TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Patent trolls are... entities, including individuals and companies, that collect patents for the purpose of extracting high licensing fees from unsuspecting entrepreneurs and companies in the fields of technology and business.... A classic "trolling" situation is one in which a troll obtains a patent covering a small improvement on an existing technology and then obtains claims that seemingly encompass more than the small improvement. The troll then investigates the relevant industry and finds companies whose activities are arguably within the scope of the patent claims and then threatens the companies either to pay licensing fees or be sued for infringement.  2, record 1, English, - patent%20troll

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Personne physique ou morale sans activité productive qui acquiert des brevets à seule fin d'obtenir des indemnités de la part d'exploitants intéressés par ces brevets en les menaçant d'une action en contrefaçon.  1, record 1, French, - accapareur%20de%20brevets

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

accapareur de brevets; accapareuse de brevets : désignations et définition publiées au Journal officiel de la République française le 19 décembre 2025.  3, record 1, French, - accapareur%20de%20brevets

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

A patent which covers an invention forming a necessary adjunct to the practicing of a subsequent invention. A common example occurs with the invention of an improvement to a patented invention previously conceived.  1, record 2, English, - dominating%20patent

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Brevet couvrant une invention indispensable à la mise en œuvre d'une invention ultérieure. Un exemple classique est celui d'une invention brevetée à laquelle une invention ultérieure apporte une amélioration, propriété industrielle.  1, record 2, French, - brevet%20dominant

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Any person who has invented any improvement on any patented invention may obtain a patent for the improvement...  1, record 3, English, - improvement

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Quiconque est l’auteur d’un perfectionnement à une invention brevetée peut obtenir un brevet pour ce perfectionnement.  1, record 3, French, - perfectionnement

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A patent granted for one of the following types of inventions: a process, a machine, a manufacture, or a composition of matter (such as a new chemical).  2, record 4, English, - utility%20patent

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In general, a utility patent protects the way an invention is used and works. Utility patents may be granted to anyone who invents a new and useful method, process, machine, device, manufactured item, or chemical compound-or any new and useful improvement to the same.  3, record 4, English, - utility%20patent

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Un brevet d'utilité est délivré par le gouvernement à toute personne qui invente ou découvre tout procédé nouveau et utile, la machine, l'article de fabrication, ou composition de matières, ou toute amélioration nouvelle et utile de ceux-ci.  2, record 4, French, - brevet%20d%27utilit%C3%A9

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Les brevets d'utilité sont les mieux adaptés pour les inventions fonctionnels, tels que des dispositifs, des outils, ou des inventions avec des composants électriques ou mécaniques.  3, record 4, French, - brevet%20d%27utilit%C3%A9

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A modification of something previously known, as distinguished from a basic patent.  4, record 5, English, - patent%20of%20improvement

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La clause selon laquelle le licencié est tenu de céder au donneur de licence ses droits découlant de brevets de perfectionnement ou d'application de l'invention concédée est interdite par le règlement.  3, record 5, French, - brevet%20de%20perfectionnement

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

In 1960, a small group of Canadians gathered to explore the possibility of forming a Canadian registry for purebred felines. Before this event, all registrations had to be filed in the United States or Europe and all cat shows held in Canada were held under the rules of American associations. The intent of the founding members is expressed in the Letters Patent of the Association : To promote the welfare of all the cats in Canada, to further the improvement of all breeds of cats in Canada and to maintain a registry of purebred cats.  1, record 6, English, - Canadian%20Cat%20Association

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

En 1960, un petit groupe d'éleveurs canadiens se rassemblaient pour explorer la possibilité de former une association féline pour gérer la félinophilie au Canada et pour créer un Livre d'origine pour les chats de race pure. Auparavant, toutes les demandes d'enregistrements devaient être acheminées aux États-Unis ou en Europe et toutes les expositions félines présentées au Canada étaient tenues sous l'égide d'associations américaines et selon leurs règlements. Les buts que se proposaient les membres fondateurs sont bien énoncés dans les lettres patentes de l'association : promouvoir le bien-être de tous les chats au Canada, améliorer les races félines et tenir un registre des origines félines.  1, record 6, French, - Association%20f%C3%A9line%20canadienne

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Industry Canada. The Marketplace Framework Policy Branch(MFPB) has the primary responsibility at Industry Canada for the development and coordination of marketplace framework policies in the areas of corporate and insolvency law policy and intellectual property(IP) policy(including patent law and copyright law). The Branch plays an important role in support of departmental and government priorities by ensuring that Canada's IP and corporate and insolvency regimes create the conditions for entrepreneurship, innovation, investment and competitiveness, while promoting the public interest. These objectives will be achieved by assessing the need for legislative, regulatory and policy improvement; monitoring domestic and international developments; undertaking research and consulting with stakeholders; facilitating the legislative process and working to enhance public and stakeholder understanding; and by participating in international discussions and negotiations in its area of responsibility.  1, record 7, English, - Marketplace%20Framework%20Policy%20Branch

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Industrie Canada. C'est à la Direction générale des politiques-cadres du marché (DGPCM) qu'incombe tout d'abord la responsabilité, à Industrie Canada, d'élaborer et de coordonner les politiques d'encadrement du marché en ce qui concerne la politique du droit des sociétés et de l'insolvabilité et la politique de la propriété intellectuelle (y compris le droit des brevets et la législation du droit d'auteur). La Direction générale joue un rôle important à l'appui des priorités ministérielles et gouvernementales en assurant que les régimes de PI, d'entreprise et d'insolvabilité soient propices à l'entrepreneuriat, à l'innovation, à l'investissement et à la concurrence tout en favorisant l'intérêt public. Elle atteindra ces objectifs par les moyens suivants : évaluer la nécessité d'améliorer les lois, les règlements et les politiques; suivre l'évolution de la situation nationale et internationale; réaliser des études et consulter les intervenants; faciliter le processus législatif et s'efforcer d'éclairer le public et les intervenants; et participer à des pourparlers et à des négociations internationales dans les domaines qui relèvent de ses compétences.  1, record 7, French, - Direction%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale%20des%20politiques%2Dcadres%20du%20march%C3%A9

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Anyone who “invents or discovers any new and useful process, machine, manufacture, or composition of matter, or any new and useful improvement thereof, may obtain a patent, ” subject to the requirements and conditions set forth in the law.  2, record 8, English, - useful%20improvement

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Dans le cas des inventions de perfectionnement, la technologie est en principe licenciée dans le seul domaine qui a fait l'objet du perfectionnement utile.  2, record 8, French, - perfectionnement%20utile

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Any person who has invented any improvement on any patented invention may obtain a patent for the improvement, but he does not thereby obtain the right of making, vending or using the original invention, nor does the patent for the original invention confer the right of making, vending or using the patented improvement.  1, record 9, English, - patented%20improvement

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Quiconque est l'auteur d'un perfectionnement à une invention brevetée peut obtenir un brevet pour ce perfectionnement. Il n'obtient pas de ce fait le droit de fabriquer, de vendre ou d'exploiter l'objet de l'invention originale, et le brevet couvrant l'invention originale ne confère pas non plus le droit de fabriquer, de vendre ou d'exploiter l'objet du perfectionnement breveté.  1, record 9, French, - perfectionnement%20brevet%C3%A9

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La vedette anglaise et son équivalent sont tirés de la Loi sur les brevets, L.R. (1985), chapitre P- 4, art. 32.  1, record 9, French, - perfectionnement%20brevet%C3%A9

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

... an agreement that provides for the licensing of a patent by one patent owner in return for a license under a different patent owned by another.  1, record 10, English, - cross%20license

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Cross Licenses... Such a license sometimes becomes an economic necessity where neither party is willing to sell or assign its patent to the other but also neither party can make, use or sell its patented invention to its best commercial advantage without the benefit of the other party's patent. Therefore the owners of the patents will cross-license each other for the right to use each other's patent. Cross licenses are most often made between owners of "interfering" or "blocking" patents. Such interfering or blocking patents cover different aspects of the same invention. For example, if a basic patent is owned by one party and an improvement patent on the same invention is owned by another party, a cross license is warranted because the parties must have the benefit of both patents in order to practice the improvement to its best commercial advantage.  1, record 10, English, - cross%20license

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

to give license to another to use a patent or invention in return for a similar license.  1, record 11, English, - cross%2Dlicense

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Cross licenses are most often made between owners of "interfering" or "blocking" patents. Such interfering or blocking patents cover different aspects of the same invention. For example, if a basic patent is owned by one party and an improvement patent on the same invention is owned by another party, a cross license is warranted because the parties must have the benefit of both patents in order to practice the improvement to its best commercial advantage. Also, inventor A may obtain a patent on item X. Inventor B may obtain a patent on item Y. Both A and B may realize that items X and Y in combination with a third item, Z, which may be in the public domain, constitute a new and useful combination, XYZ. Therefore, A and B may cross-license each other to make, use, and sell each other's patented invention so that they both can produce XYZ without incurring any liability for infringement of each other's patent.  2, record 11, English, - cross%2Dlicense

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish