TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The Canadian Forces Military Law Centre is the military legal education and training delivery organization for the Canadian Armed Forces(CAF). The mission of the CFMLC is to lead the design, development and delivery of legal research, doctrine, education and training for the CAF.  1, record 1, English, - Canadian%20Forces%20Military%20Law%20Centre

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le CDMFC est l'organisation responsable de l'éducation et de la formation juridique militaire pour les Forces armées canadiennes (FAC). Son mandat consiste à fournir une formation en droit, du matériel et des services didactiques aux militaires afin de les aider à relever les défis associés aux opérations courantes et futures.  1, record 1, French, - Centre%20de%20droit%20militaire%20des%20Forces%20canadiennes

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

"Doctrine" means "the teaching of the most highly qualified publicists of the various nations." It is considered a subsidiary means for the determination of the law, i.e. resorted to only in the absence of treaty, custom or general principles of law.  5, record 2, English, - doctrine

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

legal writings: Expression reproduced from the Glosario Provisional de Términos Jurídicos with the permission of the United Nations Office at Geneva.  6, record 2, English, - doctrine

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Conception et interprétation du droit présentées par les auteurs dans leurs ouvrages de science juridique.  2, record 2, French, - doctrine

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La Cour, dont la mission est de régler conformément au droit international les différends qui lui sont soumis, applique [...] les décisions judiciaires et la doctrine des publicistes les plus qualifiés des différentes nations, comme moyen auxiliaire de détermination des règles du droit.  3, record 2, French, - doctrine

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Se distingue et parfois s'oppose à la jurisprudence, c'est-à-dire à la conception et à l'interprétation du droit qui se dégage des décisions arbitrales ou judiciaires.  2, record 2, French, - doctrine

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

doctrina científica: Es la doctrina de los autores que no constituye parte del ordenamiento jurídico pero tiene influencia en la vida jurídica.  1, record 2, Spanish, - doctrina%20cient%C3%ADfica

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

doctrina científica: Expresión y definición reproducidas del Glosario Provisional de Términos Jurídicos con la autorización de la Oficina de las Naciones Unidas en Ginebra.  2, record 2, Spanish, - doctrina%20cient%C3%ADfica

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

According to traditional legal doctrine, if one party makes a promise and the other party offers nothing in exchange for that promise, the promise is unenforceable. Such a promise is known as a "gratuitous promise. "Gratuitous promises are said to be "unenforceable for lack of consideration. "  2, record 3, English, - gratuitous%20promise

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Some Canadian judges hold a conference with counsel prior to counsel’s closing addresses to the jury. (L.R.C., The Jury in Criminal Trials, 1980, Working Paper 27, p. 88)  1, record 4, English, - closing%20address

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

When the presentation of all evidence has been completed, counsel to each of the parties addresses the trier(s) of fact, reviewing and summarizing the evidence, and(if there is no jury) arguing the applicable legal doctrine.(Schiff, Evidence in the Litigation Process, 1978, p. 27)  1, record 4, English, - closing%20address

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

plaidoirie : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 4, French, - plaidoirie

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The equitable doctrine of notice was that a person who purchased an estate, although for valuable consideration, after notice of a prior equitable right, made himself a "mala fide" purchaser, and was not enabled, by getting in the legal estate, to defeat that right, but was held to be a trustee for the benefit of the person whose right he sought to defeat.(Jowitt, 2nd ed., 1977, p. 1253).  1, record 5, English, - mala%20fide%20purchaser

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

L'équivalent «acheteur de mauvaise foi» sera acceptable en contexte.  1, record 5, French, - acqu%C3%A9reur%20de%20mauvaise%20foi

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 OBS

acquéreur de mauvaise foi : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 5, French, - acqu%C3%A9reur%20de%20mauvaise%20foi

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Doctrines of law are systematic formulations of legal principles, rules, conceptions, and standards with respect to particular situations, or types of cases, or fields of the legal order, in logically interdependent schemes, whereby reasoning may proceed on the basis of the scheme and its logical implications. Examples are the doctrine of consideration in contract, the doctrine of personal bar, and the doctrine of "respondeat superior". The development and formulation of doctrines are the work of judges and jurists, not of legislation, which treats of particular rules only.("Oxford Companion to Law", 1980, p. 371).  1, record 6, English, - doctrine

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

doctrine : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 6, French, - doctrine

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Under the "Married Women's Property Act", 1882...(t) he court must give effect to the legal and equitable property rights of the parties as they exist, and there is no doctrine of "family assets" which gives the court discretion to depart from the ordinary law of ownership.(Megarry & Wade, 4th ed., 1975, p. 997)  1, record 7, English, - legal%20property%20right

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

droit de propriété en common law : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 7, French, - droit%20de%20propri%C3%A9t%C3%A9%20en%20common%20law

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The equitable doctrine of notice was that a person who purchased an estate, although for valuable consideration, after notice of a prior equitable right, made himself a "mala fide" purchaser, and was not enabled, by getting in the legal estate, to defeat that right, but was held to be a trustee for the benefit of the person whose right he sought to defeat.(Jowitt, 2nd ed., 1977, p. 1253).  1, record 8, English, - equitable%20doctrine%20of%20notice

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

doctrine de la connaissance en equity : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 8, French, - doctrine%20de%20la%20connaissance%20en%20equity

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

In determining the issue as to the priority of the mortgages, the doctrine of "feeding the estoppel" was considered. This doctrine is invoked when a person has no legal interest in the land at the time of the conveyance. As soon as he acquires title, it "feeds the estoppel" so as to pass his title to the grantee, according to the covenants in the deed, but subject to any limitations or defects in his newly acquired title.(5 R. P. R., p. 16)  1, record 9, English, - doctrine%20of%20feeding%20the%20estoppel

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

doctrine du soutien de la préclusion : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 9, French, - doctrine%20du%20soutien%20de%20la%20pr%C3%A9clusion

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In English law, a promise is not, as a general rule, binding as a contract unless it is either made under seal or supported by some "consideration". The purpose of the doctrine of consideration is to put some legal limit on the enforceability of agreements even where they are intended to be legally binding and are not vitiated by some factor such as mistake, misrepresentation, duress or illegality.... The present position therefore is that English law limits the enforceability of agreements not under seal by reference to a complex and multifarious body of rules known as "the doctrine of consideration. "(Chitty on Contracts, 26th ed., 1989, Vol I, pp. 105-106).  1, record 10, English, - doctrine%20of%20consideration

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

doctrine de la contrepartie : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 10, French, - doctrine%20de%20la%20contrepartie

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Traditionally, the legal mechanism employed to resolve disputes arising through changes in land bordering upon water is the doctrine of accretion. Stated briefly, this doctrine is that naturally occurring additions of soil to waterside land become the property of the riparian owner of the land which is thereby increased, and soil removed by erosion ceases to belong to the riparian owner whose land is diminished.(Howarth, The Conveyancer, p. 247)  1, record 11, English, - doctrine%20of%20accretion

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

doctrine de l'accroissement : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 11, French, - doctrine%20de%20l%27accroissement

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A person ... can never ... have an absolute ownership of the land itself. This is because of the ... "doctrine of estates", which limits ownership of land short of being absolute. The greatest interest one can have in it is an estate, and an estate is always short of absolute ownership of the land it covers. (Cartwright, p. 324-325)  1, record 12, English, - doctrine%20of%20estates

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

In Anglo-Canadian real property law, fragmentation of the property right in several ways is thus possible. The three main ones are on the basis of time, between legal and equitable ownership and by co-ownership.... Division on the basis of time takes place by virtue of the doctrine of estates.(Anger and Honsberger, 2nd, p. 11)  1, record 12, English, - doctrine%20of%20estates

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

doctrine domaniale; doctrine des domaines : termes normalisés par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 12, French, - doctrine%20domaniale

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The legal doctrine of informed consent is part of the general law of patient consent.  3, record 13, English, - informed%20consent%20doctrine

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The Supreme Court of Canada and provincial appellate courts have repeatedly affirmed the doctrine of informed consent, ruling that care providers will be liable in tort (for negligence or battery) if they carry out a medical intervention without such consent.  4, record 13, English, - informed%20consent%20doctrine

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 3 CONT

... some patients have their minds made up before they acquire the kind of information that the informed consent doctrine requires that they receive, and the receipt of this information does not change their decision.  5, record 13, English, - informed%20consent%20doctrine

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Dans la doctrine du consentement éclairé, le patient consent donc en fonction de l'information qui touche non seulement la nature de l'acte médico-chirurgical posé sur lui mais aussi les conséquences possibles de l'acte.  2, record 13, French, - doctrine%20du%20consentement%20%C3%A9clair%C3%A9

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... according to the court, "special or unusual risks" ... include possible risks which, in a particular case, have the potential for serious consequences if they occur.  2, record 14, English, - special%20or%20unusual%20risks

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 2 CONT

As it stands, the legal doctrine of informed consent requires the physician to tell the patient, without being questioned, not only the nature of the treatment but also any material risks and any special or unusual risks.  3, record 14, English, - special%20or%20unusual%20risks

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

"special or unusual risks" is a set expression used in the field of the law of consent.  4, record 14, English, - special%20or%20unusual%20risks

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 2 OBS

special or unusual riks: term usually used in the plural.  4, record 14, English, - special%20or%20unusual%20risks

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Quant aux risques «particuliers ou inhabituels», il s'agit des risques peu courants, qui sortent de l'ordinaire ou auxquels on ne fait pas face dans la vie quotidienne. Il s'agit des risques quelque peu extraordinaires, rares et qu'on ne rencontre pas tous les jours, mais qui surviennent à l'occasion. Bien qu'il s'agisse d'événements rares, en raison de leur caractère inhabituel ou particulier, la Cour suprême a déclaré qu'ils doivent être communiqués à un patient raisonnable, même s'il ne s'agit pas de risques «importants».  3, record 14, French, - risques%20particuliers%20ou%20inhabituels

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 2 CONT

[...] le praticien est tenu d'instruire son client de tous les aléas particuliers ou inhabituels à l'opération.  2, record 14, French, - risques%20particuliers%20ou%20inhabituels

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Fiche terminologique en droit de la responsabilité délictuelle fournie par le Centre de traduction et de documentation juridique de l'Université d'Ottawa.  4, record 14, French, - risques%20particuliers%20ou%20inhabituels

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 2 OBS

«risques particuliers ou inhabituels» et «aléas particuliers ou inhabituels» sont des expressions figées dans le domaine du droit touchant le consentement.  5, record 14, French, - risques%20particuliers%20ou%20inhabituels

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 3 OBS

risques particuliers ou inhabituels; aléas particuliers ou inhabituels : termes habituellement utilisés au pluriel.  5, record 14, French, - risques%20particuliers%20ou%20inhabituels

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

As a general rule, an individual has no duty to aid another in danger if he did not create the perilous situation. This doctrine of "bad samaritanism" is a prevalent feature of the Anglo-American legal systems.  2, record 15, English, - bad%20samaritanism

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The doctrine recognized in some legal systems that a decision by a court of competent jurisdiction on a point of law becomes not merely a guide but an authority to be followed by all other courts of equal or inferior jurisdiction in all cases involving the same question, until said decision is reversed or overruled by a court of superior jurisdiction. In other words, when once a point of law has been settled by a decision, a precedent is thereby formed which is not afterwards to be departed from.  3, record 16, English, - stare%20decisis

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

... decisions of international courts or tribunals do not constitute precedents in the technical sense of "stare decisis" in the common law; but they have weighty, persuasive effect.  3, record 16, English, - stare%20decisis

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 2 OBS

The principle for reliance on decided cases.  4, record 16, English, - stare%20decisis

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

stare decisis : Premier membre de l'adage latin «stare decisis et non quieta movere» : s'en tenir à ce qui a été décidé et ne pas bouleverser ce qui est établi. Expression de la règle appliquée dans les pays anglo-saxons, d'après laquelle les principes de droit posés par une décision judiciaire ont force obligatoire, tant qu'ils n'ont pas été abandonnés par une décision ultérieure, émanant d'une juridiction supérieure ou de même rang.  5, record 16, French, - stare%20decisis

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 2 OBS

stamus decisis : nous nous en tenons aux décisions déjà rendues.  4, record 16, French, - stare%20decisis

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 3 OBS

Le respect des décisions des tribunaux supérieurs.  6, record 16, French, - stare%20decisis

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[Principio que obliga a] considerar vinculantes las decisiones judiciales anteriores.  4, record 16, Spanish, - stare%20decisis

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

El principio "stare decisis" significa que a un caso posterior debe aplicarse la solución del precedente si rigen los mismos puntos, reglas o principios ya que se emplea el método comparativo e inductivo para determinar la similitud entre ambos casos y el grado de aplicabilidad de la solución anterior al conflicto actual.  5, record 16, Spanish, - stare%20decisis

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The doctrine [of equality of States] imports not merely equality at law, but also the capacity for equal legal rights and equal legal duties. The results of the doctrine are seen particularly in the law and practice as to multilateral treaties where generally the rule has prevailed that unanimity is necessary for the adoption of these instruments by States in Conference. [...] To quote one authority «The unanimity rule, conceived as the safeguard of the minority, has, through exaggerating the doctrine of equality, become and instrument of tyranny against the majority».  1, record 17, English, - unanimity%20rule

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[...] the recent trend is towards decisions and voting by a majority, instead of unanimously. This is particularly reflected in voting procedures in the United Nations, the International Labour Organisation, and other bodies.  1, record 17, English, - unanimity%20rule

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Règle traditionnellement suivie dans les conférences diplomatiques d'après laquelle, sous réserve de certaines exceptions ou modalités convenues, une proposition ne peut être adoptée que du commun accord de tous les États représentés à la Conférence.  1, record 17, French, - r%C3%A8gle%20de%20l%27unanimit%C3%A9

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[Cette] règle [est] maintenue pour les décisions de certains organes internationaux, mais écartée par la Charte des Nations Unies qui y substitue une règle de majorité qualifiée.  1, record 17, French, - r%C3%A8gle%20de%20l%27unanimit%C3%A9

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

... the legal doctrine of contra proferentem... states that where there is any ambiguity in the wording of a contract, the meaning shall be construed as that less favorable to the person drawing the contract.  1, record 18, English, - doctrine%20of%20contra%20proferentem

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[...] la doctrine contra proferentem [...] stipule que lorsqu'il y a ambiguïté dans le texte d'un contrat, la signification sera interprétée comme étant celle qui est la moins avantageuse pour la personne qui rédige le contrat.  3, record 18, French, - r%C3%A8gle%20%C2%ABcontra%20proferentem%C2%BB

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Contra proferentem. Contre celui qui a exprimé : Le mot latin «proferre» a divers sens, dont celui d'énoncer («proferre sententiam», prononcer un jugement) et celui de produire ou créer. L'expression «contra proferentem» rappelle surtout que tout document, en cas d'ambiguïté, doit être interprété contre celui qui l'a rédigé. On lui donne parfois le sens que le document doit être interprété contre celui qui le produit. La règle est souvent invoquée par l'assuré contre son assureur de même que dans tout contrat d'adhésion. On écrit parfois : «OMNIA PRAESUMUNTUR CONTRA PROFERENTEM».  4, record 18, French, - r%C3%A8gle%20%C2%ABcontra%20proferentem%C2%BB

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 3 OBS

«VERBA CHARTARUM FORTIUS ACCIPIUNTUR CONTRA PROFERENTEM». Les termes du contrat sont interprétés contre celui qui l'a rédigé.  5, record 18, French, - r%C3%A8gle%20%C2%ABcontra%20proferentem%C2%BB

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Continuous voyage : the legal doctrine in which the cargo of a ship may be condemned in prize even though it is consigned to a neutral port provided that it can be shown that the ultimate onward destination of the cargo is a belligerent. It is a doctrine which applies only after a declaration of blockade by a belligerent in time of war.  1, record 19, English, - continuous%20voyage

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Une pratique générale, désignée sous le nom de «théorie du voyage continu», permet de saisir une marchandise de contrebande absolue entre deux ports neutres, lorsque le second port ne constitue qu'une escale et que la destination définitive est le territoire ennemi.  1, record 19, French, - th%C3%A9orie%20du%20voyage%20continu

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 20,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

It is a much disputed question in the teaching of legal authorities and in the jurisprudence of the principal countries whether the doctrine of litispendance, the object of which is to prevent the possibility of conflicting judgments, can be invoked in international relations, in the sense that the judges of one State should, in the absence of a treaty, refuse to entertain any suit already pending before the courts of another State, exactly as they would be found to do if an action on the same subject had at some previous time been brought in due form before another court of their own country.  1, record 20, English, - litispendance

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Situation qui se présente quand le différend porté devant un tribunal compétent pour en connaître est pendant devant un autre tribunal également compétent.  1, record 20, French, - litispendance

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

"C'est une question vivement controversée dans la doctrine des auteurs et dans la jurisprudence des principaux Etats, que celle de savoir si la litispendance, qui a pour objet de prévenir un conflit de choses jugées, peut être invoquée dans les rapports internationaux, en ce sens que les juges d'un État devraient refuser de connaître, en l'absence d'un traité, de toute affaire déjà pendante devant un tribunal étranger, exactement comme ils auraient le devoir de le faire si un tribunal national avait été, à une époque antérieure, régulièrement saisi de la même affaire.  1, record 20, French, - litispendance

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 21,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Doctrine according to which both international law and municipal law form part of one and the same legal order.  1, record 21, English, - monism

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS

In this view, international law is either inferior or superior to municipal law.  1, record 21, English, - monism

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Conception doctrinale selon laquelle l'ordre juridique interne et l'ordre juridique international constituent un seul ordre juridique avec subordination de l'un à l'autre.  1, record 21, French, - monisme

Record 21,  Textual support,  Spanish