TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Amount of incoming solar radiation incident on a unit horizontal surface at a specific level.  3, record 1, English, - insolation

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Insolation [is] the amount of solar energy striking a surface, measured in watts per square meter.  4, record 1, English, - insolation

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 2 CONT

... solar insolation [is] the amount of electromagnetic energy(solar radiation) incident on the surface of the earth. Basically that means how much sunlight is shining down on us.... The value [is] generally expressed in kWh/m²/day. This is the amount of solar energy that strikes a square metre of the earth's surface in a single day. Of course this value is averaged to account for differences in the days’ length. There are several units that are used throughout the world. The conversions based on surface area as follows : 1 kWh/m²/day=317. 1 btu/ft²/day=3. 6MJ/m²/day. The raw energy conversions are : 1kWh=3412 Btu=3. 6MJ=859. 8kcal.  2, record 1, English, - insolation

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Scientists use the word "insolation" not "sunshine" to refer to the amount of incoming solar radiation that reaches the earth’s surface.  5, record 1, English, - insolation

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Quantité de rayonnement solaire incident par unité de surface horizontale à un niveau donné.  3, record 1, French, - insolation

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Gisement solaire. Les rayons solaires sont filtrés par notre atmosphère. Ainsi, les régions plus humides sont moins ensoleillées que les régions sèches. L'ensoleillement dépend aussi des saisons, car certaines régions sont humides en été, et sèches en hiver. Pratiquement, la puissance disponible au sol dépasse rarement 1000W/m² alors que la puissance qui arrive à la limite de notre atmosphère est de l'ordre de 1400W/m². Une partie de cette énergie est diffusée et c'est ce qui fait que le temps soit clair même si des nuages cachent le soleil.  4, record 1, French, - insolation

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le terme «gisement solaire» est utilisé figurativement.  5, record 1, French, - insolation

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Quantité [...] exprimée en watts.  6, record 1, French, - insolation

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Cantidad de radiación solar directa, que incide por unidad de área horizontal.  2, record 1, Spanish, - insolaci%C3%B3n

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Ratio of the radiation(radiant or luminous energy) reflected by the Earth, including its atmosphere, to the incident solar radiation.  4, record 2, English, - albedo%20of%20the%20Earth

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The albedo of the planet Earth is about 0.4, which means four-tenths of the sun’s radiation that strikes the planet is reflected back into space.  2, record 2, English, - albedo%20of%20the%20Earth

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The Earth’s albedo varies mainly through varying cloudiness, snow, ice, leaf area, and land-cover changes.  3, record 2, English, - albedo%20of%20the%20Earth

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Rapport du rayonnement solaire (énergétique ou lumineux) réfléchi par la Terre, y compris l'atmosphère, au rayonnement solaire incident.  2, record 2, French, - alb%C3%A9do%20de%20la%20Terre

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'albédo du système Terre-Atmosphère est la fraction de l'énergie solaire qui est réfléchie vers l'espace. Sa valeur est comprise entre 0 et 1. Plus une surface est réfléchissante, plus son albédo est élevé. Les éléments qui contribuent le plus à l'albédo de la Terre sont : les nuages, les surfaces de neige et de glace et les aérosols. Par exemple, l'albédo de la neige fraîche est de 0,87, ce qui signifie que 87 % de l'énergie solaire est réfléchie par ce type de neige.  3, record 2, French, - alb%C3%A9do%20de%20la%20Terre

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Cociente entre el valor de la radiación (energía radiante o luminosa) reflejada por la Tierra y su atmósfera y la radiación solar incidente sobre ella.  1, record 2, Spanish, - albedo%20de%20la%20Tierra

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The total solar radiant energy incident upon unit area of a horizontal surface during a specified time period(units as for direct insolation).  3, record 3, English, - global%20insolation

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Global Insolation = Direct Insolation (horizontal) + Diffuse Insolation (horizontal) for the same time period.  3, record 3, English, - global%20insolation

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Insolation totale d'une surface horizontale de la Terre calculée au cours d'une période de temps spécifiée.  2, record 3, French, - insolation%20globale

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The energy available from sunlight at any given location.  2, record 4, English, - incident%20solar%20energy

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Énergie solaire susceptible d'être mise en valeur à partir de tout lieu.  2, record 4, French, - %C3%A9nergie%20solaire%20incidente

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Actuellement l'homme utilise une quantité d'énergie non renouvelable égale à environ 1 % de 1 % de l'énergie solaire incidente [...]  3, record 4, French, - %C3%A9nergie%20solaire%20incidente

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The part of a solar collector that receives the incident solar radiation and transforms it into thermal energy.  6, record 5, English, - absorber

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Composant d'un capteur qui a pour fonction d'absorber le rayonnement solaire incident, de le convertir en chaleur, et de transmettre celle-ci à un fluide caloporteur. [Définition normalisée par l'AFNOR.]  4, record 5, French, - absorbeur

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Les absorbeurs peuvent être de types différentes : plaque, grille, serpentin, etc.  4, record 5, French, - absorbeur

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 OBS

absorbeur : terme normalisé par l'AFNOR.  5, record 5, French, - absorbeur

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The SEM subsystem consists of four instruments used for in situ measurements and monitoring of the near-earth(geostationary altitude) space environment and for observing the solar X-ray output. An energetic particles sensor(EPS) and high energy proton and alpha detector(HEPAD) monitor the incident flux density of protons, alpha particles, and electrons over an extensive range of energy levels. Solar output is monitored by an X-ray sensor(XRS) mounted on an X-ray positioning platform, fixed on the solar array yoke. Two redundant three-axis magnetometers, mounted on a deployed 3-meter boom, operate one at a time to monitor Earth's geomagnetic field strength in the vicinity of the spacecraft. The SEM instruments are capable of ground command-selectable, in-flight calibration for monitoring on-orbit performance and ensuring proper operation.  3, record 6, English, - space%2Denvironment%20monitor

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The Space Environment Monitor (SEM) measures in situ the effect of the Sun on the near-earth solar-terrestrial electromagnetic environment, providing real-time data to the Space Environment Services Center (SESC). The SESC, as the nation’s "space weather" service, receives, monitors, and interprets a wide variety of solar-terrestrial data, and issues reports, alerts and forecasts for special events such as solar flares or geomagnetic storms. This information is important to the operation of military and civilian radio wave and satellite communication and navigation systems, as well as electric power networks, and to the mission of geophysical explorers, Shuttle and Space Station astronauts, high-altitude aviators, and scientific researchers.  3, record 6, English, - space%2Denvironment%20monitor

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

SEM : Le moniteur d'environnement spatial (mesure de l'énergie des flux de particules).  2, record 6, French, - moniteur%20d%27environnement%20spatial

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

There are several different types of photoelectric cells. In some [i. e., phototubes] there is a light-sensitive surface [a photocathode] which emits electrons and a second electrode, usually maintained at a fairly high positive potential, which collects the electrons... A second type is the photovoltaic or barrier layer photocell in which incident light produces an emf between two terminals... Solar cells, widely used to provide energy for satellites and space vehicles, are photovoltaic cells converting radiant energy into electrical energy. A familiar form uses a very perfect silicon crystal which is treated with trace impurities to introduce extra positive charges on one side of a thin wafer and extra negative charges on the other side... Radiant energy disturbs the electrical balance of the charges and thereby induces an emf which continues as long as light strikes the crystal... A third type of photoelectric cell [photoconductive, or photoresistive cell] utilizes the photoconductivity effect.  6, record 7, English, - photoelectric%20receptor

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The term photoelectric cell, or photocell, should not be used for a phototube, which is a vacuum tube and not a cell.  1, record 7, English, - photoelectric%20receptor

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 2 OBS

electric eye: The layman’s term for a photoelectric cell. Also used to designate an unrelated type of electronic device (a magic eye) used for tuning radio receivers.  1, record 7, English, - photoelectric%20receptor

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Dans le Dictionnaire de Physique (J.P. Mathieu, 1983), on décrit trois catégories de cellules photoélectriques, soit : 1) les cellules photoémissives (syn. : phototubes - qui ne font pas appel aux matériaux semiconducteurs); 2) les cellules photovoltaïques; 3) les cellules photoconductrices (ou photorésistantes), ces deux dernières catégories nécessitant l'emploi de semiconducteurs. Dans l'Encyclopédie internationale des sciences et des techniques on utilise le terme dans ce même sens général. Par contre, dans le Dictionnaire mémento d'électronique, Dunot, éd. Paris 1969, page 59, on exclut les phototubes. On retrouve donc, en français, la même diversité de sens des termes qu'en anglais. Cette fiche traite de ces termes dans leur sens le plus large.  1, record 7, French, - r%C3%A9cepteur%20photo%C3%A9lectrique

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 2 OBS

photoélectrique : Cette graphie, puisée des Rectifications de l'orthographe recommandées par le Conseil supérieur de la langue française, est attestée dans le Petit Robert (2004).  5, record 7, French, - r%C3%A9cepteur%20photo%C3%A9lectrique

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Selenium photocell.  6, record 7, French, - r%C3%A9cepteur%20photo%C3%A9lectrique

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The ratio of the energy collected by a solar collector to the radiant energy incident on the collector.  1, record 8, English, - collector%20efficiency

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Proposition basée sur "instantaneous collector efficiency" = "rendement instantané hors-tout du capteur".  1, record 8, French, - rendement%20hors%2Dtout%20du%20capteur

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A measure of collector performance... defined as the ratio of the useful gain over any time period to the incident solar energy over the same period.  1, record 9, English, - collector%20thermal%20efficiency%20factor

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion(OTEC) power plant.... the ocean is, for all practical purposes, an infinite heat source, converting and storing the incident solar energy from the sun in the form of warm surface water. The warm water is pumped through an evaporator containing a working fluid in a closed Rankine-cycle system. The vaporized working fluid drives a gas turbine which provides the plants power.  1, record 10, English, - ocean%20thermal%20energy%20conversion%20power%20plant

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Ensemble destiné à la production d'électricité à partir du gradient thermique des mers.  1, record 10, French, - centrale%20ETM

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Dans une centrale ETM, les couches superficielles de la mer, chauffées par le soleil, constituent une source chaude et celles du fond une source froide, à partir desquelles on alimente une machine thermodynamique entraînant un alternateur.  1, record 10, French, - centrale%20ETM

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish