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INORGANIC CHEMICAL [42 records]

Filter results by subject field Alphabetical list of terms

Filter results by subject field

Alphabetical list of terms

Record 1 2025-06-09

English

Subject field(s)
  • Physics
  • Analytical Chemistry
CONT

Mass spectrometry(MS) is an analytical technique commonly used for qualitative and quantitative chemical analysis. MS measures the mass-charge ratio(m/z) of any analyte, of both organic and inorganic nature, which has previously been ionized.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Physique
  • Chimie analytique
CONT

La spectrométrie de masse (SM) [...] permet de déterminer la masse des molécules ou des atomes présents dans l'échantillon. Pour cela, les molécules doivent passer à l'état d'ions en phase gazeuse. Ces ions sont ensuite séparés sous vide en fonction de leur rapport masse sur charge [...]

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Física
  • Química analítica
Save record 1

Record 2 2024-09-10

English

Subject field(s)
  • Occupation Names (General)
  • Biochemistry
CONT

What is biochemistry? Biochemistry explores chemical processes related to living organisms. It is a laboratory-based science combining biology and chemistry. Biochemists study the structure, composition, and chemical reactions of substances in living systems and, in turn, their functions and ways to control them. Biochemistry emerged as a separate discipline when scientists combined biology with organic, inorganic, and physical chemistry. They began to study areas such as : how living things get energy from food; the chemical basis of heredity; what fundamental changes occur in disease.

Key term(s)
  • bio-chemist

French

Domaine(s)
  • Désignations des emplois (Généralités)
  • Biochimie

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Nombramiento de cargos (Generalidades)
  • Bioquímica
Save record 2

Record 3 2024-06-05

English

Subject field(s)
  • Occupation Names (General)
  • Chemistry
  • Physics
DEF

[A person who] conducts research into relationships between chemical and physical properties of organic and inorganic substances and compounds...

French

Domaine(s)
  • Désignations des emplois (Généralités)
  • Chimie
  • Physique
DEF

En sciences, spécialiste en physicochimie, science étudiant les propriétés physiques et chimiques de la matière.

Key term(s)
  • physicochimiste

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Nombramiento de cargos (Generalidades)
  • Química
  • Física
Save record 3

Record 4 2023-11-21

English

Subject field(s)
  • Chemical Elements and Compounds
  • Water Treatment (Water Supply)
  • Water Pollution
CONT

Disinfection byproducts are chemical, organic and inorganic substances that can form during a reaction of a disinfectant with naturally present organic matter in the water.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Éléments et composés chimiques
  • Traitement des eaux
  • Pollution de l'eau
CONT

Les sous-produits de désinfection sont des substances chimiques, organiques et inorganiques, qui peuvent être formées lors de la réaction d'un désinfectant avec de la matière organique présente dans l'eau.

Spanish

Save record 4

Record 5 2022-10-14

English

Subject field(s)
  • Human Diseases - Various
  • Respiratory System
DEF

Any of many lung diseases caused by the inhalation of a variety of organic or inorganic dusts or chemical irritants, usually over a prolonged period of time.

CONT

The disease appears in different forms, depending on the type of dust you inhale. One of the most common forms is black lung disease, also known as miner’s lung. It’s caused by breathing in coal dust. Another is brown lung, which comes from working around dust from cotton or other fibers. Other types of dusts that can cause pneumoconiosis include silica and asbestos. Diacetyl, the compound used to give movie popcorn its buttery flavor, also can lead to the disease. This is known as popcorn lung.

OBS

pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis: A word invented ... in imitation of polysyllabic medical terms, alleged to mean "a lung disease caused by the inhalation of very fine sand and ash dust" but occurring only as an instance of a very long word.

Key term(s)
  • pneumokoniosis
  • pneumonokoniosis
  • pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanokoniosis

French

Domaine(s)
  • Maladies humaines diverses
  • Appareil respiratoire
DEF

Ensemble des affections bronchopulmonaires dues à l'inhalation prolongée de poussières minérales ou organiques [...]

OBS

[...] la dénomination de ces affections varie selon la nature des particules en cause : silicose (silice), sidérose (fer), byssinose (coton), bagassose (canne à sucre), etc.

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Enfermedades humanas varias
  • Aparato respiratorio
DEF

Nombre genérico aplicado a ciertas enfermedades crónicas producidas por el polvo de diversas substancias minerales, como carbón, hierro, sílice o calcio; las padecen, por ejemplo, los mineros, canteros o picapedreros, o los que trabajan en la elaboración del tabaco.

Save record 5

Record 6 2019-05-31

English

Subject field(s)
  • Engineering
  • Ceramics (Industries)
CONT

Ceramic engineering is the science and technology of creating objects from inorganic, non-metallic materials. This is done either by the action of heat, or at lower temperatures using precipitation reactions from high-purity chemical solutions.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Ingénierie
  • Céramique (Industries)

Spanish

Save record 6

Record 7 2018-03-16

English

Subject field(s)
  • Hair Styling
CONT

Color strippers are chemical agents that are designed to strip out color with the least risk of damage to the hair.... Chemicals used in strippers may be inorganic sulfites or organic reducing agents with modifiers. Liquid 30 volume hydrogen peroxide, with excess ammonia to pH 10-12, also may be used as an effective color stripper.

OBS

color stripper: term officially approved by the Lexicon Project Committee (New Brunswick).

Key term(s)
  • colour stripper

French

Domaine(s)
  • Coiffure
CONT

Les décapants sont très sensibilisants pour le cheveu. Ils n'ont pas tous la même composition : ils varient avec la nature de la teinture d'oxydation à décaper. Les décapants spéciaux sont en principe à base de persels - présentés généralement en poudre, - utilisés en mélange, - soit avec un oxydant à 5, 10, 15, 20 ou 30 volumes [...]

CONT

Certains décapants se diluent dans l'eau chaude ou dans du peroxyde d'hydrogène pour le cas où le degré de décoloration désiré est plus accentué.

OBS

décapant : terme uniformisé par le Comité du projet de lexiques (Nouveau-Brunswick).

Spanish

Save record 7

Record 8 2017-02-20

English

Subject field(s)
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Water Treatment (Water Supply)
DEF

The reduction of the content of dissolved salts or inorganic substances in water by a physical, chemical or biological process.

OBS

demineralization : term and definition standardized by ISO.

Key term(s)
  • demineralisation
  • water demineralising

French

Domaine(s)
  • Génie chimique
  • Traitement des eaux
DEF

Diminution de la teneur de l'eau en substances chimiques minérales dissoutes, à l'aide d'un procédé physique, chimique ou biologique.

OBS

déminéralisation : terme et définition normalisés par l'ISO.

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Ingenieria química
  • Tratamiento del agua
DEF

Reducción del contenido de especies iónicas [minerales] y sustancias inorgánicas disueltas en agua mediante un proceso físico, químico o biológico.

Save record 8

Record 9 2016-08-31

English

Subject field(s)
  • Chemistry
DEF

[A] compound that does not contain carbon.

OBS

inorganic compound: term used at the Canadian Grain Commission.

OBS

inorganic compound: term standardized by Environment Canada and the Translation Bureau for use in the Black Carbon Inventory.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Chimie
DEF

Substance chimique qui ne provient pas en général de processus vitaux [...]

OBS

[...] sels et substances chimiques qui ne renferme pas de carbone.

OBS

composé inorganique : terme en usage à la Commission canadienne des grains.

OBS

composé inorganique : terme normalisé par Environnement Canada et le Bureau de la traduction dans le cadre de l'inventaire de carbone noir.

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Química
DEF

[Compuesto] que no tiene carbono entre los elementos que lo constituyen.

OBS

[...] suelen incluírse entre los compuestos inorgánicos los derivados del ácido carbónico.

Save record 9

Record 10 2016-06-28

English

Subject field(s)
  • Chemistry
DEF

Generally, chemicals that do not contain carbon ...

OBS

inorganic chemical : term standardized by Environment Canada and the Translation Bureau for use in the Air Pollutant Emission Inventory Report.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Chimie
OBS

produit chimique inorganique : terme normalisé par Environnement Canada et le Bureau de la traduction dans le cadre de l'Inventaire des émissions de polluants atmosphériques.

Spanish

Save record 10

Record 11 2016-02-25

English

Subject field(s)
  • Water Treatment (Water Supply)
  • Wastewater Treatment
  • Chemistry
DEF

A biological or chemical process whereby readily degradable organic substances(dissolved or particulate) are oxidized to materials which are either inorganic or very slowly degradable.

CONT

The stabilisation and drying of the biological sludge are essential complements to purification, and call for the most up-to-date processes designed to cut to a minimum the relatively high running costs ...

OBS

stabilization: term and definition standardized by ISO.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Traitement des eaux
  • Traitement des eaux usées
  • Chimie
DEF

Procédé biologique ou chimique selon lequel les substances organiques (sous formes dissoutes ou particulaires) facilement dégradables sont oxydées en matériaux minéraux ou lentement dégradables.

CONT

La stabilisation des boues biologiques et leur déshydratation constituent le complément indispensable de l'épuration et doivent recourir aux procédés les plus modernes diminuant des frais d'exploitation [...]

OBS

stabilisation : terme et définition normalisés par l'ISO.

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Tratamiento del agua
  • Tratamiento de aguas residuales
  • Química
DEF

Proceso químico o biológico según el cual las sustancias orgánicas (disueltas o en partículas) fácilmente degradables se oxidan hasta materiales inorgánicos o materiales muy lentamente degradables.

Save record 11

Record 12 2013-03-05

English

Subject field(s)
  • Microbiology and Parasitology
DEF

Said of an organism that obtains nourishment from chemical reactions of inorganic substances.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Microbiologie et parasitologie
OBS

Se dit d'une bactérie qui se procure par chimiosynthèse ses aliments organiques.

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Microbiología y parasitología
DEF

[Dícese de un] organismo que obtiene su energía a partir de reacciones independientes de la luz.

OBS

São chamadas quimiolitotróficas.

Save record 12

Record 13 2011-11-14

English

Subject field(s)
  • Cultural Practices (Agriculture)
  • Crop Protection
DEF

A [substance, usually a] chemical, used to control, to repel, to attract or to kill pests, for example, insects, weeds, birds, mammals, fish, or microbes, that are considered a nuisance.

CONT

Pesticides are usually, but not always, poisons. Examples of pesticides [are] - herbicides for destruction or development prevention of weeds; - fungicides for destruction or development prevention of fungi (example, QoI); - insecticides for destruction or development prevention of insects; - Growth regulators to prevent excess growth of a plant (prevention of lodging in wheat); - molluscicides (against snails...); - acaricides or miticides against mites; - products favoring plant resistance ...

OBS

Regulations on pesticides make a distinction between those mainly used for crop protection purposes, which are generally known as phytopharmaceuticals or, more commonly, phytosanitary products (Directive 91/414/EEC), and those known as biocides (defined in particular in Directive 98/8/EEC). For example, an insecticide is a phytosanitary product when applied to a wheat crop, but is called a biocide when applied to roof timbers.

PHR

Agricultural, biological, chemical, domestic, inorganic, low-impact, minor-use, natural, organic, synthetic pesticide.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Soin des cultures (Agriculture)
  • Protection des végétaux
DEF

Substance ou produit chimique capable de contrôler, d'attirer, de repousser ou de détruire des organismes vivants (microbiens, animaux ou végétaux) considérés comme nuisibles ou de s'opposer à leur développement.

PHR

Pesticide agricole, à usage limité, biologique, chimique, inorganique, naturel, organique, organique persistant, synthétique.

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Cuidado de los cultivos (Agricultura)
  • Protección de las plantas
DEF

Sustancia utilizada para luchar contra los seres vivos perjudiciales al hombre y a aquello que es útil para su existencia, excepto los productos farmacéuticos o veterinarios.

OBS

Substancia que sirve para matar los parásitos.

Save record 13

Record 14 - external organization data 2011-08-26

English

Subject field(s)
  • Chemical Elements and Compounds
  • Compartment - Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission
Universal entry(ies)
HF
formula
FH
formula
7664-39-3
CAS number
DEF

A chemical compound having the formula HF which appears under the form of a colorless, fuming gas or liquid, is very soluble in water, is derived by distillation from the reaction product of calcium fluoride and sulfuric acid, also from fluosilicic acid, and is used as a catalyst in alkylation, isomerization, condensation, dehydration, and polymerization reactions, as a fluorinating agent in organic and inorganic reactions, in the production of fluorine and aluminum fluoride, as an additive in liquid rocket propellants and in the refining of uranium.

OBS

Compare with "hydrofluoric acid", which is hydrogen fluoride in aqueous solution.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Éléments et composés chimiques
  • Tiroir - Commission canadienne de sûreté nucléaire
Entrée(s) universelle(s)
HF
formula
FH
formula
7664-39-3
CAS number

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Elementos y compuestos químicos
  • Compartimiento - Comisión Canadiense de Seguridad Nuclear
Entrada(s) universal(es)
HF
formula
FH
formula
7664-39-3
CAS number
Save record 14

Record 15 2011-05-16

English

Subject field(s)
  • Chemical Elements and Compounds
  • Food Industries
Universal entry(ies)
MgO
formula, see observation
1309-48-4
CAS number
DEF

A chemical compound having the formula MgO which appears under the form of a noncombustible, white, alkaline powder, either light or heavy depending upon whether it is prepared by heating magnesium carbonate or the basic magnesium carbonate, is slightly soluble in water, soluble in acids and ammonium salt solutions, insoluble in alcohol, combines with water to form magnesium hydroxide, occurs naturally as the mineral periclase, is derived(1) by calcining magnesium carbonate or magnesium hydroxide,(2) by treating magnesium chloride with lime and heating or by heating it in air,(3) from seawater via the hydroxide, and is used as an inorganic rubber accelerator, a polycrystalline ceramic for aircraft windshields, in refractories, especially for steel furnace linings, for electrical insulation, in fertilizers, oxychloride and oxysulfate cements, paper manufacture, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics, semiconductors, for the removal of sulfur dioxide from stack gases and as a feed additive and in the food industry(mainly for the deacidification of butter, cooa, and some canned or frozen foods).

OBS

Two forms are produced, one termed "Light," a fluffy material prepared by a relatively low-temperature dehydration of the hydroxide, the other termed "Heavy," a dense material made by high-temperature furnacing of the oxide after it has been formed from the carbonate or hydroxide.

OBS

Also known under a large number of commercial designations, among which: Akri-Mag; Anima; Granmag; Magchem 100; Magox; Magox 85; Marmag; Oxymag; seawater magnesia.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Éléments et composés chimiques
  • Industrie de l'alimentation
Entrée(s) universelle(s)
MgO
formula, see observation
1309-48-4
CAS number
OBS

Poudre alcaline blanche utilisée principalement pour désacidifier le beurre, le cacao, certaines denrées en boîte ou congelées.

OBS

[On distingue notamment la] magnésie calcinée légère, ou magnésie française, et la magnésie calcinée lourde, ou magnésie anglaise [...]

OBS

Formule chimique : MgO

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Elementos y compuestos químicos
  • Industria alimentaria
Entrada(s) universal(es)
MgO
formula, see observation
1309-48-4
CAS number
Save record 15

Record 16 2011-03-30

English

Subject field(s)
  • Chemical Elements and Compounds
  • Pollutants
Universal entry(ies)
Cl2
formula, see observation
7782-50-5
CAS number
CONT

Hydrogen chloride and inorganic chlorides are introduced into the troposphere by volcanic emissions, by seaspray evaporation and by human activity. Removal of these compounds by rain is so rapid that their concentrations decrease rapidly with altitude. Molecular chlorine(Cl2) escaping from industrial processes is also rapidly removed by chemical processes in the atmosphere.

OBS

chlorine: form recommended by the IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry) for the systematic name corresponding to the CAS number indicated on the present record; term adopted by Environment Canada: used in the list of pollutants measured in the National Air Pollution Surveillance Network (NAPS). Formula: Cl2. Also designates atomic chlorine, the chemical element having the symbol Cl.

OBS

Also known under the following commercial designations: Bertholite; UN 1017.

PHR

Chlorine gas.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Éléments et composés chimiques
  • Agents de pollution
Entrée(s) universelle(s)
Cl2
formula, see observation
7782-50-5
CAS number
OBS

chlore : forme recommandée par l'UICPA (Union internationale de chimie pure et appliquée) pour le nom systématique correspondant au numéro CAS indiqué sur la présente fiche; terme uniformisé par le Groupe de travail de terminologie du génie; terme retenu par Environnement Canada : utilisé dans la liste des polluants mesurés par le Réseau national de surveillance de la pollution atmosphérique (RNSPA). Formule : Cl2. Ce terme sert aussi à désigner le chlore atomique, soit le chlore dans sa structure élémentaire, capable de se combiner (symbole Cl).

PHR

Chlore gazeux.

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Elementos y compuestos químicos
  • Agentes contaminantes
Entrada(s) universal(es)
Cl2
formula, see observation
7782-50-5
CAS number
DEF

Elemento gaseoso, n.° atómico 17, amarillo verdoso, muy pesado, poderoso, oxidante, sofocante y tóxico.

OBS

Se encuentra en dos formas: como gas amarillo-verdoso, pesado, incombustible, de olor picante e irritante, o como líquido claro, de color ámbar y olor irritante. Soluble en cloruros y alcoholes. Algo soluble en agua fría. Tóxico e irritante por inhalación. Riesgo de incendio moderado en contacto con materiales reductores.

OBS

Fórmula química: Cl2

Save record 16

Record 17 2011-01-12

English

Subject field(s)
  • Biological Sciences
  • Biotechnology
DEF

Positively charged resin used in ion-exchange chromatography to which diethylaminoethyl groups have been attached.

CONT

Although some of the earliest reports on immobilising enzymes refer to inorganic supports, in the next phase of development organic polymers were favoured. This was probably due both to the rapid development of interest in enzyme structure and the chemical modification of enzymes, and to the ease with which enzymes could be attached to organic polymers such as cellulose. This was achieved by adsorption(to DEAE-cellulose), and by covalent bonding.... Glucose isomerase has been immobilized through sorption from water solutions by anion exchange celluloses such as diethylaminoethyl(DEAE) cellulose and... pyruvate kinase bound to diethylaminoethylcellulose(DEAE-cellulose) via cyanuric chloride.

Key term(s)
  • diethylaminoethyl cellulose
  • DEAE-cellulose

French

Domaine(s)
  • Sciences biologiques
  • Biotechnologie
DEF

Cellulose chargée positivement utilisée comme échangeuse d'anions dans la séparation chromatographique des protéines.

CONT

Les protéines peuvent être fractionnées grâce à la chromatographie par échange d'ions. On utilise souvent dans ce but des celluloses modifiées qui sont, soit des échangeurs d'anion comme la diéthylaminoéthyl-cellulose (DEAE-cellulose), soit des échangeurs de cations comme la carboxyméthyl-cellulose (CM-cellulose).

Key term(s)
  • DEAE-cellulose
  • cellulose diéthylaminoéthylique

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Ciencias biológicas
  • Biotecnología
Save record 17

Record 18 2010-12-10

English

Subject field(s)
  • Titles of Periodicals
  • Chemistry
OBS

Published since 1929, this monthly journal reports current research findings in all branches of chemistry. It includes the traditional areas of analytical, inorganic, organic, and physical-theoretical chemistry and newer interdisciplinary areas such as materials science, spectroscopy, chemical physics, and biological, medicinal and environmental chemistry. Full papers, preliminary communications and review articles are all welcomed.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Titres de périodiques
  • Chimie
OBS

Publiée depuis 1929, cette revue mensuelle rend compte des plus récents résultats de recherche dans toutes les divisions de la chimie, y compris les domaines traditionnels de la chimie analytique, inorganique, organique et physique théorique, ainsi que les nouveaux domaines interdisciplinaires comme la science des matériaux, la spectroscopie, la physique chimique et la chimie biologique, médicinale et environnementale. La soumission d'articles complets, de communications préliminaires et d'articles de synthèse est toujours encouragée.

Spanish

Save record 18

Record 19 2010-02-08

English

Subject field(s)
  • Fire Prevention
CONT

The United States Environmental Protection Agency(EPA) issued an advance notice limiting the windfall profits that might accrue to chemical companies when the supply of halons become limited. Although the participating countries recognize the responsibility of fire protection organizations to achieve fire protection and life safety objectives, results from expeditions leave little doubt that the cause of the depletion is the growth in the stratosphere of inorganic chlorine that results from chlorofluorocarbon emissions.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Prévention des incendies

Spanish

Save record 19

Record 20 2010-02-08

English

Subject field(s)
  • Medical and Surgical Equipment

French

Domaine(s)
  • Équipement médico-chirurgical
OBS

Voir source pour contexte.

Spanish

Save record 20

Record 21 2009-10-15

English

Subject field(s)
  • Scientific Measurements and Analyses
  • Radiological Physics (Theory and Application)
  • Atomic Physics
CONT

Most inorganic scintillators consist of transparent single crystals, whose dimensions range from a few millimetres to many centimetres ...

CONT

An inorganic scintillator having the chemical composition represented by formula and inequalities to and emitting fluorescence upon incidence of radiation, wherein the maximum peak wavelength in the light intensity spectrum is a peak in the range between 450 nm and 600 nm...

French

Domaine(s)
  • Mesures et analyse (Sciences)
  • Physique radiologique et applications
  • Physique atomique
DEF

[Scintillateur dans lequel] l'émission de lumière est généralement due à la présence d'un dopant en faible quantité (comme le thallium dans le Nal ou le Csl) qui induit dans le cristal des niveaux localisés à l'intérieur du gap [...]

OBS

Lorsque des paires électron-trou sont créées, ces charges se retrouvent rapidement piégées sur ces niveaux localisés appelés centres de luminescence. La transition d'un électron du niveau excité au niveau «libre» fondamental se traduit alors par l'émission d'un photon. Celui-ci, ayant une énergie inférieure à celle de la bande interdite, peut se propager aisément dans le scintillateur avec une probabilité faible d'être autoabsorbé. Un autre processus concurrent permet à l'électron, via des niveaux localisés dans le gap (centres de «quenching») d'effectuer une transition non radiative vers l'état fondamental.

Spanish

Save record 21

Record 22 2008-07-31

English

Subject field(s)
  • Chemical Elements and Compounds
DEF

An aqueous solution containing sodium hypochlorite and some sodium chloride, used as a [whitening agent] and disinfectant.

CONT

In effect, bleach solution is a whitening and disinfecting agent compose of water, sodium hypochlorite, sodium chloride, and soda, in a nonuniform manner. Solutions are marketed in two forms: concentrated bleach solution and diluted bleach solution in bottles. Poisoning from this product often occurs accidentally and particularly among children less than 5 years of age. Nonetheless, this poisoning may occur in adults, especially in the event the product is removed from its package or in a professional setting.

CONT

Commonly the most dangerous chemical found in a household, bleach is an inorganic aqueous solution of 5. 25% sodium hypochlorite. Bleach is a clear to yellowish liquid with a distinct chlorine like odor. Often mistakenly referred to as "chlorine bleach" because of its strong smell, bleach does not release a considerable amount of chlorine gas during its normal mode of action.

OBS

Javel water takes its name from the ancient village of Javel, now just one of Paris’ many neighbourhoods. In 1777, Count d’Artois founded the "Manufacture pour les Acides et Sels minéraux" in Javel, where the chemist Claude-Louis Berthollet worked. While searching for a method that would ease the work of washerwomen who had to whiten clothes by exposing them to sunlight, Berthollet came across a water solution that bleached cloth artificially, and he called it "eau de Javel."

OBS

Javel water [also means] a solution of potassium hypochlorite now little used.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Éléments et composés chimiques
DEF

Mélange d'hypochlorite et de chlorure de sodium utilisé comme décolorant, désinfectant, microbicide, etc.

OBS

Claude Louis BERTHOLLET [...] étudia également les propriétés du chlore (acide marin déphlogistiqué), ce qui le conduisit à la découverte de l'eau de Javel appelée à l'époque «lessive de BERTHOLLET». On l'a nommée javel car c'est à Javel, un ancien village, aujourd'hui un quartier de Paris, qu'on la fabriqua.

OBS

En 1820, le pharmacien Antoine Germain Labarraque étudie les qualités désinfectantes des dérivés chlorés et des hypochlorites de potassium et de sodium. Il met au point une solution de chlorure et d'hypochlorite de sodium qu'il appelle «liqueur de Labarraque». En 1900 on appelait eau de Javel l'hypochlorite de potassium, et eau de Labbaraque, l'hypochlorite de sodium. Plus tard, le procédé de fabrication a remplacé le potassium par le sodium, sans changement de nom.

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Elementos y compuestos químicos
Save record 22

Record 23 2005-11-29

English

Subject field(s)
  • Metallurgy - General
  • Metals Mining
DEF

A metal with marked resistance to chemical reaction, particularly to oxidation and to solution by inorganic acids.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Métallurgie générale
  • Mines métalliques
DEF

Métal qui possède une très bonne résistance au titre des réactions chimiques, en particulier vis-à-vis de l'oxydation et de l'attaque par des solutions à base d'acides minéraux.

Spanish

Save record 23

Record 24 2003-02-13

English

Subject field(s)
  • Chemistry
  • Petrochemistry
DEF

base chemicals: Basic building blocks for the chemical industry, which are converted to other chemicals (eg aromatics and olefins converted into polymers).

CONT

Base chemicals including the petrochemical building blocks, ethylene, propylene, butadiene, benzene, toluene, xylenes, and methanol, which are all important chemical building blocks sourced from the petrochemical industry. Inorganic chemicals such as ammonia, caustic soda, sulphuric acid, chlorine, sulphur, soda ash, bromine, fluorine and phosphorus, to name but a few, are also base chemicals.

Key term(s)
  • base chemicals

French

Domaine(s)
  • Chimie
  • Chimie du pétrole
CONT

[...] l'industrie chimique sud-africaine [...] peut être divisée en quatre grandes catégories : Produits chimiques de base. Produits chimiques intermédiaires. Produits chimiques finis. Produits hautement spécialisés. Les produits de base sont les dérivés fondamentaux de la pétrochimie, comme l'ammoniac, le benzène, le butadiène, l'éthyle, le méthanol, le propène, le toluène et le xylène, par exemple, ainsi que des produits inorganiques tels que le bromure, le chlore, le fluor, le phosphore, le soufre et la cendre de soude.

CONT

Les aromatiques doivent leur nom à leur parfum (ou «arôme») distinctif. Les principales substances du groupe - benzène, toluène et xylènes - sont des produits chimiques de base qui servent de matière première à une large variété d'articles. Presque tous les aromatiques s'obtiennent à partir du pétrole brut; quelques-uns sont toutefois tirés du charbon.

Key term(s)
  • produits chimiques de base

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Química
  • Petroquímica
Key term(s)
  • productos químicos básicos
Save record 24

Record 25 2002-09-17

English

Subject field(s)
  • Chemical Elements and Compounds
DEF

A molecular entity that forms complexes with organic or inorganic guests, or a chemical species that can accommodate guests within cavities of its crystal structure.

OBS

Examples include cryptands and crowns (where there are ion-dipole attractions between heteroatoms and positive ions), hydrogen-bonded molecules that form clathrates (e.g. hydroquinone and water), and host molecules of inclusion compounds (e.g. urea or thiourea). Van der Waals forces bind the guest to the host molecules in clathrates and inclusion compounds.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Éléments et composés chimiques
DEF

Entité moléculaire formant des complexes avec des invités organiques ou inorganiques, ou bien espèce chimique pouvant accueillir des invités dans les cavités de sa structure cristalline.

OBS

Comme exemples d'hôtes, on peut citer : (a) les cryptands et les couronnes, pour lesquels la formation du complexe fait intervenir des interactions stabilisantes ion-dipôle entre des hétéroatomes et des ions positifs, (b) les molécules liées entre elles par des liaisons hydrogènes, qui forment des «clathrates» ( par exemple, l'hydroquinone et l'eau), et (c) les molécules réceptrices des composés d'inclusion ( par exemple, l'urée ou la thiourée). Dans les clathrates et les composés d'inclusion, la cohésion entre l'hôte et l'invité est assurée par des forces de van der Waals.

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Elementos y compuestos químicos
Save record 25

Record 26 2002-06-12

English

Subject field(s)
  • Petroleum Distillation
  • Black Products (Petroleum)
DEF

Lubricating oil that is processed to be used over again.

CONT

Reclaimed oil, refinery crudes, and slops often contain chemical emulsions which have been stabilized by inorganic impurities, viscosity stabilizers, etc.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Distillation du pétrole
  • Produits noirs (Pétrole)
DEF

Huile lubrifiante qui, après avoir servi pendant un certain temps, est recueillie, retraitée et revendue pour réutilisation.

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Destilación del petróleo
  • Productos negros (Petróleo)
Save record 26

Record 27 2002-03-08

English

Subject field(s)
  • Biological Sciences
  • Geology
CONT

Two fundamentally different modes of biomineralization are summarized by Lowenstam and Weiner [1989]. One is called biologically induced mineralization(BIM), in which an organism modifies its local microenvironment creating conditions suitable for the chemical precipitation of extracellular mineral phases. The second mode is called boundary organized biomineralization(BOB), in which inorganic particles are grown within or on some organic matrix produced by the organism.

Key term(s)
  • biomineralisation

French

Domaine(s)
  • Sciences biologiques
  • Géologie
DEF

Emploi de bactéries calcifiantes pulvérisées sur la pierre dégradée d'un édifice, en vue de constituer une couche protectrice de calcin.

Spanish

Save record 27

Record 28 2001-07-04

English

Subject field(s)
  • Chemistry
  • Geochemistry
DEF

A chemical reaction involving the unaided coupling, either fast or slow, of molecular oxygen to an organic or inorganic compound. [Definition standardized by ISO. ]

DEF

The oxidation of minerals on exposure to atmosphere without use of auxiliary reagents.

OBS

autoxidation: term standardized by ISO.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Chimie
  • Géochimie
DEF

Réaction chimique non induite consistant en la fixation plus ou moins rapide de l'oxygène moléculaire sur une substance chimique organique ou inorganique.

OBS

autoxydation : terme et définition normalisés par l'ISO.

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Química
  • Geoquímica
Save record 28

Record 29 2000-12-12

English

Subject field(s)
  • Plastic Materials
CONT

The manufacture of foamed plastics products involves slightly different forming processes than those described above. The three types of foam plastic are blown, syntactic, and structural. Blown foam is an expanded matrix, similar to a natural sponge; syntactic foam is the encapsulation of hollow organic or inorganic micro spheres in the plastic matrix; and structural foam is a foamed core surrounded by a solid outer skin. All three types of foam plastic can be produced using processes such as injection, extrusion, and compression molding to create foam products in many of the same shapes as solid plastics products. The difference is that creating foam products requires processes such as the addition of chemical blowing agents, different mixing processes which add air to the plastic matrix, or a unique injection molding process used to make structural plastic.

CONT

CFCs and HCFCs are used in the manufacture of some blown plastic foams which are termed either rigid or flexible. Rigid plastic foams are mainly used in insulation but are also used for packaging material and as filler. Flexible foams are primarily used for articles such as upholstered furniture, car seats and mattresses. ... In rigid insulation foams, the CFCs and HCFCs are retained to improve insulation. In nonrigid foams the blowing agent is not fully retained.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Matières plastiques
CONT

On ne connaît pas de sources nord-américaines de mousse gonflée aux CFC ou aux HCFC. Il est possible qu'il existe des sources étrangères ou de très petits fournisseurs de mousse gonflée aux HCFC. De nombreux fabricants d'ameublement de bureau utilisent présentement des mousses sans CFC ni HCFC.

CONT

Le défi consiste à caractériser les facteurs clés affectant la performance in situ des isolants thermiques (tassement des isolants en vrac, vieillissement des mousses gonflées au gaz, effets de l'écoulement d'air sur la fibre de verre, effets de l'humidité sur la performance de tous les isolants) et à établir des méthodes d'essai reproduisant les conditions en service.

Spanish

Save record 29

Record 30 2000-11-21

English

Subject field(s)
  • Plastic Materials
DEF

Expanded plastic material having integral skin and outstanding rigidity.

CONT

The three types of foam plastic are blown, syntactic, and structural. Blown foam is an expanded matrix, similar to a natural sponge; syntactic foam is the encapsulation of hollow organic or inorganic micro spheres in the plastic matrix; and structural foam is a foamed core surrounded by a solid outer skin. All three types of foam plastic can be produced using processes such as injection, extrusion, and compression molding to create foam products in many of the same shapes as solid plastics products. The difference is that creating foam products requires processes such as the addition of chemical blowing agents, different mixing processes which add air to the plastic matrix, or a unique injection molding process used to make structural plastic.

OBS

Structural foams involve a variety of thermoplastics resins as well as urethanes.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Matières plastiques
CONT

Le polystyrène existe sous forme de mousses structurées, pour l'électronique et les machines de bureau ainsi que pour remplacer le bois dans le mobilier, et sous forme de polystyrène expansé pour des panneaux d'isolation acoustique ou thermique et pour les récipients alimentaires. Dans les deux cas, les produits non modifiés sont très inflammables et les types retardateurs d'inflammation contiennent des composés halogénés qui augmentent terriblement la densité, la toxicité et la corrosivité des fumées produites en cas d'incendie. Ils ne doivent pas être utilisés en quantités importantes.

Spanish

Save record 30

Record 31 2000-11-21

English

Subject field(s)
  • Plastic Materials
DEF

Composite manufactured by incorporation of hollow spheres of glass or plastic into liquid resin systems before curing.

CONT

The three types of foam plastic are blown, syntactic, and structural. Blown foam is an expanded matrix, similar to a natural sponge; syntactic foam is the encapsulation of hollow organic or inorganic micro spheres in the plastic matrix; and structural foam is a foamed core surrounded by a solid outer skin. All three types of foam plastic can be produced using processes such as injection, extrusion, and compression molding to create foam products in many of the same shapes as solid plastics products. The difference is that creating foam products requires processes such as the addition of chemical blowing agents, different mixing processes which add air to the plastic matrix, or a unique injection molding process used to make structural plastic.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Matières plastiques
CONT

Les mousses syntactiques. Un matériau alliant une faible densité à une résistance élevée à la pression. Caractéristiques générales des mousses syntactiques. Les mousses syntactiques, élaborées à partir d'une matrice de résine thermodurcissable et de charges sphériques creuses, sont des matériaux qui présentent l'avantage d'allier une masse spécifique très basse avec une résistance très élevée à la pression et une très faible absorption d'eau sous pression. Elles trouvent donc naturellement des applications dans les secteurs maritimes et nautiques.

CONT

La première application concerne un matériau du type mousse syntactique constitué de neuf billes de verre noyées dans une résine de carbone isotrope d'époxy.

OBS

syntactique : Se dit d'une mousse obtenue en introduisant des cellules préformées (par exemple billes de verres creuses) dans un liant polymère.

Spanish

Save record 31

Record 32 1999-10-18

English

Subject field(s)
  • Pollutants
CONT

Treatment of Aqueous Inorganic Wastes : Introduction to separation/treatment of aqueous inorganic wastes from chemical and metallurgical processes. Separation/treatment methods discussed include ion exchange, reverse osmosis, adsorption, ion flotation, electromembrane solvent extraction, electro-oxidation and electro-reductio. Legal, economic and social implications.

OBS

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.

OBS

Term usually used in the plural.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Agents de pollution
OBS

Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture.

OBS

Terme utilisé le plus souvent au pluriel.

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Agentes contaminantes
Save record 32

Record 33 1999-05-13

English

Subject field(s)
  • Titles of Monographs
  • Sciences - General
  • Commercial Fishing
OBS

Fisheries and Oceans Canada. Serie: Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Titres de monographies
  • Sciences - Généralités
  • Pêche commerciale

Spanish

Save record 33

Record 34 1999-03-19

English

Subject field(s)
  • Pollutants
  • Water Pollution
  • Soil Pollution
CONT

Nonconservative pollutants... are changed in form or reduced in quantity by chemical and physical processes involved in biological phenomena occurring in water. The most common source of nonconservative pollution is domestic sewage-highly putrescible organic waste that can be converted into inorganic materials...

OBS

biological degradation: The process of decay or decomposition of organic matter accomplished by bacteria or by secretions and chemicals involving these bacteria, fungi and other micro-organisms. Any organic matter that can be broken down by bacteria is called biodegradable matter because it undergoes biodegradation ...

French

Domaine(s)
  • Agents de pollution
  • Pollution de l'eau
  • Pollution du sol

Spanish

Save record 34

Record 35 1998-10-22

English

Subject field(s)
  • Chemistry
CONT

Introduction to Theoretical Chemistry. This course surveys the wide variety of inorganic solid state structures and their properties. Topics include solid-state structure, crystal symmetry, electronic structure from a band theory perspective, magnetism, defects and their effects on properties, phase diagrams, chemical and physical properties of solids, x-ray diffraction, other analytical methods, synthetic methods, and important uses of solid state materials.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Chimie
CONT

Le laboratoire LCTN [...] possède une renommée internationale dans le domaine de la chimie théorique (chimie quantique et dynamique moléculaire). En plus des compétence en chimie, le laboratoire a une forte compétence en chimie informatique et dans le couplage de codes.

Spanish

Save record 35

Record 36 1998-03-10

English

Subject field(s)
  • Government Positions
  • Chemistry

French

Domaine(s)
  • Postes gouvernementaux
  • Chimie

Spanish

Save record 36

Record 37 1991-05-08

English

Subject field(s)
  • Air Pollution
  • Pollutants
  • Climatology
CONT

Under conditions of low humidity, water is lost from these droplets and a solid aerosol is produced. The preceding examples show several ways in which solid or liquid inorganic aerosols are formed by chemical reactions. Such reactions constitute an important general process for the formation of aerosols, particularly the smaller particles.

OBS

Mineral : an inorganic substance.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Pollution de l'air
  • Agents de pollution
  • Climatologie
CONT

En définitive, la quasi-totalité de l'acide nitrique formé dans l'atmosphère se transforme en aérosols minéraux (nitrates). [...] Ces substances se forment par réaction photochimique entre divers constituants des atmosphères polluées exposées à de fortes insolations. Elles ne peuvent donc guère apparaître que dans l'air de villes qui jouissent d'un climat méditerranéen.

Spanish

Save record 37

Record 38 1988-12-05

English

Subject field(s)
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Physics of Solids
OBS

solid state: the condition of a substance in which it is a solid.

OBS

inorganic chemistry : The study of chemical reactions and properties of all the elements and their compounds, with the exception of hydrocarbons....

OBS

chemical reaction: A change in which a substance (or substances) is changed into one or more new substances; ...

French

Domaine(s)
  • Génie chimique
  • Physique des solides
OBS

réaction : Opération chimique dans laquelle des corps mis en présence, ou même un seul corps, disposés dans des conditions convenables, donnent de nouvelles espèces.

OBS

réaction à l'état solide : Réaction s'opérant entre deux ou plusieurs corps solides, comme par exemple : [...] la fabrication de la fonte dans le haut-fourneau.

Spanish

Save record 38

Record 39 1987-02-25

English

Subject field(s)
  • Scientific Research Facilities
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Chemistry

French

Domaine(s)
  • Installations de recherche scientifique
  • Chimie analytique
  • Chimie
OBS

Analyse chimique. (...) Selon la nature des substances étudiées, l'analyse se subdivise en analyse minérale et analyse organique.

Spanish

Save record 39

Record 40 1986-09-25

English

Subject field(s)
  • Chemistry

French

Domaine(s)
  • Chimie

Spanish

Save record 40

Record 41 1980-06-09

English

Subject field(s)
  • Soil Science
OBS

(i) Any mineral occurring as a part of or in the soil.(ii) A natural inorganic compound with definite physical, chemical, and crystalline properties(within the limits of isomorphism) occurring in the soil.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Science du sol
OBS

(i) Matière minérale entrant dans la composition du sol ou qui s'y trouve incorporée. (ii) Composé inorganique naturel ayant des propriétés physiques, chimiques et cristallines définies (dans les limites de l'isomorphisme) et que l'on retrouve dans le sol.

Spanish

Save record 41

Record 42 1976-06-19

English

Subject field(s)
  • Chemistry

French

Domaine(s)
  • Chimie
OBS

(P-73)

Spanish

Save record 42

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