TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... decisions by Saudi Arabia and Russia to cut oil supply have also led to an increase in global energy prices, reversing some of the previous decreases in Canada's headline inflation.  2, record 1, English, - energy%20price

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La hausse des prix de l'énergie (+22,5 %) a contribué le plus à l'inflation globale annuelle moyenne en 2022.  2, record 1, French, - prix%20de%20l%27%C3%A9nergie

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

… a sudden unexpected event that dramatically increases or decreases demand for a product or service, usually temporarily.  2, record 2, English, - demand%20shock

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A positive demand shock is a sudden increase in demand, while a negative demand shock is a decrease in demand. Either shock will have an effect on the prices of the product or service.  2, record 2, English, - demand%20shock

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[…] événement soudain qui fait augmenter ou diminuer temporairement la demande pour les biens et services, déplaçant la courbe de demande sur un graphique comprenant l'offre et la demande.  2, record 2, French, - choc%20de%20demande

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Un choc de demande positif fait augmenter la demande; un choc de demande négatif fait diminuer la demande.  2, record 2, French, - choc%20de%20demande

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

If industry fixed costs are high, companies are pressured to fill capacity and tempted to shave prices to ensure sales.  2, record 3, English, - knock%20down%20prices

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Weak demand forced mills to roll back prices about 4% in both April and May, wiping out the March increase.  3, record 3, English, - knock%20down%20prices

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

casser les prix : terme extrait du «Glossaire de l’économie» et reproduit avec l’autorisation de l’Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques.  5, record 3, French, - r%C3%A9duire%20les%20prix

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Strategy designed to increase product sales in current markets by means of a more aggressive marketing policy, for example, lower prices and greater publicity.  2, record 4, English, - market%20penetration

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Other strategies include new markets, new products or a combination of both, as part of a diversification plan.  2, record 4, English, - market%20penetration

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 2 OBS

market penetration: term extracted from the “Glossaire de l’économie” and reproduced with permission of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.  3, record 4, English, - market%20penetration

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Action d'une entreprise qui cherche à augmenter sur ses marchés les ventes de ses produits ou de ses services sans modifier ceux-ci, l'effort portant sur des techniques et des moyens mercatiques plus agressifs.  2, record 4, French, - p%C3%A9n%C3%A9tration%20du%20march%C3%A9

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

pénétration du marché : terme extrait du «Glossaire de l’économie» et reproduit avec l’autorisation de l’Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques.  3, record 4, French, - p%C3%A9n%C3%A9tration%20du%20march%C3%A9

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Estrategia de crecimiento con los productos y en los mercados actuales mediante una política de mercadología más agresiva (por ejemplo, baja de precios y aumento de publicidad). Otras estrategias son el desarrollo de nuevos mercados (introducción), de nuevos productos (lanzamiento), o ambas combinadas en una estrategia de diversificación.  1, record 4, Spanish, - penetraci%C3%B3n%20del%20mercado

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

penetración del mercado: término y definición extraídos del CAPITAL Business Dictionary con la autorización de LID Editorial Empresarial.  2, record 4, Spanish, - penetraci%C3%B3n%20del%20mercado

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Mothballing is the process of stabilizing a facility so that no damage occurs to the facility should it make sense at a later time to incur the capital expenditures associated with continuing to operate, extending the life, or repowering the facility. Typically, a decision to mothball a facility might be made as a hedge against, or in anticipation of, changes in market conditions; i. e., increases in relative fuel prices, or an increase in the value of installed capacity.... Typical activities involved in mothballing a facility might include the following types of activities intended to preserve existing equipment :-’Racking Out’ or removal and storage of motor control center circuit breakers or 'switchgear’(this would also be done for a facility that has been retired and is scheduled for dismantling)-Placing a heat source or desiccants in the furnace to maintain a temperature above the dew point(at which condensation collects and corrodes the boiler structures.)-The application of grease or other coatings to reduce corrosion of components such as pumps and motors.-The installation of an air desiccant system to blow dry air through the steam turbine, condenser, boiler tubes and pipes.  2, record 5, English, - mothballing

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 CONT

decommissioning: Shutting down and placing a plant permanently out of service ... The three stages of decommissioning are mothballing, encasement and dismantling.  3, record 5, English, - mothballing

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

D'après un spécialiste en gestion des déchets nucléaires qui travaille chez Whiteshell Laboratories au Manitoba, «mise sous surveillance» est préférable.  4, record 5, French, - mise%20sous%20surveillance

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Lorsqu'on veut signifier qu'un lieu, après avoir perdu sa destination première, ne comporte plus les équipements correspondants à sa fonction première, on utilise le terme «désaffectation».  4, record 5, French, - mise%20sous%20surveillance

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 3 OBS

«Mise sous cocon» nous apparaît un peu trop spécifique, la «coconisation» signifiant l'enrobage de matériel sous pellicule plastique pulvérisée. On pourrait peut-être songer à des expressions plus neutres, du type «mise sous protection», «entreposage de sécurité».  4, record 5, French, - mise%20sous%20surveillance

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 4 OBS

mise sous cocon : terme extrait du «Glossaire de l’énergie nucléaire» et reproduit avec l’autorisation de l’Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques.  3, record 5, French, - mise%20sous%20surveillance

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

scale : To grade or measure according to a schedule; to increase or decrease a basic amount proportionately or according to a graduated schedule. For example, to scale down(or up) wages, interest, prices, etc., is to reduce or increase each level by a proportionate amount.  2, record 6, English, - scale%20up

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Augmenter (les gages, etc.) à l'échelle.  1, record 6, French, - augmenter%20%C3%A0%20l%27%C3%A9chelle

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Pecuniary effects are those that deal with money prices and costs rather than with the real opportunity cost of foregone output or the real benefits of an actual increase in output.  2, record 7, English, - pecuniary%20effect

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

En évaluant l'efficacité des projets de l'État, l'analyste doit prendre bien soin de distinguer leurs effets «d'affectation» et leur effets «monétaires» ou «de répartition». Les premiers modifient l'ensemble des possibilités de production et des occasions de consommation; les seconds modifient la répartition du revenu global, sans en changer le volume.  1, record 7, French, - effet%20mon%C3%A9taire

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A more stringent private copying system intended to increase royalties and encourage the creation of more works will result in higher prices and more limited access for consumers of existing works.  2, record 8, English, - private%20copying%20regime

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Un régime de copie pour usage privé plus strict, visant à accroître le montant des redevances et à encourager la création entraînerait des hausses de prix, d'où un accès limité pour les consommateurs.  1, record 8, French, - r%C3%A9gime%20de%20copie%20pour%20usage%20priv%C3%A9

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Interdependent behaviour includes an understanding among firms that they will increase prices or compete less vigorously.  2, record 9, English, - interdependent%20behaviour

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Par conduite interdépendante, on entend notamment des ententes tacites ou non dans lesquelles les entreprises conviennent de relever les prix ou de ne pas se faire une vive concurrence.  2, record 9, French, - conduite%20interd%C3%A9pendante

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The weak prices that affected nominal consumption should dissipate over the coming years. The consumption deflator is expected to increase gradually from 0. 9% to 1. 2% in 2014 and 1. 8% in 2015.  1, record 11, English, - consumption%20deflator

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La faiblesse des prix qui a affecté la consommation nominale devrait se dissiper au cours des prochaines années. Le déflateur de la consommation devrait augmenter graduellement, passant de 0,9 % à 1,2 % en 2014 et à 1,8 % en 2015.  1, record 11, French, - d%C3%A9flateur%20de%20la%20consommation

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Stronger global growth should lead to stronger demand, particularly in advanced economies, and that should increase pressure on prices.  1, record 12, English, - pressure%20on%20prices

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le raffermissement de la croissance mondiale devrait se traduire par un renforcement de la demande, notamment dans les économies avancées, ce qui devrait accroître la pression sur les prix.  1, record 12, French, - pression%20sur%20les%20prix

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A tendency to rise, optimistic.  2, record 13, English, - bullish

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A bullish investor is confident that prices will increase and a profit can be made. The market tends to confirm general prospects and if the behaviour spreads, prices rise without a real cause.  2, record 13, English, - bullish

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Tendance à la hausse, optimiste.  2, record 13, French, - haussier

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Un investisseur haussier effectue des achats en comptant sur une hausse des prix qui lui permettra de vendre en réalisant une plus-value. Le marché tend à confirmer les expectatives et si ce comportement se généralise, les prix augmentent sans cause réelle.  2, record 13, French, - haussier

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

à la hausse : terme et définition extraits du CAPITAL Business Dictionary et reproduits avec l'autorisation de LID Editorial Empresarial.  2, record 13, French, - haussier

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Con tendencia al alza, optimista.  2, record 13, Spanish, - alcista

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Un inversor alcista compra confiando en que los precios suban y pueda vender con una plusvalía. El mercado tiende a confirmar las expectativas generales y, si el comportamiento se extiende, los precios suben sin causa real.  2, record 13, Spanish, - alcista

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

alcista: término y definición extraídos del CAPITAL Business Dictionary con la autorización de LID Editorial Empresarial.  3, record 13, Spanish, - alcista

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An increase or upward trend in production costs(as wages) that tends to result in increased consumer prices irrespective of the level of demand.  2, record 14, English, - cost%2Dpush

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Inflation generated by excessive growth of aggregate demand when the economy is in full employment.  2, record 15, English, - demand%2Dpull%20inflation

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

As production factors are fully occupied, a strong growth in demand is translated into a rise in prices. In this situation the economic policy should be : to promote an increase in productivity, reduce public spending and practice a restrictive monetary policy.  2, record 15, English, - demand%2Dpull%20inflation

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 2 OBS

demand-pull inflation: term and definition reproduced from the CAPITAL Business Dictionary with the permission of LID Editorial Empresarial.  3, record 15, English, - demand%2Dpull%20inflation

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Inflation générée par une augmentation excessive de la demande globale, l'économie connaissant une situation de plein emploi.  1, record 15, French, - inflation%20par%20la%20demande

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Comme la totalité des facteurs de production sont employés, une forte augmentation de la demande se traduit par une hausse des prix. Dans une telle situation, la politique économique doit consister à : encourager une augmentation de la productivité, réduire les dépenses publiques et pratiquer une politique monétaire restrictive.  1, record 15, French, - inflation%20par%20la%20demande

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 2 OBS

inflation par la demande : terme et définition extraits du CAPITAL Business Dictionary et reproduits avec l'autorisation de LID Editorial Empresarial.  2, record 15, French, - inflation%20par%20la%20demande

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Inflación generada por excesivo crecimiento de la demanda agregada, estando la economía en pleno empleo. Al haber ocupación total de los factores de producción, un crecimiento fuerte de la demanda se traduce en alza de precios. En esta situación la política económica debe ser: fomentar un aumento de la productividad, reducir el gasto público y practicar una política monetaria restrictiva.  3, record 15, Spanish, - inflaci%C3%B3n%20de%20demanda

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

inflación de demanda: término y definición extraídos del CAPITAL Business Dictionary con la autorización de LID Editorial Empresarial.  4, record 15, Spanish, - inflaci%C3%B3n%20de%20demanda

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An increase or upward trend in spendable money that tends to result in increased competition for available goods and services and a corresponding increase in consumer prices.  2, record 16, English, - demand%2Dpull

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Anti-competitive behaviour is designed primarily to harm consumers by making them pay more than they should for goods and services. The clearest examples are price-fixing and collusive tendering(bid-rigging). Price-fixing occurs when two or more sellers agree that they will increase their prices by a certain amount, or that they will not sell below a certain price. Collusive tendering occurs when two or more firms agree not to bid against one another to supply goods or services, or when they agree on their individual bids.  3, record 17, English, - pro%2Dcompetitive%20behaviour

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Des mesures correctives comportementales sont généralement moins efficaces que des mesures correctives structurelles, parce qu'en tentant de réglementer la conduite de l'entité fusionnée elles peuvent avoir pour effet de l'empêcher de réagir de façon efficace aux conditions changeantes du marché. Elles peuvent aussi limiter un éventuel comportement proconcurrentiel de l'entité fusionnée ou d'autres acteurs du marché.  2, record 17, French, - comportement%20proconcurrentiel

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A firm is treated as a potential competitor if there is evidence that this firm could and would be likely to undertake the necessary additional investments or other necessary switching costs to enter the relevant market in response to a small and permanent increase in prices.  2, record 18, English, - potential%20competitor

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 2 CONT

For a potential competitor considering entry into a telecommunications market and for a regulator examining efficient price structures, it is the future costs of service that matter, not the embedded costs of past investment decisions.  3, record 18, English, - potential%20competitor

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Pour un concurrent éventuel qui songe à entrer sur un marché des télécommunications et pour un organisme de réglementation qui examine les structures de prix efficientes, ce sont les coûts futurs des services qui importent, pas les coûts incorporés des décisions d'investissement antérieur.  2, record 18, French, - concurrent%20%C3%A9ventuel

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Crude oil prices are determined by the interaction of energy supply and demand.... [There] has been a significant increase in energy prices in recent years as a result of high global energy demand and tight energy supply. It is expected that higher energy prices would encourage conservation and bring on additional supplies of energy leading to a moderation of energy prices in the near term.  3, record 19, English, - increase%20in%20energy%20prices

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'effet mécanique d'une hausse des prix de l'énergie ne se limite pas à son seul impact direct. Ces hausses se diffusent aussi par les augmentations de prix qu'elles induisent sur les autres biens et services consommés par l'industrie dans ses processus de production.  3, record 19, French, - hausse%20des%20prix%20de%20l%27%C3%A9nergie

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 20,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

They were faced with the consequences of the monetary contraction, which produced a sharp fall in asset prices and a corresponding increase in nonperforming loans.  2, record 20, English, - monetary%20contraction

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Consequences of the monetary contraction.  2, record 20, English, - monetary%20contraction

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Elles ont dû compter, de surcroît, avec une contraction monétaire qui a provoqué une chute brutale des prix des actifs et un accroissement correspondant des créances douteuses.  3, record 20, French, - contraction%20mon%C3%A9taire

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Debieron encarar las consecuencias de la contracción monetaria, que provocó una fuerte caída de los precios de los activos y el correspondiente aumento de los préstamos no productivos.  1, record 20, Spanish, - contracci%C3%B3n%20monetaria

Record 21,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The demand for financial assets is made to depend on domestic and foreign interest rates, exchange rates expectations, and wealth, and it is precisely the inclusion of this last variable that allows the portfolio balance approach to get back into the analysis the real sector of the economy, represented by the current account.  2, record 21, English, - demand%20for%20financial%20asset

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 2 CONT

According to the keynesian approach, increase in demand for financial assets pushes the prices of financial assets up.  3, record 21, English, - demand%20for%20financial%20asset

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La demande d'actifs financiers s'explique par le souci des détenteurs de diversifier leur portefeuille de placement.  2, record 21, French, - demande%20d%27actif%20financier

Record 21,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 22,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 OBS

To grade or measure according to a schedule; to increase or decrease a basic amount proportionately or according to a graduated schedule. For example, to scale down(or up) wages, interest, prices.  1, record 22, English, - scale

Record 22,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Néologisme peu élégant désignant l'établissement de barèmes qui sert de référence et dispense l'administration de l'examen cas par cas.  1, record 22, French, - bar%C3%A9miser

Record 22,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 23,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In order to fund regulated industry stewardship programs including collection depot networks, some affected brand-owners(e. g. of paint, solvents/flammable liquids and pesticides) decided to increase their product prices and list the increases as a separate line item or "eco-fee" on distributor invoices and consumer receipts. "Eco-fees" are commonly managed by non-profit, industry associations.  1, record 23, English, - eco%2Dfee

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Term usually used in the plural.  2, record 23, English, - eco%2Dfee

Record 23,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Pour financer les programmes de gérance de l'industrie réglementés, y compris les réseaux de collecte, certains propriétaires de marque visés «p. ex., dans le cas des peintures, des liquides solvants/inflammables et des pesticides» ont décidé de majorer le prix de leurs produits, en inscrivant la hausse comme un article distinct ou comme un «éco-droit» sur les factures de leurs distributeurs ou des consommateurs. Ces «éco-droits» sont habituellement gérés par des associations industrielles sans but lucratif.  1, record 23, French, - %C3%A9co%2Ddroit

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Terme habituellement utilisé au pluriel.  2, record 23, French, - %C3%A9co%2Ddroit

Record 23,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 24,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The starting point for the studies was the goal behind liberalizing the country's foreign trade, which was to increase the challenge(competition) posed by imports on domestic markets. The result was to be the disciplining of domestic prices, with them at first tending toward parity with imports.  2, record 24, English, - parity%20with%20imports

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Terminology related to the Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA) negotiating process.  3, record 24, English, - parity%20with%20imports

Record 24,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Terminologie du processus d'établissement de la Zone de libre-échange des Amériques (ZLEA).  2, record 24, French, - parit%C3%A9%20des%20importations

Record 24,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Terminología relacionada con el proceso de establecimiento del Área de Libre Comercio de las Américas (ALCA).  2, record 24, Spanish, - paridad%20de%20importaci%C3%B3n

Record 25,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 CONT

RISC-reduced instruction set computer. The microprocessor, the VLSI chip that serves as the "brain" of a computer, performs all the arithmetic and logical operations within the machine. Microprocessors have become progressively more complex and more powerful, and include a richer, more versatile set of instructions. But noticing that "average" programs spend 90 per cent of their time executing about 10 per cent of the simpler instructions, some designers have taken a reverse track. Attempting to increase speed, they designed ;large, powerful microprocessors which perform only the simpler, faster instructions. RISC processors are used for some fancy workstations, but as our desire for computing power increases and the prices of workstations fall, workstations are becoming an option at the high end of the personal-computer market.  3, record 25, English, - Reduced%20Instruction%20Set%20Computer

Record 25,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Ordinateur qui n'offre que les fonctions essentielles et qui supprime de nombreuses instructions des ordinateurs classiques.  4, record 25, French, - ordinateur%20%C3%A0%20jeu%20d%27instructions%20r%C3%A9duit

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le RISC tend à ne doter le processeur que de fonctions très simples, très vite exécutées.  4, record 25, French, - ordinateur%20%C3%A0%20jeu%20d%27instructions%20r%C3%A9duit

Record 25,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Unidad central de procesamiento (UCP) en que se ha reducido a un mínimo, el número de instrucciones que el procesador puede ejecutar para aumentar la velocidad del procesamiento.  2, record 25, Spanish, - computadora%20de%20conjunto%20de%20instrucciones%20reducido

Record 26,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Situation where there is limited control of prices and wages accompanied by an increase in money demand for goods relative to the supply of goods after the economy is at full employment.  2, record 26, English, - repressed%20inflation

Record 26,  Textual support,  French

Record 26,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 27,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A significant step... has been the creation, in the course of 1974, of the so-called Oil Facility to provide a form of credit for countries facing acute balance-of-payments problems because of the increase in oil prices.  2, record 27, English, - oil%20facility

Record 27,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La création, au cours de 1974, de ce qu'il est convenu d'appeler le «mécanisme pétrolier» a été [...] une étape importante. Ce mécanisme permet, en effet, de fournir une forme de crédit aux pays aux prises avec des problèmes aigus de balance des paiements par suite du renchérissement du pétrole.  2, record 27, French, - m%C3%A9canisme%20p%C3%A9trolier

Record 27,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 28,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The process of retarding the rate of price inflation.  2, record 28, English, - disinflation

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Deflation. A situation in which prices and money incomes are falling, accompanied by an increase in the value of the monetary unit.  3, record 28, English, - disinflation

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 PHR

opportunistic disinflation  4, record 28, English, - disinflation

Record 28,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Ralentissement de la hausse du niveau moyen des prix des biens et services dans une économie.  2, record 28, French, - d%C3%A9sinflation

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Ne pas confondre avec «déflation».  3, record 28, French, - d%C3%A9sinflation

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 2 DEF

Diminution provisoire du taux d'inflation.  4, record 28, French, - d%C3%A9sinflation

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 2 OBS

désinflation opportuniste  4, record 28, French, - d%C3%A9sinflation

Record 28,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 29,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The adverse economic impact of the shift in policies was initially disguised by an increase in economic activity arising from weather conditions and high copper prices.  3, record 29, English, - shift%20in%20policy

Record 29,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Dans un premier temps, le contrecoup économique de ce changement de politique a été masqué par le renforcement de l'activité économique rendu possible par des conditions météorologiques favorables et le niveau élevé des prix du cuivre.  2, record 29, French, - changement%20de%20politique

Record 29,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 30,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Factors capable of producing a downward bias include : 1) improved efficiency in electricity use, given the very low efficiency starting base and subsequent energy-saving reforms; 2) increase in electricity prices; 3) shift in output mix away from electricity-intensive industries(both in existing and newly-formed enterprises) and 4) increased underreporting of electricity consumption.  2, record 30, English, - downward%20bias

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 OBS

BIAS: The difference between the expected value of a statistic and the population value it is intended to estimate.  3, record 30, English, - downward%20bias

Record 30,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Si ces valeurs sont celles de la période de base [...], l'indice aura une erreur systématique par défaut (c.-à-d., les effets des hausses de prix seront sous-estimés et ceux des baisses de prix seront surestimés [...]  1, record 30, French, - erreur%20syst%C3%A9matique%20par%20d%C3%A9faut

Record 30,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 31,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The situation where there is no control of prices and there is an increase in money demand for goods relative to the supply of goods. Shortages are adjusted then by a rise in prices.  1, record 31, English, - open%20inflation

Record 31,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Selon les rythmes (ou degrés), on parle: d'inflation rampante [...]; d'inflation ouverte ("open inflation"): elle est révélée par un taux de hausse des prix de l'ordre de 5 à 8-10%. C'est un phénomène inflationniste déclaré, avec tous les symptômes correspondants et l'apparition de conséquences sur les structures économiques [...]  1, record 31, French, - inflation%20ouverte

Record 31,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 32,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Roses are planted in plastic bags of mulch laid in troughs, with a drip irrigation system delivering water to each plant. Excess water is collected in the tray underneath the mulch, and returned to a recycling facility on the farm. Most newer greenhouses include lighting systems that increase photosynthesis in the winter months, when rose prices are highest.  1, record 32, English, - drip%20irrigation%20system

Record 32,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Système de micro-irrigation caractérisé par la distribution de très faibles débits (de un à douze litres par heure) au moyen de goutteurs.  5, record 32, French, - syst%C3%A8me%20d%27irrigation%20au%20goutte%2D%C3%A0%2Dgoutte

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Actuellement, la surface des serres produisant des légumes est d'environ 1350 ha, dont 1250 ha sont consacrés au concombre en alternance avec la tomate. La plupart des serres sont équipées d'un système d'irrigation au goutte-à-goutte et utilisent une quantité notable de fertilisants solubles.  1, record 32, French, - syst%C3%A8me%20d%27irrigation%20au%20goutte%2D%C3%A0%2Dgoutte

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 2 CONT

La culture de la vigne est rendue possible grâce à un système d'irrigation par goutte à goutte trouvant sa source dans la rivière de Maipo.  4, record 32, French, - syst%C3%A8me%20d%27irrigation%20au%20goutte%2D%C3%A0%2Dgoutte

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 OBS

L'organe de distribution d'un réseau de micro-irrigation par goutte à goutte est le goutteur. Celui-ci peut être en ligne donc inséré sur la rampe ou en dérivation donc fiché dans la paroi de celle-ci ou relié par l'intermédiaire d'un petit tube appelé conducteur.  5, record 32, French, - syst%C3%A8me%20d%27irrigation%20au%20goutte%2D%C3%A0%2Dgoutte

Record 32,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 33,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 OBS

If the exchange rate(of the US dollar vis-à-vis French and Swiss francs) or the prices of goods and services in the new budget are different from the rate and prices used in the previous budget, then the nominal increase is quantified...  1, record 33, English, - nominal%20increase

Record 33,  Textual support,  French

Record 33,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 34,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Factors driving growth in the telecommunications market internationally include global deregulation of the telecommunications industry, continuing decrease in prices as a consequence of competition, interconnection between carriers and an increase in the range of activities that can be and are undertaken using telephone lines.  3, record 34, English, - global%20deregulation%20of%20the%20telecommunications%20industry

Record 34,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Ces dernières années, les investissements dans le secteur Fournisseurs de services et transporteurs ont été dictés par la demande accrue en matière de largeur de bande pour la transmission de données, par la croissance des communications sans fil ainsi que par les nouvelles occasions d'affaires créées par Internet et la poursuite du processus de déréglementation de l'industrie des télécommunications à l'échelle mondiale.  1, record 34, French, - d%C3%A9r%C3%A9glementation%20de%20l%27industrie%20des%20t%C3%A9l%C3%A9communications%20%C3%A0%20l%27%C3%A9chelle%20mondiale

Record 34,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 35,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Futures trading benefits the grain industry in several ways. If primary elevator operators could not avoid the risk of price fluctuations by hedging, banks would charge them more interest on money borrowed to pay producers for grain. They would need wider profit margins, between the price paid to producers and their selling price, to cover the risk of price declines and the higher credit costs. Exporters would need wider profit margins on their sales to cover storage costs or possible price increases between sales and delivery. Processors would have to increase their prices to cover the risk of fluctuating grain costs.  1, record 35, English, - fluctuating%20grain%20costs

Record 35,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les marchés à terme profitent de plusieurs manières à l'industrie céréalière. Si les exploitants de silos primaires ne pouvaient prévenir les risques de fluctuation des prix par une opération de couverture, les banques leur imposeraient un intérêt plus élevé sur leurs emprunts pour payer le grain des producteurs. Leurs marges de profit devraient être plus larges, entre le prix payé aux producteurs et leur prix de vente, pour se protéger contre les risques d'une baisse éventuelle et de frais financiers plus élevés. Les exportateurs devraient prévoir des marges de profit plus larges pour leurs ventes afin de compenser les frais d'entreposage ou les hausses possibles de prix entre la vente et la livraison. Les transformateurs devraient augmenter leurs prix pour se protéger contre les risques d'une fluctuation des cours du grain.  1, record 35, French, - fluctuation%20des%20cours%20du%20grain

Record 35,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 36,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Increase in value over cost or book value. Generally, the term refers to increases resulting from external influences such as rising prices rather than to increases resulting from action of the owner.  4, record 36, English, - appreciation

Record 36,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Accroissement de la valeur d'un bien, par rapport à son coût d'acquisition ou à sa valeur comptable, qui se produit sans que ce bien ait subi des transformations qui expliqueraient l'augmentation de valeur.  3, record 36, French, - plus%2Dvalue

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 OBS

En règle générale, le terme «appreciation» désigne les plus-values attribuables à des facteurs externes comme la hausse des prix plutôt qu'à la bonne gestion d'un bien par son propriétaire. On entend aussi par «plus-value» l'accroissement de la valeur d'un bien entre deux expertises successives, ou encore la différence positive entre la valeur d'expertise d'un bien et sa valeur comptable.  3, record 36, French, - plus%2Dvalue

Record 36,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Incremento del valor de un activo como una acción, obligación, mercancía, divisa o bien inmobiliario. Se reconoce contablemente esta apreciación mediante la revalorización, aunque en el lenguaje común existe cierta confusión en el uso de estos términos.  2, record 36, Spanish, - apreciaci%C3%B3n

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 OBS

apreciación: término y definición extraídos del CAPITAL Business Dictionary con la autorización de LID Editorial Empresarial.  3, record 36, Spanish, - apreciaci%C3%B3n

Record 37,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A surcharge expressed either as a percentage of the freight or a price per cargo tonne w/m, added when fuel prices increase above the level allowed for by air or shipping lines in their freight rates.  2, record 37, English, - bunker%20adjustment%20factor

Record 37,  Textual support,  French

Record 37,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Influye en el cálculo del flete.  1, record 37, Spanish, - factor%20de%20ajuste%20de%20combustible

Record 38,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 DEF

This refers to an economic situation where factors are becoming out of control, so that there is an increase in bank borrowing, prices and wages are beginning to increase, and imports exceed exports widening any balance of payment deficit. [Klein, Gerald. Dictionary of Banking. Pitman Publishing, 1995].  4, record 38, English, - overheated%20economy

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Do not confuse with "overloaded economy".  5, record 38, English, - overheated%20economy

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 2 OBS

overheating: term reproduced from the CAPITAL Business Dictionary with the permission of LID Editorial Empresarial.  6, record 38, English, - overheated%20economy

Record 38,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Se dit d'un état préinflationniste de l'économie, caractérisé par une forte expansion de la production, par des tensions sur les capacités productives et sur le marché du travail et par une hausse des prix menaçant de devenir inquiétante.  5, record 38, French, - surchauffe

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 OBS

économie surchauffée : Banque du Canada 691029; économie en surchauffe : Le Monde 680314.  6, record 38, French, - surchauffe

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 2 OBS

surchauffe : terme extrait du CAPITAL Business Dictionary et reproduit avec l'autorisation de LID Editorial Empresarial.  7, record 38, French, - surchauffe

Record 38,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Economía que está creciendo demasiado rápidamente dando lugar a inflación alta y a ineficacias por desajustes estructurales.  2, record 38, Spanish, - recalentamiento%20de%20la%20econom%C3%ADa

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 OBS

sobrecalentamiento: término y definición extraídos del CAPITAL Business Dictionary con la autorización de LID Editorial Empresarial.  3, record 38, Spanish, - recalentamiento%20de%20la%20econom%C3%ADa

Record 39,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Opening economies to external trade helps get domestic prices "right", so that market signals improve domestic resource allocation, increase efficiency and create conditions under which domestic firms can compete successfully.  1, record 39, English, - domestic%20resource%20allocation

Record 39,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'ouverture des économies au commerce extérieur aide à établir les prix intérieurs à leur juste niveau, de sorte que les signaux du marché améliorent l'allocation des ressources nationales, accroissent l'efficacité et créent les conditions nécessaires pour que les entreprises nationales soutiennent efficacement la concurrence sur les marchés étrangers.  1, record 39, French, - allocation%20des%20ressources%20nationales

Record 39,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 40,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The use of low prices and heavy advertising to increase market share.  2, record 40, English, - penetration%20strategy

Record 40,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Élément de la politique de prix qui consiste, lors du lancement d'un nouveau produit, à fixer un prix assez bas pour s'assurer une demande importante et conquérir le nombre maximal de clients.  1, record 40, French, - p%C3%A9n%C3%A9tration%2Dlancement

Record 40,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 41,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The put options market is in many ways similar to the call options market previously discussed : each have three expiration series listed with a variety of exercise prices; both call and put option premiums tend to decline with the passage of time but rise with an increase in volatility.  2, record 41, English, - put%20options%20market

Record 41,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le marché des options de vente ressemble à bien des égards au marché des options d'achat.  2, record 41, French, - march%C3%A9%20des%20options%20de%20vente

Record 41,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 42,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The put options market is in many ways similar to the call options market previously discussed : each have three expiration series listed with a variety of exercise prices; both call and put option premiums tend to decline with the passage of time but rise with an increase in volatility.  2, record 42, English, - call%20options%20market

Record 42,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le marché des options de vente ressemble à bien des égards au marché des options d'achat.  2, record 42, French, - march%C3%A9%20des%20options%20d%27achat

Record 42,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 43,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Strategic plans and tactical design actions. In the hierarchy of concepts for a company's growth and progress, policies lead to specific goals. Each goal has several measurable objectives.... To attain each objective there must be one or more strategies, or methods of attack to accomplish all facets of the objective.... Consider this example : a company's goal is to improve its long-term profitability from near zero to plus 10%. In order to do this... one [objective] could be to increase profit margins on existing products by 15% or more. Strategies to achieve that objective include :increase prices, find new markets where a higher price can be obtained....  2, record 43, English, - strategic%20study

Record 43,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[Les] études stratégiques (...) sont un élément du management des projets. (...) Dans un contexte industriel, le lancement d'un produit nouveau ne constitue jamais une fin en soi. Il doit répondre à un besoin de l'entreprise, donc à un besoin économique. Ce besoin peut éventuellement être satisfait par des moyens moins contraignants que le développement de produit nouveau. (...) C'est le but des études stratégiques [de faciliter le choix du moyen à retenir.]  1, record 43, French, - %C3%A9tude%20strat%C3%A9gique

Record 43,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 44,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Characterized by a tight supply and a growing demand for quality fine papers, July markets witnessed the increase in bellwether-grade pulp prices to $830 U. S. per metric tonne in North America.  1, record 44, English, - bellwether%2Dgrade%20pulp

Record 44,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Sur le marché de la pâte à papier, type de pâte qui est le plus en demande chez les acheteurs, (par exemple la pâte kraft).  1, record 44, French, - p%C3%A2te%20en%20t%C3%AAte%20du%20march%C3%A9

Record 44,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 45,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Share prices have been valued between $4. 93 and $6. 22 a share. Growth in oil, coal, or sugar prices might increase share prices. CSR has strong earnings growth potential in 1987.  1, record 45, English, - sugar%20price

Record 45,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Ces deux tendances contraires peuvent jouer sur le prix du sucre en le stabilisant ou en lui imprimant une lente tendance à la hausse, si l'hypothèse touchant l'inflation se révèle exacte.  1, record 45, French, - prix%20du%20sucre

Record 45,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 46,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A general equilibrium trade model can be described as one in which supply equals demand in every market and all markets are linked together through the mechanism of relative prices. For instance, an increase in demand in one industry raises the price in that industry with a resulting impact on those industries which either purchase the product as an input or supply the initial industry.  2, record 46, English, - general%20equilibrium%20trade%20model

Record 46,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Terme suggéré par le service de traduction du Conseil économique du Canada.  1, record 46, French, - mod%C3%A8le%20d%27%C3%A9quilibre%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral%20des%20%C3%A9changes

Record 46,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 47,  Textual support,  French

Record 47,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 48,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Appreciation :Increase in value over cost or book value. Generally, the term refers to increases resulting from external influences such as rising prices rather than to increases resulting from utility added by action of the owner.  2, record 48, English, - shared%20appreciation%20mortgage%20program

Record 48,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Hypothèque que le créancier consent à quelqu'un à condition de participer au profit réalisé lors de la revente.  2, record 48, French, - r%C3%A9gime%20d%27hypoth%C3%A8que%20avec%20partage%20des%20recettes%20de%20la%20plus%2Dvalue

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Plus-value: [C'est le profit] résultant de la différence entre le prix de cession d'un bien et son coût d'acquisition.  3, record 48, French, - r%C3%A9gime%20d%27hypoth%C3%A8que%20avec%20partage%20des%20recettes%20de%20la%20plus%2Dvalue

Record 48,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 49,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 49, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Slow price increases are one thing. But when each increase in prices becomes the signal for an increase in wages and costs, which again sends prices up still further, we may be in the midst of a malignant, galloping hyperinflation.  1, record 49, English, - galloping%20hyperinflation

Record 49,  Textual support,  French

Record 49,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 50,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 50, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Naturally, this declining price trend means financial pressure and hardship on those former and rural workers whose efficiency has not undergone tremendous increase; and it means that there will be considerable pressure for people to leave the countryside for jobs in industry. It also means that consumers are paying lower prices for the raw-material component of their foods and that the economy is reallocating its resources toward the things that are now most demanded in our growing society.  1, record 50, English, - declining%20price%20trend

Record 50,  Textual support,  French

Record 50,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 51,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 51, Textual support number: 1 OBS

If world physical production was increasing in the years 1875 to 1895 at the rate of 5 per cent per year, the gold supply would(...) have to increase by 5 per cent per year to keep prices stable.  1, record 51, English, - physical%20production

Record 51,  Textual support,  French

Record 51,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 52,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 52, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Case of inelastic derived demand. Suppose that a particular building-trades union, such as the electricians’, raises wages. This case emphasizes the factors making for inelastic demand and a small resulting drop in employment of electricians.(1) Note that in the short run, employers cannot substitute other factors-such as machines or plasterers-for electricians.(2) Do not forget the importance of being unimportant : The total cost of a house will be little affected by a change in the wage rate of electricians alone. This fact will tend to cause only a mild reduction of employment as a result of an increase in their wages.(3) Suppose there is a great housing shortage so that people feel they need homes desperately. Inelasticity of demand for the final product, housing, will lower the derived elasticity for electricians.(4) Suppose that all practicing electricians must be in the union, so that an increase in wages is not followed by a great increase in nonunion labor supplied. This inelasticity of supply of other factors will tend to make the demand for union electricians inelastic.(5) Suppose, finally, that administered pricing or public regulation will not permit the prices at which houses are available to change much. This will make for a little quantity of houses sold and hence inelastic demand for the factors that build house.  1, record 52, English, - inelastic%20derived%20demand

Record 52,  Textual support,  French

Record 52,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 53,  Textual support,  English

Record 53,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 53, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Mémoire sur la pauvreté.  1, record 53, French, - taux%20d%27augmentation%20des%20prix

Record 53,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 54,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 54, Textual support number: 1 OBS

--the situation where prices and wages are controlled by law, and there is an increase in money demand for goods [Shortages are adjusted then by rationing on priorities. ]  1, record 54, English, - suppressed%20inflation

Record 54,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 54, Textual support number: 1 OBS

--beaucoup de pays (...) se sont efforcés (...) de refouler [ les pressions inflationnistes et de limiter les hausses de prix qui pouvaient en résulter ] : blocage des prix, rationnement  1, record 54, French, - inflation%20latente

Record 54,  Textual support,  Spanish