TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A diagnostic modeling scheme based on a procedural network contains all the necessary subskills for the global skill, as well as all the possible buggy variants(or bugs) of each subskill. It can replace an individual subskill in the procedural network by one of its bugs, and thus attempt to reproduce a student's incorrect behavior. If such a faulted network does obtain the same answers as the student on a sufficient set of problems, the bugs that have replaced their correct siblings in the network are then posited as being those possessed by the student. Such an instantiation of the subprocedure calls, which actually models the student in a deterministic fashion, is considered a deep-structure model : it explains the student's incorrect behavior in terms of a set of exact internalized errors, rather than of, say, a probabilistic estimate of correct and incorrect answers such as is typical of stochastic models.  1, record 1, English, - deep%2Dstructure%20model

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Voir : structure profonde.  2, record 1, French, - mod%C3%A8le%20de%20structure%20profonde

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A model evasion attack would allow attackers to modify inputs into the AI [artificial intelligence] model in a way that causes it to misclassify or misinterpret them, changing its intended behavior. This can be done visibly to a human observer(for example, putting small stickers on stop signs to cause self-driving cars to ignore them) or invisibly(for example, changing individual pixels in an image by adding noise that tricks an object recognition model).  2, record 2, English, - model%20evasion%20attack

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les attaques par exfiltration de modèle visent à permettre le vol d'un modèle d'IA [intelligence artificielle] et/ou de ses paramètres et hyperparamètres.  2, record 2, French, - attaque%20par%20exfiltration%20de%20mod%C3%A8le

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

In WUSOR-II(Carr and Goldstein, 1977), a student model that compares the student's behavior with the expert's. The student's state of knowledge is viewed as a subset of the expert's knowledge : hence the term "overlay". The overlay model has a single critic that determines when an individual skill can be considered as acquired.  4, record 3, English, - overlay%20model

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The overlay model will fail if the domain allows for multiple problem-solving paradigms and if the student follows one that the expert is not programmed to know, possibly making good moves that the expert system would consider non-optimal. Dealing with multiple paradigms would require a "meta-expert" - a set of different experts among which the system would choose the appropriate model.  4, record 3, English, - overlay%20model

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 2 CONT

... an overlay model specifies which portion, and thereby ... which knowledge units the student still needs to learn.  5, record 3, English, - overlay%20model

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[The overlay model] has a serious restriction on the modeling capability, since it cannot represent the student’s incorrect knowledge.  6, record 3, English, - overlay%20model

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 2 OBS

TPart of the model is overlay-like (the model includes that part of the student’s knowledge which overlaps with the knowledge of the system): it contains the proof of the current stage of achievement, together with the student’s plan.  7, record 3, English, - overlay%20model

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Image des connaissances de l'apprenant vues comme un sous-ensemble de la base de connaissances du module expert. Elle reproduit fidèlement les concepts maîtrisés, les chemins empruntés dans le réseau pour les découvrir et l'historique de l'enseignement.  1, record 3, French, - mod%C3%A8le%20cognitif%20partiel

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Notion introduite par B. Carr et I. Goldstein en 1977 et adoptée depuis 1980 dans la construction du système Sophie. Plus récemment, on considère que les connaissances de l'apprenant comprennent surtout des connaissances (incorrectes) autre que celles de l'expert.  1, record 3, French, - mod%C3%A8le%20cognitif%20partiel

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 2 OBS

La plupart des systèmes d'EIAO considèrent l'état des connaissances de l'élève donne un sous-ensemble des connaissances de l'expert.  3, record 3, French, - mod%C3%A8le%20cognitif%20partiel

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The third and last phase of epistemic diagnosis where the updating of the knowledge state takes place as a continuous series of observations from which new diagnostic information is integrated into the existing student model. This includes the recognition of patterns that manifest themselves over time. The updating methods use scalar attributes, such as numerical weights, associated with individual elements of the knowledge state. These weights are updated by some statistical or pseudostatistical computations as knowledge manifests itself in behavior. Some diagnostic updating methods are very similar to what is called in AI "truth maintenance" or "belief revision"(Doyle 1979, de Kecer 1986).  1, record 4, English, - longitudinal%20consistency

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Diagnostic updating methods which combine theories of learning and belief revision in a form of "reasoning about learning" still belong to the future (Halpern 1986).  1, record 4, English, - longitudinal%20consistency

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A diagnostic modeling scheme based on a procedural network contains all the necessary subskills for the global skill, as well as all the possible buggy variants(or bugs) of each subskill. It can replace an individual subskill in the procedural network by one of its bugs, and thus attempt to reproduce a student's incorrect behavior. If such a faulted network does obtain the same answers as the student on a sufficient set of problems, the bugs that have replaced their correct siblings in the network are then posited as being those possessed by the student. Such an instantiation of the subprocedure calls, which actually models the student in a deterministic fashion, is considered a deep-structure model  1, record 5, English, - diagnostic%20modeling%20scheme

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

A model of behavior centered on the individual.  1, record 6, English, - individual%20behavior%20model

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish