TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

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Detective quantum efficiency(DQE) is one of the fundamental physical variables related to image quality in radiography and refers to the efficiency of a detector in converting incident x-ray energy into an image signal.  2, record 1, English, - detective%20quantum%20efficiency

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

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L'efficacité quantique de détection (EQD) fait référence à la qualité d'image, au contraste et aux niveaux de rayonnement nécessaires pour produire des images radiologiques.  2, record 1, French, - efficacit%C3%A9%20quantique%20de%20d%C3%A9tection

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

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In photoabsorption spectroscopy, the intensity of monochromatic light passing through a sample is measured, as a function of wavelength(or energy), using a photosensitive detector like a photomultiplier or a photodiode. A decrease in this transmitted intensity, which appears as a dip in the baseline of incident intensity, when intensity is plotted versus wavelength, indicates the occurrence of an electronic or molecular transition in the sample.  2, record 2, English, - photoabsorption%20spectroscopy

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

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Élucidation de la structure et la compréhension de la réactivité d'ions moléculaires et d'agrégats ionisés. Ceci requiert la mise en œuvre de techniques complémentaires : spectroscopie de photoabsorption et photoélectroniques (utilisation du rayonnement du synchrotron) [...]  1, record 2, French, - spectroscopie%20de%20photoabsorption

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

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There's a convenient way to remember the significance of D[ star]:. Recall that it is the signal-to-noise ratio when one watt of radiation is incident on a detector with a sensitive area of 1 cm² and the noise is measured with an electrical bandwidth of 1 herts. Thus, the term D[ star]: is a normalized detectivity that's convenient for comparing the performance of detectors with different areas when used in circuits with different bandwidths.  2, record 3, English, - specific%20detectivity

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

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Détectivité normalisée en fonction de la surface unitaire et de la largeur de bande unitaire.  2, record 3, French, - d%C3%A9tectivit%C3%A9%20sp%C3%A9cifique

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Record 4,  Textual support,  English

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Detection efficiency. The intrinsic detection efficiency of any device operated in pulse mode is defined as the probability that a quantum of radiation incident on the detector will produce a recorded pulse. Especially for radiations of low intensity, a high detection efficiency is important to minimize the total time needed to record enough pulses for good statistical accuracy in the measurement. Detection efficiency is further subdivided into two types : total efficiency and peak efficiency. The total efficiency gives the probability that an incident quantum of radiation produces a pulse, regardless of size, from the detector. The peak efficiency is defined as the probability that the quantum will deposit all its initial energy in the detector. Since there are almost always ways in which the quantum may deposit only part of its energy and then escape from the detector, the total efficiency is generally larger than the peak efficiency.  1, record 4, English, - peak%20efficiency

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This excerpt can be found in an article entitled “Radiation measurement” in the Britannica Encyclopaedia online.  2, record 4, English, - peak%20efficiency

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

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Parmi toutes les particules émises par la source, une fraction seulement arrive dans le détecteur (en fonction de l’angle solide, des absorbants éventuels entre la source et le détecteur) et, parmi celles-ci, toutes n’intéragissent pas dans son volume utile (cas des photons en particulier). Pour accéder au nombre de particules émises par la source, il faut donc connaître l’efficacité du détecteur utilisé pour les particules détectées. On distingue : — l’efficacité absolue […] l’efficacité intrinsèque […] souvent on ne s’intéresse qu’à la surface des pics. On parle alors d’efficacité au pic (absolue ou intrinsèque).  1, record 4, French, - efficacit%C3%A9%20au%20pic

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Record 5,  Textual support,  English

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Energy spectroscopy. For energy analysis the output current pulse from a PMT [photomultiplier tube] or from a semiconductor detector is often applied to a charge-sensitive preamplifier. The preamplifier produces a voltage pulse with a peak amplitude that is proportional to the total charge in the current pulse, which is proportional to the energy absorbed from the incident radiation. Amplifiers and filters are used to expand the range of the peak amplitude and to shape the signal from the preamplifier, a process that maximizes the signal-to-noise ratio for the system. For energy analysis the peak amplitude of the shaped pulse represents the information of interest. Discriminators and single-channel analyzers(SCA) can be used, following the signal shaping system, to determine the presence of certain energies of detected radiation. A discriminator produces an output logic pulse if it's input signal exceeds a preset threshold level. An SCA produces an output logic pulse if the peak amplitude of it's input signal falls within the energy window that is established with two preset threshold levels.  1, record 5, English, - energy%20spectroscopy

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

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[Dans un détecteur fonctionnant en impulsion] La mesure de la hauteur d’impulsion fournit […] l’information énergie puisque celle-ci est proportionnelle aux charges créées dans le détecteur. Ce mode de fonctionnement est utilisé en spectroscopie d’énergie.  1, record 5, French, - spectroscopie%20d%26rsquo%3B%C3%A9nergie

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Record 6,  Textual support,  English

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Escape peak form, as in gas-flow detectors, when an incoming X-ray produces a characteristic X-ray from the detector material. These X-rays are produced near the surface of the detector crystal and if they are reabsorbed there is no problem. If, however, the X-ray "escapes" the detector, an escape peak is produced. The escape peaks in a Si(Li) detector are 1. 74 keV lower in energy that the incident X-rays(Ec for Si-Ka). Escape peaks will be present for all parent peaks above 1. 84 keV(the Si absorption edge), and their magnitudes are usually a few percent of the parent peak.  1, record 6, English, - escape%20peak

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

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Le porte-échantillon est connecté à un moteur pas-à-pas commandé par un ordinateur. Il permet ainsi d'analyser plusieurs échantillons sans pour cela casser le vide maintenu dans la chambre. Les rayonnements X ont été mesurés à l'aide d'un dispositif comprenant : un détecteur LEGe (low energy germanium); un préamplificateur de charges à faible bruit de fond; un amplificateur qui assure une nouvelle amplification et une mise en forme des impulsions. Le pic de la raie X K caractéristique du phosphore correspond aussi au pic d'échappement du silicium de la raie X K du calcium. Le remplacement du détecteur Si(Li) par un détecteur LEGe permet de réduire cette interférence.  1, record 6, French, - pic%20d%27%C3%A9chappement

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Record 7,  Textual support,  English

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That volume of the detector where an incident radiant power produces a measurable output.  1, record 7, English, - sensitive%20volume%20of%20a%20detector

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

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Partie d'un détecteur de rayonnement dans laquelle l'ionisation produite par un rayonnement déterminé est susceptible d'être à l'origine d'un signal de sortie.  1, record 7, French, - volume%20sensible%20d%27un%20d%C3%A9tecteur

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Record 8,  Textual support,  English

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Eppley Precision Spectral Pyranometer, PSP. This instrument is considered to be the most accurate radiometer produced commercially for the measurement of global sun and sky radiation, totally or in defined wavelength bands. It can be inverted to measure reflected shortwave radiation(from which the albedo can be calculated). The PSP has a circular multi-junction thermopile of the plated(copper-constantan) wire wound type which is temperature compensated in order to get a response that is independent of ambient temperature. The temperature sensed by the detector is nearly linear with the flux density of incident radiation. The instrument is supplied with a pair of removable precision ground and polished concentric hemispheres of Schott optical glass. The inner hemisphere is transparent to a wavelength of 0. 285-2. 800 µm. The outer dome can be replaced by Schott glass hemispherical filters which transmit within specified bandwidths. Desiccant is placed in the side of the instrument to absorb humidity inside the glass domes. Measurements are reported in Wm^-2.  1, record 8, English, - Eppley%20precision%20spectral%20pyranometer

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The Eppley PSP (or simply Eppley Pyranometer) is an instrument for the measurement of radiation in the range approximately between 285 and 2800 nm. As noted earlier, this wavelength range is commonly referred to as shortwave radiation, and it’s primary source is the sun.  3, record 8, English, - Eppley%20precision%20spectral%20pyranometer

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

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Les capteurs de rayonnement permettent la mesure des flux sous un angle solide 2[pi] vers le haut et vers le bas dans quatre bandes spectrales : deux pyranomètres Eppley PSP -- visible -- haut et bas; deux pyranomètres Eppley PSP -- visible rouge -- haut et bas; deux pyranomètres Eppley PIR -- infrarouge -- haut et bas; deux photomètres Eppley UVR -- ultraviolet -- haut et bas.  2, record 8, French, - pyranom%C3%A8tre%20Eppley%20de%20type%20PSP

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Record 9,  Textual support,  English

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In a gamma-ray spectrum, a peak produced when incident gamma-rays interact with the detector by pair production, producing an electron and positron followed by subsequent annihilation of the positron and generation of two new 511 keV photons, one of which escapes from the detector without depositing its energy.  1, record 9, English, - single%2Descape%20peak

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

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En pratique, le détecteur a une taille finie, donc la taille du détecteur est un facteur important dans la détection de [...] photons [...] certains photons subiront des diffusions multiples, mais ne déposeront pas toute leur énergie. Le spectre gamma ainsi obtenu sera donc divisé en plusieurs composantes : - pics d'absorption totale; - fond Compton ; - fond des diffusions multiples;- pics de simple et double échappement (respectivement lorsqu'un ou les deux photons d'annihilation sortent du détecteur sans interagir); - pic d'annihilation (électron, positron) à 511 keV [...]  1, record 9, French, - pic%20de%20simple%20%C3%A9chappement

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Record 10,  Textual support,  English

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In a gamma-ray spectrum, a peak produced when incident gamma rays of a certain energy interact with the detector by pair production, producing an electron and positron followed by subsequent annihilation of the positron and generation of two new 511 keV photons, both of which escape from the detector without depositing their energy...  1, record 10, English, - double%20escape%20peak

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

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An Ex-core Startup Neutron Detector for a nuclear reactor comprising : a. a photomultiplier tube. b. a thermal neutron responsive scintillator medium in optical communication with [the] photomultiplier tube at said input end; c. a neutron thermalizer adjacent to [the] scintillator medium whereby neutrons incident upon [the] neutron thermalizer are thermalized prior to passing into [the] scintillator medium...  1, record 11, English, - thermalizer

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

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[...] au cours d'une collision, le neutron peut [...] tout aussi bien gagner de l'énergie qu'en perdre. Il s'agit du phénomène de thermalisation. Le phénomène de thermalisation est complexe. Il recouvre différents modes de collision dont l'existence et/ou l'importance dépendent de la nature du milieu de propagation : milieu gazeux, liquide ou solide. Dans le cas d'un gaz, le noyau cible a une vitesse qui suit la distribution de Maxwell-Boltzmann. Dans le cas d'un thermaliseur liquide (eau, eau lourde...) et solides (graphite, béryllium...), le transfert d'énergie avec le neutron incident sont liés à la fois aux mouvements de vibration, de rotation et de translation (degrés de liberté) des molécules ou du cristal [...]  1, record 11, French, - thermaliseur

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Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The intrinsic efficiency is the ratio of counts detected to the number of photons or particles incident on the detector and is a measure of how many photons or particles result in a gross count.  1, record 12, English, - intrinsic%20efficiency

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Some radiation is not energetic enough and does not reach the detector because it is attenuated or scattered before it can interact in the detector.  1, record 12, English, - intrinsic%20efficiency

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

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L'efficacité intrinsèque correspond au rapport du nombre d'impulsions mesurées dans [un] détecteur sur le nombre de particules pénétrant dans le détecteur [...]  1, record 12, French, - efficacit%C3%A9%20intrins%C3%A8que

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The SEM subsystem consists of four instruments used for in situ measurements and monitoring of the near-earth(geostationary altitude) space environment and for observing the solar X-ray output. An energetic particles sensor(EPS) and high energy proton and alpha detector(HEPAD) monitor the incident flux density of protons, alpha particles, and electrons over an extensive range of energy levels. Solar output is monitored by an X-ray sensor(XRS) mounted on an X-ray positioning platform, fixed on the solar array yoke. Two redundant three-axis magnetometers, mounted on a deployed 3-meter boom, operate one at a time to monitor Earth's geomagnetic field strength in the vicinity of the spacecraft. The SEM instruments are capable of ground command-selectable, in-flight calibration for monitoring on-orbit performance and ensuring proper operation.  3, record 13, English, - space%2Denvironment%20monitor

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The Space Environment Monitor (SEM) measures in situ the effect of the Sun on the near-earth solar-terrestrial electromagnetic environment, providing real-time data to the Space Environment Services Center (SESC). The SESC, as the nation’s "space weather" service, receives, monitors, and interprets a wide variety of solar-terrestrial data, and issues reports, alerts and forecasts for special events such as solar flares or geomagnetic storms. This information is important to the operation of military and civilian radio wave and satellite communication and navigation systems, as well as electric power networks, and to the mission of geophysical explorers, Shuttle and Space Station astronauts, high-altitude aviators, and scientific researchers.  3, record 13, English, - space%2Denvironment%20monitor

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

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SEM : Le moniteur d'environnement spatial (mesure de l'énergie des flux de particules).  2, record 13, French, - moniteur%20d%27environnement%20spatial

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Record 15,  Textual support,  English

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Separation of spectral and non-spectral interferences by on-line high performance ion chromatography inductively coupled plasma sector field mass spectrometry (HPIC-ICP-SFMS) for accurate determination of²³⁴U,²³⁵U,²³⁸U and²³²Th in industrial ores.  3, record 15, English, - sector%20field%20mass%20spectrometry

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Determination of trace elements in human milk by inductively coupled plasma sector field mass spectrometry (ICP-SFMS).  4, record 15, English, - sector%20field%20mass%20spectrometry

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Indiana University Laboratory for Spectrochemistry. Plasma Source Mass Spectrometry. "Single-Crystal Scintillator-Based Array Detector for Sector-Field Mass Spectrometry, "[by] David A. Solyom. Beginning with the use of photographic plates in the first quarter of this century, array detectors have had a long history of usage in mass-spectrometric analysis. Array detectors are position-sensitive devices capable of independently measuring ion signals that are incident at different locations on the detector's face. Currently popular among the different types of array detectors available for mass spectrometry are microchannel-plate(s)(MCP) coupled with a phosphor.... The electrons emitted from the rear of the MCP strike the phosphor being held in close proximity(1mm) to the MCP. The phosphor screen is sensitive to the incident electrons and will emit photons in response. The number of emitted photons is proportional to the number of incident electrons and the location on the phosphor from which the photons are emitted coincides with the location of the incident electrons. The photons from the phosphor can then be converted into a proportional electronic signal by an imaging device such as a CCD or CID detector array.  2, record 15, English, - sector%20field%20mass%20spectrometry

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

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spectrométrie de masse à secteurs à plasma induit (ICP-SFMS).  1, record 15, French, - spectrom%C3%A9trie%20de%20masse%20%C3%A0%20secteurs

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Il existe plusieurs traductions du terme «inductively coupled plasma (ICP)» : le plus proche de la description de la technique est «plasma induit par un courant de haute fréquence», le plus simple est «torche à plasma»; pour décrire un «sector field mass spectrometer» nous parlons de «spectromètre de masse à secteur magnétique» ou, plus brièvement, de «spectromètre de masse magnétique». L'équivalent français de ICP-SFMS serait donc «torche à plasma couplée à un spectromètre de masse magnétique» (version courte) ou «plasma induit par un courant de haute fréquence associé à un spectromètre de masse à secteur magnétique» (version longue). [Source : Guy Bouchoux, Secrétaire, Société française de spectrométrie de masse, École Polytechnique, DCMR, Palaiseau (France)]  3, record 15, French, - spectrom%C3%A9trie%20de%20masse%20%C3%A0%20secteurs

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

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Time-Of-Flight spectrum.... Spectrum parameters to be specified are : minimum and maximum times of flight(msec.), beam incident angle(measured from the surface in deg.), beam azimuthal angle(X-axis direction is zero-azimuth), scattering angle(sum of beam incident and detector exit angles). The result of TOF spectrum simulation is the intensity of detected particles as function of flight time.  2, record 16, English, - time%2Dof%2Dflight%20spectrum

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

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Record 17,  Textual support,  English

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An IR [infrared] detector where temperature changes of a junction of dissimilar metals because of changes in the level of incident radiation causes a change in voltage.  2, record 17, English, - thermovoltaic%20detector

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In the thermovoltaic detector (for example the thermocouple), a temperature fluctuation of a junction of dissimilar metals results in a generated voltage.  3, record 17, English, - thermovoltaic%20detector

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

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Devices that generate a signal when light is incident upon them. The signal may be one observed visually in reflected or transmitted light, or it may be electrical.  2, record 18, English, - optical%20detector

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The eyes of animals and the leaves of plants, for example, perform this function.... One of the most widely used optical detectors is photographic film.... In many cases, fast detector response is needed to detect rapid changes in incident light; furthermore, quite often an electrical output signal is desired. In such cases, the optimum detector is one based on either external or internal photoemission.  2, record 18, English, - optical%20detector

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

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[On distinguera] entre les détecteurs optiques, ou détecteurs de flux, qui ne font qu'étendre aux ondes micrométriques le rôle des détecteurs classiques [...] et les surfaces photosensibles, ou détecteurs d'images [...]  1, record 18, French, - d%C3%A9tecteur%20optique

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

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Dispositivo que convierte las señales luminosas procedentes de fibras ópticas, en señales eléctricas que es posible amplificar y/o decodificar más tarde para permitir la reproducción de la señal original.  2, record 18, Spanish, - detector%20%C3%B3ptico

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

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The degree of detector response to incident electromagnetic energy.  2, record 19, English, - sensitivity

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS

sensitivity: term officially approved by the RADARSAT-2 Terminology Approval Group (RTAG).  2, record 19, English, - sensitivity

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Mesure de la réponse d'un détecteur à l'énergie électromagnétique incidente.  2, record 19, French, - sensibilit%C3%A9

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS

sensibilité : terme uniformisé par le Groupe de travail de la terminologie de RADARSAT-2 (GTTR).  3, record 19, French, - sensibilit%C3%A9

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Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish