonisme voire à la prévention de l'infection. Les infections polymicrobiennes sont fréquemment associées à des pathogènes opportunistes dont les capacités d'invasion ne peuvent être prédites à partir du contenu génomique et pour lesquels l'environnement et la condition polymicrobienne modulent la pathogénicité. Les résultats de ces interactions dépendent des propriétés des espèces impliquées et peuvent être particulièrement délétères.  2, record 8, French, - infection%20polymicrobienne

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Record 9,  Textual support,  English

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Viral fitness, defined as the extent of viral adaptation to the host environment, arises from tissue tropism, immune system evasion, drug resistance, and viral replication capacity.  1, record 9, English, - viral%20fitness

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

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[...] personnes séropositives pour le VIH peuvent être asymptomatiques et ne découvrir leur état sérologique que plusieurs années plus tard. Entre le moment de l’infection et le début du traitement antirétroviral, certaines mutations associées à une pharmacorésistance, en particulier celles qui réduisent la capacité réplicative du virus, peuvent disparaître des sous-types en circulation en l’absence de la pression sélective exercée par les médicaments.  1, record 9, French, - capacit%C3%A9%20r%C3%A9plicative%20virale

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

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Por otra parte, la acumulación de mutaciones secundarias en progenies virales que ya expresan mutaciones primarias de resistencia se interpretaría como intentos evolutivos de la progenie viral predominante por mejorar su capacidad replicativa ante la presencia continuada de la presión de selección ejercida por la droga.  1, record 9, Spanish, - capacidad%20replicativa

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

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Immunology is the science that investigates how organisms defend themselves against infection, harmful substances, and foreign tissue. In order for an organism to defend itself against such threats, however, its immune system presumably must be able to discriminate self from nonself. If the immune system could not make such a discrimination, it might harm the organism it is to defend, rather than the microbes infecting it. Self-nonself discrimination thus appears to be a crucial function of the immune system.  4, record 10, English, - self%2Dnonself%20discrimination

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

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Propriété fondamentale du système immunitaire des vertébrés qui permet à chaque organisme de distinguer ce qui lui est propre de ce qui lui est étranger.  1, record 10, French, - reconnaissance%20du%20soi

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Certains dysfonctionnements de la reconnaissance du soi aboutissent à des maladies auto-immunes.  1, record 10, French, - reconnaissance%20du%20soi

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reconnaissance du soi : désignation et définition publiées au Journal officiel de la République française le 27 juillet 2023.  2, record 10, French, - reconnaissance%20du%20soi

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Record 11,  Textual support,  English

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Rheumatoid arthritis(RA) causes joint inflammation and pain. It happens when the immune system... attacks the lining of the joints, called the synovium. The disease commonly affects the hands, knees or ankles, and usually the same joint on both sides of the body, such as both hands or both knees.  4, record 11, English, - rheumatoid%20arthritis

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Rheumatoid arthritis or RA is a form of inflammatory polyarthritis ...  5, record 11, English, - rheumatoid%20arthritis

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

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En cas d'arthrite rhumatoïde (AR), le système immunitaire attaque les tissus de l'organisme, particulièrement la synovie (une fine membrane qui recouvre les articulations), et provoque une inflammation.  3, record 11, French, - polyarthrite%20rhumato%C3%AFde

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Record 12,  Textual support,  English

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Ordinarily, heparin prevents clotting and does not affect the platelets, components of the blood that help form blood clots. Triggered by the immune system in response to heparin, HIT causes a low platelet count(thrombocytopenia).  2, record 12, English, - heparin%2Dinduced%20thrombocytopenia

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

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Reacción adversa protrombótica, mediada por activación de anticuerpos antiplaquetarios (mayoritariamente IgG [inmonoglobulinas G) contra el complejo formado por el factor plaquetario y la heparina, en individuos en tratamiento con este fármaco.  1, record 12, Spanish, - trombocitopenia%20inducida%20por%20heparina

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

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[A syndrome that] occurs when your immune system mistakenly creates antibodies that make your blood much more likely to clot.  4, record 13, English, - antiphospholipid%20syndrome

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This can cause dangerous blood clots in the legs, kidneys, lungs and brain. In pregnant women, antiphospholipid syndrome also can result in miscarriage and stillbirth.  4, record 13, English, - antiphospholipid%20syndrome

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

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Le syndrome des antiphospholipides (SAPL) est une maladie auto-immune rare définie par l'association de thrombose vasculaire (phlébite ou embolie pulmonaire [...] ou accident vasculaire cérébral) et/ou de complications obstétricales avec la présence dans le sang d'auto-anticorps dirigés contre les phospholipides [...]  4, record 13, French, - syndrome%20des%20antiphospholipides

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

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Afección en la cual el sistema inmunitario crea por error anticuerpos que atacan los tejidos del cuerpo, [pudiendo] provocar la formación de coágulos de sangre en arterias y venas.  1, record 13, Spanish, - s%C3%ADndrome%20antifosfolip%C3%ADdico

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Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease(MOGAD) is an autoimmune condition where [the] immune system attacks proteins in the protective cover around [the] nerves(myelin). It causes symptoms that affect [the] eyes, brain and spinal cord, like vision loss, confusion and muscle weakness.  3, record 14, English, - myelin%20oligodendrocyte%20glycoprotein%20antibody%2Dassociated%20disease

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

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La maladie associée aux anticorps anti-MOG (MOGAD) est une affection démyélinisante rare du système nerveux central ayant un tropisme optico-médullaire, notamment chez l'adulte, pouvant être monophasique ou à rechutes.  1, record 14, French, - maladie%20associ%C3%A9e%20aux%20anticorps%20anti%2DMOG

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MOG : L'abréviation «MOG» provient du terme anglais «myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein».  3, record 14, French, - maladie%20associ%C3%A9e%20aux%20anticorps%20anti%2DMOG

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Record 15,  Textual support,  English

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The skin is a vital organ that covers the entire outside of the body, forming a protective barrier against pathogens and injuries from the environment. The skin is the body's largest organ; covering the entire outside of the body, it is about 2 mm thick and weighs approximately six pounds. It shields the body against heat, light, injury, and infection. The skin also helps regulate body temperature, gathers sensory information from the environment, stores water, fat, and vitamin D, and plays a role in the immune system protecting us from disease.  2, record 15, English, - skin

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skin; cutis: designations found in the Terminologia Anatomica.  3, record 15, English, - skin

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La peau est l'organe le plus volumineux et le plus étendu du corps humain.  1, record 15, French, - peau

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peau : désignation dérivée de la Terminologia Anatomica.  2, record 15, French, - peau

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cutis : désignation tirée de la Terminologia Anatomica.  2, record 15, French, - peau

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Record 16,  Textual support,  English

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Alpha-gal syndrome(AGS) is a serious and unusual food allergy to red(mammalian) meat. It occurs in people who have been bitten by certain types of ticks, usually if they’ve been bitten more than once.... The saliva of some ticks contains a sugar molecule called alpha-gal(α-Gal). When alpha-gal enters the bloodstream, it can increase your sensitivity to red meat. This can trigger an immune system response. Your body reacts as if red meat is harmful, causing allergic symptoms. People with AGS may also react to other products containing alpha-gal, including medications and personal care products.  3, record 16, English, - alpha%2Dgal%20syndrome

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Unlike more traditional food allergies where consumption of an allergen produces symptoms within minutes, AGS reactions typically occur 3-8 hours after eating.  4, record 16, English, - alpha%2Dgal%20syndrome

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

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Dans la salive de la tique se trouve un sucre : le α-gal. C'est en mordant son hôte que la tique lui injecte le sucre. Il faut savoir que l'α-gal est présent chez la plupart des mammifères, incluant le bœuf, le porc et l'agneau, mais absent chez l'humain. Donc, au contact de l'α-gal transmis par la tique, certains individus, mais pas tous, développeront des anticorps (IgE) contre le sucre en question. Plus tard, lorsque la personne mangera de la viande rouge qui, rappelons-le, contient de l'α-gal, les anticorps reconnaîtront le sucre, ce qui provoquera une réaction allergique. Toutefois, contrairement à la réaction typique découlant d'une allergie alimentaire, le syndrome α-gal se manifeste plusieurs heures (jusqu'à 10 heures dans certains cas) après la consommation de viande rouge. Parmi les symptômes observés, on retrouve des crampes abdominales, de la nausée, des vomissements, des difficultés respiratoires, une baisse de la pression artérielle, une enflure des lèvres et de la gorge.  2, record 16, French, - syndrome%20alpha%2Dgal

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Record 17,  Textual support,  English

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The U. S. [United States] Pharmacopoeia(USP) has three general specifications for water quality that are applicable to medical and pharmaceutical uses, namely ’USP Water for Injection’(WFI), ’USP Purified Water’(PW) and ’Drinking Water. ’… WFI requires the removal of a subgroup of endotoxins that are lipopolysaccharides(material that makes up the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria and can cause an immune system response and fever termed "pyrogens"). … Thus, pyrogen-free water is a critical aspect of parenteral drug manufacturing.  1, record 17, English, - pyrogen%2Dfree%20water

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

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Eau exempte de substances pyrogènes.  2, record 17, French, - eau%20apyrog%C3%A8ne

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L'eau stérile est une eau où il y a absence totale de germes. L'eau apyrogène est une eau qui ne provoque pas de fièvre après injection.  1, record 17, French, - eau%20apyrog%C3%A8ne

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pyrogène : qui engendre de la fièvre.  3, record 17, French, - eau%20apyrog%C3%A8ne

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

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Técnicas de purificación. [...] Ultrafiltración: retiene coloides, microorganismos y pirógenos, se utiliza habitualmente para la obtención de agua apirógena y libre de nucleasas.  2, record 17, Spanish, - agua%20apir%C3%B3gena

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

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A specialist who studies immunity, the branch of science concerned with the structure and function of the immune system.  2, record 18, English, - immunologist

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

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[Spécialiste] qui étudie les réactions immunitaires de l'organisme et en tire des applications d'ordre prophylactique et thérapeutique.  3, record 18, French, - immunologiste

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

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[Especialista en el] estudio de todos los aspectos del sistema inmune [del] organismo.  2, record 18, Spanish, - inmun%C3%B3logo

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A vaccine that is administered through the nose.  3, record 19, English, - intranasal%20vaccine

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All vaccines stimulate the immune system by helping the body produce antibodies against a specific germ, and also by stimulating immune system cells to help recognize and destroy cells that have been infected by viruses. In the case of intranasal vaccines, a lot of that antibody production takes place in the lining of the respiratory tract, in the fluids that cover and bathe the inside of the nose, throat, and windpipe.  4, record 19, English, - intranasal%20vaccine

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

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Vaccin administré par le nez.  3, record 19, French, - vaccin%20intranasal

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Record 20,  Textual support,  English

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Paraneoplastic syndromes... occur when a cancer causes unusual symptoms due to substances that circulate in the bloodstream. These substances may be hormones produced by the tumor or antibodies produced by the immune system. They can affect the function of various tissues and organs and cause symptoms at sites distant from the tumor.  1, record 20, English, - paraneoplastic%20syndrome

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

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Les syndromes paranéoplasiques […] surviennent lorsqu'un cancer entraîne des symptômes inhabituels liés à la production de substances circulantes. Ces substances peuvent être des hormones produites par la tumeur ou des anticorps fabriqués par le système immunitaire. Elles peuvent perturber le fonctionnement de différents tissus et organes, et induire des symptômes dans des régions éloignées de la tumeur.  1, record 20, French, - syndrome%20paran%C3%A9oplasique

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish

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El síndrome paraneoplástico es una condición que ocasiona un efecto en otro sistema y específicamente, esto es por anticuerpos que son producidos por esta enfermedad de la leucemia que ataca el sistema neurológico periferal.  1, record 20, Spanish, - s%C3%ADndrome%20paraneopl%C3%A1stico

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Production of murine monoclonal antibodies involves challenging a rodent's immune system with an antigen and harvesting rodent splenocytes for antibody retrieval.  1, record 21, English, - murine%20monoclonal%20antibody

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mouse monoclonal antibody: designation usually used in the plural.  2, record 21, English, - murine%20monoclonal%20antibody

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

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Lorsque les premiers anticorps monoclonaux produits à partir de cellules murines (de souris ou de rat) furent décrits au début des années 1980, il semblait évident qu'ils représentaient des outils privilégiés pour cibler des antigènes tumoraux et détruire ainsi, de manière spécifique, les cellules transformées les exprimant. En fait, pendant presque 10 ans, la déception fut grande : d'une part, la caractérisation à l'aide d'anticorps d'antigènes spécifiques des tumeurs s'est avérée très laborieuse, et, d'autre part, l'utilisation thérapeutique des anticorps monoclonaux murins s'est rapidement heurtée à des problèmes tels que l'immunisation des patients vis-à-vis de l'anticorps xénogénique (de souris ou de rat) et la survenue de rechutes dues à une élimination incomplète des cellules tumorales.  1, record 21, French, - anticorps%20monoclonal%20murin

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anticorps monoclonal murin : désignation habituellement utilisée au pluriel.  2, record 21, French, - anticorps%20monoclonal%20murin

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Record 22,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A group of symptoms caused by a delayed immune response to certain medications or antiserum ...  2, record 22, English, - serum%20sickness

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Serum sickness is a hypersensitivity reaction similar to allergy. The immune system misidentifies a protein in antiserum as a potentially harmful substance(antigen), and it develops an immune response against the antiserum.  2, record 22, English, - serum%20sickness

Record 22,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La maladie sérique est consécutive à l'injection de sérum ou, plus rarement, à la prise d'antibiotiques [...], d'anti-inflammatoires, de barbituriques ou d'hormones [...] Elle est due à la sécrétion, par le système immunitaire du malade, d'anticorps dirigés contre les substances sériques ou médicamenteuses, étrangères à l'organisme [...]  2, record 22, French, - maladie%20s%C3%A9rique

Record 22,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 23,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Various immune response cells are produced by tissues and organs of the lymphoid system. Fish lack bone marrow, unlike mammals, and the primary lymphoid tissues where lymphocytes are initially produced in fish include the thymus and the head kidney, often referred to as the anterior kidney or pronephros.  2, record 23, English, - head%20kidney

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 OBS

pronephros: The plural form is "pronephroi."  3, record 23, English, - head%20kidney

Record 23,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La truite arc-en-ciel possède des organes lymphoïdes typiques, [dont le thymus et la rate]. Le rein antérieur, ou pronéphros, autre organe lymphoïde important, comprend les macrophages, des granulocytes et les lymphocytes B et T.  3, record 23, French, - rein%20ant%C3%A9rieur

Record 23,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 24,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Recombinant subunit vaccines use attenuated virus or bacterium to introduce microbial DNA to cells of the body.... The protein components that induce immune response are synthesis peptides or antigens expressed in eukaryotic or prokaryotic expression system(e. g., E. coli, yeast) using recombinant protein expression technologies.  2, record 24, English, - recombinant%20subunit%20vaccine

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Recombinant subunit vaccines are produced using genetic engineering techniques.  3, record 24, English, - recombinant%20subunit%20vaccine

Record 24,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Vaccins sous-unitaires recombinants. Plusieurs vaccins sont actuellement produits dans des œufs de poule, mais des technologies de recombinaison de l'ADN ont été mises au point pour exprimer les protéines de vaccin par des types de cellule de remplacement dans des environnements contrôlés (cellules de mammifère, d'insecte, de plante, de levures). Ces techniques offrent de bonnes pistes pour la production rapide à grande échelle d'antigènes destinés à être utilisés dans les vaccins.  4, record 24, French, - vaccin%20sous%2Dunitaire%20recombinant

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Les vaccins sous-unitaires recombinants sont produits à l'aide de techniques de génie génétique.  5, record 24, French, - vaccin%20sous%2Dunitaire%20recombinant

Record 24,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Se pueden obtener vacunas de subunidades [sintetizando] las moléculas antigénicas del microorganismo utilizando técnicas de ADN recombinante. Las vacunas producidas por este método se denominan vacunas de subunidades recombinantes.  1, record 24, Spanish, - vacuna%20de%20subunidad%20recombinante

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Las vacunas de subunidades recombinantes son producidas utilizando técnicas de ingeniería genética.  2, record 24, Spanish, - vacuna%20de%20subunidad%20recombinante

Record 25,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... nucleic acid vaccines employ the host's transcriptional and translational machinery to produce the desired gene product. This polypeptide product can then be recognised by components of the immune system.  3, record 25, English, - nucleic%20acid%20vaccine

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Nucleic acid vaccines contain DNA [deoxyribonucleic acid] or RNA [ribonucleic acid] segments.  4, record 25, English, - nucleic%20acid%20vaccine

Record 25,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Les vaccins à acide nucléique contiennent des fragments d'ADN [acide désoxyribonucléique] ou d'ARN [acide ribonucléique].  3, record 25, French, - vaccin%20%C3%A0%20acide%20nucl%C3%A9ique

Record 25,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 26,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Active immunity results when exposure to a disease organism triggers the immune system to produce antibodies to that disease.  2, record 26, English, - active%20immunity

Record 26,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'immunité active est acquise au cours de la vie par la fabrication d'anticorps qui permettent de défendre l'organisme contre les antigènes qui apparaissent lors d'une infection ou dans le cadre de la vaccination.  2, record 26, French, - immunit%C3%A9%20active

Record 26,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[…] inmunidad [que] se presenta cuando las células propias del cuerpo producen, y mantienen la capacidad de producir anticuerpos apropiados en respuesta a una enfermedad o estímulo determinados.  1, record 26, Spanish, - inmunidad%20activa

Record 27,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A disproportionate release of cytokines following over-stimulation of the immune system.  4, record 27, English, - hypercytokinemia

Record 27,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Libération excessive de cytokines à la suite d'une surstimulation du système immunitaire.  4, record 27, French, - hypercytokin%C3%A9mie

Record 27,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Aumento anormal de la concentración de citocinas en la sangre [debido a la sobreestimulación del sistema inmunitario.]  1, record 27, Spanish, - hipercitocinemia

Record 28,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The activity of the immune system that targets foreign substances.  2, record 28, English, - immune%20response

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 PHR

impaired immune response  3, record 28, English, - immune%20response

Record 28,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Activité du système immunitaire dirigée contre les substances étrangères.  4, record 28, French, - r%C3%A9action%20immunitaire

Record 28,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Conjunto de mecanismos que permiten al ser vivo reconocer sustancias como extraños (antigenos) y montar una respuesta humoral o celular para conseguir su eliminación o neutralización.  3, record 28, Spanish, - respuesta%20inmune

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Siempre es mixta: celular y humoral.  4, record 28, Spanish, - respuesta%20inmune

Record 29,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A complex network of cells, tissues, organs, and the substances they make that helps the body fight infections and ... diseases.  2, record 29, English, - immune%20system

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The immune system distinguishes self from nonself and eliminates potentially harmful nonself molecules and cells from the body. The immune system also has the capacity to recognize and destroy abnormal cells that derive from host tissues. Any molecule capable of being recognized by the immune system is considered an antigen(Ag).  3, record 29, English, - immune%20system

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 PHR

deficient immune system, depressed immune system, strong immune system, weak immune system  4, record 29, English, - immune%20system

Record 29,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Réseau complexe de cellules et d'organes qui fonctionne de façon équilibrée et intégrée pour contrer les attaques des bactéries, des virus, des parasites ou bien encore des champignons.  2, record 29, French, - syst%C3%A8me%20immunitaire

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le système immunitaire correspond à l'ensemble des mécanismes de défense de l'organisme. Il en existe deux types : innée et acquise. On appelle réponse immunitaire le déclenchement du système immunitaire face à une maladie.  3, record 29, French, - syst%C3%A8me%20immunitaire

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 PHR

système immunitaire affaibli, système immunitaire déficient, système immunitaire faible, système immunitaire fort  4, record 29, French, - syst%C3%A8me%20immunitaire

Record 29,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Conjunto de células y sustancias repartidas por todo el cuerpo cuya función es combatir infecciones y enfermedades, así como eliminar elementos ajenos al cuerpo humano.  3, record 29, Spanish, - sistema%20inmunitario

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 OBS

sistema inmunitario; sistema inmune; sistema inmunológico: La Fundación del Español Urgente (Fundéu BBVA), con el asesoramiento de la Real Academia Española, recomienda llamar "sistema inmunitario" y no "sistema inmunológico" al sistema que tienen los seres vivos para protegerse de enfermedades y sustancias extrañas. [Asimismo aclara que] inmunológico es lo relacionado con la ciencia de la inmunología, como tal disciplina, mientras que para lo relacionado con la inmunidad la palabra más apropiada es inmunitario. [...] Aunque en propiedad "inmune" se aplica a los organismos resistentes a ciertas enfermedades, las Academias ya aceptan, por su amplio uso, "sistema inmune" como sinónimo de "sistema inmunitario".  2, record 29, Spanish, - sistema%20inmunitario

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 PHR

sistema inmunitario deficiente  4, record 29, Spanish, - sistema%20inmunitario

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 2 PHR

sistema inmune débil, sistema inmune fuerte  4, record 29, Spanish, - sistema%20inmunitario

Record 30,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The capacity of an organism's immune system to recognize an antigen with which it has already been in contact and to respond to it more rapidly and efficiently.  1, record 30, English, - immunological%20memory

Record 30,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Capacité du système immunitaire d'un organisme de reconnaître un antigène avec lequel il a déjà été en contact et ainsi d'y répondre plus rapidement et efficacement.  1, record 30, French, - m%C3%A9moire%20immunologique

Record 30,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Proceso que permite que un encuentro secundario con el mismo antígeno, produzca una respuesta inmune más intensa e inmediata que la de la exposición inicial a dicho antígeno.  1, record 30, Spanish, - memoria%20inmunol%C3%B3gica

Record 31,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Aborted parasitism occurs when developing parasitoids die for reasons other than the activation of the host immune system and their host also dies as a result of actions of the immature parasitoid prior to its own death.  1, record 31, English, - aborted%20parasitism

Record 31,  Textual support,  French

Record 31,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 32,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A protein that is released by activated macrophages as an immune system defense and, when the defense is overwhelmed, is a cause of cachexia or toxic shock...  5, record 32, English, - tumour%20necrosis%20factor%20alpha

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 OBS

In some specialized works, the term «tumour necrosis factor» makes reference to the tumour necrosis factor alpha.  6, record 32, English, - tumour%20necrosis%20factor%20alpha

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 2 OBS

TNF-a: "a" refers to the Greek letter alpha.  6, record 32, English, - tumour%20necrosis%20factor%20alpha

Record 32,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les facteurs nécrosant les tumeurs font partie des cytokines. Il en existe deux : le TNF alpha (également appelé cachectine, pour son rôle dans la cachexie liée aux maladies inflammatoires chroniques), produit par de nombreux types de cellules immunitaires (monocytes, lymphocytes), et le TNF bêta […]  5, record 32, French, - facteur%20de%20n%C3%A9crose%20tumorale%20alpha

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Dans certains ouvrages spécialisés, le terme «facteur de nécrose tumorale» fait référence au facteur de nécrose tumorale alpha.  7, record 32, French, - facteur%20de%20n%C3%A9crose%20tumorale%20alpha

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 2 OBS

TNF a : La lettre «a» représente la lettre grecque.  7, record 32, French, - facteur%20de%20n%C3%A9crose%20tumorale%20alpha

Record 32,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 33,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Oral allergy syndrome, also known as pollen-food allergy syndrome, is caused by cross-reacting allergens found in both pollen and raw fruits, vegetables, or some tree nuts. The immune system recognizes the pollen and similar proteins in the food and directs an allergic response to it. People affected by oral allergy syndrome can usually eat the same fruits or vegetables in cooked form because the proteins are distorted during the heating process, and the immune system no longer recognizes the food.  4, record 33, English, - oral%20allergy%20syndrome

Record 33,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le syndrome pollen-aliment (ou encore syndrome d'allergie orale) est une réaction allergique aux fruits frais, aux légumes et aux noix qui se produit chez des personnes allergiques aux pollens. Nous appelons ce syndrome ainsi car les réactions touchent la plupart du temps uniquement la sphère orale.  2, record 33, French, - syndrome%20d%27allergie%20orale

Record 33,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 CONT

El síndrome de alergia oral, también conocido como SAO, es una reacción alérgica que suele afectar solo a la boca y la garganta y se produce cuando se ingieren ciertas frutas frescas, verduras o frutos secos en pacientes alérgicos a ciertos pólenes.  1, record 33, Spanish, - s%C3%ADndrome%20de%20alergia%20oral

Record 34,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Vaccinology is the science of vaccine development and how the immune system responds to vaccines, as well as the ongoing evaluation of immunization programs, vaccine safety and effectiveness, and surveillance of the epidemiology of vaccine preventable diseases.  2, record 34, English, - vaccinology

Record 34,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La vaccinologie est la science de la mise au point des vaccins et de la réaction du système immunitaire aux vaccins. Elle comporte également une évaluation continue des programmes d'immunisation, de l'innocuité et de l'efficacité des vaccins ainsi que la surveillance de l'épidémiologie des maladies évitables par la vaccination.  2, record 34, French, - vaccinologie

Record 34,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 35,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Langerhans cell histiocytosis is a disorder in which excess immune system cells called Langerhans cells build up in the body.... In Langerhans cell histiocytosis, excess immature Langerhans cells usually form tumors called granulomas.  6, record 35, English, - Langerhans%20cell%20histiocytosis

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[Some] researchers ... consider Langerhans cell histiocytosis to be a form of cancer, but this classification remains controversial.  6, record 35, English, - Langerhans%20cell%20histiocytosis

Record 35,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[Maladie qui consiste en la prolifération] des cellules de Langerhans [et qui peut] toucher un ou plusieurs organes, notamment la peau, les muqueuses, [...] l'os, le poumon et le système nerveux central.  5, record 35, French, - histiocytose%20langerhansienne

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 OBS

L'agressivité de la prolifération des cellules de Langerhans est variable.  6, record 35, French, - histiocytose%20langerhansienne

Record 35,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 36,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Inspired by the human immune system, an artificial immune system(AIS) is built to solve some complex computational problems...  2, record 36, English, - artificial%20immune%20system

Record 36,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les systèmes immunitaires artificiels (SIA) sont des systèmes adaptatifs [qui s'inspirent du] système immunitaire biologique pour la résolution de problèmes.  2, record 36, French, - syst%C3%A8me%20immunitaire%20artificiel

Record 36,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 37,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[A] nutrition claim that describes the physiological role of the nutrient in growth, development and normal functions of the body.  1, record 37, English, - nutrient%20function%20claim

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Examples of nutrient function claims : vitamin A helps maintain good vision, normal growth and healthy immune system; calcium is essential for building strong bones and teeth.  1, record 37, English, - nutrient%20function%20claim

Record 37,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Allégation nutritionnelle qui décrit le rôle physiologique de l'élément nutritif dans la croissance, le développement et les fonctions normales de l'organisme.  1, record 37, French, - all%C3%A9gation%20nutritionnelle%20fonctionnelle

Record 37,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 38,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Non-specific immunotherapies don’t target cancer cells specifically. They stimulate the immune system in a more general way, but this can still sometimes lead to a better immune response against cancer cells.  2, record 38, English, - non%2Dspecific%20immunotherapy

Record 38,  Textual support,  French

Record 38,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 39,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Antigen vaccines are made from antigens in cancer cells. The goal is to stimulate the immune system to attack the cancer.  1, record 39, English, - antigen%20vaccine

Record 39,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Pour un vaccin antigénique, on utilise les antigènes des cellules cancéreuses. Le but est d'inciter le système immunitaire à attaquer le cancer.  1, record 39, French, - vaccin%20antig%C3%A9nique

Record 39,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 40,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The difference between a food allergy and sensitivity is the body's response. When you have a food allergy, your immune system causes the reaction. If you have a food sensitivity or intolerance, the reaction is triggered by the digestive system.  1, record 40, English, - food%20allergy

Record 40,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Réaction anormale de protection du corps après l'ingestion d'un aliment.  2, record 40, French, - allergie%20alimentaire

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le système immunitaire déclenche une allergie alimentaire lorsqu'il confond une protéine alimentaire avec un agent nocif. Lors de la première exposition à la protéine alimentaire, le corps réagit en produisant des anticorps appelés immunoglobines E (IgE).  3, record 40, French, - allergie%20alimentaire

Record 40,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Reacción de hipersensibilidad a alimentos con una causa inmunológica comprobada, después de consumir un alimento o uno de sus derivados o un aditivo contenido en el mismo.  1, record 40, Spanish, - alergia%20alimentaria

Record 41,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Food sensitivities and intolerances are more common than food allergies, according to the British Allergy Foundation. Neither involves the immune system. A food triggers an intolerance in your digestive tract. This is where your body can’t properly break it down, or your body reacts to a food you’re sensitive to.  1, record 41, English, - food%20sensitivity

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 2 CONT

A food sensitivity is an adverse reaction to a food that other people can safely eat. Food sensitivities include food allergies, food intolerances and chemical sensitivities.  2, record 41, English, - food%20sensitivity

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 PHR

food sensitivity testing  3, record 41, English, - food%20sensitivity

Record 41,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Une sensibilité alimentaire se manifeste par une réaction indésirable à un aliment que d'autres personnes peuvent consommer sans danger. La sensibilité alimentaire englobe les allergies et les intolérances alimentaires, ainsi que la sensibilité aux produits chimiques.  1, record 41, French, - sensibilit%C3%A9%20alimentaire

Record 41,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 CONT

¿Qué es la alergia a un alimento? [...] La alergia es una reacción muy específica del sistema inmunológico, que reacciona a una sustancia como si fuera un ataque y libera anticuerpos para defenderse. [Mientras que] la sensibilidad a los alimentos [presenta] muchos síntomas [...] que ni siquiera [pueden] afectar al tracto intestinal (migrañas, fatiga, etc.). Las sensibilidades pueden afectar prácticamente a cualquier órgano, como respuesta al consumo de un alimento.  1, record 41, Spanish, - sensibilidad%20alimentaria

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 PHR

prueba de sensibilidad alimentaria  2, record 41, Spanish, - sensibilidad%20alimentaria

Record 42,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[A chronic autoimmune intestinal] disease occurring in children and adults characterized by sensitivity to gluten (a natural protein found in many grains), with chronic inflammation and atrophy of the mucosa of the upper small intestine.  6, record 42, English, - celiac%20disease

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In celiac disease, the body's immune system responds abnormally to gluten, resulting in inflammation and damage to the lining of the small intestine and reduced absorption of iron, calcium, vitamins A, D, E, K and folate.  8, record 42, English, - celiac%20disease

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Not to be confused with the term "gluten-related disorders," that designates the disorders resulting from the ingestion of gluten. Celiac disease is the most severe form of gluten-related disorders.  9, record 42, English, - celiac%20disease

Record 42,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Maladie [chronique auto-immune survenant chez les adultes et les enfants,] caractérisée par une atrophie des villosités de la muqueuse de l'intestin grêle et [causée] par l'absorption de gluten (protéine présente dans le blé, le seigle et l'orge).  7, record 42, French, - maladie%20c%26oelig%3Bliaque

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 CONT

En présence de maladie cœliaque, la réaction du système immunitaire au gluten est anormale, ce qui déclenche l'inflammation et endommage la paroi de l'intestin grêle tout en réduisant l'absorption du fer, du calcium, des vitamines A, D, E et K ainsi que de l'acide folique.  2, record 42, French, - maladie%20c%26oelig%3Bliaque

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Ne pas confondre avec le terme «troubles liés au gluten» qui désigne les troubles causés par l'ingestion de gluten. La maladie cœliaque est la forme la plus grave des troubles liés au gluten.  8, record 42, French, - maladie%20c%26oelig%3Bliaque

Record 42,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 43,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Clinical immunology/allergy focuses on disorders characterized by defective responses of the body's immune system.... Clinical immunologist/allergists are expected to achieve competence in the utilization and interpretation of common laboratory procedures relevant to clinical immunology/allergy.  2, record 43, English, - clinical%20immunologist%2Dallergist

Record 43,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le spécialiste en allergologie et immunologie est un médecin, qui après son cours de médecine, a fait 5 ans de formation en spécialité : 3 ans en médecine interne ou en pédiatrie, suivi de 2 années en allergologie et immunologie, et parfois plus.  2, record 43, French, - immunologiste%20clinicien%20et%20allergologiste

Record 43,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 44,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 DEF

(Each of) those sites of the body lacking lymphatic drainage and in which antigens or tissue grafts can be placed without evoking an immune response. Examples include the central nervous system, the anterior chamber of the eye, and the cheek pouch of the hamster.  1, record 44, English, - privileged%20site

Record 44,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Sites privilégiés. Il est certains sites, comme la chambre antérieure de l'œil, le tissu cérébral ou encore la poche jugale du hamster qui, par leur absence de drainage lymphatique, permettent la survie prolongée d'allogreffes incompatibles. Il semble exister autour de ces sites une barrière empêchant les antigènes de transplantation de sortir et surtout les cellules lymphoïdes de pénétrer. [...] Le placenta représente également une barrière cellulaire contribuant probablement à la protection du fœtus «allogreffé».  1, record 44, French, - site%20privil%C3%A9gi%C3%A9

Record 44,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 45,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Follicular dendritic cells : Cells found in the germinal centers of lymphoid organs [lymph node follicles]. FDCs have threadlike tentacles that form a weblike network to trap invaders and present them to other cells of the immune system for destruction.  3, record 45, English, - follicular%20dendritic%20cell

Record 45,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Cellule dendritique des centres germinatifs des follicules lymphoïdes, qui porte en surface des récepteurs piégeant des complexes antigène-anticorps, et qui, même des années après, peut transmettre ces complexes à des lymphocytes B.  3, record 45, French, - cellule%20dendritique%20folliculaire

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Dans le processus impliquant une cellule dendritique folliculaire, ce sont les lymphocytes B qui apprêtent l’antigène et le présentent aux lymphocytes T.  3, record 45, French, - cellule%20dendritique%20folliculaire

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 2 OBS

cellule dendritique folliculaire; CDF; cellule folliculaire dendritique; CFD : termes, abréviations et définition publiés au Journal officiel de la République française le 1er octobre 2016.  4, record 45, French, - cellule%20dendritique%20folliculaire

Record 45,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Células caracterizadas por sus largos tentáculos como ramas, llamadas dendritas. Son presentadoras de antígeno y entre ellas está la célula de Langerhans de la piel y las células foliculares en los ganglios linfáticos.  1, record 45, Spanish, - c%C3%A9lula%20dendr%C3%ADtica%20folicular

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Las células dendríticas [viajan] a través del cuerpo y se unen a los antígenos, como el VIH, especialmente en tejidos externos como los de los intestinos, pulmones y el sistema reproductivo, desde donde llevan el antígeno a los nódulos linfáticos para estimular las células T e iniciar la respuesta inmune.  1, record 45, Spanish, - c%C3%A9lula%20dendr%C3%ADtica%20folicular

Record 46,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A new type of immune system cell now comes to light in mice : the interferon-producing killer dendritic cell(IKDC). This cell shares many features with dendritic cells and with natural killer cells. It has cytotoxic and antitumor activity, produces interferons and develops antigen presentation capacity...  3, record 46, English, - interferon%2Dproducing%20killer%20dendritic%20cell