TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

pseudo-total concentration (for inorganics): The amount of an element determined using a strong acid or combination of acids as extractant.  1, record 1, English, - pseudo%2Dtotal%20concentration%20for%20inorganics

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Typically, a small insoluble proportion of the element under consideration is not removed from the matrix by the chosen extractants.  1, record 1, English, - pseudo%2Dtotal%20concentration%20for%20inorganics

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Depending on the element and the soil matrix, the pseudo-total concentration is typically 70% to 90% of the true total concentration.  1, record 1, English, - pseudo%2Dtotal%20concentration%20for%20inorganics

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 3 OBS

pseudo-total concentration for inorganics: The term "pseudo-total concentration (for inorganics)" and the definition have been standardized by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO).  2, record 1, English, - pseudo%2Dtotal%20concentration%20for%20inorganics

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

concentration pseudo-totale (pour les matières inorganiques) : Quantité d'un élément déterminée au moyen d'un acide fort ou d'une combinaison d'acides agissant en qualité de solvant d'extraction.  1, record 1, French, - concentration%20pseudo%2Dtotale%20pour%20les%20mati%C3%A8res%20inorganiques

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Généralement, les solvants d'extraction choisis laissent dans la matrice une faible proportion insoluble de l'élément considéré.  1, record 1, French, - concentration%20pseudo%2Dtotale%20pour%20les%20mati%C3%A8res%20inorganiques

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 2 OBS

La concentration pseudo-totale est généralement comprise, selon l'élément et la matrice du sol, entre 70 % et 90 % de la concentration totale réelle.  1, record 1, French, - concentration%20pseudo%2Dtotale%20pour%20les%20mati%C3%A8res%20inorganiques

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 3 OBS

concentration pseudo-totale pour les matières inorganiques : Le terme «concentration pseudo-totale (pour les matières inorganiques)» et la définition ont été normalisés par l'Organisation internationale de normalisation (ISO).  2, record 1, French, - concentration%20pseudo%2Dtotale%20pour%20les%20mati%C3%A8res%20inorganiques

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Method based on the covalent attachment of enzymes to water insoluble matrices. It is the most widespread and one of the most investigated approaches to enzyme immobilisation. The selection of conditions for immobilization is more difficult than in the cases of the other carrier binding methods described, and frequently involves more complicated and less mild conditions than the other methods, but, since covalent bonds are being formed, stable immobilized enzyme preparations which do not leach enzyme into solution in the presence of substrate or high ionic concentration solutions are formed in almost all cases. The immobilization of an enzyme by covalent attachment to a support matrix must involve only functional groups of the enzyme that are not essential for catalytic action, and therefore no reagents must be used which could affect the binding and active sites of the enzyme.  2, record 2, English, - covalent%20binding

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The reaction conditions required for covalent binding are relatively complicated and not particularly mild. Therefore, in some cases, covalent binding alters the conformational structure and active center of the enzyme, resulting in major loss of activity and/or changes of substrate specificity.  3, record 2, English, - covalent%20binding

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Technique largement employée dans le cas des enzymes qui met en jeu une réaction chimique créant une liaison irréversible entre la molécule enzymatique et les groupes réactifs du support. A ce type de liaison se surajoutent toujours des phénomènes d'adsorption électrostatique qui consolident la fixation.  2, record 2, French, - fixation%20par%20liaison%20covalente

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'enzyme fixée à un support soluble ou insoluble peut très facilement être récupérée en fin de réaction et être réemployé plusieurs fois et même fonctionner en continu dans des réacteurs. Il existe trois grands types d'immobilisation des enzymes : l'inclusion, l'adsorption et la fixation par liaison covalente.  3, record 2, French, - fixation%20par%20liaison%20covalente

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The resulting dosage form is a diffusion-controlled device that contains a pharmaceutically or nutritionally active compound distributed through an insoluble matrix that remains substantially intact during release of the drug. As the drug becomes depleted from the matrix in the proximity of the exposed surface, the drug release rate becomes a function of diffusion path length through the insoluble matrix.  1, record 3, English, - insoluble%20matrix

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Matrices inertes. Appelées également matrices insolubles [...], les matrices inertes assurent une libération prolongée grâce à leur structure poreuse et à un mécanisme très peu influencé par les variables physiologiques. La libération s'effectue en plusieurs étapes, de façon concomitante. Le fluide digestif pénètre par capillarité dans le réseau poreux; la poudre médicamenteuse se dissout progressivement, avec accroissement de la porosité, puis le soluté se libère par diffusion dans les canalicules de la matrice.  1, record 3, French, - matrice%20insoluble

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A careful balance is needed between the amount of rosin required to provide sufficient biocide release and the quantity of the other film-forming components used to make the coating tough and durable. As the rosin content increases the binder system becomes softer and more soluble in seawater whereas a low rosin content makes the binder system virtually insoluble and hard. Antifoulings which are softer and more soluble are known as “controlled depletion polymer”(CDP) or soluble matrix antifoulings, whereas the hard types are known as insoluble matrix or “contact leaching” antifoulings.  3, record 4, English, - controlled%20depletion%20polymer%20antifouling

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Nautilus Self-Polishing unit les avantages de la peinture antifouling à matrice soluble, parce qu'il consent à la pellicule de la peinture de se consommer progressivement, afin de toujours offrir une nouvelle couche.  2, record 4, French, - peinture%20antisalissures%20%C3%A0%20matrice%20soluble

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Contact leaching paint, also known as hard-racing or long-life paints, are also free-association types but have an insoluble matrix. Continuous biocide release is generated by the high biocide concentration ensuring that biocide particles contact each other through the paint film. As surface biocide is released, microchannels are created which permit release of biocide from deeper in the coating. Biocide release rates decrease exponentially with time and effective life is again limited to periods rarely exceeding 18 months.  3, record 5, English, - contact%20leaching%20antifouling%20paint

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The products with a low level of rosin are hard and are referred to as contact leaching antifoulings. They are mechanically tough, have no polishing characteristics and commonly have a maximum in-service lifetime of 24 months (depending on in-service conditions and specification applied).  2, record 5, English, - contact%20leaching%20antifouling%20paint

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les peintures antisalissures dures. Le terme technique pour ce type de produits antisalissures est «lixiviation par contact». Après l'application, le film de peinture sèche pour former une surface dure et poreuse que l'on peut poncer. Le film contient des biocides qui se libèrent au contact de l'eau pour empêcher l'apparition de salissures.  2, record 5, French, - peinture%20antisalissures%20%C3%A0%20lixiviation%20par%20contact

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Broad class of proteins constituted of one or more polypeptide chains or groups of such chains; they are elongated, very asymmetric molecules whose length may be 10 or more times their diameter. The polypeptide chains may be coiled and may be cross-linked by disulfide bonds and by hydrogen bonds.  2, record 6, English, - fibrous%20protein

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Proteins can be placed in two major classes, fibrous and globular.... Fibrous proteins are physically tough and are insoluble in water or dilute salt solutions. They are the basic structural elements in the connective tissue of higher animals. Examples are collagen of tendons and bone matrix, [alpha]-keratin of hair, horn, skin, nails, and feathers, and elastin of elastic connective tissue.  3, record 6, English, - fibrous%20protein

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The principal difference between the compact globular proteins ... and ... fibrous structural proteins is that the latter are generally built from repeating motifs which enable them to grow into large structural assemblies. Silk fibroin is just such a large assembly, but with a different motif from collagen and [alpha]-keratin.  4, record 6, English, - fibrous%20protein

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Protéines physiquement résistantes qui constituent un matériel insoluble dans l'eau et les solutions salines diluées. Elles sont constituées de chaînes polypeptidiques rangées parallèlement le long d'un même axe pour former de longues fibres. Ces protéines forment les structures élémentaires du tissu conjonctif des animaux supérieurs.  2, record 6, French, - prot%C3%A9ine%20fibreuse

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Chez les vertébrés une protéine fibreuse, le collagène est la protéine extracellulaire de structure la plus importante du tissu conjonctif et de l'os. Les fibrilles de collagène contribuent aussi à la formation de structures continues qui unissent les cellules pour former un tissu. Deux autres protéines fibreuses existent chez les vertébrés, l'élastine du tissu élastique et la kératine [alpha].  3, record 6, French, - prot%C3%A9ine%20fibreuse

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Material consisting of a metal, the matrix phase, and a finely dispersed metallic or non-metallic phase, substantially insoluble in the matrix phase.  1, record 7, English, - dispersion%2Dstrengthened%20material

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

dispersion-strengthened material: term and definition standardized by ISO.  2, record 7, English, - dispersion%2Dstrengthened%20material

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Matériau constitué par une phase mère, un métal et une phase métallique ou non, finement dispersée, essentiellement insoluble dans la phase mère.  1, record 7, French, - mat%C3%A9riau%20%C3%A0%20durcissement%20par%20phase%20dispers%C3%A9e

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

matériau à durcissement par phase dispersée : terme et définition normalisés par l'ISO.  3, record 7, French, - mat%C3%A9riau%20%C3%A0%20durcissement%20par%20phase%20dispers%C3%A9e

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In many cases the presence of an insoluble or even soluble carrier matrix may become an insuperable obstacle for the enzyme to perform its function in the organism. In such cases investigators have used bifunctional reagents to stabilize enzymes by intramolecular crosslinking. As a rule these attempts have had only limited success, based on trials with many enzymes.... The matter is complicated by the fact that the bifunctional reagent can interact with the enzyme in three different ways : one point modification, intermolecular linking, and intramolecular crosslinking. The observed stabilization effect can be explained easily by a simple modification to the enzyme or by changes in the microenvironment as a result of the modification.  1, record 8, English, - bifunctional%20reagent

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'insolubilisation des enzymes requiert (...) une "greffe" dans des conditions douces, entre R-COOH ou R-NH₂ de la protéine et certains groupements réactifs du support solide. (...) Les agents du couplage enzyme-support sont en bonne règle des agents bifonctionnels, actifs dans des conditions douces (glutaraldéhyde, carbodiimides, etc.). Souvent, la liaison n'est pas effectuée en une seule étape, mais le support est d'abord activé, puis la protéine lui est fixée.  1, record 8, French, - agent%20bifonctionnel

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish