TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

C'est la forme positive d'une question initiale.  1, record 1, French, - but%20initial

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A goal that must be achieved to achieve the original goal.  3, record 2, English, - subgoal

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 DEF

One step on the road from the initial position to the goal.  4, record 2, English, - subgoal

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Knowledge structures for goals and plans ... READ NEWSPAPER is a standard plan for change - knowledge, a subgoal Frank may have in the service of his larger CHANGE-PROXIMITY goal.  5, record 2, English, - subgoal

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Dialogue goals are represented in a hierarchy of subgoals, which are disjunctive in either the exclusive or non-exclusive sense.  6, record 2, English, - subgoal

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 3 CONT

... the expertise of the MYCIN program is expressed by a few hundred production rules, each of which consists of a set of preconditions and a conclusion, such that the conclusion (or goal) is justified if the preconditions (or subgoals) are all true.  7, record 2, English, - subgoal

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

But subalterne ou partiel qu'il faut atteindre avant d'arriver au but final.  3, record 2, French, - sous%2Dbut

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Si je considère le problème d'aller de chez moi (Paris) à Montpellier, je cherche un opérateur qui réduise la différence entre «être chez moi» et «être à Montpellier»; la différence concerne le lieu et un moyen de la réduire est de prendre l'avion ou le train, mais ni le train ni l'avion ne partent de chez moi (Paris) mais de la gare ou de l'aéroport (Orly), d'où un nouveau sous-but «aller à l'aéroport» («ou à la gare») que je vais essayer de satisfaire, etc [...]  4, record 2, French, - sous%2Dbut

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 CONT

La réponse à la question «De quels bibliothécaires Henri est-il le patron?» est calculée en satisfaisant successivement les deux parties (buts partiels ou sous-buts) de la conjonction.  2, record 2, French, - sous%2Dbut

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 3 CONT

Sous-buts interférents.  3, record 2, French, - sous%2Dbut

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Commencing with its initial goal of conserving and developing the Exploits River, ERMA now successfully acts as a considerable employer in the area, operating the Salmonid Interpretation Center, Rivers Edge Grill Sanger Memorial RV Park and performing fresh water biology services.  2, record 3, English, - Environment%20Resources%20Management%20Association

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The Exploits River Management Association was renamed the Environment Resources Management Association [in 1983].  2, record 3, English, - Environment%20Resources%20Management%20Association

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

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Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A key derivation function(KDF) is a basic and essential component of cryptographic systems : its goal is to take a source of initial keying material, usually containing some good amount of randomness, but not distributed uniformly or for which an attacker has some partial knowledge, and derive from it one or more cryptographically strong secret keys.  1, record 4, English, - key%20derivation%20function

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

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Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Each goal in the initial hierarchy has a height. The lowest terminal nodes are at height 0. Their parents are at height 1, and so on up the tree. The height of the root node is the height of the tree, which we call H.  2, record 5, English, - height

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Mesure des niveaux d'un graphe ou d'une hiérarchie à partir des feuilles-nœuds terminaux jusqu'à la racine ou tête, c'est-à-dire dans un sens contraire à celui de la profondeur.  2, record 5, French, - hauteur

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The CAF [Canadian Armed Forces] has established a goal to have all officers, with the exception of those commissioned from the ranks, hold a university degree. In support of this goal, the CAF has established a programme to provide subsidized education to eligible officers in pursuit of their initial baccalaureate degree.  3, record 6, English, - Initial%20Baccalaureate%20Degree%20Programme

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Un des objectifs des FAC [Forces armées canadiennes] est que tous les officiers, à l'exception des militaires du rang, détiennent un diplôme universitaire. À l'appui de cet objectif, les FAC ont établi un programme qui permet aux officiers admissibles de poursuivre des études subventionnées pour obtenir leur premier baccalauréat.  1, record 6, French, - Programme%20pour%20l%27obtention%20d%27un%20premier%20baccalaur%C3%A9at

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Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The Children's Oral Health Initiative(COHI) was developed as a means to address the disparity between the oral health of First Nations and Inuit and that of the general Canadian population. COHI was launched on a test basis in Fall 2004. COHI focuses on the prevention of dental disease and promotion of good oral health practices. The goal of COHI is to shift the emphasis from a primarily treatment based approach to a more balanced prevention and treatment focus. The initial focus for oral health promotion will be directed at three target groups : pregnant women and primary caregivers; pre-school children, 0-4 years of age; and school children, 5-7 years of age. Health Canada expects that the COHI, once fully implemented in subsequent years, will result in significant improvement of the oral health in First Nations and Inuit.  1, record 7, English, - Children%26rsquo%3Bs%20Oral%20Health%20Initiative

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'Initiative en santé buccodentaire des enfants (ISBE) a été élaborée pour combler l'écart qui existe en matière de santé buccodentaire entre les collectivités des Premières nations et des Inuits et l'ensemble de la population canadienne. L'ISBE a été lancée à l'automne 2004 à titre d'essai. L'ISBE est essentiellement axé sur sur la prévention des maladies buccodentaires et la promotion de bonnes habitudes d'hygiène buccodentaire. L'ISBE, se concentre sur un programme plus équilibré de prévention et de traitement préventif plutôt que sur le traitement primaire même. La promotion de la santé buccodentaire s'adressera initialement aux trois groupes cibles suivants : les femmes enceintes et les principaux pourvoyeurs de soins; les enfants en âge préscolaire de 0 à 4 ans; les enfants en âge scolaire de 5 à 7 ans. Santé Canada prévoit une amélioration importante de la santé buccodentaire des Premières nations et des Inuits une fois la mise en œuvre de l'ISBE.  1, record 7, French, - Initiative%20en%20sant%C3%A9%20buccodentaire%20des%20enfants

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Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An image-processing system, developed by General Motors in 1963, whose initial goal was the development of a combination of computer hardware and software which(a) would permit "conversational" man-machine communication and(b) would provide a maximum programming flexibility and ease of use for experimentation.  1, record 10, English, - Design%20Augmented%20by%20Computers

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

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Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The process of starting in some initial state and attempting to reach a goal state by evaluating possible alternative solutions.  2, record 11, English, - search

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Dans une représentation par graphe, balayage d'une base de règles ou exploration plus ou moins systématique de l'espace d'états dont l'orientation et l'ampleur sont habituellement déterminées par une stratégie exprimée sous forme algorithmique.  2, record 11, French, - recherche

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recherche A[astérisque], recherche alpha-bêta, recherche exhaustive, recherche informée, recherche par graphe, recherche quasi-systématique  2, record 11, French, - recherche

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Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

In 1974, the CCA opened a new branch, Curl Canada, to develop a national teaching program. The goal of Curl Canada instructor courses and clinics was to train instructors to teach standardized curling skills and techniques. The initial concept has grown since then to also include coaching certification, ice technicians and club management.  2, record 12, English, - Curl%20Canada

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Since the inception of CURL CANADA in 1974, the New Brunswick Curling Association [has] endorsed and promoted [its] training programs. ... These programs were developed by the Curl Canada arm of the Canadian Curling Association.  3, record 12, English, - Curl%20Canada

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Direction ou division de l'Association canadienne de curling.  2, record 12, French, - Curl%20Canada

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Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Confirmation feedback simply informs the learner the accuracy of a response. Also known as knowledge of results; Kr : this type of feedback does not provide any input on what the correct answer is, or why a response might be wrong. It is used to reinforce correct answers. Confirmation feedback is often used when automaticity is the learning goal or in the later stages of competency, after the initial acquisition of knowledge.  5, record 13, English, - confirmation%20feedback

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

S'il s'agit d'une réponse, le modèle d'enseignement-apprentissage décidera en fonction des informations qui lui sont transmises par les autres composantes du dispositif de présenter un feedback de confirmation ou un feedback de redressement d'erreurs.  1, record 13, French, - feedback%20de%20confirmation

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

PGA works to link individual legislators across borders and party lines, with the goal of strengthening their capacity to pursue international peace, social justice and development. Parliamentarians for Global Action(PGA) was established in 1978-1979 in Washington, DC, U. S. A. by concerned parliamentarians from around the world to address global problems, which could not be solved by any one government or parliament. While its initial focus was on disarmament and the prevention of nuclear proliferation, PGA today works on an expanded list of global issues such as fostering democracy, conflict prevention and management, international law and human rights, population and sustainable development.  1, record 14, English, - Parliamentarians%20for%20Global%20Action

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Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The Global Precipitation Climatology Project(GPCP) is an element of the Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment(GEWEX) of the World Climate Research Program(WCRP). It was established by the WCRP in 1986 with the initial goal of providing monthly mean precipitation data on a 2. 5 x 2. 5 degree latitude-longitude grid for the period 1986-1995. This was recently extended to the year 2000. The GPCP will accomplish this by merging infrared and microwave satellite estimates of precipitation with rain gauge data from more than 30, 000 stations.  3, record 15, English, - Global%20Precipitation%20Climatology%20Project

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Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The set of all subproblems obtainable by executing some sequence of refinement operators from a given position.  2, record 17, English, - state%20space

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Many problems can be represented as an initial state, a goal state and a set of operators that define operations to go to new states from a given state. The states that can be reached from the initial state by applying the rules in all possible ways define the state space. The problem is then to reach the goal state from the initial state. By this formulation almost any problem can be reduced to a search problem.  3, record 17, English, - state%20space

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Although we admit that a continuous state space is more plausible from the neurophysiological point of view, a discrete state space will allow us more easily to investigate the geometry of the state space and its influence on the occupation probabilities of the states.  4, record 17, English, - state%20space

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La découverte d'une caractérisation générale couvrant toutes les instances positives et excluant toute instance négative résulte d'un processus de recherche dans un espace d'états, où les états correspondent à des descriptions potentielles de concept et les opérateurs de transition correspondent aux règles d'inférence [...].  3, record 17, French, - espace%20d%27%C3%A9tats

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Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In a forward-reasoning model,... the inference steps are applied from an initial state toward a goal.  1, record 18, English, - forward%2Dreasoning%20model

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As opposed to "backward-reasoning model."  2, record 18, English, - forward%2Dreasoning%20model

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Voir fiche «raisonnement en chaînage avant».  1, record 18, French, - mod%C3%A8le%20de%20raisonnement%20en%20cha%C3%AEnage%20avant

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Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... in a backward-reasoning model, problem solving begins by reasoning backward from a goal to be achieved toward an initial state(data).  2, record 19, English, - backward%20reasoning%20model

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Voir fiche "raisonnement en chaînage arrière".  1, record 19, French, - mod%C3%A8le%20de%20raisonnement%20en%20cha%C3%AEnage%20arri%C3%A8re

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 20,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... in a backward-reasoning model, problem solving begins by reasoning backward from a goal to be achieved toward an initial state(data).  3, record 20, English, - backward%20reasoning

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Si le raisonnement [du système expert] est en "chaînage arrière", le filtrage sera fait sur le membre droit de la règle. Le raisonnement remonte du but vers l'énoncé.  1, record 20, French, - raisonnement%20en%20cha%C3%AEnage%20arri%C3%A8re

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 OBS

chaînage arrière : [...] Ce type de raisonnement est aussi appelé dirigé par les buts.  2, record 20, French, - raisonnement%20en%20cha%C3%AEnage%20arri%C3%A8re

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Si le moteur [d'inférence] raisonne de manière régressive - on dit qu'il fonctionne en chaînage arrière.  4, record 20, French, - raisonnement%20en%20cha%C3%AEnage%20arri%C3%A8re

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 21,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The mode in which they search backward from a goal state to an achievable initial state.  1, record 21, English, - goal%2Ddirected%20mode

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

Record 21,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 22,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A planner is a program that automatically generates statements of action from a database of facts and a stated goal. When these statements are executed the system will be brought from its initial state to its goal state.  1, record 22, English, - planner

Record 22,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Programme générateur d'énoncés d'action à partir d'une base de tels énoncés et d'un but déterminé. L'exécution du programme engendré conduit le système d'un état initial à l'état-objectif.  3, record 22, French, - planificateur

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

planificateur de tâches, planificateur d'histoires, planificateur hiérarchique  3, record 22, French, - planificateur

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Voir aussi manipulateur de tâches.  1, record 22, French, - planificateur

Record 22,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 23,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Said of a goal-directed system because it would not do anything without an initial goal. In a least-effort first algorithm... each level of adjustment to a plan requires a successively greater effort and involves a greater risk of finally running out of options.  1, record 23, English, - least%2Deffort%20first

Record 23,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Stratégie heuristique portant sur les choix d'opérations à effectuer. Elle consiste à attendre que les développements de la recherche fournissent les éléments permettant de classer les opérateurs.  2, record 23, French, - moindre%20engagement

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

stratégie de moindre engagement : corriger les solutions incomplètes au dernier moment possible. Lorsque le plus d'information possible est disponible, compléter la spécification d'une manière telle qu'aucun conflit ne surgisse. Une des façons d'appliquer cette stratégie est de différer la décision sur l'ordre dans lequel les opérations vont être exécutées.  1, record 23, French, - moindre%20engagement

Record 23,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 24,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The grace and competence of a system. It encompasses every element of control from the initial goal of the controller, to the system's final function, and the level of skill with which the mid-course corrections are executed. Chapters 3 and 6 both elaborate on this concept.  1, record 24, English, - dexterity

Record 24,  Textual support,  French

Record 24,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 25,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The planning model in cognitive science treats a plan as a sequence of actions designed to accomplish some preconceived end. The model posits that action is a form of problem solving, where the actor's problem is to find a path from some initial state to a derived goal state, given certain conditions along the way.  1, record 25, English, - planning%20model

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Record 26,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In the tower of Hanoi problem, the path from the initial state to the goal state in the state graph is clear.  1, record 26, English, - goal%20state

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The solution paths run from the initial state(root mode) along the branches of the tree and terminate on the leaves(Terminal nodes) labelled goal state.  2, record 26, English, - goal%20state

Record 26,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Dans GPS (...) il faut spécifier l'état initial (les données) et l'état final (à atteindre) ainsi que les opérateurs de changement d'état.  1, record 26, French, - %C3%A9tat%20final

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Record 27,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Event descriptors can be divided into initial descriptors and derived descriptors. Both kinds of descriptors can appear attached to goal nodes.  1, record 27, English, - event%20descriptor

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Record 28,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In the Tower of Hanoi problem, the path from initial state to the goal state on the state graph is clear.  1, record 28, English, - initial%20state

Record 28,  Textual support,  French

Record 28,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 29,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Here is an outline of how the problem was represented to GPS 1. Top goal : To transform the initial object into the desired object.  1, record 29, English, - top%20goal

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 OBS

See also supergoal, overall goal.  1, record 29, English, - top%20goal

Record 29,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Voir aussi «but élevé».  1, record 29, French, - but%20le%20plus%20%C3%A9lev%C3%A9

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Record 30,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The result of the procedure, which is likely to be more efficient than the declarative route, is a list identical to the declarative results.  2, record 30, English, - rule%20path

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 2 OBS

The purpose of a heuristic search is to find the most economical path from the initial date to the goal state.  3, record 30, English, - rule%20path

Record 30,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La possibilité de vérifier aisément le raisonnement des programmes (trace des règles utilisées) sera d'une aide précieuse pour vaincre la réticence de certains médecins à utiliser le "raisonnement d'une machine".  1, record 30, French, - trace%20des%20r%C3%A8gles%20utilis%C3%A9es

Record 30,  Textual support,  Spanish