TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A statutory form of collective property ownership in which the units are individually owned and the common property is owned by all the unit owners collectively.  4, record 1, English, - condominium

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... there are four core elements to the condominium concept as understood in Canada. First, individual titles are held by unit holders. Second, common areas are held collectively by the unit holders(as tenants in common). Third, owners are entitled to participate in the governance of the condominium. Fourth, owners are obligated to contribute to the maintenance of the common property.  5, record 1, English, - condominium

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Équi­valent de la copropriété divise civiliste, le condominium est une forme de propriété qui permet de combiner propriété individuelle (des por­tions privées) et propriété commune (des espaces partagés), chaque unité d'habitation possédant un titre de propriété individuel.  1, record 1, French, - condominium

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Forma especial de configurar el derecho de propiedad sobre inmuebles divididos por pisos o locales en el plano horizontal, reconociéndose a su titular el derecho exclusivo de propiedad sobre el piso o local y un derecho de copropiedad sobre los elementos comunes del inmueble.  2, record 1, Spanish, - propiedad%20horizontal

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The purpose of the LEX arc is to form an access route from an individual concept to a word in a lexical memory.  1, record 2, English, - LEX%20arc

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A particular object or relation, an instance of a generic object.  1, record 3, English, - individual%20concept

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Terminological research carried out on an individual term or concept or on a group of terms or concepts belonging to one or more subject fields, sometimes referred to as "single-term research" and "multiple-term research" respectively.  1, record 4, English, - term%20research

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

term research: term officially approved by the Terminology Branch, Public Works and Government Services Canada.  2, record 4, English, - term%20research

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Recherche terminologique portant soit sur une notion ou un terme isolé, soit sur un groupe restreint de notions ou de termes relatifs à un ou plusieurs domaines d'emploi. Dans le premier cas, on l'appelle «recherche ponctuelle stricte» et, dans le second cas, «recherche ponctuelle thématisée».  1, record 4, French, - recherche%20ponctuelle

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

recherche ponctuelle : terme uniformisé par la Direction de la terminologie, Travaux publics et Services gouvernementaux Canada.  2, record 4, French, - recherche%20ponctuelle

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Cultural continuity is the ability to preserve the historical traditions of a culture and carry them forward with that culture into the future, and it is closely linked to the concept of cultural identity... Cultural identity has a major influence on our confidence and self-esteem. However, because of years of colonization and assimilation there is a disconnect from the cultural values and traditions espoused in Indigenous communities... Cultural disconnection and lack of cultural continuity creates a loss of confidence at the individual level in understanding how to live life and make decisions...  1, record 5, English, - cultural%20continuity

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... minority stress encompasses the excess pressure that people from stigmatized social categories are exposed to as a result of their minority position.... The concept of minority stress rests on three underlying assumptions. First it is unique, meaning that those in stigmatized groups have the added burden of dealing with stress over and above the stress that is experienced by others. Second, it is chronic, in that it is related to largely immobile social and cultural structures. Third, it is socially based, stemming from societal elements and institutional systems beyond the individual.  2, record 6, English, - minority%20stress

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Minority stress is both additive and intersectional. In other words, individuals who are members of multiple minority groups often experience greater minority stress than those individuals who are only members of one minority group. In addition, people with intersectional identities may experience stressors unique to those identities.  3, record 6, English, - minority%20stress

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The concept of "infantilism" and its main features are defined as an organization of the personality that includes traits and behavioral models that are typical of one's earlier age periods and not appropriate to the person's actual age, which is most articulately manifested in emotional and volitional immaturity of an individual.  1, record 7, English, - infantilism

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'infantilisme correspond à l'état d'une personne qui se caractérise par la persistance à l'âge adulte de caractères propres à l'enfance. Il peut s'agir de caractères physiologiques (par exemple, un retard de développement de croissance et de la puberté) ou psychiques.  2, record 7, French, - infantilisme

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

While the concept of disruptive coloration has been standard textbook material... with applications ranging from military uniforms and equipment to art..., empirical verification of the functional mechanism underlying disruptive coloration has remained elusive for two main reasons. First, disruptive coloration invariably occurs in conjunction with background matching, so disentangling their individual contributions to camouflage is therefore challenging... Second, disruptive coloration is best defined in terms of its function(impairing recognition) rather than its appearance...  4, record 8, English, - disruptive%20coloration

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The Known Traveller Digital Identity concept will be central to enabling a more secure and seamless traveller journey. … The concept is based on the idea that an individual is in control of providing specific identity information(e. g. biometric, biographic and travel history) to governmental and private-sector players along the journey, such as border control agencies, car rental [companies], hotels and airlines, for risk profiling, verification and access.  2, record 9, English, - Known%20Traveller%20Digital%20Identity

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

L'initiative Identité numérique des voyageurs connus vise à utiliser des technologies comme la chaîne de blocs et la biométrie pour améliorer la sécurité autour du transport aérien international. [...] L'idée derrière le concept est de fournir aux voyageurs un plus grand contrôle sur leurs informations d'identification en éliminant le besoin d'une base de données centrale. Les voyageurs se fient plutôt à un «registre distribué fondé sur les permissions» qui permettrait le transfert d'informations sur les antécédents d'un voyageur et les endroits où il s'est rendu, par exemple.  3, record 9, French, - Identit%C3%A9%20num%C3%A9rique%20des%20voyageurs%20connus

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

What is split dollar life insurance? Exempt life insurance is comprised of an insurance protection component and a tax-deferred investment component. The split dollar concept recognizes that these components can be matched to the parties that require a particular benefit with each party entitled to an interest in the contract. The advantages of sharing the costs and benefits of one life insurance contract over each party owning individual policies are that the parties only purchase the aspect of the policy they want or need, which can result in cost savings and increased rates of return.  1, record 10, English, - split%20dollar%20life%20insurance

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

En quoi consiste l'assurance vie à prime partagée? Un contrat d'assurance vie exonéré se compose d'un élément protection d'assurance et d'un élément placement avec report d'impôt. Dans le cadre du concept de prime partagée, ces éléments peuvent être rattachés à chacune des parties selon les avantages qu'elles recherchent, chaque partie possédant un intérêt dans le contrat. Pour les parties, il est plus avantageux de répartir entre elles les coûts et les garanties d'un contrat d'assurance vie unique au lieu de souscrire chacune un contrat, car chacune achète alors uniquement l'élément du contrat qu'elle souhaite ou dont elle a besoin, ce qui se traduit par une économie de coût et un rendement accru.  1, record 10, French, - assurance%20vie%20%C3%A0%20prime%20partag%C3%A9e

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An alternative emission-reduction plan offered in state implementation programs for air pollution control [which] allows an industrial facility to reduce controls in a part of its plant where pollution control costs are high, in exchange for a comparable increase in pollution control in another part of the same plant where abatement is less expensive.  2, record 11, English, - bubble%20concept

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Since the EPA [U. S. Environmental Protection Agency]-sponsored proposal treats an industrial facility in terms of its total emissions as if it had a bubble over it the program is known as the bubble concept. The cost-effective mix of pollution controls is an alternative to a standard plan in which regulations are applied to each individual process of the industrial plant.  2, record 11, English, - bubble%20concept

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Système qui autorise une entreprise comprenant plusieurs sources de pollution à réduire les émissions de certaines sources, très coûteuses à maîtriser, moins que ne l'exigent les normes en vigueur, à condition que d'autres émissions, moins coûteuses à maîtriser, soient réduites au-delà des normes, de façon que les émissions globales de l'entreprise ne dépassent pas les normes, [ce qui] revient à placer toutes les installations de l'entreprise sous une «bulle» fictive et à ne mesurer la pollution qu'à la sortie de celle-ci.  2, record 11, French, - principe%20de%20la%20bulle

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Parmi les opérations organisées par le règlement définitif de l'EPA [U.S. Environmental Protection Agency] du 4 décembre 1986 sur le programme d'«Emissions trading» figurait la notion de «bubble». Celle-ci correspond effectivement à une vente, puisqu'à la différence du «netting», également organisé par ce règlement, elle désigne des compensations d'émissions pouvant avoir lieu entre plusieurs firmes (compensations externes) et non pas entre différents points d'émission au sein d'une même installation. L'interaction d'un acheteur et d'un vendeur est donc présupposée.  3, record 11, French, - principe%20de%20la%20bulle

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 2 OBS

On trouve [...] l'offset, qui veut que pour un produit polluant donné, les nouvelles sources d'émission ou les sources qui en sont démunies ne peuvent se procurer des permis qu'auprès des sources existantes. Le système de la bulle permet de regrouper les émissions des différents produits d'une même source et autorise donc les compensations intra-source entre polluants. La solution dite du réseau («netting») est voisine de la précédente en ce sens qu'elle autorise également des compensations mais sans obligation de localisation. Enfin, le «banking» permet d'épargner des permis non utilisés pour une utilisation future, ce qui est interdit dans les autres systèmes.  4, record 11, French, - principe%20de%20la%20bulle

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 3 OBS

autres équivalents de traduction possibles : système de prise en compte globale, de globalisation (de l'action antipollution engagée par une entreprise, compte tenu de toutes les unités de production qui la composent). [Renseignements extraits du «Glossaire de l'environnement anglais/français» de l'OCDE (Organisation de coopération et de développement économique) et reproduits avec l'autorisation de l'OCDE.]  2, record 11, French, - principe%20de%20la%20bulle

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 4 OBS

Pour exprimer cette notion certaines périphrases seraient plus heureuses que l'image anglaise de bulle, étrangère aux locuteurs français. Ainsi on pourra utiliser des expressions du type «principes des émissions en bloc, des émissions indivisibles, des émissions globales»; «principe de la prise en compte globale, de la globalisation». Finalement d'autres images françaises pourraient tout aussi bien servir à rendre cette notion : le toit, le chapeau, le bloc, le dôme, la coupole, etc. [Renseignements extraits du «Glossaire de l'environnement anglais/français» de l'Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques» et reproduits avec l'autorisation de l'OCDE.]  2, record 11, French, - principe%20de%20la%20bulle

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

criterio de contaminación total permisible.  2, record 11, Spanish, - principio%20de%20la%20burbuja

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The basic concept behind a machinery co-op is that the co-op owns and controls the use of machinery and equipment. The individual assigns his land for production purposes to the co-operative. The co-op manages all field operations and co-ordinates labour inputs by its members. However, each member retains his farmer status and therefore is entitled to a permit book. He will deliver his share of the grain and from this income will pay his share of operating expenses and machinery financing. Each member is also responsible for his own land cost including taxes.  5, record 12, English, - farm%20machinery%20co%2Doperative

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L’objectif principal d’une CUMA est d’offrir un cadre légal aux entreprises agricoles qui utilisent en commun de la machinerie, des équipements, des intrants, de l’outillage ou autre matériel, et ce, au moindre coût possible.  3, record 12, French, - coop%C3%A9rative%20d%27utilisation%20de%20mat%C3%A9riel%20agricole

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

coopérative de machines agricoles : terme extrait du «Glossaire de l’agriculture» et reproduit avec l’autorisation de l’Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques.  4, record 12, French, - coop%C3%A9rative%20d%27utilisation%20de%20mat%C3%A9riel%20agricole

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Up to 1970, stream quality standards in the United States were largely the responsibility of individual states. The federal government became dominant in 1970 through passage of the National Environmental Policy Act which instituted the concept of environmental impact statements and established the Environmental Protection Agency(EPA). In 1972, the Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments were passed which provided effluent limitation guidelines and authority to levy fines for noncompliance. This act stipulated a step-wise schedule for meeting conventional discharge criteria, the first target level by 1977 being equivalent to "best practical technology"(BPT), and the second target level by 1983 being equivalent to "best available technology economically achievable"(BAT).  4, record 13, English, - best%20available%20technology

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

En 1972, les pouvoirs publics fédéraux modifièrent la loi en vigueur sur la pollution de l'eau pour que des limites soient imposées à la charge polluante des effluents et que les contrevenants deviennent passibles d'amendes. Il était stipulé qu'à partir de 1977, la pollution industrielle ne devait pas être supérieure à celle qu'occasionnent des rejets préalablement soumis à un traitement secondaire. Il s'agissait là d'une réduction maximale de la pollution d'un point de vue technique («Best Practical Technology - BPT»). L'étape suivante, à réaliser pour 1983, visait une réduction supplémentaire de la pollution par suite de la mise en œuvre de toutes les techniques mises au point et économiquement viables («Best Available Technology Economically Achievable - BAT»).  2, record 13, French, - meilleures%20techniques%20existantes

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Terme tiré d'un lexique des sigles préparé par la section de traduction Environnement le 1er janvier 1985.  1, record 13, French, - meilleures%20techniques%20existantes

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A group of at least two athletes meeting with a similar group in a sports event according to the rules of their game.  2, record 14, English, - team

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The blind athlete and guide are a team in the ski sports.  3, record 14, English, - team

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The concept of team exists in team sports as well as in individual sports. As long as two players make a side in a sport(tennis, figure skating, bobsleigh, rowing, etc.), they form a team.  2, record 14, English, - team

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Regroupement d'au moins deux athlètes qui affrontent un groupe d'athlètes de même nombre dans une épreuve sportive selon les règles de leur discipline.  2, record 14, French, - %C3%A9quipe

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le guide et l'athlète aveugle forment une équipe dans les disciplines de ski.  3, record 14, French, - %C3%A9quipe

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le concept d'équipe existe dans les sports d'équipe comme dans les sports individuels. Ainsi, les joueurs en double au tennis et les couples en patinage artistique sont considérés comme des équipes. En cyclisme, l'épreuve sur route se fait par équipes de quatre.  2, record 14, French, - %C3%A9quipe

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The extent to which [a test] appears to measure what it purports to measure.  2, record 15, English, - face%20validity

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The concept of face validity is similar to item subtlety, but there are important differences as well. Whereas face validity describes the transparency of an entire test, item subtlety describes the transparency of individual test items...  3, record 15, English, - face%20validity

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Concordance apparente entre l'aspect du test et ce qu'il est censé mesurer.  3, record 15, French, - validit%C3%A9%20apparente

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Gender harassment. Not all harassment is sexual harassment. An individual can be harassed because she is a woman or because he or she transgresses gender roles, and so forth. The concept of gender harassment is meant to permit redress where a person is harassed on the basis of his or her gender but the conduct is not sexual or does not take place in a sexual context.  2, record 16, English, - gender%20harassment

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Toute conduite ou abus de pouvoir se manifestant par des paroles, des actes et des gestes à connotation sexiste répétés et non désirés [de nature] à porter atteinte à la dignité, à l'intégrité physique ou psychologique de la personne ou de nature à entraîner des conditions de travail et d'études très défavorables.  3, record 16, French, - harc%C3%A8lement%20sexiste

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le harcèlement sexiste se manifeste entre autres par des affirmations, des remarques, des allusions, des plaisanteries, ou des propositions de nature sexiste désobligeantes et persistantes qui dénigrent l'individu, le groupe ou l'orientation sexuelle d'une personne ou qui ont comme effet d'humilier ou d'exclure une personne ou un groupe de personnes.  3, record 16, French, - harc%C3%A8lement%20sexiste

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La Commission générale de terminologie et de néologie du gouvernement de la France déconseille l'usage du terme «genre» comme équivalent de «gender» lorsqu'il est question des différences et des relations sociales entre hommes et femmes. Pour rendre la construction adjectivale du terme «gender», la Commission recommande, selon le contexte, l'usage de locutions telles que «hommes et femmes», «masculin et féminin» ou bien d'apporter des solutions au cas par cas.  4, record 16, French, - harc%C3%A8lement%20sexiste

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[A concept in psychoanalytical theory] in which one perceives all or part of another individual as constituing all or part of themselves.  2, record 17, English, - incorporation

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Incorporation is derived from the Latin incorporare, meaning "to form into a body". It is perhaps the most basic form of taking the outside world into the inner world, being focused on bodily sensation and ingestion. Although this need not mean actual bodily ingestion, this term is used to explain the way that incorporation is experienced and conceived. By bringing something into the body, I make it undeniably a part of the physical, solid and real me. Once incorporated, it cannot be separated from me, but I can choose what to do with it, including destroying or expelling it.  3, record 17, English, - incorporation

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Mode de relation à l'objet qui tend à faire pénétrer en soi, demeurer en soi, au moins fantasmatiquement.  2, record 17, French, - incorporation

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Concept relatif à la psychanalyse.  3, record 17, French, - incorporation

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

En psicoanálisis, mecanismo primitivo de defensa que actúa inconscientemente, por el que se ingiere de forma figurativa la representación psíquica total o parcial de la persona.  2, record 17, Spanish, - incorporaci%C3%B3n

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[Introyección.] Proceso puesto en evidencia por la investigación analítica: el sujeto hace pasar, en forma fantaseada, del "afuera" al "adentro", objetos y cualidades inherentes a estos objetos. La introyección está próxima a la incorporación, que constituye el prototipo corporal de aquélla, pero no implica necesariamente una referencia al límite corporal.  3, record 17, Spanish, - incorporaci%C3%B3n

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The concept of open marriage was popularised by Nena and George O’Neill in their best selling book "Open Marriage"(1972). The central theme of their new model for marriage is a concern for personal growth and independence in the marital relationship which suits individual needs, but which are also mutually agreed upon... Despite the fact that a small part of [the] book concerned extramarital sex, this characteristic mistakenly has been seized upon as the major feature of open marriage.  2, record 18, English, - open%20marriage

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'expression «mariage ouvert», utilisée pour la première fois par Nena et George O'Neill dans leur best-seller (1972), prête particulièrement à confusion. Souvent mal interprétée, leur description du mariage s'attachait surtout à l'égalité et à la flexibilité des rôles [...] et à la possibilité laissée à chacun de s'épanouir séparément, sans toutefois encourager l'ouverture sur le plan sexuel.  2, record 18, French, - mariage%20ouvert

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A form of memory in which information is stored with "mental tags" about where, when and how the information was picked up.  2, record 19, English, - episodic%20memory

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Tulving introduced the concept of episodic memory in 1972, contrasting it with semantic memory. Episodic memory was assumed to refer to the capacity to recollect individual events, its essence being the capacity to represent a specific event located in time and place. Semantic memory, on the other hand, was assumed to correspond to general facts about the world, with no reference to spatial and temporal context.  3, record 19, English, - episodic%20memory

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Mémoire qui n'indexe principalement que les caractéristiques biographiques, épisodes ou événements singuliers de la vie de l'individu qui ne peuvent en aucun cas être assimilés à des connaissances générales.  2, record 19, French, - m%C3%A9moire%20%C3%A9pisodique

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Comme son nom l'indique, la mémoire épisodique enregistre des épisodes de notre vie qui se situent dans un contexte spatio-temporel. Il peut s'agir de souvenirs anciens, comme le jour de notre mariage, ou encore d'événements plus récents, comme une sortie au cinéma la semaine passée. Ainsi, le fait de se remémorer l'endroit où a eu lieu la cérémonie de mariage nous facilitera l'accès à de nombreux détails et anecdotes sur les invités.  3, record 19, French, - m%C3%A9moire%20%C3%A9pisodique

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Memoria formada por las impresiones almacenadas de experiencias personales (episodios) de la vida de uno.  1, record 19, Spanish, - memoria%20epis%C3%B3dica

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La memoria episódica es rica en detalles concretos y es almacenada en forma de secuencias de eventos que ocurrieron en lugares y momentos particulares, mientras que la memoria semántica era más abstracta y era almacenada en términos de conceptos y principios relacionados de manera lógica.  1, record 19, Spanish, - memoria%20epis%C3%B3dica

Record 20,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The concept of defamilialisation is often defined as the extent to which individual adults can uphold a socially acceptable standard of living, independently of family relationships, either through paid work or through social security provision. Defamilialisation can therefore be used as a way of testing the extent to which welfare states facilitate female autonomy and economic independence from the family.  3, record 20, English, - defamilialisation

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

C'est pourquoi, les pays peuvent être appréhendés à partir de la typologie des États providence [...] basée sur le critère de démarchandisation, infléchie par l'apport de la critique féministe centrée sur le degré de défamilialisation, c'est-à-dire de collectivisation des responsabilités liées à la famille.  2, record 20, French, - d%C3%A9familialisation

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 21,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Evolution seen as explaining the origin of species.  2, record 21, English, - evolutionism

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The theory that all of life and the universe have developed by growth and change. It includes the concept that individual species grow out of one another by modification and adaptation.  3, record 21, English, - evolutionism

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Compare with creationism.  4, record 21, English, - evolutionism

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS

L'évolutionnisme cherche à situer l'espèce humaine parmi les autres espèces animales, dont on découvrait les principes d'évolution.  2, record 21, French, - %C3%A9volutionnisme

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Comparer avec créationnisme.  3, record 21, French, - %C3%A9volutionnisme

Record 21,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Teoría [...] desvinculada de condicionamientos míticos o religiosos [cuya] idea central [indica] que es posible ordenar en serie las formas de vida natural de tal modo que se infiera intuitivamente el paso de una forma de vida a la otra.  1, record 21, Spanish, - evolucionismo

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Comparar con creacionismo.  2, record 21, Spanish, - evolucionismo

Record 22,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

One of interesting aspects in understanding complex social system is about how simple interactions occur among elements constitutes it : human individual interactions emerge as a complex macro phenomena(Paczuski, 2000). In Sociology, this concept later known as human agency(Fuch, 2002; Situngkir, 2003a) or structure of macro-micro linkage in social system(Sawyer, 2001; Situngkir, 2003b).  1, record 22, English, - complex%20social%20system

Record 22,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[Dans] un système social complexe, personne ne dispose d'une vision d'ensemble du système. En règle générale, nous ne concevons notre système social que par l'expérience pratique que l'on en possède, et cette pratique en détermine l'horizon.  1, record 22, French, - syst%C3%A8me%20social%20complexe

Record 22,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 23,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The concept of “territoriality, ” based on bilingual districts, will eventually be abandoned in favour of one of “personality”(individual rights) in order to increase coverage of bilingual services.  1, record 23, English, - concept%20of%20territoriality

Record 23,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le concept de « territorialité » véhiculé par les districts bilingues sera par contre abandonné pour celui de « personnalité » (droits des individus) afin d'accroître la couverture des services bilingues.  1, record 23, French, - concept%20de%20territorialit%C3%A9

Record 23,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 24,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The concept of whole language, or meaning-based teaching, employs various approaches geared to individual student needs.  2, record 24, English, - whole%20language%20learning

Record 24,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les professeurs sont ainsi invités à travailler à partir de situations concrètes et de thèmes appropriés aux élèves, en évitant de dispenser un cours magistral, encyclopédique ou abstrait. Le programme français insiste ainsi sur le fait que l'apprentissage culturel ne doit pas être dissocié de l'apprentissage global de la langue (développement de compétences communicatives, grammaticales, lexicales, etc.).  2, record 24, French, - apprentissage%20global%20de%20la%20langue

Record 24,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 25,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Solar thermal power plants based on the distributed collection concept employ large numbers of individual collectors distributed in a field. The heat generated in each collector is piped to a central heat storage and power generation units.  1, record 25, English, - solar%20distributed%20collector%20power%20plant

Record 25,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 CONT

On étudie donc depuis quelques années, des centrales dites distribuées, c'est-à-dire où chaque collecteur est muni de sa propre chaudière, qui mettent à profit des miroirs moins sophistiqués et d'une concentration plus faible que celle des centrales à tour.  2, record 25, French, - centrale%20distribu%C3%A9e

Record 25,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 27,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Libertarian concept of individual rights unconstrained by government.  1, record 27, English, - negative%20freedom

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 CONT

negative liberty ... The philosophical concept of negative liberty or absolute liberty refers to an individual’s liberty from being subjected to the authority of others. In this negative sense, one is considered free to the extent to which no person interferes with his or her activity.  3, record 27, English, - negative%20freedom

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 2 CONT

... It is generally thought along the two opposite concepts of positive liberty and negative liberty. The latter designates a negative condition in which an individual is protected from tyranny and the arbitrary exercice of authority, while the former implies the right to exercise civil rights, such as standing for office.  4, record 27, English, - negative%20freedom

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Freedom is a concept that refers, in a negative way, to the absence of submissiveness, servility and self-determination, a concept that describes the independence of man.  5, record 27, English, - negative%20freedom

Record 27,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Droit fondamental de faire tout ce que la société n'a pas le droit d'empêcher; exercice des volontés légitimes de chacun dans la limite des nécessités de l'ordre social.  1, record 27, French, - libert%C3%A9%20individuelle

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La liberté négative est l'absence de coercition [...] La liberté négative exige le respect de la liberté individuelle comme un absolu.  3, record 27, French, - libert%C3%A9%20individuelle

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 2 CONT

L'autonomie est ainsi identique à la liberté négative du libéralisme classique, qui consiste à protéger les individus de toute interférence de la part des autorités ou d'experts.  4, record 27, French, - libert%C3%A9%20individuelle

Record 27,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 28,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The case law on the question of informed consent or the duty of disclosure has exhibited a variety of classification of risks involved in proposed surgery or therapy.  6, record 28, English, - duty%20of%20disclosure

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 2 CONT

... the Court asked whether the doctor’s duty to disclose and his discretion to withhold information are governed by medical practice or imposed by law? They are imposed by law.  7, record 28, English, - duty%20of%20disclosure

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 3 CONT

The obligation of disclosure must always rest with the doctor who is to carry out the treatment or investigative procedure.  8, record 28, English, - duty%20of%20disclosure

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 4 CONT

... the Supreme Court of Canada declared that "the concept of individual autonomy is fundamental to the common law and is the basis for the requirement that disclosure be made to a patient".... As such, the scope of the disclosure obligation is only rarely, if ever, mediated by external factors.  4, record 28, English, - duty%20of%20disclosure

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 5 CONT

... a doctor’s obligation to disclose was considered part of the fiduciary relationship between doctor and patient.  5, record 28, English, - duty%20of%20disclosure

Record 28,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] les cours ont étendu le devoir de divulgation de la façon suivante : «... le chirurgien doit également, lorsque les circonstances l'exigent, expliquer les solutions de rechange au traitement proposé et les risques qu'elles comportent».  5, record 28, French, - devoir%20de%20divulgation

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Il n'existe [...] pas d'obligation de divulguer tous les risques possibles car cela serait contraire à la réalité médicale.  2, record 28, French, - devoir%20de%20divulgation

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 3 CONT

[...] l'autonomie individuelle forme un élément de base de la common law et est le fondement de l'obligation de divulgation envers le patient.  3, record 28, French, - devoir%20de%20divulgation

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 4 CONT

La jurisprudence sur la question du consentement éclairé ou le devoir de divulguer propose plusieurs classifications des risques que comporte une opération chirurgicale ou un traitement envisagé.  4, record 28, French, - devoir%20de%20divulgation

Record 28,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 29,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Everyone has the right to decide what is to be done to one's own body. This includes the right to be free from medical treatment to which the individual does not consent. This concept of individual autonomy is fundamental to the common law and is the basis for the requirement that disclosure be made to a patient.  1, record 29, English, - individual%20autonomy

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Security of the person has an element of personal autonomy, protecting the dignity and privacy of individuals with respect to decisions concerning their own body.  1, record 29, English, - individual%20autonomy

Record 29,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[ ... ] une notion d'autonomie personnelle qui comprend, au moins, la maîtrise de l'intégrité de sa personne sans aucune intervention de l'État et l'absence de toute tension psychologique et émotionnelle imposée par l'État.  1, record 29, French, - autonomie%20individuelle

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 2 CONT

La common law, comme la [Charte canadienne des droits et libertés], reconnaît donc l'importance fondamentale de l'autonomie individuelle et de l'autodétermination dans notre système juridique.  1, record 29, French, - autonomie%20individuelle

Record 29,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 30,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An iterative process of interactions with prospective stakeholders that results in a stakeholder network from which the new product/process/technology emerges.  2, record 30, English, - entrepreneurial%20innovation

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The concept of enactment, where the individual and social merge in mutual creation, negotiation and reconfiguration, makes it possible to understand entrepreneurial innovation not as a simple combination of individual goals, traits and cash, but as a meaningful social and communicative activity of waging and projecting desirable futures.  3, record 30, English, - entrepreneurial%20innovation

Record 30,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Une approche de la politique de l'innovation orientée vers le marché qui prend en considération non seulement les fournisseurs et les utilisateurs immédiats des nouvelles connaissances, mais aussi les bénéficiaires indirects, les utilisateurs finaux et les intermédiaires.  2, record 30, French, - innovation%20entrepreneuriale

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'innovation entrepreneuriale est un processus qui se renforce au fur et à mesure que le nombre d'entreprises innovantes augmente, au travers de l'apprentissage, de la coopération et de l'échange de bons procédés.  3, record 30, French, - innovation%20entrepreneuriale

Record 30,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 31,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The usual description of the scattering of radiation is based on the assumption of scattering by individual particles. However, this concept breaks down if the medium becomes ’continuous’, that is if the distance between the scattering particles becomes less than the wavelength of the radiation(analogous to the specular reflection from a surface). The usual effects of scattering(i. e. spatial redistribution of radiation) disappear in this case as the scattering phase function becomes sharply peaked into the forward direction. Density gradients of the medium will then result in a quasi-refraction effect(the refraction of light in the earth's atmosphere is likely to be of this type).  3, record 31, English, - sharply%20peaked

Record 31,  Textual support,  French

Record 31,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 32,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The concept includes equipping freight cars with individual traction motors so that each is self-propelled.  2, record 32, English, - high%20productivity%20integral%20train

Record 32,  Textual support,  French

Record 32,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 33,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The EXPRESS Pallet concept allows accommodation of individual experiments on adapters which can be installed and exchanged by the external robotics system of the Space Station. Each EXPRESS Pallet will consist of six adapters. ESA will have access to three of them which may or may not be on the same EXPRESS Pallet. The Space Exposure Biology Assembly(SEBA) will be installed on one of the two zenith oriented pallets(depicted in Fig. 1), on one of the three adapters allocated to ESA for the early utilization opportunity.  3, record 33, English, - early%20utilization%20opportunity

Record 33,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Première possibilité d'utilisation de la Station spatiale internationale avant le lancement de l'Élément orbital Columbus (COF).  1, record 33, French, - possibilit%C3%A9%20d%27utilisation%20initiale

Record 33,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 34,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A method of enquiry which complements the classical analytical method of science by emphasizing the concept of whole systems, and the irreducible properties of whole systems that result from the interactions among individual components.  2, record 34, English, - systems%20approach

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 OBS

research strategy  3, record 34, English, - systems%20approach

Record 34,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[...] nouvelle méthode d'organisation des connaissances visant à rendre l'action plus efficace.  5, record 34, French, - approche%20syst%C3%A9mique

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La démarche par systèmes se caractérise par l'intérêt que l'on porte aux interactions, aux différentes composantes et à leur utilisation optimale.  3, record 34, French, - approche%20syst%C3%A9mique

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 2 CONT

La systémique [...] a été présentée [...] comme une nouvelle approche d'utilisation très générale et qui se situe à l'opposé de l'approche analytique traditionnelle.  2, record 34, French, - approche%20syst%C3%A9mique

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Contrairement à l'approche analytique [...] l'approche systémique englobe non seulement la totalité des éléments d'un système donné, mais encore les liens qu'ils entretiennent. [...] L'approche systémique permet d'englober un système dans sa totalité, sa complexité et sa dynamique.  5, record 34, French, - approche%20syst%C3%A9mique

Record 34,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 35,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 CONT

An axiomatic extension of the ordinal concept of utility to uncertain payoffs. An agent possesses a von Neumann-Morgenstern utility function if she ranks uncertain payoffs according to(higher) expected value of her utility of the individual outcomes that may occur.  1, record 35, English, - von%20Neumann%2DMorgenstern%20utility%20theory

Record 35,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le troisième chapitre expose la théorie de l'espérance d'utilité de von Neumann et Morgenstern en se basant sur le traitement de Hernstein et Milnor (1953), étudie la notion d'aversion au risque (Pratt, 1964) et expose la théorie des choix en environnement non probabilisé de Anscombe et Aumann (1961).  2, record 35, French, - th%C3%A9orie%20de%20l%27esp%C3%A9rance%20d%27utilit%C3%A9%20de%20von%20Neumann%20et%20Morgenstern

Record 35,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 36,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 OBS

A type of training based on the concept of building up skills and knowledge in units as needed by the individual. Each module is based on a skill or group of skills which analysis shows to be a viable unit in the job situation and has a training element, and experience element and, where appropriate, a further education element.(...)  4, record 36, English, - modular%20training

Record 36,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Genre de formation où l'on groupe par module les aptitudes et les connaissances suivant les besoins du stagiaire. Chaque module traite d'une aptitude ou d'un groupe d'aptitudes qui, d'après l'analyse, semble être un ensemble valable dans la situation de travail donnée; il comporte un élément de formation, un élément d'expérience et, au besoin, un élément éducatif. (...)  2, record 36, French, - formation%20par%20modules

Record 36,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 37,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Biological effects of ionizing radiation. ... at the upper end of the scale, there is no radiation exposure so high it will guarantee that every exposed individual will suffer the effect. Nor at the lower end is any exposure so low that it will carry no risk to anyone of inducing the effect. These radiation effects are therefore said to have "no threshold." Logically, it follows that any exposure to radiation, no matter how small, carries some risk and that any reduction in exposure, even from an already very low level, confers some benefit. However, it is not always appreciated that the absence of a "safe" threshold is a theoretical assumption and a safety precaution rather than something that can be proven. It is also not well understood that the toxic effects of radiation, for which there is no defined safe level, may not differ fundamentally from those of some chemical toxins for which a "safe" level in the body or in the environment has been declared.  1, record 37, English, - no%20threshold

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Complicating the problem of public perceptions of the level of risk associated with radioactive wastes is the confusion induced by two fundamental principles of radio-biological and radiation protection theory. The first is the "no-threshold" hypothesis, and the second is the "as low as reasonably achievable, "or ALARA, principle. The first principle holds that there is no threshold below which exposure to radiation is entirely safe. The "no threshold" hypothesis-that any exposure to ionizing radiation, no matter how small, will increase the probability of a harmful consequence to an exposed individual-is an important scientific concept.... it is generally agreed that it is wise to err on the side of safety and work from the assumption that there is no safe level.  1, record 37, English, - no%20threshold

Record 37,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Voir aussi le terme anglais «threshold limit value».  2, record 37, French, - aucun%20seuil

Record 37,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 38,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Four youths ages 12-14 introduces the concept of developing and taking responsibility for one's own physical activity choices and goals. An individual journal assists the participant with record-keeping  2, record 38, English, - Making%20Choices%20and%20Setting%20Goals

Record 38,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Programme du Défi canadien vie active de Condition physique et Sport amateur  2, record 38, French, - Faire%20des%20choix%20et%20%C3%A9tablir%20des%20objectifs

Record 38,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 39,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The concept that selected peptides derived from self proteins are permanently presented by class I and class II MHYC molecules is the basis of the peptidic self model. Its numerous implications include :(a) a definition of the self(versus non-self), as the set of peptides derived from self proteins and selected by the MHC molecules of the individual;(b) the prediction of the existence of the so-called "idiopeptides" which possibly constitute a new class of regulatory elements in the immune system, suggesting an "idiopeptidic" network;....  1, record 39, English, - peptidic%20self

Record 39,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le «soi», du point de vue du système immunitaire, serait défini par un ensemble de peptides dérivés des protéines cellulaires et présentés aux lymphocytes T dans le contexte des molécules HLA chez l'homme (ou H2 chez la souris). Cette proposition générale, qui fonde le modèle du soi peptidique, conduit à distinguer un «soi somatique», représenté par des peptides dérivés des protéines générales, et un «soi immunologique» dont le support serait des «idioptides» [...] Les lymphocytes T seraient tolérants au «soi somatique» et éventuellement réactifs au «soi immunologique», ce qui pourrait être à la base d'un réseau idiopeptidique.  1, record 39, French, - soi%20peptidique

Record 39,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 40,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In this concept, the alarm signals from individual detectors or sensors are separately monitored and displayed on an alarm indicator panel located in the central station.  1, record 40, English, - alarm%20indicator%20panel

Record 40,  Textual support,  French

Record 40,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 41,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Individual regarded by the self as important and having an influence on the self concept of an individual. A parent, teacher, or friend might thus be a significant other for a child and his/her evaluation of the child would be seen as significant for him/her.  2, record 41, English, - significant%20other

Record 41,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Pour Janet, le personnage est une notion complexe, qui se rapproche de ce qu'on appelle le rôle : rôle social (comme fonction ou comme profession), provoquant des conduites systématiques chez autrui, déterminant certaines attitudes chez celui qui l'occupe (...)  3, record 41, French, - personnage%2Dcl%C3%A9

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Le personnage-clé est une idole que la personne influencée n'a pas nécessairement rencontrée; la personne-clé a, par contre, été présente, étant un parent, un enseignant ou un ami pour lequel cette personne a eu une haute estime et qui, en retour, a grandement influencé le développement de sa personnalité.  2, record 41, French, - personnage%2Dcl%C3%A9

Record 41,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 42,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Overview of Construction Fabric Uses. The use of natural fabrics in the construction industry probably occurred decades(or centuries) ago when some innovative individual with the idea of strengthening the material, decided to embed it within soil. The concept of embedding straw and branches in clay could even be considered to fall within this category.... The year 1977 was particularly significant because of a conference in Paris.... The Conference organized sessions along the following topics areas : Fabrics at the subsoil-construction material interface(road, railways, etc.). Fabrics at the subsoil-construction material interface(earth fills). Multilayer soil-fabric systems. Mechanisms of soil-fabric interaction. Functioning of fabrics, including filters. Drainage. Consolidation.  1, record 42, English, - construction%20fabric

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Once a construction fabric is made nonpervious an entirely new spectrum of construction uses emerges. These uses can be categorized in the following areas: Air-supported and tension structures. Water-filled structures. Self-sustaining structures. Such applications can occur above ground, below ground, or in water.  1, record 42, English, - construction%20fabric

Record 42,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Construction: ensemble des techniques qui permettent de bâtir; secteur d'activité dont l'objet est de bâtir (...)  2, record 42, French, - textile%20de%20construction

Record 42,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 43,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A learner-oriented knowledge representation in intelligent tutoring systems that combines the concept of overlay of a rule-based representation of domain knowledge with a learner-oriented set of links.  2, record 43, English, - genetic%20graph

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The word "genetic" refers to Piaget’s notion of genetic epistemology because this representation attempts to capture the evolutionary nature of knowledge. The word "graph" is used because the evolutionary relations between pieces of knowledge are expressed as links in a network. The genetic graph represents elementary subskills (i.e. individual rules) as nodes connected by links representing their evolutionary relations, such as generalization and analogy.  2, record 43, English, - genetic%20graph

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 CONT

WUSOR-III(Goldstein 1978, 1979) is based on the concept of genetic graph which represents individual subskills(i. e. individual rules) as nodes connected by links representing their evolutionary relations such as explanation, generalization, analogy and refinement. Incorrect versions of rules(i. e. buggy rules) are connected to the corresponding correct ones by explicit deviation links. The student's individual history can be modeled as an overlay on the links of the genetic graph.  2, record 43, English, - genetic%20graph

Record 43,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Représentation des connaissances orientée - apprenant qui combine la notion des systèmes à base de règles et celle d'un ensemble de relations de généralisation et d'analogie établi par l'apprenant.  2, record 43, French, - graphe%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9tique

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 OBS

L'adjectif "génétique" provient de l'épistémologie génétique (Piaget) et souligne la nature évolutive du savoir.  2, record 43, French, - graphe%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9tique

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 2 OBS

[...] Le nom "graphe" est motivé par le fait que, dans cette représentation, les relations évolutives entre diverses unités de savoir sont exprimées sous la forme de liens d'un réseau.  2, record 43, French, - graphe%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9tique

Record 43,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 44,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Put simply, I take [recurrent education] to refer to periods of formal or structured study, undertaken largely in institutions and at various stages in the lifespan of an individual. An essential part of the concept of "recurrent education" is implicit in the term itself, that is that education is distributed over the lifespan of an individual in a recurring way : in other words education will alternate with other activities, of which the principal will be work but which can also include leisure and retirement.  2, record 44, English, - recurrent%20education

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The concept of "recurrent education" intends to propose a concrete framework within which a great part of the individual’s life-long learning can take place. It differs from the concept of "permanent education" by making the principles of alternation between education and other activities central to the definition.  3, record 44, English, - recurrent%20education

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 2 OBS

It has points in common with adult education, continuing education, "éducation permanente", in-service training and life-long education, but places emphasis on ready availability and access, on relevance to individual needs and on an autonomous learner situation.  4, record 44, English, - recurrent%20education

Record 44,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Essentiellement, l'éducation récurrente consiste à distribuer sur une vie entière des tranches d'éducation répétées. Elle implique une rupture avec la pratique actuelle caractérisée par une longue période ininterrompue de scolarité pré-professionnelle à plein temps. Elle suppose aussi une alternance entre l'éducation et d'autres activités, en premier lieu le travail, mais éventuellement les loisirs et la retraite.  2, record 44, French, - %C3%A9ducation%20r%C3%A9currente

Record 44,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 45,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The biomass industries concept. The Science Council of Canada's report No. 23 "Canada's Energy Opportunities" recognized the potential of renewable biomass energy as one of the significant renewable longterm energy resources. This factor plus the recognition that many industrial components in the Canadian economy rely for over half their feedstocks on biomass triggered the idea of a biomass industries program. This identified 14 of the 40 individual sectors in the Standard Industrial Classification as "biomass industries".  1, record 45, English, - biomass%20industry

Record 45,  Textual support,  French

Record 45,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 46,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The concept in uncombined form of the individual building blocks from which electric circuits are synthesized.  1, record 46, English, - electrical%20element

Record 46,  Textual support,  French

Record 46,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 47,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Value added : The concept in MARKETING that indicates that the process of exchange adds to the individual UTILITY available to the participants and to the total utility available to the whole exchange system.  2, record 47, English, - value%20added%20by%20marketing

Record 47,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 DEF

désigne la valeur d'un produit ou d'un service qui résulte pour le consommateur ou l'utilisateur, des activités de marketing.  1, record 47, French, - valeur%20ajout%C3%A9e%20par%20le%20marketing

Record 47,  Textual support,  Spanish