TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index(SPEI) takes into account both precipitation and potential evapotranspiration(PET) in determining drought(precipitation minus PET).  1, record 1, English, - standardized%20precipitation%20evapotranspiration%20index

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] l'indice normalisé d'évapotranspiration des précipitations [...] tient compte à la fois des précipitations et de l'évapotranspiration potentielle pour déterminer la sécheresse (soustrayant l'évapotranspiration potentielle des précipitations).  1, record 1, French, - indice%20normalis%C3%A9%20d%27%C3%A9vapotranspiration%20des%20pr%C3%A9cipitations

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

... a soil/duff drought index [developed by Keetch and Byram(1968]) that ranges from 0(no drought) to 800(extreme drought) and is based on soil capacity of 8 inches of water. Factors in the index are maximum daily temperature, daily precipitation, antecedent precipitation, and annual precipitation.  4, record 2, English, - Keetch%2DByram%20drought%20index

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The Keetch Byram Drought Index(KBDI) provides a daily measure of soil dryness, which, in turn, gives an indication of water stress in plants. The KBDI represents the net effect of precipitation and evapotranspiration in producing cumulative moisture deficiency in deep duff or upper soil layers. The KBDI has a range from 0(no drought or soil moisture deficiency, i. e. soil at field capacity) to 2000(extreme drought, maximum soil moisture deficiency possible). The index can be viewed as the amount of rain needed to bring the soil back to saturation, with one mm of rain reducing the index by 10 points. The 0-2000 point scale is divided into three drought classes : 0-999=Low; 1000-1499=Moderate; 1500-2000=High. The KBDI is simple to calculate as it uses only two, daily weather observations-maximum temperature and 24-hour rainfall. The system functions in a book-keeping fashion where estimates of daily evapo-transpiration and measurements of precipitation increase or decrease the value of yesterdays index. The KBDI by itself is not a Fire Danger Rating System as it gives no indicate of the ease of ignition of the vegetation, or of the rate of fire spread, fire intensity and difficulty of control. It does however serve as a useful measure of drought occurrence.  7, record 2, English, - Keetch%2DByram%20drought%20index

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Keetch-Byram Drought Index(KBDI) :... 0-200 : Soil moisture and large class fuel moistures are high and do not contribute much to fire intensity. Typical of spring dormant season following winter precipitation. 200-400 : Typical of late spring, early growing season. Lower litter and duff layers are drying and beginning to contribute to fire intensity. 400-600 : Typical of late summer, early fall. Lower litter and duff layers actively contribute to fire intensity and will burn actively. 600-800 : Often associated with more severe drought with increased wildfire occurrence. Intense, deep burning fires with significant downwind spotting can be expected. Live fuels can also be expected to burn actively at these levels.  9, record 2, English, - Keetch%2DByram%20drought%20index

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 3 CONT

... the Palmer Drought Index(PDI) and the Keetch-Byram Drought Index(KBDI)... were [both] developed by John Keetch and George Byram, and originally were developed as aids for agriculture. The... KBDI is used extensively in the eastern states and also in some parts of the west.  10, record 2, English, - Keetch%2DByram%20drought%20index

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

In the metric system the value of the index is usually assumed to range from 0 to 200 mm (even though 800 points actually corresponds to 204 mm).  3, record 2, English, - Keetch%2DByram%20drought%20index

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Keetch-Byram Drought Index [is] a commonly-used drought index adapted for fire management applications...  11, record 2, English, - Keetch%2DByram%20drought%20index

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 3 OBS

"Duff" is... an important term in the fire weather program of the US Forest Service, used to describe the partially decayed organic matter on the forest floor which can become highly combustible during drought periods and contribute to the longevity and spread of forest fires.... the Keetch-Byram Drought Index is sometimes referred to as the soil/duff drought index because it is a measure of how dry the soil and duff layers are.  6, record 2, English, - Keetch%2DByram%20drought%20index

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

On écrirait mieux «sècheresse».  2, record 2, French, - indice%20de%20s%C3%A9cheresse%20Keetch%2DByram

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 OBS

sècheresse : Cette graphie, puisée des Rectifications de l'orthographe recommandées par le Conseil supérieur de la langue française, est attestée dans le Petit Robert (2006).  3, record 2, French, - indice%20de%20s%C3%A9cheresse%20Keetch%2DByram

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A number representing the net effect of evapo-transpiration and precipitation in producing cumulative moisture depletion in deep duff or upper soil layers.  3, record 3, English, - drought%20index

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

An index of hydrological drought corresponding to levels below the mean in streams, lakes, reservoirs, and the like. However, an index of agricultural drought must relate to the cumulative effects of either an absolute or an abnormal transpiration deficit.  4, record 3, English, - drought%20index

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[...] évaluation numérique de la teneur moyenne en eau des épaisses couches organiques compactes.  4, record 3, French, - indice%20de%20s%C3%A9cheresse

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

On écrirait mieux «sècheresse».  5, record 3, French, - indice%20de%20s%C3%A9cheresse

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 2 OBS

sècheresse : Cette graphie, puisée des Rectifications de l'orthographe recommandées par le Conseil supérieur de la langue française, est attestée dans le Petit Robert (2006).  6, record 3, French, - indice%20de%20s%C3%A9cheresse

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 3 OBS

L'indice [...] est exprimé par un nombre absolu variant de 0 à 25.  7, record 3, French, - indice%20de%20s%C3%A9cheresse

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 4 OBS

En hydrologie, un indice de sécheresse concerne les niveaux des cours d'eau, des lacs et des réservoirs, comparés à leurs valeurs moyennes. En agriculture, il doit se rapporter aux effets cumulatifs d'un déficit de transpiration absolu ou anormal.  8, record 3, French, - indice%20de%20s%C3%A9cheresse

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 5 OBS

C'est un indicateur utile des effets saisonniers des sécheresses sur les combustibles forestiers et du degré de latence du feu dans les épaisses couches organiques et les grosses billes.  4, record 3, French, - indice%20de%20s%C3%A9cheresse

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Valor calculado con relación a algunos de los efectos acumulativos de una prolongada y anormal deficiencia de humedad.  2, record 3, Spanish, - %C3%ADndice%20de%20sequ%C3%ADa

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Un índice de sequía hidrológica se referiría a niveles por debajo de la media en los cursos de agua, lagos y embalses. Sin embargo un índice de sequía agrícola ha de referirse a los efectos de un déficit total o anormal de transpiración en los cultivos.  2, record 3, Spanish, - %C3%ADndice%20de%20sequ%C3%ADa

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An index which is related to some of the cumulative effects of a prolonged and abnormal moisture deficiency.  2, record 4, English, - drought%20index

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The most commonly used indicators of drought are the Palmer Drought Index(PDI) and the Keetch-Byram Drought Index(KBDI). Both were developed by John Keetch and George Byram, and originally were developed as aids for agriculture.  3, record 4, English, - drought%20index

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

An index of hydrological drought corresponding to levels below the mean in streams, lakes, reservoirs, and the like. However, an index of agricultural drought must relate to the cumulative effects of either an absolute or an abnormal transpiration deficit.  4, record 4, English, - drought%20index

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Byram-Keetch, Keetch-Byram, Keetch-Byram(Soil Moisture), Multi-spectral, Palmer, Palmer Hydrological, drought index.  5, record 4, English, - drought%20index

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Indice relié à certains des effets cumulatifs d'un déficit d'humidité prolongé et anormal.  4, record 4, French, - indice%20de%20s%C3%A9cheresse

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

On écrirait mieux «sècheresse».  5, record 4, French, - indice%20de%20s%C3%A9cheresse

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 2 OBS

sècheresse : Cette graphie, puisée des Rectifications de l'orthographe recommandées par le Conseil supérieur de la langue française, est attestée dans le Petit Robert (2006).  6, record 4, French, - indice%20de%20s%C3%A9cheresse

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 3 OBS

Plusieurs méthodes ont été utilisées pour évaluer l'intensité de la sécheresse en fonction de sa durée mensuelle, saisonnière et annuelle; la plus couramment utilisée était l'écart en pourcentage à la moyenne ou la normale pluviométrique. On a estimé aussi le déficit hydrique en comparant l'évapotranspiration potentielle à la pluviométrie. L'intensité a été également évaluée en terme d'indices, dont le plus connu est celui proposé par Palmer (PDI ou Palmer Drought Severity Index).  3, record 4, French, - indice%20de%20s%C3%A9cheresse

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Indice de sécheresse de Palmer.  2, record 4, French, - indice%20de%20s%C3%A9cheresse

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Índice relacionado con algunos de los efectos acumulativos que son consecuencia de una prolongada y anormal deficiencia de humedad.  2, record 4, Spanish, - %C3%ADndice%20de%20sequ%C3%ADa

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Un índice de sequía hidrológica se referiría a niveles por debajo de la media en los cursos de agua, lagos y embalses. Sin embargo un índice de sequía agrícola ha de referirse a los efectos de un déficit total o anormal de transpiración en los cultivos.  3, record 4, Spanish, - %C3%ADndice%20de%20sequ%C3%ADa

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The reduction of multispectral scanning measurements to a single value for the purpose of predicting and assessing vegetation characteristics.  2, record 5, English, - vegetation%20condition%20index

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

An index [used] for drought detection and tracking in many countries of the world.  3, record 5, English, - vegetation%20condition%20index

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 OBS

vegetation condition index; VCI: term and abbreviation officially approved by the RADARSAT-2 Terminology Approval Group (RTAG).  2, record 5, English, - vegetation%20condition%20index

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'indice de condition de la végétation (VCI), «Vegetation Condition Index», (Kogan, 1995] conçu pour estimer le stress hydrique est entièrement basé sur le NDVI [Normalized Difference Vegetation Index].  1, record 5, French, - indice%20de%20condition%20de%20la%20v%C3%A9g%C3%A9tation

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Indice utilisé pour la détection et l'observation de la sécheresse dans plusieurs pays.  3, record 5, French, - indice%20de%20condition%20de%20la%20v%C3%A9g%C3%A9tation

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 OBS

indice de condition de la végétation; VCI : terme et abréviation uniformisés par le Groupe de travail de la terminologie de RADARSAT-2 (GTTR).  2, record 5, French, - indice%20de%20condition%20de%20la%20v%C3%A9g%C3%A9tation

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An index used to gage the severity of drought conditions by using a water balance equation to track water supply and demand.  7, record 6, English, - Palmer%20drought%20severity%20index

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The Palmer Index was developed by Wayne Palmer in the 1960s and uses temperature and rainfall information in a formula to determine dryness. It has become the semi-official drought index. The Palmer Index is most effective in determining long term drought-a matter of several months-and is not as good with short-term forecasts(a matter of weeks). It uses a 0 as normal, and drought is shown in terms of minus numbers; for example, minus 2 is moderate drought, minus 3 is severe drought, and minus 4 is extreme drought.... The Palmer Index can also reflect excess rain using a corresponding level reflected by plus figures; i. e., 0 is normal, plus 2 is moderate rainfall, etc.  8, record 6, English, - Palmer%20drought%20severity%20index

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Palmer Drought Severity Index(PDSI)... compares the actual amount of precipitation received in an area during a specified period with the normal or average amount expected during that same period. It was developed to measure lack of moisture over a relatively long period of time and is based on the supply and demand concept of a water balance equation. Included in the equation are amount of evaporation, soil recharge, and runoff and temperature and precipitation data.  9, record 6, English, - Palmer%20drought%20severity%20index

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 3 CONT

PALMER DROUGHT INDEX [is] a long-term meteorological drought severity index produced by the NOAA/USDA(Department of Agriculture) Joint Agricultural Weather Facility [that] depicts prolonged times, as in months or years, of abnormal dryness or wetness [over large regions]. It responds slowly, changing little from week to week, and reflects long-term moisture runoff, recharge, and deep percolation, as well as evapotranspiration.  10, record 6, English, - Palmer%20drought%20severity%20index

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 4 CONT

Literature describing the suite of indices for measuring drought that are collectively known as "PDI"; including the Palmer Drought Severity Index(PDSI), Palmer Hydrologic Drought Index(PHDI)...  5, record 6, English, - Palmer%20drought%20severity%20index

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The Palmer Index has long been used by the agriculture community to anticipate the potential effects of weather on crop development and yield.  11, record 6, English, - Palmer%20drought%20severity%20index

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Palmer Drought Index [is] published periodically by the Joint Agricultural Weather Facility.  11, record 6, English, - Palmer%20drought%20severity%20index

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 3 OBS

... this [PDSI] index is calculated weekly by the National Weather Service [(United States)].  7, record 6, English, - Palmer%20drought%20severity%20index

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Il est donc évident que les États-Unis reçoivent plus de pluies, plutôt que l'inverse. Cela peut se vérifier en examinant les indices hydrologiques, tels que l'indice Palmer de gravité de sécheresse qui mesure à la fois les sécheresses et les précipitations extrêmes.  5, record 6, French, - indice%20de%20s%C3%A9v%C3%A9rit%C3%A9%20de%20s%C3%A9cheresse%20de%20Palmer

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 2 CONT

De nombreux indices de sécheresse ont été élaborés pour tenter de combiner les divers paramètres influant sur les sécheresses en un chiffre unique. À titre d'exemple, citons l'indice de précipitation cumulative, fondé sur un paramètre unique, celui des précipitations, et l'indice Palmer de gravité de sécheresse, plus complexe, basé sur une analyse en profondeur du bilan des eaux superficielles et une comparaison entre les valeurs réelles et les valeurs possibles compte tenu du climat.  6, record 6, French, - indice%20de%20s%C3%A9v%C3%A9rit%C3%A9%20de%20s%C3%A9cheresse%20de%20Palmer

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

On écrirait mieux «sècheresse».  7, record 6, French, - indice%20de%20s%C3%A9v%C3%A9rit%C3%A9%20de%20s%C3%A9cheresse%20de%20Palmer

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 2 OBS

sècheresse : Cette graphie, puisée des Rectifications de l'orthographe recommandées par le Conseil supérieur de la langue française, est attestée dans le Petit Robert (2006).  8, record 6, French, - indice%20de%20s%C3%A9v%C3%A9rit%C3%A9%20de%20s%C3%A9cheresse%20de%20Palmer

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Climatic characteristic defined by the ratio of the difference between precipitation and evapotranspiration to the potential evapotranspiration.  3, record 7, English, - Thornthwaite%20moisture%20index

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[The] Thornthwaite moisture index [is] a method for monitoring the soil water budget for relatively large areas based on the pioneering work of C. W. Thornthwaite(1948) using the concept of potential evapotranspiration. The Palmer Drought Severity Index and the companion "crop moisture index, "developed by W. C. Palmer, are modifications of the earlier Thornthwaite work.  4, record 7, English, - Thornthwaite%20moisture%20index

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Caractéristique climatique définie par la différence entre la précipitation et l'évapotranspiration divisée par l'évapotranspiration potentielle.  1, record 7, French, - indice%20d%27humidit%C3%A9%20de%20Thornthwaite

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Característica climática cuyo valor es la diferencia entre la precipitación y la evapotranspiración dividida por la evapotranspiración potencial.  1, record 7, Spanish, - %C3%ADndice%20de%20humedad%20de%20Thornthwaite

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The National Remote Sensing Agency, Government of India has been monitoring agricultural drought since 1989, through RS technology using Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI) which is the spectral indicator of such crop condition.  1, record 8, English, - spectral%20indicator

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La chlorose observée lors d'une sénescence précoce provoquée par un stress suggère une voie d'étude basée sur les modifications spectrales liées à la dégradation des chlorophylles. Tout paramètre spectral associé aux teneurs en chlorophylle peut donc constituer un indicateur spectral de sénescence précoce liée au dépérissement. La longueur d'onde correspondant au point d'inflexion de l'épaulement entre les faibles réflectances du proche infrarouge a fait l'objet d'études allant dans ce sens [...]  1, record 8, French, - indicateur%20spectral

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish