TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Defend forward is a concept... developed in response to the escalating pace and sophistication of nation-state sponsored adversaries. It means defending with an offensive mindset, proactively disrupting or stopping malicious cyber activities in their earliest stages, and increasing costs for adversaries. This is how [to] take the fight to attackers and reverse the adversary advantage.  2, record 1, English, - defend%20forward

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] la division numérique [...] dispose [...] plus de latitude dans ses opérations [cybermilitaires], lui permettant [...] de mener des opérations offensives, plutôt que de seulement agir en riposte à des attaques extérieures. [La stratégie qui consiste à] défendre en avant [...] pourrait [...] cibler des pirates à leur insu afin de les neutraliser au moment jugé opportun [...]  3, record 1, French, - d%C3%A9fendre%20en%20amont

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 PHR

se défendre en amont dans le cyberespace  1, record 1, French, - d%C3%A9fendre%20en%20amont

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... the highway patrol can play a significant role by increasing the expected costs and the likelihood of getting caught as a result of violating traffic laws and consequently, potential crash involvement.  2, record 2, English, - highway%20patrol

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The costs and harsh conditions associated with extraction of chitin and its transformation to chitosan currently limit their production. A re-examination of the processing steps, demineralization and deproteination[, ] can contribute to increased utilization of the waste[. One of the objectives was] to optimize deproteination with [an] alkaline solution[. The deproteination] step was facilitated by increasing the temperature of extraction. Extractability of protein increased... as well as [the] temperature...  4, record 3, English, - deproteinization

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La déprotéination de la chitine consiste à solubiliser les protéines présentes dans la matrice de chitine dans une solution aqueuse. Elle peut être effectuée de façon douce ou sévère. Les méthodes douces utilisent des enzymes qui dégradent les protéines en peptides solubles dans l'eau. Ces méthodes sont peu couteuses, mais ne permettent pas l'élimination complète des protéines. L'emploi de soude à température élevée est généralement utilisé pour solubiliser une plus grande partie des protéines.  2, record 3, French, - d%C3%A9prot%C3%A9inisation

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Skimpflation involves spending less or using less time or materials in an attempt to economize. This means that when companies incur higher costs, instead of simply increasing the prices, they skimp on the quality of goods and services that they provide. While you get less with shrinkflation in terms of quantity, with skimpflation you get less in terms of quality.  2, record 4, English, - skimpflation

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Phénomène commercial qui consiste en la diminution de la qualité d'un produit ou d'un service qui n'est pas accompagnée d'une baisse du prix de vente, notamment en période d'inflation non maîtrisée.  1, record 4, French, - d%C3%A9qualiflation

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

déqualiflation : Cette désignation est une proposition conjointe de l'Office québécois de la langue française et du Bureau de la traduction.  1, record 4, French, - d%C3%A9qualiflation

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The Advanced Distributed Combat Training System provides CF-18 pilots with training on the updated aircraft and weapons systems, while reducing airframe-fatigue and overall operating costs for the CF-18 fleet. This system offers training previously available primarily through actual combat, thereby increasing the pilots’ operational readiness in a much safer environment.  3, record 5, English, - Advanced%20Distributed%20Combat%20Training%20System

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Dans le cadre du projet du Système avancé d’entraînement à distance pour le combat, les pilotes de CF-18 reçoivent une formation sur la nouvelle version de l’appareil et de ses systèmes d’armes. Le système permet aussi de réduire l’usure de la cellule des appareils et les coûts opérationnels de la flotte de CF-18. Ce système permet aux pilotes d’effectuer des opérations qui, auparavant, ne pouvaient s’apprendre qu’en situation de combat réel, ce qui permet d’améliorer l’état de préparation opérationnelle des pilotes dans un environnement beaucoup plus sécuritaire.  3, record 5, French, - Syst%C3%A8me%20avanc%C3%A9%20d%26rsquo%3Bentra%C3%AEnement%20%C3%A0%20distance%20pour%20le%20combat

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The Agreement on Internal Trade(AIT) is an intergovernmental agreement signed by Canadian First Ministers that came into force in 1995. Its purpose is to foster improved interprovincial trade by addressing obstacles to the free movement of persons, goods, services and investments within Canada. The establishment of the AIT marks a significant achievement in helping to remove the existing interprovincial trade barriers, prevent the establishment of new barriers and harmonise interprovincial standards. These actions reduce extra costs to Canadian businesses by making internal trade more efficient, increasing market access for Canadian companies and facilitating work mobility for tradespeople and professionals.  1, record 6, English, - Agreement%20on%20Internal%20Trade

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

L'Accord sur le commerce intérieur (ACI) est un accord intergouvernemental signé par les premiers ministres des provinces et territoires du Canada qui est entré en vigueur en 1995. Son but est de favoriser un commerce interprovincial amélioré en traitant les obstacles liés à la libre circulation des personnes, des biens, des services et des investissements à l'intérieur du Canada. La mise en œuvre de l'ACI a grandement contribué à éliminer les barrières commerciales intérieures, à prévenir l'érection de nouvelles barrières et à harmoniser les normes interprovinciales. Ces mesures ont réduit les frais supplémentaires payés par les entreprises canadiennes en rendant le commerce intérieur plus efficace, en créant un accès plus ouvert pour les entreprises canadiennes et en facilitant la mobilité de la main-d'œuvre pour les commerçants et les professionnels.  1, record 6, French, - Accord%20sur%20le%20commerce%20int%C3%A9rieur

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

cost inflation: This term can also mean "cost-push inflation," which is an inflation caused by rising prices.  5, record 7, English, - inflation%20of%20costs

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Electrolytic metal recovery is one of a growing number of tools available to the metal finisher for recovery of the materials lost in the dragout from his plating tanks. The stringent restrictions on the disposal of metal finishing wastes, and the increasing costs of disposing of sludge created by the metal in these wastes, combine to make recovery of the dragout a very attractive proposition.  1, record 8, English, - dragout

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'utilisation d'agents de type tensio-actifs ne réagissant pas chimiquement aux électrodes se développe de plus en plus. Ces agents agissent en diminuant la tension superficielle, en particulier aux électrodes, et permettent ainsi de diminuer la taille des bulles de gaz qui se dégagent, diminuant très sensiblement la quantité de solution entraînée.  2, record 8, French, - solution%20entra%C3%AEn%C3%A9e

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

While these transactions were few in 1986, they have increased tremendously since then, owing to the new policies on revolving funds, net voting and interdepartmental charging, and to the increasing emphasis on more adequate identification of program costs.  1, record 9, English, - increasing%20emphasis

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Alors que le nombre de ces opérations était peu élevé en 1986, il s'est accru énormément depuis, en raison des nouvelles politiques concernant les fonds renouvelables, les crédits nets et la facturation interministérielle, et de l'importance grandissante accordée à une détermination plus précise des coûts des programmes.  1, record 9, French, - importance%20grandissante

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Internal and external best practices implemented through shared business processes across the enterprise can dramatically lower costs while increasing competitiveness.  1, record 10, English, - external%20best%20practices

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Terms usually in the plural form.  2, record 10, English, - external%20best%20practices

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

En bénéficiant de l'expérience des meilleures pratiques externes, ce type d'actions contribue à accroître l'efficacité des organisations.  1, record 10, French, - meilleures%20pratiques%20externes

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Terme généralement utilisé au pluriel.  2, record 10, French, - meilleures%20pratiques%20externes

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Investment aimed at increasing production efficiency and lowering costs.  2, record 11, English, - capital%2Ddeepening%20investment

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

During the last decade, unit fuel costs for Canadian air carriers, defined as the ratio of fuel cost to fuel efficiency(litres per seat-kilometre), has declined on average by 2. 4 per cent a year. That is directly the result of declining fuel prices and increasing aircraft fuel efficiency.  1, record 12, English, - unit%20fuel%20cost

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Table 5-2. Unit Fuel Costs: A Comparison. ... Period 1998-2009: Fuel Price: 1.2 (0.7). ... Fuel Efficiency: 1.4 (0.8). Unit Cost: -0.2 (0.6).  1, record 12, English, - unit%20fuel%20cost

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Voir aussi la fiche pour la notion voisine de «consommation de carburant par siège-kilomètre» (en anglais : «fuel consumption per passenger seat-kilometre».  1, record 12, French, - unit%C3%A9%20de%20consommation%20de%20carburant

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

There were also gardens of strictly architectural design--huge walled enclosures with corner towers, a central palace, regularly disposed avenues, and tanks of water. Deer and pheasants were kept in these gardens, which combined the quality of hunting park and of hortus conclusus, or closed garden ....  2, record 13, English, - walled%20garden

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Walled gardens were an important feature of the historic demesnes in Great Britain and Ireland. They were built to provide a favourable micro-climate for fruit, vegetable and flower production, and were staffed by large teams of highly skilled horticulturalists. At the beginning of the 20th century, however, walled gardens were in decline. With increasing labour costs, and the ready availability of fresh produce, it was no longer economic to maintain self sufficiency within an estate. A further blow was dealt by the two world wars, and the attendant social and economic changes.  1, record 13, English, - walled%20garden

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le promenoir se prête admirablement à entourer le petit jardin carré enfermé par des murs devant une demeure de style, il est bien dans l'esprit de ce que l'on dénomme "jardin de curé", traité avec des lignes classiques, encadrant les massifs de fleurs cernés de buis. Il s'impose pour restituer à une demeure d'allure médiévale ou Renaissance son cadre un peu austère, mais aussi sa réelle beauté.  1, record 13, French, - jardin%20ferm%C3%A9

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The well known ACEE(Aircraft Energy Efficiency) program in the United States emerged from the fear of substantial increases in future fuel costs. The slogan was "reduced weight for reduced fuel cost". to achieve high performance, some designs called for individually tailor-made plies which saved a mere ounce at a substantial cost penalty. Instead of the cost of fuel increasing as predicted, it has actually dropped considerably(in real dollars) since the early 1980s, and the demand for high performance has somewhat diminished. Consequently, the ACEE program has lost much of its funding and clout.  3, record 14, English, - Aircraft%20Energy%20Efficiency

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Low interest rates will spur growth by reducing borrowing costs and by increasing consumer confidence.  1, record 15, English, - spur%20growth

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

De faibles taux d'intérêt stimuleront la croissance en rendant les emprunts moins coûteux et en rehaussant la confiance des consommateurs.  2, record 15, French, - stimuler%20la%20croissance

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Since the beginning of the present object classification system in 1966, transactions between departments and programs for goods and services have been occurring throughout the government and have been recorded by standard and economic/source objects. While these transactions were few in 1966, they have increased tremendously since then, owing to the new policies on revolving funds, net voting and interdepartmental charging, and to the increasing emphasis on more adequate identification of program costs.  3, record 16, English, - interdepartmental%20charging

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Depuis l'instauration du système actuel de classification par article, en 1966, les ministères et organismes consignent par article courant et par article économique ou d'origine les opérations interministérielles et inter-programmes qu'ils effectuent relativement à la fourniture de biens et de services. Alors que le nombre de ces opérations était peu élevé en 1966, il s'est accru énormément depuis, en raison des nouvelles politiques concernant les fonds renouvelables, les crédits nets et la facturation interministérielle, et de l'importance grandissante accordée à une meilleure détermination plus précise des coûts des programmes.  2, record 16, French, - facturation%20interminist%C3%A9rielle

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada] will reduce and redirect federal resources devoted to inspection and regulation activities through, for example, reducing overlap and duplication, increasing recovery of costs as well as sharing of responsibilities and streamlining arrangements with industry.  1, record 17, English, - redirect%20resources

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[Agriculture et Agro-alimentaire Canada] réduira et réacheminera les ressources fédérales affectées à des activités d'inspection et de règlementation notamment en réduisant le chevauchement et le dédoublement, en accroissant le recouvrement des coûts, en partageant les responsabilités et en rationalisant les arrangements avec l'industrie.  1, record 17, French, - r%C3%A9acheminer%20les%20ressources

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada] will reduce and redirect federal resources devoted to inspection and regulation activities through, for example, reducing overlap and duplication, increasing recovery of costs as well as sharing of responsibilities and streamlining arrangements with industry.  1, record 18, English, - streamline%20an%20arrangement

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[Agriculture et Agro-alimentaire Canada] réduira et réacheminera les ressources fédérales affectées à des activités d'inspection et de règlementation notamment en réduisant le chevauchement et le dédoublement, en accroissant le recouvrement des coûts, en partageant les responsabilités et en rationalisant les arrangements avec l'industrie.  1, record 18, French, - rationaliser%20un%20arrangement

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A number of columns in series, but of different ages, out of phase with each other.... This procedure enables better enzyme utilization but requires a larger volume of reactor than when conversion was maintained by continuously decreasing the flow rate.... By employing an adequate number of reactors, the variation in throughput level, while maintaining constant conversion, can be maintained within any desired limits.  1, record 19, English, - reactor%20battery

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Most commercial plants have at least six columns in the reactor battery controlled by microprocessor feedback devices. While increasing the number of reactors provides greater operational flexibility and minimal flow rate variation, it is nevertheless important to accept the resulting higher costs for reactor piping, valves, and instrumentation. There is also a marginal increase in operational costs due to more frequent catalyst changes.  1, record 19, English, - reactor%20battery

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 20,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A theory holding that(1) a new type of retailing institution gains a foothold in the retailing structure by competing on a low-status, low-price, low-service basis;(2) then, to expand its market, this retail institution increases its service and product offerings, thus increasing its costs and prices;(3) this leaves room at the bottom for the next low-price, low-service type of retailer to enter the retailing structure; and(4) the "wheel of retailing" continues to turn as new institutions enter the retail market.  1, record 20, English, - wheel%2Dof%2Dretailing%20theory

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 21,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 DEF

... law which ... prevails when in order to get equal extra amounts of one good, society must sacrifice ever-increasing amounts of the other good.  1, record 21, English, - law%20of%20increasing%20costs

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

Record 21,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 22,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 OBS

A bowed-out or concave curvature of the production-possibility frontier depicts the law of increasing(relative) costs-as shown by the fact that when we want more farm goods(butter), their(relative) cost in terms of sacrificed Manufactures(guns) rises.  1, record 22, English, - increasing%20relative%20costs

Record 22,  Textual support,  French

Record 22,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 23,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A situation of reduced reach and higher costs due to the increasing number of vehicles at any given time.  1, record 23, English, - audience%20fragmentation

Record 23,  Textual support,  French

Record 23,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 24,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Except by increasing operating costs it is difficult to exceed the previously-indicated mixing rates by pumping alone.  1, record 24, English, - mixing%20rate

Record 24,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[Modes de brassage utilisés dans les digesteurs primaires de boues]. Il est difficile, à moins de dépenses importantes, d'assurer par le seul pompage des débits de brassage supérieurs à ceux indiqués précédemment.  1, record 24, French, - d%C3%A9bit%20de%20brassage

Record 24,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 25,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Having acknowledged the law of increasing costs(...), we now examine implications of the related law of diminishing returns.  1, record 25, English, - law%20of%20increasing%20costs

Record 25,  Textual support,  French

Record 25,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 26,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The "law of increasing(relative) costs" prevails when in order to get equal extra amounts of one good, society must sacrifice ever-increasing amounts of the other good. A boned-out or concave curvature of the production-possibility frontier depicts the law of increasing(relative) costs-as shown by the fact that when we want more farm goods(butter), their(relative) cost in terms of sacrificed Manufactures(guns) rises.  1, record 26, English, - relative%20cost

Record 26,  Textual support,  French

Record 26,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 27,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 OBS

There are still gains from trade; but because of diminishing returns and increasing costs, there is not so much specialization as before and not quite such large gains. Note that at the equilibrium point, where no further trade is possible, relative(extra, or "marginal") production costs in the two countries are equal(...)  1, record 27, English, - relative%20extra%20production%20cost

Record 27,  Textual support,  French

Record 27,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 28,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Where there are monopolistic imperfections that produce deviations from ideal competitive marginal-cost pricing-and in situations of strong increasing returns and decreasing costs, such deviations are practically inevitable(...)  1, record 28, English, - competitive%20marginal%2Dcost%20pricing

Record 28,  Textual support,  French

Record 28,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 29,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 OBS

We may summarize the modifications in international trade made necessary by increasing costs : As a result of international trade, each country will tend to specialize, as before, in the commodity in which it has the greatest comparative advantage(...)  1, record 29, English, - increasing%20cost

Record 29,  Textual support,  French

Record 29,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 30,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 OBS

In fact, even if there were no differences in comparative costs between two countries, it might pay for them to toss a coin to decide who was to produce each of two goods subject to increasing returns or decreasing costs.  1, record 30, English, - comparative%20cost

Record 30,  Textual support,  French

Record 30,  Textual support,  Spanish