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INDIVIDUAL GUARANTEE [7 records]

Record 1 2026-01-08

English

Subject field(s)
  • International Public Law
  • Foreign Trade
DEF

In international right, an assurance given by one(individual guarantee) or by several states(collective guarantee), or the contractual agreement, to respect a certain political or juridical state(status quo) or to assure its observation by other countries and, if necessary, to defend it.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Droit international public
  • Commerce extérieur

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Derecho internacional público
  • Comercio exterior
Save record 1

Record 2 2024-04-16

English

Subject field(s)
  • Government Contracts
  • Public Sector Budgeting
CONT

The World Health Organization(WHO) has reported that 80% of vaccine sales come from just five large multinational corporations, formed as a result of mergers and acquisitions in recent decades. It said :"Many of the individual vaccine markets are monopolies or oligopolies, either by product or presentation. "In this market environment, the balance between supply and demand needs to be closely monitored, leading the WHO to advocate for "constant management and communication between market actors" to guarantee sufficient supply of vaccines. Without an open procurement process, it's extremely difficult for the government and public to know if the procurement in these tight market conditions is being managed in their best interests as effectively as possible.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Marchés publics
  • Budget des collectivités publiques

Spanish

Save record 2

Record 3 2004-12-14

English

Subject field(s)
  • Rights and Freedoms
  • Health Law
  • Family Law (common law)
  • Social Law
CONT

Canada’s Constitution includes a Charter of Rights and Freedoms that guarantees every Canadian security of the person. People who live in poverty do not have security of the person. If they live in hunger, their health and their lives are at risk. If they are homeless, they do not have physical or mental security.

CONT

Because of the dependence of individuals upon health care services, the legislators have the obligation to ensure that essential needs will be met, especially if an individual is unable to secure the service himself. This obligation has devolved to professionals who willingly undertake to provide treatment... Thus, the Criminal Code has traditionally required persons to provide treatment if they have undertaken to do so or if they are responsible for disabled persons. These obligations should be maintained and expanded, if necessary, to guarantee all Canadians a basic security of the person.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Droits et libertés
  • Droit de la santé
  • Droit de la famille (common law)
  • Droit social
CONT

La notion de sécurité de la personne comprend l'autonomie personnelle, du moins en ce qui a trait au droit de faire des choix concernant sa propre personne, le contrôle de son intégrité physique et mentale, et la dignité humaine fondamentale.

CONT

La «sécurité de sa personne» de l'article 7 [de la Charte canadienne des droits et libertés] s'étend à la protection contre le prélèvement de substances faisant partie du corps humain. Elle fonde aussi le droit de s'attendre à ce que de tels prélèvements soient traités confidentiellement par les professionnels de la santé.

Spanish

Save record 3

Record 4 2002-02-28

English

Subject field(s)
  • Regional and Municipal Gov. Bodies and Committees
  • Finance
OBS

The establishment of the Municipal Financial Authority was a recognition that it made economic sense for individual municipalities and regional districts to borrow together as a group and to guarantee each others’ credit.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Organismes et comités de gouv. régionaux ou municipaux
  • Finances

Spanish

Save record 4

Record 5 1997-03-19

English

Subject field(s)
  • Criminology
Key term(s)
  • individual guarantees

French

Domaine(s)
  • Criminologie
OBS

O.N.U. [Organisation des Nations Unies] A/CONF.121/PM.1.

Spanish

Save record 5

Record 6 1996-05-13

English

Subject field(s)
  • Radiation Protection
  • Nuclear Waste Materials
CONT

Biological effects of ionizing radiation.... at the upper end of the scale, there is no radiation exposure so high it will guarantee that every exposed individual will suffer the effect. Nor at the lower end is any exposure so low that it will carry no risk to anyone of inducing the effect. These radiation effects are therefore said to have "no threshold. "Logically, it follows that any exposure to radiation, no matter how small, carries some risk and that any reduction in exposure, even from an already very low level, confers some benefit. However, it is not always appreciated that the absence of a "safe" threshold is a theoretical assumption and a safety precaution rather than something that can be proven. It is also not well understood that the toxic effects of radiation, for which there is no defined safe level, may not differ fundamentally from those of some chemical toxins for which a "safe" level in the body or in the environment has been declared.

CONT

Complicating the problem of public perceptions of the level of risk associated with radioactive wastes is the confusion induced by two fundamental principles of radio-biological and radiation protection theory. The first is the "no-threshold" hypothesis, and the second is the "as low as reasonably achievable,"or ALARA, principle. The first principle holds that there is no threshold below which exposure to radiation is entirely safe. The "no threshold" hypothesis - that any exposure to ionizing radiation, no matter how small, will increase the probability of a harmful consequence to an exposed individual - is an important scientific concept. ... it is generally agreed that it is wise to err on the side of safety and work from the assumption that there is no safe level.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Radioprotection
  • Déchets nucléaires
OBS

Voir aussi le terme anglais «threshold limit value».

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Protección contra la radiación
  • Desechos nucleares
Save record 6

Record 7 1994-12-09

English

Subject field(s)
  • Foreign Trade
  • Insurance
CONT

In a situation where an individual Canadian exporter has signed a contract with a foreign buyer which requires him to establish Guarantees... performance security insurance program can protect him against the risk of a Guarantee being wrongfully called...

French

Domaine(s)
  • Commerce extérieur
  • Assurances
CONT

Dans le cas où un exportateur canadien a signé avec un acheteur étranger un contrat en vertu duquel il doit délivrer des garanties, l'actuel programme d'assurance-caution de bonne fin [...] peut le protéger contre le risque d'appel injustifié de la garantie [...]

Spanish

Save record 7

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