TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An instruction within an organization directing employees and others to preserve (and refrain from destroying or modifying) certain records and information [that] may be relevant to the subject matter of a pending or anticipated legal proceeding.  3, record 2, English, - litigation%20hold

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les parties devraient mettre en place des mesures raisonnables afin de respecter leur obligation de préserver les informations pertinentes dans le cadre d'un litige. Dans les juridictions de common law, l'obligation de préservation naît lorsqu'une procédure est signifiée mais peut également naître lorsqu'il est raisonnable d'envisager un litige.  4, record 2, French, - obligation%20de%20pr%C3%A9servation%20de%20la%20preuve

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[A] communication issued as a result of current or anticipated litigation, audit, government investigation or other such matter that suspends the normal disposition or processing of records.  3, record 3, English, - litigation%20hold%20notice

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Distribute litigation hold notices to relevant persons as soon as litigation is contemplated or threatened. Ensure that any automatic file destruction mechanisms are suspended by the issuance of litigation holds.  4, record 3, English, - litigation%20hold%20notice

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[An] amount which federal legislation requires a bank to hold with the central bank in the form of deposits consisting of legal tender.  1, record 4, English, - cash%20reserve

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[Montant] en monnaie légale que les banques à charte sont tenues, par les lois fédérales, de maintenir sous forme de dépôts à la banque centrale.  4, record 4, French, - r%C3%A9serve%20de%20liquidit%C3%A9

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Cantidades de activo inmediatamente disponibles que se deben constituir por imperativo legal y que son: el dinero efectivo de las cajas de los bancos comerciales, y sus depósitos de reserva en el banco central y los créditos que puede concederles este banco.  1, record 4, Spanish, - reserva%20de%20caja

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A category of "inherently dangerous articles" or "things dangerous in themselves", for which a stricter standard of care is required, still exists. Devised to avoid the horror of..., this legal concept was an exception to the no-privity rule that enabled courts to hold manufacturers liable for injuries inflicted by poison, guns, gas, or explosives.  2, record 5, English, - inherently%20dangerous%20thing

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Il existe encore une catégorie d'«objets essentiellement dangereux» ou de «choses dangereuses en elles-mêmes», auxquels s'applique une norme de prudence plus stricte. [...], ce concept juridique constituait une exception à la règle qui exige un lien de droit entre les parties. Il a permis aux tribunaux de tenir responsables les fabricants de produits toxiques, d'armes à feu, de gaz ou d'explosifs.  2, record 5, French, - chose%20dangereuse%20en%20soi

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The registered corporation is deemed to be a separate legal person, acting in its own right. The contributors who hold the certificates are entitled to share in the profits according to the number they own and may vote at some decision-making meetings about corporate policy. They are also entitled to share in any property left over after the corporation ends business and has paid all its debts.  2, record 6, English, - registered%20corporation

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

One who settles on another's land, without legal title or authority. A person entering upon lands, not claiming in good faith the right to do so by virtue of any title of his own or by virtue of some agreement with another whom he believes to hold the title.(Black, 5th, p. 1258)  2, record 7, English, - squatter

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Personne prenant abusivement possession d'un local vacant. (Arrêté du 16 juillet 1984 relatif à l'enrichissement du vocabuliare de l'urbanisme et du logement, Journal official - N. C. du 21 juillet 1984).  2, record 7, French, - squatteur

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 2 OBS

squatteur; squatteuse : termes normalisés par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  3, record 7, French, - squatteur

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The essential difference between legal and equitable rights is best understood by comparing absolute ownership with trusts....(A) t this point it is only necessary to appreciate that trusts were unenforceable at common law. If land was conveyed to A in fee simple upon trust for B in fee simple, the common law courts regarded A as absolute owner and would not recognise any rights in B. But the Chancellor would enforce trusts, as matters of conscience, and compel A to hold the land on B's behalf and to allow B to enjoy it. In such a case A is the "legal owner", B is the "equitable owner". The land is vested in A, but since he is trustee of it he is not the beneficial owner : he has only the "bare legal estate", and the beneficial interest belongs to B. Now legal ownership confers rights "in rem", rights of property in the land itself, which can be enforced against anyone. Equitable ownership conferred at first only a right "in personam", a right to compel the trustee personally to perform his trust.(Megarry & Wade, 4th ed., 1975, p. 113).  1, record 8, English, - legal%20ownership

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

propriété en common law : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 8, French, - propri%C3%A9t%C3%A9%20en%20common%20law

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Although in the case of personalty... there may be either a legal joint tenancy or a legal tenancy in common, a trust may, of course, be created(even orally) by the donor of personalty to one or more persons for concurrent interests.... In such cases, where the trustees hold as legal joint tenants in trust for persons entitled in common in equity, the "jus accrescendi" will, of course, operate with respect to the legal interest upon the death of one of the trustees.(Crossley Vaines, 5th ed., 1973, p. 57).  1, record 9, English, - joint%20tenancy%20at%20law

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

tenance conjointe en common law : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langue officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 9, French, - tenance%20conjointe%20en%20common%20law

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Since the typical recorder's office may contain thousands of volumes and millions of documents, some form of index is essential so that searchers can locate instruments which affect the land whose title is being searched. Thus the office contains two types of volumes : index books and books which hold the actual copies of the legal instruments. The latter are sometimes called deed books, even though they include other types of documents, such as leases, mortgages and releases in addition to deeds.(Cunningham, Stoebuck and Whitman, 3rd ed., 1984, p. 797).  1, record 10, English, - index%20book

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

répertoire : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 10, French, - r%C3%A9pertoire

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Literally, a crop in the process of growth, an unmatured crop. But a disputed term in legal parlance. Some authorities hold that a growing crop may be either above or below the surface of the soil, while other authorities hold that a crop is not a growing crop unless it shows above ground, and that underground sprouts do not constitute such a crop. Again, some authorities hold that a crop is growing from the time the seed is planted until the harvest, while other authorities hold that a matured, ungathered crop is not growing. Whether grass in a pasture is a growing crop is also a controverted question.(Ballentine's, 3rd ed., 1969, p. 538)  1, record 11, English, - growing%20crop

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

récolte en cours de croissance : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 11, French, - r%C3%A9colte%20en%20cours%20de%20croissance

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

There were three special cases, in all of which persons who were joint tenants at law were compelled by equity to hold the legal estate upon trust for themselves as equitable tenants in common.  2, record 12, English, - equitable%20tenant%20in%20common

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

tenant : Acception générique de même type que celle de tenancy. Le français «tenant», générique, qui désigne en définitive le titulaire de certains droits sur un bien, est remplacé dans certains composés par «titulaire».  2, record 12, French, - tenant%20commun%20en%20equity

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 2 OBS

tenant commun en equity : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  3, record 12, French, - tenant%20commun%20en%20equity

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Entails could exist in freehold land either as legal estates or equitably under a trust, according to whether the grant was direct or whether the legal estate was first put in trustees to hold for an equitable entailed interest in the beneficiaries.(Crossley Vaines, 5th ed., 1973, p. 33).  1, record 13, English, - equitable%20entailed%20interest

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

intérêt taillé en equity : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 13, French, - int%C3%A9r%C3%AAt%20taill%C3%A9%20en%20equity

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The interests in property which were created and enforced by the Court of Chancery, where it would have been against conscience to permit the legal owner of property to keep the benefit of property for himself; "e. g. "a trustee had the legal estate in the trust property, but he was compelled to hold the property on behalf of the beneficiaries whose interests were merely equitable.(Osborn's, 6th ed., 1976, p. 134).  1, record 14, English, - equitable%20interest

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

intérêt en equity : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 14, French, - int%C3%A9r%C3%AAt%20en%20equity

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The elements(of legal possession) are "animus possidendi", intent to hold against others, and "factum possidendi"... The elements may be separated in that an owner has "animus possidendi" while away from home or while a borrower from him has "factum possidendi", the latter having "animus" as against all except the true owner.(Oxford Companion to Law, 1980, pp. 970-1)  2, record 15, English, - animus%20possidendi

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le terme désigne l'intention qui marque la possession juridique et non l'intention de prendre possession.  1, record 15, French, - intention%20de%20poss%C3%A9der

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 2 OBS

intention de posséder : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 15, French, - intention%20de%20poss%C3%A9der

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A legal right of a shipowner to hold in possession cargo and freight pending the full settlement of chartered freight, demurrage, and all other expenses due.  2, record 16, English, - shipowner%26rsquo%3Bs%20lien

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

... a legal procedure for claiming the right to have personal property returned from the possession of one who had less right to hold it than the plaintiff.  2, record 17, English, - replevin

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

replevin: A legal remedy by which one party can take specific property from another party pending a decision as to who has the right to possess it. The party thus getting possession must post a bond. The party from whom the property was replevied can in some states get it back by a counter action in replevin plus a bond. The action does not decide who owns the property, but merely who has the right to possession.  3, record 17, English, - replevin

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS

action mobilière ou immobilière en recouvrement de la possession, exercée par le possesseur évincé sans droit, par violence ou par voies de fait [...]  3, record 17, French, - action%20en%20mainlev%C3%A9e%20de%20saisie

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The duty of confidentiality... Physicians are legally(and ethically) bound to hold any and all information obtained from a patient confidential. This duty ensures that the patient's legal rights(including reputation and social status) are protected. Confidentiality is, of course, also recognized as essential for physician-patient respect and trust. Exceptions arise when the patient waives the right to confidentiality or when provided for in law.  4, record 18, English, - duty%20of%20confidentiality

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'obligation de confidentialité. Comme tous les autres professionnels, le médecin a envers ses patients une obligation de confidentialité. Cette obligation couvre tant les informations divulguées par le patient dans le cadre de la relation professionnelle que tous les faits que le médecin constate par lui-même en raison de sa science et de son expérience.  4, record 18, French, - obligation%20de%20confidentialit%C3%A9

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Wrestling. A hold in which the aggressor, in a position above and behind his opponent, bends his opponent's arm at the elbow so that the wrist is near the side either in front or in back and thrusts his own arm under the opponent's forearm and over his shoulder or across the back exerting upward leverage. This hold is legal so long as pressure is not applied parallel to the long axis of the opponent's body.  1, record 19, English, - chicken%20wing

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[...] quelques prises de lutte gréco-romaine : [...] ramassement d'un bras; [...]  2, record 19, French, - ramassement%20de%20bras

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 20,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Putting punitive taxes on legal merchandise like cigarettes and liquor, and then trying to seal Canada off from the rest of the world where normal market prices hold, will turn citizens into smugglers.... If you punish good qualities such as enterprise and hard work through punitive taxes, then they will be discouraged.  1, record 20, English, - punitive%20tax

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les bateaux déchargeant dans la mer devraient être frappés de lourdes taxes ou amendes de dissuasion.  1, record 20, French, - taxe%20de%20dissuasion

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish