TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Reactivation is the mechanism whereby a latent virus that has infected a host cell switches to a lytic stage, undergoing productive viral replication and allowing the virus to spread. Viral reactivation is associated with several stress factors, including viral infection(with other viruses), nerve trauma, physiologic and physical changes(e. g., fever, menstruation and exposure to sunlight) and immunosuppression(as in cytomegalovirus [CMV] disease).  2, record 1, English, - viral%20reactivation

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The prevention or diminution of the immune response, as by irradiation or by administration of antimetabolites, antilymphocyte serum, or specific antibody.  3, record 2, English, - immunosuppression

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Immunosuppression... may reflect natural immunologic unresponsiveness(tolerance) [or] may be artificially induced by chemical, biological, or physical agents, or may be caused by disease.  3, record 2, English, - immunosuppression

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Diminution ou suppression des réponses immunitaires normales chez un individu.  3, record 2, French, - immunosuppression

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[Le] traitement dit immunosuppresseur, [vise] à réduire les risques de réactions de rejet. Cette immunosuppression préalable peut être réalisée par irradiation corporelle totale (conduisant à détruire toutes les cellules de la moelle du receveur, et donc celles de son système immunitaire) ou par traitement médicamenteux au moyen par exemple de sérum anti-lymphocytaire.  4, record 2, French, - immunosuppression

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Tratamiento que consiste en la administración de sustancias que alteran la capacidad del sistema inmunitario para combatir infecciones o enfermedades.  2, record 2, Spanish, - inmunosupresi%C3%B3n

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Puede ser de forma deliberada, como en la preparación de trasplantes, para evitar el rechazo por parte del huésped de los tejidos del donante; o de forma no intencionada, como resulta en el tratamiento de cáncer con quimioterapia.  2, record 2, Spanish, - inmunosupresi%C3%B3n

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A method of inducing a strong immunosuppressive effect in patients undergoing bone marrow transplants, treatment of certain lymphomas, or other therapies requiring immunosuppression.  2, record 3, English, - total%20lymphoid%20irradiation

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'irradiation lymphoïde totale (ILT) supprime pour longtemps la fonction des lymphocytes T auxiliaires.  1, record 3, French, - irradiation%20lympho%C3%AFde%20totale

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

If this degree of immunosuppression were required to provide long-term survival of concordant xenografts in humans, it would likely lead to a high incidence of recipient morbidity or mortality from infection.  2, record 4, English, - concordant%20xenograft

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Greffon transplanté sur un sujet d'une espèce différente, mais voisine de celle du donneur.  2, record 4, French, - x%C3%A9nogreffe%20concordante

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Exemple de xénogreffe concordante : tissu ou organe de babouin ou de chimpanzé transplanté sur l'humain.  2, record 4, French, - x%C3%A9nogreffe%20concordante

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Injerto que procede de un donante de diferente especie al receptor y el cual no presenta rechazo hiperagudo por parte del receptor.  3, record 4, Spanish, - xenoinjerto%20concordante

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La reacción hiperaguda contra el xenoinjerto ocurre a los pocos minutos de la revascularización de un órgano y es la clave del rechazo entre las combinaciones de lo que se llama especies discordantes, como son el cerdo y el hombre, si las especies son iguales [...] se llama concordante.  3, record 4, Spanish, - xenoinjerto%20concordante

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Hyperacute/acute/chronic rejection describe the speed of rejection in organs such as the kidney.... Acute rejection occurs within two weeks of grafting, due to prior sensitization of the recipient to histocompatibility antigens. Chronic rejection occurs later due to the development of sensitivity to graft antigens. This sometimes occurs after the cessation of immunosuppression necessitated by infection.  1, record 5, English, - chronic%20rejection

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La détérioration tardive de la greffe survient parfois chez les malades sous immunosuppresseurs. Ce type de rejet chronique est souvent insidieux mais inéluctable malgré l'intensification du traitement immunosuppresseur.  1, record 5, French, - rejet%20chronique

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Researchers are trying to develop methods of transplanting islet cells to reduce or eliminate the need for immunosuppression and the risk of rejection. Immunoisolation methods separate the islets from the immune system of the patient by coating cells or encapsulating them into microscopic containers. Immunoalteration tries to change the surface of islet cells so that the patient's immune system does not notice or attack them.  2, record 6, English, - immunoalteration

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Type d'immunoprotection qui consiste à réduire le caractère immunogène d'un greffon de sorte que, en théorie, le receveur n'ait pas à recevoir de traitement immunosuppresseur.  2, record 6, French, - immunoalt%C3%A9ration

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Tester sur ce modèle deux méthodes d'immunoaltération des îlots pancréatiques humains (suppression des cellules porteuses de molécules HLA [Human Leucocyte Antigen] de classe II (cellules non endocrines contaminant le greffon), masquage des molécules HLA de classe I, seules exprimées à la surface des îlots).  3, record 6, French, - immunoalt%C3%A9ration

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An infection caused by an organism which becomes pathogenic under certain conditions, e. g., during immunosuppression.  1, record 7, English, - opportunistic%20infection

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Infection causée par des microorganismes qui ne deviennent pathogènes que sous certaines conditions, par exemple, les maladies liées à un déficit immunitaire.  2, record 7, French, - infection%20opportuniste

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Parmi les infections opportunistes, la toxoplasmose par fréquence doit être évoquée en premier lieu.  1, record 7, French, - infection%20opportuniste

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Infección que normalmente no se origina en pacientes con un funcionamiento normal del sistema inmunitario.  2, record 7, Spanish, - infecci%C3%B3n%20oportunista

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Las infecciones oportunistas más frecuentes en el sida son: candidiasis, tuberculosis, neumonía por Pneumocystis carinii, histoplasmosis y criptococosis, pudiendo concurrir dos o más de ellas.  3, record 7, Spanish, - infecci%C3%B3n%20oportunista

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Adjustment of the immune response to a desired level, as in immunopotentiation, immunosuppression, or induction of immunologic tolerance.  2, record 8, English, - immunomodulation

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Immunomodulation was first established as a potential means of treating cancer in studies utilizing Bacillus Calmette Guérin (BCG). Success in these early experiments, which depended on the use of living bacilli, prompted the search for immunomodulators that did not pose the risk associated with living (albeit attenuated) bacteria ...  3, record 8, English, - immunomodulation

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Régulation des moyens de défense de l'organisme par sollicitation différenciée du système immunologique.  2, record 8, French, - immunomodulation

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[Les] molécules [de synthèse], de tous petits glycopeptides, formés d'un sucre et de deux acides aminés légèrement modifiés constituent l'une des clés de ce nouveau chapitre de la biologie qu'est l'immunomodulation: entendez la régulation subtile en plus ou en moins, selon les besoins de l'organisme ou de la médecine, du système de défense.  3, record 8, French, - immunomodulation

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Injectable microreactors. A new type of encapsulation technology with the potential for transplantation of islets across a wide species barrier without immunosuppression has been developed. These selectively permeable "microreactors"(600-1200 um) are fabricated from biodegradable polymers that are slowly absorbed and excreted by the body. The microreactors can simply be injected under the skin, or placed intraperitoneally or in other extravascular sites using a needle or syringe.  1, record 9, English, - injectable%20microreactor

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

These microreactors have been tested in small and large animal models. In one of the experiments designed to test xenograft survival, bovine and porcine islets were immobilizided in the microreactors and implanted in the intraperitoneal cavity of diabetic rats without immunosuppression...  1, record 9, English, - injectable%20microreactor

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish