TERMIUM Plus®
From: Translation Bureau
On social media
Consult the Government of Canada’s terminology data bank.
INCANDESCENT LAMP [33 records]
Record 1 - internal organization data 2023-03-08
Record 1, English
Record 1, Subject field(s)
- Atmospheric Physics
- Optics
Record 1, Main entry term, English
- meteorological optical range
1, record 1, English, meteorological%20optical%20range
correct
Record 1, Abbreviations, English
- MOR 2, record 1, English, MOR
correct
Record 1, Synonyms, English
Record 1, Textual support, English
Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT
The meteorological optical range is the length of path in the atmosphere required to reduce the luminous flux in a collimated beam from an incandescent lamp, at a colour temperature of 2700 K, to 5% of its original value, the luminous flux being evaluated by means of the photometric luminosity function of the International Commission on Illumination(CIE). 3, record 1, English, - meteorological%20optical%20range
Record 1, French
Record 1, Domaine(s)
- Physique de l'atmosphère
- Optique
Record 1, Main entry term, French
- portée optique météorologique
1, record 1, French, port%C3%A9e%20optique%20m%C3%A9t%C3%A9orologique
correct, feminine noun
Record 1, Abbreviations, French
- POM 1, record 1, French, POM
correct, feminine noun
Record 1, Synonyms, French
Record 1, Textual support, French
Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT
La portée optique météorologique ou POM, actuellement communiquée aux usagers aéronautiques, est la visibilité au sens météorologique. Elle caractérise l'atmosphère et est une mesure de sa transparence. Elle ne dépend pas de l'alternance jour/nuit et ne fait pas intervenir la détection de sources lumineuses. C'est une visibilité par contraste. Elle est mesurée par un diffusomètre ou estimée par un observateur à partir de la distance connue de repères non lumineux autour du lieu d'observation. 2, record 1, French, - port%C3%A9e%20optique%20m%C3%A9t%C3%A9orologique
Record 1, Spanish
Record 1, Campo(s) temático(s)
- Física de la atmósfera
- Óptica
Record 1, Main entry term, Spanish
- alcance óptico meteorológico
1, record 1, Spanish, alcance%20%C3%B3ptico%20meteorol%C3%B3gico
masculine noun
Record 1, Abbreviations, Spanish
Record 1, Synonyms, Spanish
Record 1, Textual support, Spanish
Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Dentro de la atmósfera, la distancia necesaria para reducir el flujo luminoso en un haz de rayos luminosos paralelos de una lámpara incandescente con una temperatura cromática de 2700 K, a 0,05 de su valor inicial. 1, record 1, Spanish, - alcance%20%C3%B3ptico%20meteorol%C3%B3gico
Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS
El flujo luminoso se evalúa según la función fotópica de la luminosidad de la Comisión Internacional del Alumbrado (CIE). 1, record 1, Spanish, - alcance%20%C3%B3ptico%20meteorol%C3%B3gico
Record 2 - external organization data 2023-02-02
Record 2, English
Record 2, Subject field(s)
- Compartment - National Occupational Classification (NOC)
Record 2, Main entry term, English
- incandescent lamp making inspector
1, record 2, English, incandescent%20lamp%20making%20inspector
correct
Record 2, Abbreviations, English
Record 2, Synonyms, English
Record 2, French
Record 2, Domaine(s)
- Tiroir – Classification nationale des professions (CNP)
Record 2, Main entry term, French
- contrôleur de la fabrication de lampes à incandescence
1, record 2, French, contr%C3%B4leur%20de%20la%20fabrication%20de%20lampes%20%C3%A0%20incandescence
correct, masculine noun
Record 2, Abbreviations, French
Record 2, Synonyms, French
- contrôleuse de la fabrication de lampes à incandescence 1, record 2, French, contr%C3%B4leuse%20de%20la%20fabrication%20de%20lampes%20%C3%A0%20incandescence
correct, feminine noun
- contrôleur de la fabrication de lampes électriques à incandescence 1, record 2, French, contr%C3%B4leur%20de%20la%20fabrication%20de%20lampes%20%C3%A9lectriques%20%C3%A0%20incandescence
correct, masculine noun
- contrôleuse de la fabrication de lampes électriques à incandescence 1, record 2, French, contr%C3%B4leuse%20de%20la%20fabrication%20de%20lampes%20%C3%A9lectriques%20%C3%A0%20incandescence
correct, feminine noun
Record 2, Textual support, French
Record 2, Spanish
Record 2, Textual support, Spanish
Record 3 - internal organization data 2017-07-13
Record 3, English
Record 3, Subject field(s)
- Lamps
Record 3, Main entry term, English
- festoon lamp
1, record 3, English, festoon%20lamp
correct, officially approved
Record 3, Abbreviations, English
Record 3, Synonyms, English
Record 3, Textual support, English
Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF
A small incandescent or discharge(negative glow) lamp with a tubular bulb having an SV cap [or base] at each end. 2, record 3, English, - festoon%20lamp
Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS
festoon lamp: term officially approved by the Lexicon Project Committee (New Brunswick). 3, record 3, English, - festoon%20lamp
Record 3, French
Record 3, Domaine(s)
- Lampes
Record 3, Main entry term, French
- lampe navette
1, record 3, French, lampe%20navette
correct, feminine noun, officially approved
Record 3, Abbreviations, French
Record 3, Synonyms, French
Record 3, Textual support, French
Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Petite lampe à incandescence ou à lueur, à ampoule tubulaire, munie à chacune de ses extrémités d'un culot SV. 2, record 3, French, - lampe%20navette
Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS
lampe navette : terme uniformisé par le Comité du projet de lexiques (Nouveau-Brunswick). 3, record 3, French, - lampe%20navette
Record 3, Spanish
Record 3, Textual support, Spanish
Record 4 - internal organization data 2016-03-07
Record 4, English
Record 4, Subject field(s)
- Photography
Record 4, Main entry term, English
- studio light 1, record 4, English, studio%20light
Record 4, Abbreviations, English
Record 4, Synonyms, English
Record 4, Textual support, English
Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS
--powerful incandescent lamp for inside photography. 1, record 4, English, - studio%20light
Record 4, French
Record 4, Domaine(s)
- Photographie
Record 4, Main entry term, French
- lampe studio 1, record 4, French, lampe%20studio
Record 4, Abbreviations, French
Record 4, Synonyms, French
Record 4, Textual support, French
Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS
-- lampe à incandescence à grande puissance d'éclairage, pour la photographie en studio. 1, record 4, French, - lampe%20studio
Record 4, Spanish
Record 4, Textual support, Spanish
Record 5 - internal organization data 2015-03-18
Record 5, English
Record 5, Subject field(s)
- Lighting (Construction)
Record 5, Main entry term, English
- cove lighting
1, record 5, English, cove%20lighting
correct
Record 5, Abbreviations, English
Record 5, Synonyms, English
Record 5, Textual support, English
Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Indirect interior lighting from incandescent or fluorescent lamp concealed in a reflecting trough near the ceiling. 2, record 5, English, - cove%20lighting
Record 5, French
Record 5, Domaine(s)
- Éclairage (Construction)
Record 5, Main entry term, French
- éclairage indirect par corniches
1, record 5, French, %C3%A9clairage%20indirect%20par%20corniches
correct, masculine noun
Record 5, Abbreviations, French
Record 5, Synonyms, French
- éclairage indirect par corniches lumineuses 1, record 5, French, %C3%A9clairage%20indirect%20par%20corniches%20lumineuses
correct, masculine noun
- éclairage en corniche 2, record 5, French, %C3%A9clairage%20en%20corniche
correct, masculine noun
Record 5, Textual support, French
Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Éclairages indirects par corniches et coupoles. [...] L'éclairage indirect est obtenu au moyen de corniches ou de coupoles. 1, record 5, French, - %C3%A9clairage%20indirect%20par%20corniches
Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS
La corniche ne doit pas être trop près du plafond, sinon il est très difficile d'obtenir sur celui-ci une uniformité suffisante. [...] Dans le sens de la longueur, l'uniformité résulte d'une interdistance convenable des foyers lumineux à l'intérieur de la gorge [...] 1, record 5, French, - %C3%A9clairage%20indirect%20par%20corniches
Record 5, Key term(s)
- éclairage par corniches lumineuses
Record 5, Spanish
Record 5, Textual support, Spanish
Record 6 - internal organization data 2015-03-12
Record 6, English
Record 6, Subject field(s)
- Lamps
Record 6, Main entry term, English
- heat lamp
1, record 6, English, heat%20lamp
correct
Record 6, Abbreviations, English
Record 6, Synonyms, English
- infra-red lamp 2, record 6, English, infra%2Dred%20lamp
correct
- infrared lamp 3, record 6, English, infrared%20lamp
correct
- infrared heat lamp 4, record 6, English, infrared%20heat%20lamp
Record 6, Textual support, English
Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF
A high-power incandescent lamp operating at a lower filament temperature than a lamp used for illumination and yielding a large percentage of infrared radiation. 3, record 6, English, - heat%20lamp
Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Infrared lamps have many uses ... Paint drying ... Evaporative drying ... Farm heating of animals ... Food ... Comfort heating ... Other uses [as] ... therapeutic heating of portions of the body ..., tobacco drying ... 5, record 6, English, - heat%20lamp
Record 6, French
Record 6, Domaine(s)
- Lampes
Record 6, Main entry term, French
- lampe à rayons infrarouges
1, record 6, French, lampe%20%C3%A0%20rayons%20infrarouges
correct, feminine noun
Record 6, Abbreviations, French
Record 6, Synonyms, French
- lampe à rayons infra-rouges 2, record 6, French, lampe%20%C3%A0%20rayons%20infra%2Drouges
feminine noun
- lampe à rayonnement infrarouge 3, record 6, French, lampe%20%C3%A0%20rayonnement%20infrarouge
correct, feminine noun
- lampe infrarouge 4, record 6, French, lampe%20infrarouge
correct, feminine noun
- émetteur à rayonnement infrarouge 5, record 6, French, %C3%A9metteur%20%C3%A0%20rayonnement%20infrarouge
correct, masculine noun
- émetteur infrarouge 5, record 6, French, %C3%A9metteur%20infrarouge
correct, masculine noun
- lampe calorique 2, record 6, French, lampe%20calorique
feminine noun
Record 6, Textual support, French
Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Lampe incandescente qui dégage une chaleur intense. 6, record 6, French, - lampe%20%C3%A0%20rayons%20infrarouges
Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS
[...] il ne faut pas confondre «heat lamp» (à rayons infra-rouges) et «sun lamp» (à rayons ultra-violets) qu'on traduit généralement par «lampe solaire». 2, record 6, French, - lampe%20%C3%A0%20rayons%20infrarouges
Record 6, Spanish
Record 6, Textual support, Spanish
Record 7 - internal organization data 2013-08-30
Record 7, English
Record 7, Subject field(s)
- Lighting
Record 7, Main entry term, English
- white light LED
1, record 7, English, white%20light%20LED
correct
Record 7, Abbreviations, English
Record 7, Synonyms, English
- white light light-emitting diode 2, record 7, English, white%20light%20light%2Demitting%20diode
correct
Record 7, Textual support, English
Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT
The LED [light-emitting diode] segment of the market is growing and is believed to be the technology of the future for lighting; efficient, long-life white light LEDs in convenient packages, such as a medium screw base lamp module, could replace traditional incandescent lamps. 1, record 7, English, - white%20light%20LED
Record number: 7, Textual support number: 2 CONT
The white light light-emitting diode (LED) that promises to revolutionize indoor lighting while dramatically lowering electricity costs had been confounded by the so-called "green gap": the inability to develop light in the green spectrum that can be combined with red and blue to produce white light. 2, record 7, English, - white%20light%20LED
Record 7, French
Record 7, Domaine(s)
- Éclairage
Record 7, Main entry term, French
- DEL à lumière blanche
1, record 7, French, DEL%20%C3%A0%20lumi%C3%A8re%20blanche
correct, feminine noun
Record 7, Abbreviations, French
Record 7, Synonyms, French
- diode électroluminescente à lumière blanche 2, record 7, French, diode%20%C3%A9lectroluminescente%20%C3%A0%20lumi%C3%A8re%20blanche
correct, feminine noun
Record 7, Textual support, French
Record 7, Key term(s)
- diode électro-luminescente à lumière blanche
Record 7, Spanish
Record 7, Textual support, Spanish
Record 8 - internal organization data 2013-05-03
Record 8, English
Record 8, Subject field(s)
- Illumination Engineering
Record 8, Main entry term, English
- hydrargyrum medium-arc iodide technology 1, record 8, English, hydrargyrum%20medium%2Darc%20iodide%20technology
Record 8, Abbreviations, English
Record 8, Synonyms, English
- arc HMI technology 2, record 8, English, arc%20HMI%20technology
Record 8, Textual support, English
Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT
The light balloon. Solarc ... is a helium filled balloon capable of lighting up to 12 000 square metres ... Four balloon sizes are available ... according to the lighting intensity required, the light being supplied by bulbs of arc HMI technology up to a maximum of 12 kW. The balloon is made of polyester coated with a film of polyurethane or Mylar .... 2, record 8, English, - hydrargyrum%20medium%2Darc%20iodide%20technology
Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS
Hydrargyrum medium-arc iodide, or HMI®, is a mercury-halide gas discharge medium arc-length lamp with a multi-line spectra emission. The name implies that hydrargyrum, an archaic term for Mercury (Hg), is held as a vapour mixed with other rare halides in a quartz-glass envelope with two tungsten-coated electrodes of medium arc separation. Unlike traditional tungsten lighting units, HMI(R)s use ballasts to regulate and supply electricity to the lamp head via a header cable. The lamp operates not by heating a tungsten-based filament, but rather by creating an electrical arc between two electrodes within the bulb that excites the pressurized mercury vapour and provides phenomenal light output with greater efficiency than tungsten-based lighting units. 3, record 8, English, - hydrargyrum%20medium%2Darc%20iodide%20technology
Record number: 8, Textual support number: 2 OBS
History : In the late 1960s German television producers sought out lamp developer OSRAM to create a less expensive replacement for incandescent lights for the film industry. Osram developed and began producing HMI® bulbs at their request. 3, record 8, English, - hydrargyrum%20medium%2Darc%20iodide%20technology
Record number: 8, Textual support number: 3 OBS
HMI®: registered trademark 1, record 8, English, - hydrargyrum%20medium%2Darc%20iodide%20technology
Record 8, French
Record 8, Domaine(s)
- Éclairagisme
Record 8, Main entry term, French
- technologie HMI
1, record 8, French, technologie%20HMI
proposal, feminine noun
Record 8, Abbreviations, French
Record 8, Synonyms, French
- technologie arc HMI 2, record 8, French, technologie%20arc%20HMI
feminine noun
Record 8, Textual support, French
Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Le ballon lumière. Le Solarc [...] est un ballon gonflé à l'hélium capable d'éclairer un espace pouvant couvrir 12 000 mètres carrés [...] Quatre tailles de ballons sont disponibles ... selon la puissance lumineuse désirée qui est fournie par des ampoules à technologie arc HMI avec un maximum de 12 kW. [...] Le ballon est réalisé en tissu polyester recouvert d'un film PU ou Mylar [...] 2, record 8, French, - technologie%20HMI
Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS
Une lampe aux halogénures métalliques ou lampe à décharge à haute pression est une lampe très utilisée pour l'éclairage lors de la prise de vue au cinéma, ainsi que dans les vidéoprojecteurs de forte puissance. Moins courantes en éclairage théâtral, elles envahissent l'éclairage public car leur couleur plaît. On les utilise surtout pour les terrains sportifs, comme les terrains de tennis, badminton, football, hockey, etc. Elles sont aussi très utilisées dans les gymnases et [les] terrains intérieurs. On peut également s'en servir pour éclairer les stationnements, les chantiers de construction et même les routes, en particulier les ponts. Certaines d'entre elles sont connues sous le nom de HMI, acronyme de l'expression allemande «Hydrargyrum mittlere bogenlänge Iod» (traduit en anglais par : «Hydrargyrum medium-arc iodide»), marque déposée de la firme allemande Osram, mais d'autres dénominations existent pour cette même catégorie de lampes, chez Osram (HMP, HTI, HSR par exemple) et chez d'autres constructeurs (MSR, MSD, MSI chez Philips). 3, record 8, French, - technologie%20HMI
Record number: 8, Textual support number: 2 OBS
HMI® : marque déposée 1, record 8, French, - technologie%20HMI
Record 8, Spanish
Record 8, Textual support, Spanish
Record 9 - internal organization data 2011-08-08
Record 9, English
Record 9, Subject field(s)
- Scientific Research Equipment
- Medical and Surgical Equipment
- Biochemistry
Record 9, Main entry term, English
- fixed incandescent lamp
1, record 9, English, fixed%20incandescent%20lamp
correct
Record 9, Abbreviations, English
Record 9, Synonyms, English
Record 9, Textual support, English
Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS
Term(s) taken from a Canadian laboratory-equipment company’s catalogue. 1, record 9, English, - fixed%20incandescent%20lamp
Record 9, French
Record 9, Domaine(s)
- Matériel et équipement (Recherche scientifique)
- Équipement médico-chirurgical
- Biochimie
Record 9, Main entry term, French
- lampe fixe incandescente
1, record 9, French, lampe%20fixe%20incandescente
feminine noun
Record 9, Abbreviations, French
Record 9, Synonyms, French
Record 9, Textual support, French
Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS
Terme(s) tiré(s) du catalogue d'une compagnie canadienne d'équipement de laboratoire. 1, record 9, French, - lampe%20fixe%20incandescente
Record 9, Spanish
Record 9, Textual support, Spanish
Record 10 - internal organization data 2011-06-10
Record 10, English
Record 10, Subject field(s)
- Scientific Research Equipment
- Medical and Surgical Equipment
- Biochemistry
Record 10, Main entry term, English
- adjustable incandescent lamp
1, record 10, English, adjustable%20incandescent%20lamp
correct
Record 10, Abbreviations, English
Record 10, Synonyms, English
Record 10, Textual support, English
Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS
Term(s) taken from a Canadian laboratory-equipment company’s catalogue. 1, record 10, English, - adjustable%20incandescent%20lamp
Record 10, French
Record 10, Domaine(s)
- Matériel et équipement (Recherche scientifique)
- Équipement médico-chirurgical
- Biochimie
Record 10, Main entry term, French
- lampe incandescente réglable
1, record 10, French, lampe%20incandescente%20r%C3%A9glable
feminine noun
Record 10, Abbreviations, French
Record 10, Synonyms, French
Record 10, Textual support, French
Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS
Terme(s) tiré(s) du catalogue d'une compagnie canadienne d'équipement de laboratoire. 1, record 10, French, - lampe%20incandescente%20r%C3%A9glable
Record 10, Spanish
Record 10, Textual support, Spanish
Record 11 - internal organization data 2011-02-16
Record 11, English
Record 11, Subject field(s)
- Lamps
Record 11, Main entry term, English
- incandescent lamp
1, record 11, English, incandescent%20lamp
correct
Record 11, Abbreviations, English
Record 11, Synonyms, English
- incandescent electric lamp 2, record 11, English, incandescent%20electric%20lamp
correct
Record 11, Textual support, English
Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF
An electric lamp that produces light when a metallic filament is heated white-hot in a vacuum by passing an electric current through the filament. 1, record 11, English, - incandescent%20lamp
Record 11, French
Record 11, Domaine(s)
- Lampes
Record 11, Main entry term, French
- lampe à incandescence
1, record 11, French, lampe%20%C3%A0%20incandescence
correct, feminine noun
Record 11, Abbreviations, French
Record 11, Synonyms, French
- lampe électrique à incandescence 2, record 11, French, lampe%20%C3%A9lectrique%20%C3%A0%20incandescence
correct, feminine noun
Record 11, Textual support, French
Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT
La lampe à incandescence est un dispositif qui produit de la lumière par échauffement jusqu’à incandescence d’un filament conducteur parcouru par un courant électrique. L’enveloppe de verre (l’ampoule) permet d’isoler le filament du dioxygène de l’air, au contact duquel il serait détruit par oxydation. 1, record 11, French, - lampe%20%C3%A0%20incandescence
Record 11, Spanish
Record 11, Textual support, Spanish
Record 12 - internal organization data 2004-08-04
Record 12, English
Record 12, Subject field(s)
- Lamps
- Photography
Record 12, Main entry term, English
- photoflood lamp
1, record 12, English, photoflood%20lamp
correct
Record 12, Abbreviations, English
Record 12, Synonyms, English
- photoflood 2, record 12, English, photoflood
correct
Record 12, Textual support, English
Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF
A filament lamp designed to be overrun to give brilliant light (about 36 lumens per watt with colour temperature of 3400 K). 3, record 12, English, - photoflood%20lamp
Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT
[The] photoflood lamp [is an] incandescent lamp of especially high color temperature, often of the reflector type, for lighting objects to be photographed. 4, record 12, English, - photoflood%20lamp
Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS
Typically, the smallest type of photoflood lamp rated at about 275 watts gives a light equivalent to 500 to 250 watts of normally run tungsten filament lamps, and has a burning life of about two or three hours in intermittent use. 3, record 12, English, - photoflood%20lamp
Record 12, French
Record 12, Domaine(s)
- Lampes
- Photographie
Record 12, Main entry term, French
- lampe survoltée
1, record 12, French, lampe%20survolt%C3%A9e
correct, feminine noun
Record 12, Abbreviations, French
Record 12, Synonyms, French
- lampe photoflood 2, record 12, French, lampe%20photoflood
avoid, anglicism, feminine noun
Record 12, Textual support, French
Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Lampe incandescente à filament, dotée d'une grande puissance d'éclairage, employée particulièrement en photographie et pour éclairer les endroits sombres. 3, record 12, French, - lampe%20survolt%C3%A9e
Record 12, Spanish
Record 12, Textual support, Spanish
Record 13 - internal organization data 2004-08-04
Record 13, English
Record 13, Subject field(s)
- Lamps
- Photography
Record 13, Main entry term, English
- overrun lamp
1, record 13, English, overrun%20lamp
correct
Record 13, Abbreviations, English
Record 13, Synonyms, English
Record 13, Textual support, English
Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF
An incandescent filament lamp designed to burn at an appreciably higher temperature(by making the filament carry an appropriately higher current density) than general purpose filament lamps of smaller voltage. 2, record 13, English, - overrun%20lamp
Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS
This increases the light output and colour temperature, but shortens the burning life of the lamp to a few hours. 2, record 13, English, - overrun%20lamp
Record 13, French
Record 13, Domaine(s)
- Lampes
- Photographie
Record 13, Main entry term, French
- lampe survoltée
1, record 13, French, lampe%20survolt%C3%A9e
correct, feminine noun
Record 13, Abbreviations, French
Record 13, Synonyms, French
Record 13, Textual support, French
Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Lampe incandescente à filament conçue pour éclairer à une température nettement supérieure aux lampes à filament courantes dotées d'un faible voltage. 2, record 13, French, - lampe%20survolt%C3%A9e
Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS
Une telle puissance a pour effet cependant d'en écourter la vie utile. 2, record 13, French, - lampe%20survolt%C3%A9e
Record number: 13, Textual support number: 2 OBS
On rencontre aussi le vocable «lampe survoltée» comme équivalent de «photoflood lamp», laquelle est plus spécifiquement une lampe d'un éclairage moyen de 36 lumens par watt employée surtout en photographie. 2, record 13, French, - lampe%20survolt%C3%A9e
Record 13, Spanish
Record 13, Textual support, Spanish
Record 14 - internal organization data 2000-11-24
Record 14, English
Record 14, Subject field(s)
- Lamps
- Electrical Engineering
Record 14, Main entry term, English
- series lamp
1, record 14, English, series%20lamp
correct
Record 14, Abbreviations, English
Record 14, Synonyms, English
Record 14, Textual support, English
Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Incandescent lamp built for use in a group connected in series. 2, record 14, English, - series%20lamp
Record 14, French
Record 14, Domaine(s)
- Lampes
- Électrotechnique
Record 14, Main entry term, French
- lampe série
1, record 14, French, lampe%20s%C3%A9rie
correct, feminine noun
Record 14, Abbreviations, French
Record 14, Synonyms, French
Record 14, Textual support, French
Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Lampe à incandescence conçue de manière à être utilisée en groupe avec montage en série. 2, record 14, French, - lampe%20s%C3%A9rie
Record 14, Key term(s)
- lampe pour montage en série
Record 14, Spanish
Record 14, Textual support, Spanish
Record 15 - internal organization data 2000-11-24
Record 15, English
Record 15, Subject field(s)
- Lamps
- Electrical Engineering
Record 15, Main entry term, English
- tubular lamp
1, record 15, English, tubular%20lamp
correct
Record 15, Abbreviations, English
Record 15, Synonyms, English
Record 15, Textual support, English
Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Incandescent lamp, with a tubular bulb, as a fluorescent tube. 2, record 15, English, - tubular%20lamp
Record 15, French
Record 15, Domaine(s)
- Lampes
- Électrotechnique
Record 15, Main entry term, French
- lampe tubulaire
1, record 15, French, lampe%20tubulaire
correct, feminine noun
Record 15, Abbreviations, French
Record 15, Synonyms, French
Record 15, Textual support, French
Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Lampe à incandescence en forme de tube, comme le tube fluorescent. 2, record 15, French, - lampe%20tubulaire
Record 15, Spanish
Record 15, Textual support, Spanish
Record 16 - internal organization data 2000-11-24
Record 16, English
Record 16, Subject field(s)
- Lamps
- Electrical Engineering
Record 16, Main entry term, English
- self-ballasted mercury lamp
1, record 16, English, self%2Dballasted%20mercury%20lamp
correct, United States
Record 16, Abbreviations, English
Record 16, Synonyms, English
- self-ballasted mercury vapour lamp 2, record 16, English, self%2Dballasted%20mercury%20vapour%20lamp
correct
- self-ballasted mercury vapour lamp 2, record 16, English, self%2Dballasted%20mercury%20vapour%20lamp
correct
- self-ballasted lamp 3, record 16, English, self%2Dballasted%20lamp
correct
- blended lamp 4, record 16, English, blended%20lamp
correct, Great Britain
Record 16, Textual support, English
Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Self-ballasted mercury vapor lamps are designed to operate directly in incandescent sockets, without ballasts or new fixtures. These lamps use a special built-in filament that controls both starting and operating currents. Self-ballasted mercury vapor lamp provide significantly longer lamp life than the incandescent types. 5, record 16, English, - self%2Dballasted%20mercury%20lamp
Record number: 16, Textual support number: 2 CONT
Blended lamps consist of tungsten filament with Mercury discharge tube. The filament produces incandescent light. It can control the current by itself so this lamp doesn’t need ballast. 6, record 16, English, - self%2Dballasted%20mercury%20lamp
Record 16, French
Record 16, Domaine(s)
- Lampes
- Électrotechnique
Record 16, Main entry term, French
- lampe à lumière mixte
1, record 16, French, lampe%20%C3%A0%20lumi%C3%A8re%20mixte
correct, feminine noun
Record 16, Abbreviations, French
Record 16, Synonyms, French
Record 16, Textual support, French
Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Lampe caractérisée par un émetteur à vapeur de mercure et un filament de lampe à incandescence montés en série dans une même ampoule. 2, record 16, French, - lampe%20%C3%A0%20lumi%C3%A8re%20mixte
Record 16, Spanish
Record 16, Textual support, Spanish
Record 17 - internal organization data 2000-11-22
Record 17, English
Record 17, Subject field(s)
- Lamp Components
- Lighting
- Electrical Engineering
Record 17, Main entry term, English
- incandescent lamp coil
1, record 17, English, incandescent%20lamp%20coil
correct
Record 17, Abbreviations, English
Record 17, Synonyms, English
Record 17, Textual support, English
Record 17, French
Record 17, Domaine(s)
- Éléments de lampes
- Éclairage
- Électrotechnique
Record 17, Main entry term, French
- filament de lampe à incandescence
1, record 17, French, filament%20de%20lampe%20%C3%A0%20incandescence
correct, masculine noun
Record 17, Abbreviations, French
Record 17, Synonyms, French
Record 17, Textual support, French
Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Filament de tungstène spiralé servant d'élément dans les lampes à incandescence pour éclairer. 2, record 17, French, - filament%20de%20lampe%20%C3%A0%20incandescence
Record 17, Spanish
Record 17, Textual support, Spanish
Record 18 - internal organization data 2000-11-22
Record 18, English
Record 18, Subject field(s)
- Lamps
- Lighting
- Electrical Engineering
Record 18, Main entry term, English
- incandescent lamp exponent
1, record 18, English, incandescent%20lamp%20exponent
correct
Record 18, Abbreviations, English
Record 18, Synonyms, English
Record 18, Textual support, English
Record 18, French
Record 18, Domaine(s)
- Lampes
- Éclairage
- Électrotechnique
Record 18, Main entry term, French
- exposant de lampe à incandescence
1, record 18, French, exposant%20de%20lampe%20%C3%A0%20incandescence
correct, masculine noun
Record 18, Abbreviations, French
Record 18, Synonyms, French
Record 18, Textual support, French
Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Exposant de la puissance du rapport voltage nominal/voltage réel pour obtenir le rapport durée réelle/durée nominale. 2, record 18, French, - exposant%20de%20lampe%20%C3%A0%20incandescence
Record 18, Spanish
Record 18, Textual support, Spanish
Record 19 - internal organization data 2000-11-20
Record 19, English
Record 19, Subject field(s)
- Lighting
Record 19, Main entry term, English
- depreciation
1, record 19, English, depreciation
correct
Record 19, Abbreviations, English
Record 19, Synonyms, English
Record 19, Textual support, English
Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT
A deficiency of standard incandescent lamps has been lumen depreciation over lamp life. 1, record 19, English, - depreciation
Record 19, French
Record 19, Domaine(s)
- Éclairage
Record 19, Main entry term, French
- dépréciation
1, record 19, French, d%C3%A9pr%C3%A9ciation
correct, feminine noun
Record 19, Abbreviations, French
Record 19, Synonyms, French
Record 19, Textual support, French
Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Réduction de l'efficacité lumineuse en raison du vieillissement de la lampe. 2, record 19, French, - d%C3%A9pr%C3%A9ciation
Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Il faut aussi tenir compte de la durée d'utilisation de l'appareil d'éclairage, de la dépréciation en lumens, du rendu des couleurs, de l'éblouissement et de la lumière totale diffusée par le luminaire. 3, record 19, French, - d%C3%A9pr%C3%A9ciation
Record 19, Spanish
Record 19, Textual support, Spanish
Record 20 - internal organization data 1999-02-10
Record 20, English
Record 20, Subject field(s)
- Lamps
Record 20, Main entry term, English
- bulged reflector incandescent lamp 1, record 20, English, bulged%20reflector%20incandescent%20lamp
Record 20, Abbreviations, English
Record 20, Synonyms, English
Record 20, French
Record 20, Domaine(s)
- Lampes
Record 20, Main entry term, French
- lampe-réflecteur à incandescence à ampoule renflée
1, record 20, French, lampe%2Dr%C3%A9flecteur%20%C3%A0%20incandescence%20%C3%A0%20ampoule%20renfl%C3%A9e
feminine noun
Record 20, Abbreviations, French
Record 20, Synonyms, French
Record 20, Textual support, French
Record 20, Key term(s)
- lampe réflecteur à incandescence à ampoule renflée
Record 20, Spanish
Record 20, Textual support, Spanish
Record 21 - internal organization data 1992-06-21
Record 21, English
Record 21, Subject field(s)
- Radio Waves
Record 21, Main entry term, English
- radio-wave bulb
1, record 21, English, radio%2Dwave%20bulb
correct
Record 21, Abbreviations, English
Record 21, Synonyms, English
- radiowave bulb 1, record 21, English, radiowave%20bulb
correct
- E-lamp 1, record 21, English, E%2Dlamp
correct
- electronic lamp 1, record 21, English, electronic%20lamp
correct
Record 21, Textual support, English
Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Inside the radio-wave lamp. An electronic oscillator linked to a small, coiled antenna produces radio waves much like a radio station. Electrons in atoms of mercury vapor absorb the radio waves, which excite the electrons to a higher "energy state". The electrons emit photons, or packets, of invisible ultraviolet light. A phosphor coating on the inside of the bulb absorbs the ultraviolet light, exciting electrons, which then emit visible light. 1, record 21, English, - radio%2Dwave%20bulb
Record number: 21, Textual support number: 2 CONT
Last week a small California company announced that next year, it plans to market the "E-(for electronic) Lamp, "a bulb that will be completely interchangeable with incandescents, use a quarter as much energy-and last a decade or more. The secret is a tiny radio-frequency generator in each bulb, transmitting energy to a surrounding cloud of mercury gas and in turn to the fluorescent coating. There are some 1. 5 billion light sockets in the United States; each incandescent that is replaced by an E-Lamp would save an estimated ton of carbon dioxide from electrical generating stations over the life of the bulb, a small step toward reducing emissions of greenhouse gases. 1, record 21, English, - radio%2Dwave%20bulb
Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS
Since the electronic components last indefinitely, the bulb should fail only when the phosphor deteriorates (or someone knocks the lamp off the table). And instead of burning out with a "pop," the new bulbs will gradually become less bright. Someday lamps and fixtures may have the electronic components built into their base, and consumers will just slip on a cheap, replaceable glass jacket containing the mercury and phosphor. 1, record 21, English, - radio%2Dwave%20bulb
Record 21, French
Record 21, Domaine(s)
- Ondes radioélectriques
Record 21, Main entry term, French
- ampoule électronique
1, record 21, French, ampoule%20%C3%A9lectronique
proposal
Record 21, Abbreviations, French
Record 21, Synonyms, French
- radio-ampoule 1, record 21, French, radio%2Dampoule
proposal
Record 21, Textual support, French
Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS
Ampoule radio-électrique. Voir crayon électronique. 1, record 21, French, - ampoule%20%C3%A9lectronique
Record 21, Spanish
Record 21, Textual support, Spanish
Record 22 - internal organization data 1992-05-29
Record 22, English
Record 22, Subject field(s)
- Landscape Architecture
- Illumination Engineering
Record 22, Main entry term, English
- light source
1, record 22, English, light%20source
correct
Record 22, Abbreviations, English
Record 22, Synonyms, English
Record 22, Textual support, English
Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT
There are two families of light source common to outdoor lighting applications :incandescent filament lamps and electric-discharge lamps. Within each family there is a host of variation in the lamps themselves. These differences result in a wide variety of light color, lamp life, energy efficiency, and suitability for specific uses. 2, record 22, English, - light%20source
Record 22, French
Record 22, Domaine(s)
- Architecture paysagère
- Éclairagisme
Record 22, Main entry term, French
- source lumineuse
1, record 22, French, source%20lumineuse
correct, feminine noun
Record 22, Abbreviations, French
Record 22, Synonyms, French
- point lumineux 2, record 22, French, point%20lumineux
correct, masculine noun
- foyer lumineux 3, record 22, French, foyer%20lumineux
correct, masculine noun
- source de lumière 4, record 22, French, source%20de%20lumi%C3%A8re
feminine noun
Record 22, Textual support, French
Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Une attention particulière doit être apportée à l'éclairage des carrefours. Les sources lumineuses peuvent être des ampoules à incandescence, des tubes ou des ballons fluorescents ou des lampes à vapeur de sodium. 3, record 22, French, - source%20lumineuse
Record number: 22, Textual support number: 2 CONT
Les foyers lumineux des lampadaires ont une puissance de 75 à 1000 W, suivant le degré d'éclairage qu'on veut obtenir [...] 3, record 22, French, - source%20lumineuse
Record number: 22, Textual support number: 3 CONT
Pour réaliser certains effets et pour avoir de fortes puissances (500 W), on utilise des sources lumineuses monochromatiques [...] 5, record 22, French, - source%20lumineuse
Record number: 22, Textual support number: 4 CONT
Le point lumineux monté sur des poteaux de 3 à 6 m [...] 2, record 22, French, - source%20lumineuse
Record 22, Spanish
Record 22, Textual support, Spanish
Record 23 - internal organization data 1987-09-09
Record 23, English
Record 23, Subject field(s)
- Signalling and Illumination (Air Transport)
Record 23, Main entry term, English
- incandescent position lamp 1, record 23, English, incandescent%20position%20lamp
Record 23, Abbreviations, English
Record 23, Synonyms, English
Record 23, Textual support, English
Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 OBS
i.e. of aircraft. ICAO C-47-AN/42, p. 125 1, record 23, English, - incandescent%20position%20lamp
Record 23, French
Record 23, Domaine(s)
- Signalisation (Transport aérien)
Record 23, Main entry term, French
- lampe à incandescence des feux de position
1, record 23, French, lampe%20%C3%A0%20incandescence%20des%20feux%20de%20position
feminine noun
Record 23, Abbreviations, French
Record 23, Synonyms, French
Record 23, Textual support, French
Record 23, Spanish
Record 23, Textual support, Spanish
Record 24 - internal organization data 1987-01-06
Record 24, English
Record 24, Subject field(s)
- Signalling and Illumination (Air Transport)
Record 24, Main entry term, English
- incandescent halogen lamp 1, record 24, English, incandescent%20halogen%20lamp
Record 24, Abbreviations, English
Record 24, Synonyms, English
Record 24, Textual support, English
Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT
... incandescent halogen as well as different high pressure gas discharge lamps are suitable for [apron flood-lighting]. 1, record 24, English, - incandescent%20halogen%20lamp
Record 24, French
Record 24, Domaine(s)
- Signalisation (Transport aérien)
Record 24, Main entry term, French
- lampe à incandescence aux halogènes
1, record 24, French, lampe%20%C3%A0%20incandescence%20aux%20halog%C3%A8nes
feminine noun
Record 24, Abbreviations, French
Record 24, Synonyms, French
Record 24, Textual support, French
Record 24, Spanish
Record 24, Textual support, Spanish
Record 25 - internal organization data 1986-12-08
Record 25, English
Record 25, Subject field(s)
- Lighting (Construction)
Record 25, Main entry term, English
- exit light unit 1, record 25, English, exit%20light%20unit
Record 25, Abbreviations, English
Record 25, Synonyms, English
Record 25, Textual support, English
Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Gymnasium lighting shall be mercury vapour lamp. Do not use incandescent lighting except in exit light units. 1, record 25, English, - exit%20light%20unit
Record 25, French
Record 25, Domaine(s)
- Éclairage (Construction)
Record 25, Main entry term, French
- appareil d'éclairage des sorties
1, record 25, French, appareil%20d%27%C3%A9clairage%20des%20sorties
masculine noun
Record 25, Abbreviations, French
Record 25, Synonyms, French
Record 25, Textual support, French
Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Pour l'éclairage du gymnase, utiliser des lampes à vapeur de mercure. Ne pas utiliser de lampes à incandescence, sauf dans les appareils d'éclairage des sorties. 1, record 25, French, - appareil%20d%27%C3%A9clairage%20des%20sorties
Record 25, Spanish
Record 25, Textual support, Spanish
Record 26 - internal organization data 1986-12-01
Record 26, English
Record 26, Subject field(s)
- Lamps
Record 26, Main entry term, English
- frosted 1, record 26, English, frosted
Record 26, Abbreviations, English
Record 26, Synonyms, English
Record 26, Textual support, English
Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT
lamp incandescent 25 watt 120 volt T-10 bulb style frosted showcase medium screw base 1, record 26, English, - frosted
Record 26, French
Record 26, Domaine(s)
- Lampes
Record 26, Main entry term, French
- dépolie
1, record 26, French, d%C3%A9polie
officially approved
Record 26, Abbreviations, French
Record 26, Synonyms, French
Record 26, Textual support, French
Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT
verre dépoli intérieurement. 1, record 26, French, - d%C3%A9polie
Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 OBS
à partir de dépolissage : action d'enlever au verre des ampoules leur transparence tout en les laissant translucides. 1, record 26, French, - d%C3%A9polie
Record number: 26, Textual support number: 2 OBS
dépolie : terme uniformisé par le CN. 1, record 26, French, - d%C3%A9polie
Record 26, Spanish
Record 26, Textual support, Spanish
Record 27 - internal organization data 1986-12-01
Record 27, English
Record 27, Subject field(s)
- Lamp Components
- Rail Transport
Record 27, Main entry term, English
- terminal base 1, record 27, English, terminal%20base
Record 27, Abbreviations, English
Record 27, Synonyms, English
Record 27, Textual support, English
Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 OBS
lamp incandescent 150 watt 32 volt Par-46 bulb style terminal base End use : cabooses track light. 1, record 27, English, - terminal%20base
Record 27, French
Record 27, Domaine(s)
- Éléments de lampes
- Transport par rail
Record 27, Main entry term, French
- culot à borne
1, record 27, French, culot%20%C3%A0%20borne
masculine noun, officially approved
Record 27, Abbreviations, French
Record 27, Synonyms, French
Record 27, Textual support, French
Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 OBS
culot à borne : terme uniformisé par le CN. 1, record 27, French, - culot%20%C3%A0%20borne
Record 27, Spanish
Record 27, Textual support, Spanish
Record 28 - internal organization data 1986-10-07
Record 28, English
Record 28, Subject field(s)
- General Scientific and Technical Vocabulary
Record 28, Main entry term, English
- incandescent lamp making machinery 1, record 28, English, incandescent%20lamp%20making%20machinery
Record 28, Abbreviations, English
Record 28, Synonyms, English
Record 28, French
Record 28, Domaine(s)
- Vocabulaire technique et scientifique général
Record 28, Main entry term, French
- machine à fabriquer des lampes à incandescence
1, record 28, French, machine%20%C3%A0%20fabriquer%20des%20lampes%20%C3%A0%20incandescence
feminine noun
Record 28, Abbreviations, French
Record 28, Synonyms, French
Record 28, Textual support, French
Record 28, Spanish
Record 28, Textual support, Spanish
Record 29 - internal organization data 1986-06-04
Record 29, English
Record 29, Subject field(s)
- Lamp Components
Record 29, Main entry term, English
- incandescent lamp louvre 1, record 29, English, incandescent%20lamp%20louvre
Record 29, Abbreviations, English
Record 29, Synonyms, English
Record 29, French
Record 29, Domaine(s)
- Éléments de lampes
Record 29, Main entry term, French
- ailettes de diffusion
1, record 29, French, ailettes%20de%20diffusion
feminine noun
Record 29, Abbreviations, French
Record 29, Synonyms, French
- lames diffusantes 1, record 29, French, lames%20diffusantes
feminine noun
Record 29, Textual support, French
Record 29, Spanish
Record 29, Textual support, Spanish
Record 30 - internal organization data 1986-05-01
Record 30, English
Record 30, Subject field(s)
- Lighting
Record 30, Main entry term, English
- incandescent flood lamp 1, record 30, English, incandescent%20flood%20lamp
Record 30, Abbreviations, English
Record 30, Synonyms, English
Record 30, French
Record 30, Domaine(s)
- Éclairage
Record 30, Main entry term, French
- projecteur à lampe à incandescence
1, record 30, French, projecteur%20%C3%A0%20lampe%20%C3%A0%20incandescence
masculine noun
Record 30, Abbreviations, French
Record 30, Synonyms, French
Record 30, Textual support, French
Record 30, Spanish
Record 30, Textual support, Spanish
Record 31 - internal organization data 1985-10-01
Record 31, English
Record 31, Subject field(s)
- Lamps
Record 31, Main entry term, English
- prefocus lamp
1, record 31, English, prefocus%20lamp
correct
Record 31, Abbreviations, English
Record 31, Synonyms, English
Record 31, Textual support, English
Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Incandescent lamp in which the luminous element is accurately adjusted in position with regard to locating devices forming part of the cap [or base]. 1, record 31, English, - prefocus%20lamp
Record 31, French
Record 31, Domaine(s)
- Lampes
Record 31, Main entry term, French
- lampe préfocus
1, record 31, French, lampe%20pr%C3%A9focus
correct, feminine noun
Record 31, Abbreviations, French
Record 31, Synonyms, French
- lampe à filament centré 1, record 31, French, lampe%20%C3%A0%20filament%20centr%C3%A9
correct, feminine noun
Record 31, Textual support, French
Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Lampe à incandescence dont le corps lumineux occupe une position déterminée par rapport à des repères formant corps avec le culot. 1, record 31, French, - lampe%20pr%C3%A9focus
Record 31, Spanish
Record 31, Textual support, Spanish
Record 32 - internal organization data 1985-10-01
Record 32, English
Record 32, Subject field(s)
- Illumination Engineering
Record 32, Main entry term, English
- combustion lamp
1, record 32, English, combustion%20lamp
correct
Record 32, Abbreviations, English
Record 32, Synonyms, English
Record 32, Textual support, English
Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Lamp in which the chemical energy of the combustible material is transformed into light, either directly in a flame or indirectly by an incandescent body. 1, record 32, English, - combustion%20lamp
Record 32, French
Record 32, Domaine(s)
- Éclairagisme
Record 32, Main entry term, French
- lampe à combustion
1, record 32, French, lampe%20%C3%A0%20combustion
correct, feminine noun
Record 32, Abbreviations, French
Record 32, Synonyms, French
Record 32, Textual support, French
Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Lampe dans laquelle l'énergie chimique de matières combustibles est transformée en lumière, soit directement par une flamme soit indirectement par un corps porté à l'incandescence. 1, record 32, French, - lampe%20%C3%A0%20combustion
Record 32, Spanish
Record 32, Textual support, Spanish
Record 33 - internal organization data 1985-10-01
Record 33, English
Record 33, Subject field(s)
- Lamps
Record 33, Main entry term, English
- decorative lamp
1, record 33, English, decorative%20lamp
correct
Record 33, Abbreviations, English
Record 33, Synonyms, English
Record 33, Textual support, English
Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Incandescent lamp, made in various shapes and colours, used for decorative effects. 1, record 33, English, - decorative%20lamp
Record 33, French
Record 33, Domaine(s)
- Lampes
Record 33, Main entry term, French
- lampe décorative
1, record 33, French, lampe%20d%C3%A9corative
correct, feminine noun
Record 33, Abbreviations, French
Record 33, Synonyms, French
Record 33, Textual support, French
Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Lampe à incandescence de forme ou de couleur diverses, utilisée pour des effets décoratifs. 1, record 33, French, - lampe%20d%C3%A9corative
Record 33, Spanish
Record 33, Textual support, Spanish
Copyright notice for the TERMIUM Plus® data bank
© Public Services and Procurement Canada, 2026
TERMIUM Plus®, the Government of Canada's terminology and linguistic data bank
A product of the Translation Bureau
Features
GCtranslate (available on the Government of Canada network only)
Use this artificial intelligence prototype to translate Government of Canada content up to and including Protected B. Available to employees of selected departments and agencies only.
Writing tools
The Language Portal’s writing tools have a new look! Easy to consult, they give you access to a wealth of information that will help you write better in English and French.
Glossaries and vocabularies
Access Translation Bureau glossaries and vocabularies.
- Date Modified:


