TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

At relatively little cost, retail credit card operations can be modified to offer cash advances to customers, increasing the value of the service by effectively granting the customer a short-term loan.  3, record 1, English, - cash%20advance

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

advance: In general, a loan, although an advance may be an open account as well as being evidenced by a note, with or without collateral.  4, record 1, English, - cash%20advance

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Prêt à court terme sur la limite de crédit d'une carte de crédit.  4, record 1, French, - avance%20de%20fonds

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

N'oubliez pas que l'argent viré de votre compte VISA à un autre compte est considéré comme une avance en espèces et que l'intérêt court à partir de la date du virement jusqu'à la date du remboursement.  6, record 1, French, - avance%20de%20fonds

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Reduction in the average cost of a product, achieved by increasing the volume of output and in that way using labour, machinery, and other factors of production more efficiently.  2, record 2, English, - economy%20of%20scale

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

For a smaller country, such as Canada, achieving economies of scale may depend on having access to larger foreign markets, since the Canadian market by itself may be too small to support the most efficient volume of production in many industries. A firm should be able to produce a product more efficiently by making use of modern machinery and equipment, skilled and specialized labour, interchangeable parts, automation and large-scale distribution, and be able as a result to fund on-going research and development.  2, record 2, English, - economy%20of%20scale

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

At some point, when marginal cost equals average cost, a plant will stop yielding economies of scale; it will then be at a point where diseconomies of scale begin, with each extra unit of output costing more than the average cost and thus being unprofitable. In other words, a plant can produce both too little and too much.  2, record 2, English, - economy%20of%20scale

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 OBS

economy of scale: term usually used in the plural.  3, record 2, English, - economy%20of%20scale

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Abaissement du coût unitaire de production au fur et à mesure que la production augmente.  2, record 2, French, - %C3%A9conomie%20d%27%C3%A9chelle

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

économie d'échelle : terme habituellement utilisé au pluriel.  3, record 2, French, - %C3%A9conomie%20d%27%C3%A9chelle

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Disminución de los costes medios al aumentar la producción y distribuirse los gastos fijos entre mayor número de factores de producción.  2, record 2, Spanish, - econom%C3%ADas%20de%20escala

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Housing affordability gaps. With the cost of both rental and for-sale housing increasing much faster than household incomes or wages, the result is a gap between what different households can reasonably afford and what is available in both the community as well as the region.  2, record 3, English, - housing%20affordability%20gap

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The RADARSAT Constellation Mission(RCM) includes three identical Earth observation satellites and is a paradigm shift from previous RADARSAT missions. Instead of launching a single large, multi-year operations satellite, the capabilities of the system will be distributed across several small satellites, increasing revisit, and introducing a more robust, flexible system that can be maintained at lower cost and launched into orbit using less expensive launch vehicles.  1, record 4, English, - RADARSAT%20Constellation%20Mission

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La mission de la Constellation RADARSAT (MCR) tire profit de trois satellites identiques d'observation de la Terre. Cette mission constitue un profond changement de paradigme par rapport aux missions RADARSAT antérieures. Au lieu de lancer un seul grand satellite en vue d'une exploitation pendant plusieurs années, les capacités du système seront réparties sur plusieurs petits satellites, ce qui aura pour effet de réduire l'intervalle de survol d'une même cible et de proposer un système plus robuste et plus souple pouvant être entretenu à faible coût et pouvant être mis sur orbite à l'aide de lanceurs moins onéreux.  1, record 4, French, - mission%20de%20la%20Constellation%20RADARSAT

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The microfluidic biochip, which is formed by an etched bottom plate and a top cover plate, includes the fluid delivery manifold, observation and reaction chambers, mixing zones and detection region.  2, record 5, English, - lab%2Don%2Da%2Dchip

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Lab-on-a-chip devices(also known as micro-total-analytical systems or microTAS) are devices designed to miniaturize analytical or bioanalytical techniques and integrate them into a microfabricated format. Techniques such as chemical separations(electrophoresis, chromatography, etc.) or immunoassays are incorporated into microfabricated systems(typically glass, silicon or polymers) with a goal of increasing performance, minimizing reagent requirements, and decreasing cost. BioMEMS devices are similar, typically focusing on MEMS(microelectromechanical systems) with biological applications.  1, record 5, English, - lab%2Don%2Da%2Dchip

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Un laboratoire sur puce (LOC) est un système microfluidique qui permet à d'infimes volumes de liquides ou de gaz d'être pompés dans un canal pour des essais rapides et faciles. On peut dans ces laboratoires miniatures accomplir des tâches telles que des analyse de l'ADN [acide désoxyribonucléique] ou la séparation de cellules sanguines humaines.  3, record 5, French, - laboratoire%2Dsur%2Dpuce

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Le concept de «laboratoire-sur-puce» a émergé dans les années 1990 et il implique l'intégration sur un petit substrat de véritables systèmes d'analyses chimique ou biologique très performants. Les éléments micro-fluidiques assurent la préparation (circuit de mixage, chambre de réaction éventuelle) et le transfert de la solution à analyser. L'analyse --elle-même-- peut être effectuée grâce à la séparation des molécules dans un canal microfluidique par chromatographie ou électrophorèse. Par exemple, une des applications déjà clairement démontrée est la séparation et l'identification des fragments d'ADN [acide désoxyribonucléique] par électrophorèse. Les laboratoires-sur-puce peuvent être réalisés sur substrat de verre ou de silicium en utilisant les techniques de la microélectronique, telles que la photo-lithographie et la gravure sèche ou humide. Les dimensions des canaux micro-fluidiques peuvent être de l'ordre de 50-100 µm de largeur, 2-10 µm de profondeur et de 10-20 mm de longueur.  1, record 5, French, - laboratoire%2Dsur%2Dpuce

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Un laboratorio en un chip. [...] Imaginemos que todo un laboratorio químico, con sus cubetas, cuentagotas, reactivos y mecheros, cupiera en un diminuto circuito integrado pendiente de un llavero. [...] Estos laboratorios integrados en chips se utilizarían en los lugares donde hacen más falta --países en vías de desarrollo, guerras, domicilios-- para la rápida detección del VIH [virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana], del ántrax o de colibacilos (Escherichia coli).  1, record 5, Spanish, - laboratorio%20en%20un%20chip

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Founded in 1971, COST is an intergovernmental framework for European Cooperation in the Field of Scientific and Technical Research, allowing the co-ordination of nationally-funded research on a European level. COST actions cover basic and pre-competitive research as well as activities of public utility. The goal of COST is to ensure that Europe holds a strong position in the field of scientific and technical research for peaceful purposes, by increasing European co-operation and interaction in this field.  1, record 6, English, - European%20Cooperation%20in%20the%20Field%20of%20Scientific%20and%20Technical%20Research

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The Canadian Centre for Emergency Preparedness(CCEP) is a Canadian not-for-profit organization devoted to the promotion of disaster management to individuals, communities and organizations, in both government and the private sector, with the aim of reducing the risk, impact and cost of natural, human-induced and technological disasters. CCEP's objectives are to raise awareness of the increasing risk of disasters, promote the need for sound disaster management practices and disseminate information on the availability of professional expertise and resources, including technology.  1, record 7, English, - Canadian%20Centre%20for%20Emergency%20Preparedness

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Paste backfill is defined as an engineered mixture of fine solid particles(with binder) and water, containing between 72% and 85% solids by weight. Particles in a paste mixture will not settle out of the mixture if allowed to remain stationary in a tank or in a pipeline. It can be placed in stopes with or without binder addition depending on the strength requirements for backfill. Improved pumping technology, environmental concerns and the need for a low cost/high strength fill in mines are driving mine operators to consider paste backfill as a tailings management and mine backfill alternative. The main advantages and disadvantages of a paste backfill system over a conventional hydraulic backfill plant are generally accepted as :... higher strengths can be achieved with an equivalent cement content; drainage of water and slimes from the fill are minimized, reducing the need for bulkhead construction and extensive drainage works. This feature also reduces maintenance on sumps and mine de-watering pumps; in some cases, unclassified tailings can be used to make paste rather than just the coarse fraction as is the case for hydraulic backfill; shorter stope cycle times can be achieved because an equivalent strength can be achieved in a shorter time with paste backfill; paste backfill systems achieve lower porosities than conventional fill thereby increasing the tonnage of material that can be disposed of underground; and, since paste backfill is deposited as a non-segregated mass of backfill(because cement particles are not displaced by the internal movements of the draining water), more predictable strength properties for the fill can be achieved.  2, record 8, English, - paste%20backfilling%20system

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Paste backfilling of mines. A number of mines are installing paste fill systems to replace the current sand fill method. The justification and economies of this conversion include: higher production levels (less wait for dewatering), increased grade of ore to the mill, decrease of stope ore left as pillars, improved haulage with the removal of excess moisture, increased filling rates, and a higher strength fill with less waiting time. The unique problems associated with paste fill applications range from extremely rapid system wear to paste separation and system blockage.  3, record 8, English, - paste%20backfilling%20system

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Remblayage à l'aide de pâtes minérales, remblayage où le matériau de remblai (aussi appelé «remblai» tout court) est constitué d'une pâte minérale. Propositions par inférence à partir des expressions «remblayage par terres d'apport» et «remblayage avec terres de lavoirs», relevées dans la justification reproduite ci-après.  1, record 8, French, - syst%C3%A8me%20de%20remblayage%20par%20p%C3%A2te

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Le remblayage consiste à remplir les vides créés par l'exploitation. Il a un rôle multiple : 1) Il sert de soutènement, les étais (métalliques en général) ne pouvant pas supporter tous les terrains sus-jacents. 2) Il améliore la ventilation. [...] Le remblayage peut se faire par terres d'apport prises sur place (terres de galeries ou terres de fausses voies) ou amenées de l'extérieur (remblayage pneumatique par exemple ou remblayage avec terres de lavoirs amenées du jour ou remblayage hydraulique) ou par foudroyage.  3, record 8, French, - syst%C3%A8me%20de%20remblayage%20par%20p%C3%A2te

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 3 OBS

SNC-Lavalin est un chef de file des services à l'industrie minière, étant en mesure d'offrir toute la gamme des services à l'échelle mondiale : [...] Expertise : · Systèmes de remblayage (ce qui comprend la pâte).  4, record 8, French, - syst%C3%A8me%20de%20remblayage%20par%20p%C3%A2te

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Remblayage. «Rhéologie des pâtes minérales et son implication sur l'acheminement sous terre par pipeline», par Michael Li, Centre de technologie Noranda. Résumé. Le remblai en pâte est de plus en plus utilisé comme soutien pour les mines souterraines. Malgré cette tendance, l'ingénierie et la conception des systèmes de remblais en pâte sont grandement basées sur des méthodes empiriques plutôt que sur des principes scientifiques établis. Vu la faible compréhension de l'écoulement de la pâte minérale par plusieurs, il faut effectuer des essais empiriques lors de la mise en service et l'opération de nouveaux systèmes de remblais en pâte.  2, record 8, French, - syst%C3%A8me%20de%20remblayage%20par%20p%C3%A2te

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... with the increasing cost of labour, manual work is set to be replaced by the use of packaging machines-an area where foreign know-how will continue to be in demand.  2, record 9, English, - foreign%20know%2Dhow

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Know-how ... The information, practical knowledge, techniques, and skill required to achieve some practical end,esp. in industry or technology.  3, record 9, English, - foreign%20know%2Dhow

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Il existe 4 moyens d'exploiter un savoir-faire étranger : on peut acheter de la technologie auprès d'un concepteur local, parrainer (financer) des recherches menées dans une autre entreprise ou dans un autre établissement, mener des activités de R&D en coopération avec une entreprise locale, ou bien implanter ou racheter des laboratoires à l'étranger.  2, record 9, French, - savoir%2Dfaire%20%C3%A9tranger

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A past cost which cannot now be revised and hence cannot(or should not) enter into current decisions for increasing or decreasing present profit levels.  2, record 10, English, - sunk%20cost

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A sunk cost is not an opportunity cost and thus is not included among the costs when a proposed project or other investment is analyzed; only future return to future cost is considered.  3, record 10, English, - sunk%20cost

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

sunk cost: term reproduced from the CAPITAL Business Dictionary with the permission of LID Editorial Empresarial.  4, record 10, English, - sunk%20cost

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Compare with "relevant cost".  4, record 10, English, - sunk%20cost

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Coût résultant d'une décision irrévocable prise dans le passé et constituant, par le fait même, une donnée non pertinente (à l'exception des effets fiscaux s'y rattachant) pour le gestionnaire qui doit prendre une décision. Ainsi, le coût non amorti d'une machine n'influe nullement sur la décision de remplacer cette machine ou de la mettre hors service.  3, record 10, French, - co%C3%BBt%20irr%C3%A9cup%C3%A9rable

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Costo incurrido con anterioridad y debido a una decisión que no puede ya corregirse y que se encuentra relacionado con equipo especializado o con otros medios de producción no adaptables fácilmente a las necesidades presentes o futuras.  2, record 10, Spanish, - coste%20enterrado

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

coste enterrado: término extraído del CAPITAL Business Dictionary con la autorización de LID Editorial Empresarial.  4, record 10, Spanish, - coste%20enterrado

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Main demand drivers are : aging population, geographic dispersion, access to health care, informed consumer, cost containment pressure, CPE demand(licensing requirements increasing.  2, record 11, English, - CPE%20demand

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Starting with today’s level on non-CPE oil demand and prices we linked world oil demand growth positively with economic growth and negatively with price ...  3, record 11, English, - CPE%20demand

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les principaux facteurs qui motivent la demande sont les suivants : le vieillissement de la population, la dispersion géographique, l'accès aux soins de santé, le consommateur averti, la pression de compression des coûts, la demande des PEP (croissance des exigences d'octroi de licences).  2, record 11, French, - demande%20des%20PEP

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The need for valid tests of complex operational aptitude is increasing as the explosion in information technology and associated automation makes more complex operations possible and the cost of placing the wrong person in charge greater than ever. Increasing the information available gives the operator more to attend to, and automation makes it all the more important and difficult to keep track of everything that is going on and decide when some intervention is critical. This is now called situational awareness, and in the case of crew operations, we call it team resource management.  1, record 12, English, - Team%20Resource%20Management

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La nécessité d'avoir des mesures valides d'aptitudes à gérer les opérations ultra-complexes a cru avec l'explosion des technologies de l'information. Ces technologies favorisent l'automatisation des tâches et accentuent le risque de placer la mauvaise personne aux commandes. Jamais dans l'histoire de l'humanité le coût d'une erreur humaine n'aura été aussi important qu'aujourd'hui. La quantité d'information augmentant, l'opérateur doit partager davantage son attention. L'automatisation complique le suivi et la discrimination des événements selon les niveaux d'importance. Cette capacité à partager son attention, à hiérarchiser les événements et à orienter ses réactions s'appelle la connaissance de la situation, et, dans le cas d'équipes de travail, on y ajoute la gestion des ressources d'équipe.  1, record 12, French, - gestion%20des%20ressources%20d%27%C3%A9quipe

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

If at first there is increasing returns, there is at first declining MC [Marginal Cost]-ultimately followed by diminishing returns and increasing MC.  2, record 13, English, - increasing%20return

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Usually in plural.  3, record 13, English, - increasing%20return

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Rate gyroscopes provide a means for measuring angular rate about a particular axis and are traditionally used in a variety of high accuracy control and guidance systems in aircraft, missiles and ships. The conventional rate gyro, based on a high speed rotor, is a mature but relatively complex, delicate and expensive product. For these reasons and the increasing market for less expensive devices, a great deal of research effort has been invested into the development of a rate gyro with a vibrating sensitive element, which would eliminate the need for ball bearing suspensions and hence reduce the mechanical complexity and cost whilst greatly increasing life and robustness. The principle of operation of these devices is based on the coriolis force, which couples together two degenerate modes of vibration of the sensitive element when the sensor rotates.  1, record 14, English, - conventional%20rate%20gyro

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

rate gyro: A special kind of gyroscope that measures rotation rate around a fixed axis.  3, record 14, English, - conventional%20rate%20gyro

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les erreurs de mesure des gyromètres laser peuvent être représentées par des modèles mathématiques beaucoup plus simples que ceux intervenant dans l'étude des gyromètres classiques. Cela résulte essentiellement de l'insensibilité des gyromètres laser aux accélérations.  1, record 14, French, - gyrom%C3%A8tre%20classique

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

gyromètre : Capteur gyroscopique à un ou plusieurs degrés de liberté, utilisé pour la mesure de vitesses angulaires.  2, record 14, French, - gyrom%C3%A8tre%20classique

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

During the last decade, unit fuel costs for Canadian air carriers, defined as the ratio of fuel cost to fuel efficiency(litres per seat-kilometre), has declined on average by 2. 4 per cent a year. That is directly the result of declining fuel prices and increasing aircraft fuel efficiency.  1, record 15, English, - unit%20fuel%20cost

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Table 5-2. Unit Fuel Costs: A Comparison. ... Period 1998-2009: Fuel Price: 1.2 (0.7). ... Fuel Efficiency: 1.4 (0.8). Unit Cost: -0.2 (0.6).  1, record 15, English, - unit%20fuel%20cost

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Voir aussi la fiche pour la notion voisine de «consommation de carburant par siège-kilomètre» (en anglais : «fuel consumption per passenger seat-kilometre».  1, record 15, French, - unit%C3%A9%20de%20consommation%20de%20carburant

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Fabric Forms for Pile Jacketing.... All piles in a marine environment suffer deterioration at varying rates.... General Methods of Repair. The methods used for rehabilitation of piles are varied and constantly increasing in number.... In the 1960s a technique was developed that utilizes construction fabrics as a concrete-forming system. Basically this concept uses as a concrete from a jacket of woven nylon fabric, each end of which is connected by a heavy industrial zipper sewn onto the fabric. The ends of the fabric above and below the deterioriated pile zone are banded to the pile. These fabric forms have proven economic advantages over other concrete forming systems because of their light weight, ease of intallation, relatively low fabric cost, and ease of connection onto the piles at any location above the mudline.  3, record 16, English, - fabric%20form

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Coffrage : Forme de bois, de métal ou de toute autre matière, servant de moule au béton.  2, record 16, French, - coffrage%20textile

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Textile : Qui est constitué de (...) fibres propres à faire des étoffes.  2, record 16, French, - coffrage%20textile

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[Industry Canada] provided an innovative way of improving accessibility and of increasing audience reach and departmental responsiveness at low cost through the Environment Industry Virtual Office...  1, record 17, English, - increase%20audience%20reach

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[Industrie Canada] a proposé un moyen novateur d'améliorer à peu de frais l'accessibilité, tout en élargissant son auditoire et en augmentant sa capacité d'adaptation grâce au Bureau virtuel de l'industrie environnementale [...]  1, record 17, French, - %C3%A9largir%20l%27auditoire

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

1. Sales promotion directly concerned with increasing the consumption of a product or service, for example through reduced price offers or increased packet size. Hard sales promotion is usually higher cost but more effective than soft sales promotion such as competitions and personality promotions. 2. Aggressive selling and marketing methods.  1, record 18, English, - hard%20sales%20promotion

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The well known ACEE(Aircraft Energy Efficiency) program in the United States emerged from the fear of substantial increases in future fuel costs. The slogan was "reduced weight for reduced fuel cost". to achieve high performance, some designs called for individually tailor-made plies which saved a mere ounce at a substantial cost penalty. Instead of the cost of fuel increasing as predicted, it has actually dropped considerably(in real dollars) since the early 1980s, and the demand for high performance has somewhat diminished. Consequently, the ACEE program has lost much of its funding and clout.  3, record 19, English, - Aircraft%20Energy%20Efficiency

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 20,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Another cost was the increasing distance that separated senior management from users of their product or service. Customers and their responses to the company strategy became a set of faceless numbers that bubbled up through the layers.  1, record 20, English, - company%20strategy

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les entreprises eurent aussi à payer le coût d'un élargissement de la distance entre cadres supérieurs et les utilisateurs de leur produit ou service. Les clients et leurs réactions à la stratégie de la société se transformèrent en une série de chiffres anonymes qui se frayaient un chemin vers le haut de la pyramide.  1, record 20, French, - strat%C3%A9gie%20de%20la%20soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 21,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

One of the competitors offered an alternative solution which... allowed a decrease in pier size on the one hand and by using variable inertia box girders, enabled 120-m spans without increasing the deck cost on the other hand.  1, record 21, English, - variable%20inertia%20box%20girder

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Un concurrent a d'ailleurs présenté en variante une solution qui [...] permettait d'une part, de réduire l'importance des piles en adoptant des caissons à inertie variable, et autorisait, d'autre part, une portée de 120 m sans augmentation du coût du tablier.  1, record 21, French, - caisson%20%C3%A0%20inertie%20variable

Record 21,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 22,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A CONFIG. SYS statement that defines the number of disk buffers placed by DOS in memory to enhance disk operations. Each buffer uses about 528 bytes of memory. Increasing the number of buffers tends to speed up file operations at the cost of decreasing available memory.  2, record 22, English, - BUFFERS

Record 22,  Textual support,  French

Record 22,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 23,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

General Methods of Repair. The methods used for rehabilitation of piles are varied and constantly increasing in number. The oldest technique is to use metal forms.... Recently plastic forms have been proposed.... Another recent pile jacketing technique utilizes bitumenized fiber forms.... These fabric forms have proven economic advantages over other concrete forming systems because of their light weight, ease of installation, relatively low fabric cost, and ease of connection onto the piles at any location above the mudline.  1, record 23, English, - rehabilitation%20of%20piles

Record 23,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Réfection: Action de refaire, de réparer, de remettre à neuf. Réfection d'un mur, d'une route. Travaux de réfection.  2, record 23, French, - r%C3%A9fection%20des%20pieux

Record 23,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 24,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

General Methods of Repair. The methods used for rehabilitation of piles are varied and constantly increasing in number. The oldest technique is to use metal forms.... Recently plastic forms have been proposed.... Another recent pile jacketing technique utilizes bitumenized fiber forms.... These fabric forms have proven economic advantages over other concrete forming systems because of their light weight, ease of installation, relatively low fabric cost, and ease of connection onto the piles at any location above the mudline. Basically the fabric is so designed that when concrete is injected into it the excess water bleeds through the weave of the fabric without allowing the cementatious portion to escape.  1, record 24, English, - bitumenized%20fiber%20form

Record 24,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Coffrage: Forme de bois, de métal ou de toute autre matière, servant de moule au béton.  2, record 24, French, - coffrage%20textile%20impr%C3%A9gn%C3%A9%20de%20bitume

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Textile: Qui est constitué de (...) fibres propres à faire des étoffes.  2, record 24, French, - coffrage%20textile%20impr%C3%A9gn%C3%A9%20de%20bitume

Record 24,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 25,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Where the enzyme is expensive then the extra cost of immobilization, with its attendant promise of catalyst re-use, may be less than the cost of continually adding more enzyme to the reaction system. Thus the criterion of re-use of enzyme is important; so too is the stability of the immobilized enzyme in relation to the average residence time of substrate within the reactor. In order to obtain a high yield of product a balance must be struck between flow rate, reactor volume, and enzymic activity. High flow rates and small reactor volumes will give a small residence time and thus, for high product yield, will require a highly active enzyme preparation. Increasing the reactor volume will increase the residence time but will, at least in the case of the packed bed reactor, increase the quantity of immobilized enzyme required and thus the cost of the process.  1, record 25, English, - residence%20time

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 OBS

In an idealized reactor, all the fluid elements would spend the same time in the reactor. But in most real reactor systems, there would be a distribution of residence times of different fluid elements due to nonideal flow characteristics. Thus, space time is a parameter which describes only the macroscopic flow behavior.  2, record 25, English, - residence%20time

Record 25,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le réacteur à lit fixe [...] se présente sous forme d'une colonne garnie par un lit fixe d'enzymes immobilisées. On peut l'alimenter soit à flux descendant, soit à flux ascendant. Dans le cas idéal, toutes les molécules traversent le réacteur à la même vitesse et y séjournent donc pendant le même temps. On dit alors que l'on a un écoulement piston. Dans la réalité, il y a un certain échange de matière par diffusion, ce qui se traduit par l'apparition d'une distribution des temps de séjour.  1, record 25, French, - temps%20de%20s%C3%A9jour

Record 25,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 26,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Current cost method. Pay the regular group life insurance premiums each year until the eventual death of the retired employee. This means an increasing cost per employee and as more employees retire there will be a gradually increasing bill for this insurance.  1, record 26, English, - current%20cost%20method

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 OBS

group insurance.  2, record 26, English, - current%20cost%20method

Record 26,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Méthode du coût courant. On paye chaque année la prime ordinaire de l'assurance-vie collective jusqu'au décès de l'employé retraité. Cette manière de faire se traduit par un coût grandissant par employé et, au fur et à mesure que grandit le nombre d'employés prenant leur retraite, le coût de cette assurance continue à augmenter.  1, record 26, French, - m%C3%A9thode%20du%20co%C3%BBt%20courant

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 OBS

assurance collective.  2, record 26, French, - m%C3%A9thode%20du%20co%C3%BBt%20courant

Record 26,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 27,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Appraisal surplus : the credit result of increasing the recorded value of fixed assets as the result of an appraisal. It is now more generally accepted to use a description such as excess of appraised value of fixed assets over cost.  1, record 27, English, - excess%20of%20appraised%20value%20of%20fixed%20assets%20over%20cost

Record 27,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 OBS

On peut citer l'exemple d'une entreprise qui a acquis des immobilisations à une époque lointaine et qui (...) les fait évaluer pour déterminer leur coût actuel de remplacement  1, record 27, French, - exc%C3%A9dent%20de%20la%20valeur%20estim%C3%A9e%20des%20immobilisations%20sur%20leur%20prix%20co%C3%BBtant

Record 27,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 28,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 OBS

A bowed-out or concave curvature of the production-possibility frontier depicts the law of increasing(relative) costs-as shown by the fact that when we want more farm goods(butter), their(relative) cost in terms of sacrificed Manufactures(guns) rises.  1, record 28, English, - increasing%20relative%20costs

Record 28,  Textual support,  French

Record 28,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 29,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... the fact that our energy supplies are limited, and that the cost of that energy is rapidly increasing, has created an immediate need to design energy-efficient building enclosures.  1, record 29, English, - energy%2Defficient%20building%20enclosure

Record 29,  Textual support,  French

Record 29,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 30,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The "law of increasing(relative) costs" prevails when in order to get equal extra amounts of one good, society must sacrifice ever-increasing amounts of the other good. A boned-out or concave curvature of the production-possibility frontier depicts the law of increasing(relative) costs-as shown by the fact that when we want more farm goods(butter), their(relative) cost in terms of sacrificed Manufactures(guns) rises.  1, record 30, English, - relative%20cost

Record 30,  Textual support,  French

Record 30,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 31,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Whenever one country imports too much and begins to lose gold, its loss of gold reduces its price and cost levels, thereby(1) decreasing its imports of foreign goods that have become relatively dear, and(2) increasing exports of its home-produced goods that have become relatively cheap.  1, record 31, English, - cost%20level

Record 31,  Textual support,  French

Record 31,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 32,  Textual support,  French

Record 32,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 33,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 OBS

We may summarize the modifications in international trade made necessary by increasing costs: As a result of international trade, each country will tend to specialize, as before, in the commodity in which it has the greatest comparative advantage (...)  1, record 33, English, - increasing%20cost

Record 33,  Textual support,  French

Record 33,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 34,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The process evolution typically begins with a "fluid" process-one that is highly flexible, but not very cost efficient-and proceeds toward increasing standardization, mechanization, and automation.  1, record 34, English, - fluid%20process

Record 34,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 OBS

L'évolution [du processus de production] commence généralement avec un processus fluide -- très souple mais faiblement productif -- et tend vers une standardisation, une mécanisation et une automatisation accrues.  1, record 34, French, - processus%20fluide

Record 34,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 35,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Advertising rates were forced upward as more copies were printed, so that, for an increasing number of advertisers, the cost of a single-page ad began to seem entirely out of line with its value.  1, record 35, English, - advertising%20rate

Record 35,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Les tarifs de publicité augmentaient à mesure que l'on imprimait un plus grand nombre d'exemplaires, de sorte que, pour un nombre croissant d'annonceurs, le coût d'une simple annonce devint tout à fait hors de proportion avec sa valeur réelle.  1, record 35, French, - tarif%20de%20publicit%C3%A9

Record 35,  Textual support,  Spanish