TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The transmembrane pressure and membrane charge were confirmed as important factors changing the relative dominance of the three ion transport mechanisms : diffusion, convection and electromigration. In weakly charged membranes, diffusion is predominant, even at high water fluxes. The electromigration flux can counteract a strong convective flux in highly charged membranes.  2, record 1, English, - ion%20transport%20mechanism

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A resin that holds and swaps only cations. Cation resins contain hydrogen ions (H+) to remove positively-charged, dissolved ionic contaminants such as calcium, sodium, magnesium and potassium.  4, record 2, English, - cation%2Dexchange%20resin

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Other important applications of ion exchange are water softening and the demineralization of water.... In the second [application], all ionic impurities contained in water are removed by exchange for hydrogen and hydroxyl ions during passage of the water successively through cation-and anion-exchange resins in the acid and base form.  5, record 2, English, - cation%2Dexchange%20resin

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Résine qui échange uniquement les cations.  3, record 2, French, - r%C3%A9sine%20%C3%A9changeuse%20de%20cations

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les échangeurs d'ions [...] [utilisés] dans l'adoucissement des eaux [...] sont maintenant constitués par des résines synthétiques. Ces résines échangeuses de cations et d'anions sont des composés organiques, de structure macro-ionique [...] C'est ainsi qu'une eau naturelle contenant des impuretés ioniques [...] échange, en passant sur ces résines, les ions qu'elle renferme contre des ions H- ou OH- lesquels se combinent en donnant de l'eau; celle-ci se trouve donc purifiée (désionisée).  4, record 2, French, - r%C3%A9sine%20%C3%A9changeuse%20de%20cations

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Separa los cationes de una solución, intercambiándolos por iones sodio (ciclo del sodio) o por iones hidrógeno (ciclo del hidrógeno).  3, record 2, Spanish, - resina%20de%20intercambio%20cati%C3%B3nico

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La resina de intercambio catiónico se regenera con un ácido fuerte tal como el sulfúrico o el clorhídrico.  2, record 2, Spanish, - resina%20de%20intercambio%20cati%C3%B3nico

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Las resinas de intercambio catiónico en el ciclo hidrógeno son de ácidos débiles o fuertes. La mayoría de las resinas ácidas empleadas en el tratamiento de la contaminación del agua son resinas con ácidos fuertes.  3, record 2, Spanish, - resina%20de%20intercambio%20cati%C3%B3nico

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The section of the mass spectrometer in which the beam of ions emerging from the ion source is separated into a series of beams, according to the mass-to-charge ratios.  5, record 3, English, - mass%20analyser

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Mass spectrometers, which operate under high vacuum, consist of four basic parts: a handling system ...; an ionization chamber ...; an analyzer, in which the particles in the beam are separated according to mass; and a detector ...  2, record 3, English, - mass%20analyser

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Mass analyzers are systems designed to identify and measure materials according to their molecular weights. The technique has been adapted for many other applications ranging from physics research and the identification of complex molecular structure to assuring the integrity of the fuel systems on the space shuttle and routine helium leak detection. While the uses of mass analyzers in the microelectronics industry include some exotic applications, such as SIMS, the greatest number of systems are used for various types of gas analysis. Applications for mass analyzers include process monitoring, process engineering and control in such areas as evaporation, MBE, sputter etch and deposition, plasma etch and deposition, ion, implantation, LPCVD, CVD, and diffusion furnaces. Another important application is high purity gas certification and electronic gas mixture verification.  2, record 3, English, - mass%20analyser

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Un spectromètre de masse comprend quatre éléments essentiels : 1. un système de prélèvement et de transport de l'échantillon vers la source d'ions; 2. une source d'ions [...] 3. un analyseur qui, au moyen de combinaisons variées de champs électriques et magnétiques, sépare les espèces ioniques en faisceaux distincts qu'il filtre, selon le rapport m/e de leur masse à leur charge; 4. un détecteur [...]  3, record 3, French, - analyseur

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The plasma centrifuge is one of [the] plasma isotope separation methods which relies on mass-dependent radial ion transport in a rotating plasma under strong centrifugal force. To improve the isotope separation factor, it is primarily important to confine the rotating plasma in a magnetic field for longer than the column rotation period [while] keeping ion temperature low.  2, record 4, English, - rotating%20plasma

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[…] plasma […] formé en créant une décharge électrique dans une direction perpendiculaire à un champ magnétique intense.  1, record 4, French, - plasma%20tournant

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[Enrichissement de l’uranium]. De nombreuses variantes utilisent le concept de plasma tournant où les ions sont séparés par la différence de leur vitesse de rotation. Cette vitesse peut atteindre des valeurs très supérieures à celles possibles dans une centrifugeuse à gaz neutre (plus de 2 300 m/s au lieu de 800 m/s).  1, record 4, French, - plasma%20tournant

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A salt or ester of nitric acid, most of the salts being soluble in water and some of them (as the sodium, potassium, and calcium salts) constituting the principal source of nitrogen for higher plants.  6, record 5, English, - nitrate

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[A] nitrate [is the] negative ion, NO₃^-, derived from nitric acid.... Because almost all metallic nitrates are water-soluble, they are not found in nature but are produced from nitric acid. One notable exception to this is the impure sodium nitrate, called Chile saltpeter.... Nitrates are an important source of nitrogen in fertilizers.  7, record 5, English, - nitrate

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The four ions of most importance to rainfall acidity are: hydrogen (H⁺), ammonium (NH₄⁺), nitrate (NO₃^-) and sulphate (SO₄^2-).  8, record 5, English, - nitrate

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

... nitrates are ... employed in long-curing processes, such as country hams, as well as dried, cured, and fermented sausages.  9, record 5, English, - nitrate

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 OBS

nitrate: form recommended by the IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry) for the systematic name corresponding to the CAS number indicated on the present record; term adopted by Environment Canada, used in the list of pollutants measured in the National Air Pollution Surveillance Network (NAPS).  10, record 5, English, - nitrate

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 3 OBS

Chemical formula: NO₃^-  10, record 5, English, - nitrate

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Composé minéral formant un sel ou un ester de l'acide nitrique.  5, record 5, French, - nitrate

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les nitrates sont toxiques pour l'organisme humain qui les réduit en ions nitrite par une réaction enzymatique. [...] Équilibrer l'équation de la demi-réaction de réduction des ions nitrate [NO₃^- en ions nitrite [NO₂^-: [...]  6, record 5, French, - nitrate

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Certains nitrates, comme le sel de potassium (salpêtre) et surtout le sel de sodium (nitrate du Chili), existent dans la nature. Les autres sont préparés artificiellement à partir de l'acide nitrique, ou, en même temps que les nitrites, par action du dioxyde d'azote synthétique sur un alcali ou un carbonate [...]. C'est essentiellement sous forme d'ion nitrate que l'azote est absorbé par les plantes. Comme l'azote influence très fortement la croissance des végétaux, les nitrates jouent comme engrais un rôle très important [...]  7, record 5, French, - nitrate

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 OBS

[...] les nitrates de potassium et de sodium sont [...] utilisés comme agents conservateurs [des denrées alimentaires].  8, record 5, French, - nitrate

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 3 OBS

nitrate : forme recommandée par l'UICPA (Union internationale de chimie pure et appliquée) pour le nom systématique correspondant au numéro CAS indiqué sur la présente fiche; terme retenu par Environnement Canada, utilisé dans la liste des polluants mesurés par le Réseau national de surveillance de la pollution atmosphérique (RNSPA).  5, record 5, French, - nitrate

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 4 OBS

Formule chimique : NO₃^-  5, record 5, French, - nitrate

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Cada una de las sales o esteres del ácido nítrico.  2, record 5, Spanish, - nitrato

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Las sales alcalinas se emplean como fertilizantes. El triester de la glicerina (nitroglicerina) y, en general, los esteres de compuestos polihidroxilados se usan como explosivos.  2, record 5, Spanish, - nitrato

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Fórmula química : NO₃^-  3, record 5, Spanish, - nitrato

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Any coenzyme that mediates the transfer of hydrogen ions by alternating between an oxidized and a reduced form.  2, record 6, English, - hydrogen%20carrier

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The most important carriers of hydrogen in catabolic reactions [are] NADH and NAD+.... The part of the NAD+ molecule known as the nicotinamide ring is able to accept a hydrogen atom together with an additional electron(a hydride ion, H-), forming NADH. In this reduced form, the nicotinamide ring has a reduced stability because it is no longer stabilized by resonance. As a result, the added hydride ion is easily transferred to other molecules. In the biological oxidation of a substrate molecule such as an alcohol, two hydrogen atoms are lost from the substrate. One of these is added as a hydride ion to NAD+, producing NADH, while the other is released into solution as a proton(H+)  3, record 6, English, - hydrogen%20carrier

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Toute coenzyme pouvant exister sous forme oxydée ou sous forme réduite, qui intervient dans les réactions couplées d'hydrogénation et de déshydrogénation. Les principaux transporteurs d'hydrogène sont le NAD, le NADP et le FAD.  1, record 6, French, - transporteur%20d%27hydrog%C3%A8ne

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[One of the] elements with an affinity for oxygen-containing compounds, particularly silicate mineral, and possessing ionic radii larger than most common rock-forming elements.  6, record 7, English, - large%2Dion%20lithophile%20element

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Large-ion lithophile elements (LILE) are present at variable but high concentrations (e.g., Ba = 62-1920 ppm, Sr = 176-2567 ppm) relative to most high field strength element (HFSE) abundances (e.g., Y = 10-37 ppm, Zr = 8-421 ppm), and light rare-earth elements (LREE) have much higher concentrations than heavy rare-earth elements (HREE) (La/Lu = 24-330).  7, record 7, English, - large%2Dion%20lithophile%20element

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The ratios between moderately volatile large ion lithophile(LIL) elements, such as K and Rb, and refractory LIL elements, such as Th, U, and the LREE are very important constraints on models for the origin and chemical composition of the primitive mantles of planets...  8, record 7, English, - large%2Dion%20lithophile%20element

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

large-ion lithophile element; LILE: term and abbreviation used at Natural Resources Canada - Earth Sciences Sector.  9, record 7, English, - large%2Dion%20lithophile%20element

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les éléments lithophiles à grand rayon ionique apparaissent en concentrations variables mais élevées (ex., Ba = 62-1920 ppm, Sr = 176-2567 ppm), comparativement aux concentrations des éléments à forte intensité de champ (ex., Y = 10-37 ppm, Zr = 8-421 ppm), et les éléments à terre rare légère sont beaucoup plus abondants que les éléments à terre rare lourde (La/Lu = 24-330).  6, record 7, French, - %C3%A9l%C3%A9ment%20lithophile%20%C3%A0%20grand%20rayon%20ionique

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

élément lithophile à grand rayon ionique; élément lithophile de grand diamètre ionique : termes en usage à Ressources naturelles Canada - Secteur des sciences de la Terre.  7, record 7, French, - %C3%A9l%C3%A9ment%20lithophile%20%C3%A0%20grand%20rayon%20ionique

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Both sodium and potassium ions are found in living tissue. They take part in many enzyme actions. In plants, the potassium ion is an important cation. Plants selectively absorb this ion from the soil.  4, record 8, English, - cation%20of%20potassium

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 2 CONT

In higher animals potassium ions (K+) together with sodium ions act at cell membranes in transmitting electrochemical impulses in nerve and muscle fibres and in balancing the activity of food intake and waste removal from cells.  5, record 8, English, - cation%20of%20potassium

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Every cation is necessarily an ion; an ion must be either a cation or an ion.  2, record 8, English, - cation%20of%20potassium

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Chemical formula: K⁺  2, record 8, English, - cation%20of%20potassium

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Toutes les mers du globe renferment le cation potassium K+, mais la teneur (0,05 p. 100) est très inférieure à celle de son homologue Na+. Malgré sa dilution dans l'eau de mer, K+ peut être extrait industriellement par précipitation de sels peu solubles avec des réactifs tels que la dipicrylamine  3, record 8, French, - cation%20potassium%20K

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

pluriel : des ions potassium et des cations potassium.  2, record 8, French, - cation%20potassium%20K

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Formule chimique : K⁺  2, record 8, French, - cation%20potassium%20K

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The performance of all the Voyager Workstations is improved by addition of our proprietary Delayed Extraction(DE) technology. By introducing a time delay between ionization of the sample and extraction of the ion from the source, adduct ions can be separated from the ion of interest prior to entry into the flight tube. This is especially important for analysis of oligonucleotides and glycoproteins, which tend to bind to matrix molecules. The effect is a reduction in chemical noise. Higher signal-to-noise ratios are achieved along with greatly improved resolution.  3, record 9, English, - delayed%20extraction%20technology

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le développement de la technologie d'extraction retardée (DE: delayed extraction) permet d'étendre le champs d'application de la SM [spectrométrie de masse] fondée sur l'utilisation des technique MALDI-TV.  1, record 9, French, - technologie%20d%27extraction%20retard%C3%A9e

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Dans le Technoscope : Étude des macromolécules par la spectrométrie de masse.  2, record 9, French, - technologie%20d%27extraction%20retard%C3%A9e

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Both the positive ions and the free electrons can be made to drift in a preferred direction by applying an external electric field. It is the movement of these charges that serves as the basis for the electrical signal produced by the important category of gas-filled detectors that includes ion chambers, proportional counters, and Geiger-Müller detectors.  2, record 10, English, - gas%2Dfilled%20detector

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les chambres à fission sont des détecteurs remplis de gaz dont les parois internes sont recouvertes d'une fine couche (de l'ordre du mg/cm² au plus) d'uranium enrichi en 235U, en général, ou, plus rarement, d'autres actinides (notamment du plutonium).  1, record 10, French, - d%C3%A9tecteur%20rempli%20de%20gaz

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Neutron supermirrors have become important devices for transporting, bending, and focusing neutron beams. For the production of these devices, an ion beam sputtering(IBS) apparatus with an effective deposition area whose diameter is 500 mm has been installed in the Japan Atomic Energy Agency.  1, record 11, English, - neutron%20supermirror

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La technique des supermiroirs permet de fabriquer des monochromateurs fixes pour les très grandes longueurs d'onde. Les supermiroirs peuvent être polarisants.  2, record 11, French, - supermiroir%20%C3%A0%20neutrons

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... the Canada Customs and Revenue Agency is responsible for targeting and examining all the containers that arrive at Canada's ports, regardless of the container's ultimate destination. Canadian targeters perform an intensive examination of ships’ manifests, bills of lading, and other important documents to identify high-risk containers for examination. Dedicated Container and Pier examination teams perform examinations using the latest contraband technology, including x-ray and ion mobility spectrometers.  1, record 12, English, - targeter

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] l'Agence des douanes et du revenu du Canada a la responsabilité de cibler et d'examiner tous les conteneurs arrivant dans les ports du Canada, quelle que soit leur destination finale. Les cibleurs canadiens examinent minutieusement les manifestes de navires, les connaissements et d'autres documents importants pour identifier les conteneurs à risque élevé qu'il faut examiner. Des équipes affectées à l'examen des conteneurs et des quais effectuent des examens au moyen de la plus récente technologie de détection de contrebande, y compris des appareils de radiographie et des spectromètres de mobilité ionique.  1, record 12, French, - cibleur

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A resin that holds and swaps only anions. Anion resins contain hydroxyl ions (OH-) to remove negatively-charged, dissolved ionic contaminants such as carbonates, bicarbonates, sulfates, nitrates and silica.  5, record 13, English, - anion%20exchange%20resin

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Other important applications of ion exchange are water softening and... demineralization... [in which] all ionic impurities contained in water are removed by exchange for hydrogen and hydroxyl ions during passage of the water successively through cation-and anion-exchange resins in the acid and base form.  6, record 13, English, - anion%20exchange%20resin

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Résine qui échange uniquement les anions.  3, record 13, French, - r%C3%A9sine%20%C3%A9changeuse%20d%27anions

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les échangeurs d'ions [...] [utilisés] dans l'adoucissement des eaux [...] sont maintenant constitués par des résines synthétiques. Ces résines échangeuses de cations et d'anions sont des composés organiques, de structure macro-ionique [...]. C'est ainsi qu'une eau naturelle contenant des impuretés ioniques [...] échange, en passant sur ces résines, les ions qu'elle renferme contre des ions H- ou OH- lesquels se combinent en donnant de l'eau; celle-ci se trouve donc purifiée (désionisée).  4, record 13, French, - r%C3%A9sine%20%C3%A9changeuse%20d%27anions

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Separa aniones de una solución intercambiándolos por iones oxhidrilo.  3, record 13, Spanish, - resina%20de%20intercambio%20ani%C3%B3nico

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Para que el intercambio iónico resulte económico en el tratamiento avanzado de aguas residuales, convendrá utilizar productos regeneradores y restauradores que eliminen tanto los aniones inorgánicos como el material orgánico de la resina agotada. Los restauradores físicos y químicos, cuya aplicación en la separación de materias orgánicas de resina se ha realizado con éxito, son hidróxido de sodio, ácido clorhídrico, metanol y bentonita.  1, record 13, Spanish, - resina%20de%20intercambio%20ani%C3%B3nico

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 2 CONT

El efluente del intercambiador catiónico se hace pasar a continuación, sobre una resina de intercambio aniónico, donde los aniones se sustituyen por iones de hidroxilo.  1, record 13, Spanish, - resina%20de%20intercambio%20ani%C3%B3nico

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Organometallic complex catalysts tend to be highly active, specific, and selective, and may resist poisoning better than heterogeneous systems. The catalytic center may have two metal sites. Organometallic catalysts have a central transition-metal atom or ion bonded to molecules known as ligands which form a polyhedron around the metal. The nature of the metal and ligands critically influences the electronic structure of the complex. The coordination bonding properties of the metal are a key feature of the catalytic complexes. Important reactions of catalyst complexes are ligand exchange, oxidative addition, and the insertion reaction.  1, record 14, English, - organometallic%20catalyst

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... important applications of ion exchange are water softening and... demineralization... [in which] all ionic impurities contained in water are removed by exchange for hydrogen and hydroxyl ions during passage of the water successively through cation-and anion-exchange resins in the acid and base form.  2, record 15, English, - exchange%20resin

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les échangeurs d'ions [...] [utilisés] dans l'adoucissement des eaux [...] sont maintenant constitués par des résines synthétiques. Ces résines échangeuses de cations et d'anions sont des composés organiques, de structure macro-ionique [...]  2, record 15, French, - r%C3%A9sine%20%C3%A9changeuse

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The ammonium ion(NH4+) in rain and snow tends to increase the pH. In coastal areas sea spray may contribute significantly to the chemistry of precipitation. Here the important ions added are the ones most abundant in seawater, namely the cations Na+ and Mg+(sodium and magnesium), the anion Cl-(chloride) and to a lesser extent cations ion of calcium and potassium(Ca++, K+) and anions of sulfate(SO4--).  1, record 16, English, - important%20ion

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish