TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Government of Canada clemency intervention is only one of those avenues. Others may include legal appeals, petitions to specific officials and remission in recognition of good behaviour.  3, record 1, English, - remission

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Selon la Cour suprême du Canada, le tribunal doit accorder une réduction de peine pour la détention provisoire, à moins de justifier son abstention à cet égard.  2, record 1, French, - r%C3%A9duction%20de%20peine

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Multi-parentage has arrived. In recent years, a growing number of courts and legislatures have recognized that a child may have more than two legal parents. A number of significant societal, medical, and legal developments have contributed to the trend toward multi-parentage recognition.  1, record 2, English, - multi%2Dparentage

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[...] établissement d'un lien de filiation entre un enfant et plus de deux parents [...]  1, record 2, French, - pluriparent%C3%A9

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A legal principle, of general application, sanctioned by the recognition of authorities, and usually expressed in the form of a maxim or logical proposition. Called a "rule", because in doubtful or unforeseen cases it is a guide or norm for their decision.  4, record 3, English, - rule%20of%20law

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

As opposed to the more abstract "rule of law" which subordinates everyone to the law.  5, record 3, English, - rule%20of%20law

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Norme juridiquement obligatoire [...], quels que soient sa source [...], son degré de généralité [...], sa portée [...]  3, record 3, French, - r%C3%A8gle%20de%20droit

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Regla o precepto que integra el Ordenamiento Jurídico, emanada de los órganos competentes del Estado o de una fuerza social (ej. la costumbre) y establecida con carácter general y coercitivo para regular la convivencia social.  2, record 3, Spanish, - norma%20jur%C3%ADdica

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Historically, different rationales were advanced to support and justify the "rule of spousal incompetency, "some of which have been overcome in the more modern era with the legal recognition of spouses as being two separate entities. However, two rationales have survived to this day.... The first justification for the rule is that it promotes conjugal confidences and protects marital harmony. The second is that the rule prevents "the indignity of conscripting an accused's spouse to participate in the accused's own prosecution. "  1, record 4, English, - spousal%20incompetency%20rule

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Au cours de l’histoire, différentes raisons ont été avancées pour appuyer et justifier la «règle de l’inhabilité du conjoint à témoigner», dont certaines ne tiennent plus depuis que le droit moderne a reconnu les conjoints comme des entités distinctes. Deux de ces justifications subsistent néanmoins aujourd’hui. [...] La première justification de cette règle est qu’elle favorise les confidences entre époux et protège l’harmonie conjugale. La seconde est qu’elle empêche «l’indignité d’avoir à forcer le conjoint d’une personne accusée à participer aux poursuites dirigées contre l’accusé».  1, record 4, French, - r%C3%A8gle%20de%20l%26rsquo%3Binhabilit%C3%A9%20du%20conjoint%20%C3%A0%20t%C3%A9moigner

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Legitimation by recognition. In some legal systems an illegitimate child may be legitimated by the father formally acknowledging the child as his own.  3, record 5, English, - legitimation%20by%20recognition

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

légitimation par reconnaissance : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation, Promotion de l'accès à la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 5, French, - l%C3%A9gitimation%20par%20reconnaissance

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The Canadian Association of Black Lawyers is a national network of law professionals and individuals committed to reinvesting in the community. CABL operates in recognition that current Black lawyers in Canada are the beneficiaries of those who came before them. Its objectives are to promote the interests of its membership, identify and address the needs and goals of Black legal professionals and law students, promote professional and academic excellence, provide mentorship and networking opportunities, and celebrate the achievements of Black legal professionals.  2, record 6, English, - Canadian%20Association%20of%20Black%20Lawyers

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

L'Association des avocats noirs du Canada est un réseau national de juristes et de personnes qui tiennent à contribuer à la communauté. L'AANC reconnaît que les avocats noirs qui exercent actuellement au Canada sont redevables à leurs prédécesseurs. Elle vise à promouvoir les intérêts de ses membres, à cerner les besoins et les objectifs des juristes et des étudiants en droit noirs, à promouvoir l'excellence professionnelle et dans les études, à fournir des occasions de mentorat et de réseautage, et à célébrer les réalisations des juristes noirs.  2, record 6, French, - L%27Association%20des%20avocats%20noirs%20du%20Canada

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Rather than foster full recognition of both English and French in Canadian society, the actions of the Department of Justice would result in diminished opportunities for their use. The breach of obligations under section 41 must also be seen in light of the principle of official language equality under section 16 of the Charter, as well as the recognition that governments in Canada should advance by way of legislative action the equality of status or use of French and English. The principle of equality of our official languages must have substantive effects in order to ensure its full implementation. This imposes a constitutional obligation on the federal government to take the initiative in creating a necessary institutional support to the use of either official language. This obligation is ignored by action that reduces the scope of language rights as they apply to the legal process under federal jurisdiction.  1, record 7, English, - by%20way%20of%20legislative%20action

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Plutôt que de favoriser la pleine reconnaissance de l'anglais et du français au sein de la société canadienne, les mesures prises par le ministère de la Justice résulteraient en un usage moins répandu des deux langues. Le manquement aux obligations prévues à l'article 41 doit également être examiné à la lumière du principe de l'égalité des langues officielles énoncé à l'article 16 de la Charte, ainsi que du principe reconnu selon lequel les ordres de gouvernement au Canada devraient promouvoir, par voie législative, l'égalité du statut ou de l'emploi du français et de l'anglais. Le principe de l'égalité de nos langues officielles doit avoir des effets réels afin qu'il puisse être pleinement mis en œuvre. Le gouvernement fédéral est ainsi tenu par la Constitution de prendre l'initiative pour créer le soutien institutionnel nécessaire à l'emploi de l'une ou l'autre des langues officielles. Les mesures qui restreignent la portée des droits linguistiques lors des procédures de compétence fédérale ne tiennent pas compte d'une telle obligation.  1, record 7, French, - par%20voie%20l%C3%A9gislative

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

There are two kinds of easement known to the law: positive easements, such as a right of way, which give the owner of land a right himself to do something on or to his neighbour’s land: and negative easements, such as a right of light, which gives him a right to stop his neighbour doing something on his (the neighbour’s) own land. ("Words and Phrases/England", 2nd ed., 1969, Vol. 2, p. 137).  1, record 8, English, - right%20of%20light

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The right to light is not a natural right of property but is a negative easement that has to be acquired. The right can only relate to apertures in buildings and can only be acquired by means that have a legal recognition. The right is an advantage to the dominant tenement and a burden to the servient tenement.(Anger and Honsberger, 2nd, p. 959)  1, record 8, English, - right%20of%20light

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

droit d'éclairement : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 8, French, - droit%20d%27%C3%A9clairement

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The acceptance as a valid credential [of a foreign certificate, diploma or degree of higher education] by the competent authorities in a Contracting State and the granting to its holder of rights enjoyed by persons who possess a national certificate, diploma or degree with which the foreign one is assessed as comparable.  2, record 9, English, - recognition%20of%20diplomas

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[This] recognition is further defined as follows :(a) Recognition of a certificate, diploma or degree with a view to undertaking or pursuing studies at the higher level shall enable the holder to be considered for entry to the higher educational and research institutions of any Contracting State as if he were the holder of a comparable certificate, diploma or degree issued in the Contracting State concerned. Such recognition does not exempt the holder of the foreign certificate, diploma or degree from complying with the conditions(other than those relating to the holding of a diploma) which may be required for admission to the higher educational or research institution concerned of the receiving State.(b) Recognition of a foreign certificate, diploma or degree with a view to the practice of a profession is recognition of the professional preparation of the holder for the practice of the profession concerned, without prejudice, however, to the legal and professional rules or procedures in force in the Contracting States concerned. Such recognition does not exempt the holder of the foreign certificate, diploma or degree from complying with any other conditions for the practice of the profession concerned which may be laid down by the competent governmental or professional authorities.  2, record 9, English, - recognition%20of%20diplomas

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La législation communautaire a prévu une reconnaissance automatique des diplômes par l'application de directives sectorielles pour quelques professions relevant essentiellement du domaine médical ou paramédical. Pour les autres professions réglementées, la Commission des Communautés européennes a adopté deux directives [...] instituant un système général de reconnaissance des diplômes. Celles-ci permettent à toute personne pleinement qualifiée d'obtenir la reconnaissance de ses qualifications professionnelles acquises dans son pays d'origine, aux fins d'exercer la profession réglementée dans un autre État membre. Ces deux directives n'établissent pas un régime de reconnaissance automatique des diplômes, le migrant pouvant être soumis à des "mesures compensatoires" en cas de différences substantielles constatées entre la formation qu'il a reçue et celle requise afin de pouvoir exercer dans le pays d'accueil. Il existe dans chaque État membre un nombre restreint de professions réglementées.  2, record 9, French, - reconnaissance%20des%20dipl%C3%B4mes

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Le Centre d'information canadien sur les diplômes internationaux a été mis sur pied en 1990 à la suite de la ratification par le Canada de la Convention de l'UNESCO [Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'éducation, la science et la culture] sur la reconnaissance des études et des diplômes relatifs à l'enseignement supérieur dans les États de la région de l'Europe, pour aider le Canada à s'acquitter de ses obligations aux termes de cette entente, qui vise à encourager une reconnaissance plus large des diplômes et qualifications professionnelles dans le but de favoriser la mobilité internationale.  3, record 9, French, - reconnaissance%20des%20dipl%C3%B4mes

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[...] Aceptación por las autoridades competentes de un Estado Contratante como válido [de un diploma, título o grado de educación superior obtenido en el extranjero] y el otorgamiento a los titulares de dichos diplomas, títulos o grados de los derechos de que gozan las personas titulares de un diploma, título o grado nacional con respecto al cual se considera comparable el diploma, título o grado extranjero.  2, record 9, Spanish, - reconocimiento%20de%20t%C3%ADtulos

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A este respecto, el reconocimiento se define [también] de la manera siguiente: a) El reconocimiento de un diploma, título o grado con miras a iniciar o continuar estudios de nivel superior permitirá que se tome en cuenta la candidatura del titular interesado para su admisión en las instituciones de educación superior y de investigación de cualquier Estado Contratante, como si fuera titular de un diploma, título o grado comparable otorgado en el Estado Contratante interesado. Tal reconocimiento no dispensa al titular del diploma, título o grado extranjero de cumplir las condiciones que (además de las relativas a la posesión del diploma), hayan podido prescribirse para la admisión en el centro de educación superior o de investigación de que se trate en el país de acogida. b) El reconocimiento de diploma, título o grado extranjeros para el ejercicio de la profesión de que se trate sin perjuicio de la aplicación de las disposiciones legales, normas y procedimientos vigentes en el Estado Contratante. Tal reconocimiento no dispensa al titular del diploma, título o grado extranjero de cumplir las demás condiciones que, para el ejercicio de la profesión de que se trate, hayan podido prescribir las autoridades gubernamentales o profesionales competentes.  2, record 9, Spanish, - reconocimiento%20de%20t%C3%ADtulos

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Despite efforts to obtain legal recognition, these small-scale miners are still working without official permits.  1, record 10, English, - small%20scale%20miner

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L’entreprise transforme du minerai en provenance de diverses mines des environs, tandis que l’extraction est effectuée par des mineurs artisanaux.  1, record 10, French, - mineur%20artisanal

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

In the Latin language, "according to fact", or "as the fact indicates". Also, something that actually exists in spite of the legal ramification(e. g., a new government of a state may be extended recognition by another government as the actual government in control of the state, but not necessarily as a legal one).  3, record 11, English, - de%20facto

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The term de facto may also be used when there is no relevant law or standard, but a common practice is well established, although perhaps not quite universal.  2, record 11, English, - de%20facto

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 2 OBS

de facto: terminology used by Citizenship and Immigration Canada  4, record 11, English, - de%20facto

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Locution latine signifiant «de fait« ou «en fait» (et non de droit). Se dit d'une situation qui existe sans fondement juridique ou d'une autorité qui est établie sans base légale.  2, record 11, French, - de%20fait

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

de fait : terminologie employée par Citoyenneté et Immigration Canada.  4, record 11, French, - de%20fait

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

In recognition of the need for overall functional direction over legal agents, a National Agent Affairs Program was established in 1996. In support of the reasonable demands of effectiveness, efficiency and economy, the ultimate goal of the Program is to provide the Department with a framework to strengthen its ability to administer and manage legal agent activities in such a way as to ensure the provision of quality legal service while containing the associated costs.  1, record 12, English, - National%20Agent%20Affairs%20Program

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Par suite de la reconnaissance du besoin d'assurer une orientation fonctionnelle générale aux mandataires, un programme national des mandataires a été mis sur pied en 1996. Pour répondre aux demandes raisonnables visant l'obtention de services juridiques efficaces, efficients et économiques, le but ultime du Programme est de fournir au Ministère un cadre qui lui permet de renforcer sa capacité d'administrer et de gérer les activités juridiques des mandataires de manière à assurer la prestation de services juridiques de qualité et à endiguer les coûts connexes.  1, record 12, French, - Programme%20national%20des%20mandataires

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The Canadian College of Microbiologists(CCM) is a professional association for Microbiologists across Canada. The College was incorporated in 1978 under the Canada Corporations Act and has a mandate to : gain recognition of microbiology as a distinctive scientific profession and to provide an association through which professional microbiologists may develop programs and activities to promote their professional development and status; provide a designation, by which they are recognized to work with microorganisms with competence, dependability and safety; and operate with legal and professional status as a non-profit organization.  2, record 13, English, - Canadian%20College%20of%20Microbiologists

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Mission of the Saskatchewan Professional Photographers Association : provide unity through education and fellowship; represent the provincial photographic profession when dealing with legal matters, government agencies, or legislation; recognize imaging excellence through print show competitions, presentations of merits, awards, and professional recognition; to publish a professional online magazine in order to provide international communication to its members.  1, record 14, English, - Saskatchewan%20Professional%20Photographers%20Association

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The sources of international law. There is innate in man a consciousness of right and wrong, regulating his behaviour towards his fellows, the recognition of the requirement to "co-exist" with them on a reasonable footing. Human society, on the other hand, cannot function without a certain number of binding rules of conduct which must be such as to enable it to avoid bellum omnium contra omnes. These factors are the underlying causes of the birth of law in any human community. The accent may be laid on one or other of these fundamental elements, but the two are always present. These are the "sources" of the law in their philosophical, psychological, sociological connotation, the "material" sources.... The concrete ways and means, the "formal" sources of the law, differ from community to community : they are not the same in secular as in ecclesiastical communities, nor in national as in international society. These "formal" sources,... necessarily reflect the nature and structure of the community concerned : they appear as custom, legislation, bye-laws, national case law, papal bulls, treaties, resolutions of international bodies, etc., as the case may be. There is still a third sense in which the expression "sources" is used in respect of law; in this sense the metaphor does not refer to the basic or to the "formal" origins of legal rules, but to the documents and writings in which they can be found, just as in another field historians work with their "sources". These are not, of course, genuine sources of the law.  2, record 15, English, - sources%20of%20international%20law

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Ces sources englobent les sources matérielles (ensemble des éléments auxquels se rattache la formation des règles du droit international, c'est-à-dire les sources du droit des gens, la conscience juridique commune, les principes et les faits qui expliquent l'origine profonde de l'apparition des règles juridiques) et les sources formelles (qui extériorisent, qui expriment les règles de droit), c'est-à-dire les quatre catégories de sources que la CIJ [Cour internationale de Justice] utilise pour déterminer le droit applicable aux différends dont elle est saisie.  1, record 15, French, - sources%20du%20droit%20international

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Reproduit de la Liste provisoire de termes juridiques se rapportant aux travaux de la Commission du droit international avec l'autorisation de l'Office des Nations Unies à Genève.  2, record 15, French, - sources%20du%20droit%20international

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The consultation process was launched with a "Consultation Paper on Licensing of Trusted Third Parties for the Provision of Encryption Services" issued by the Department of Trade and Industry(DTI) on 19 March 1997. The Consultation paper covered aspects of cryptography related to the licensing of TTPs, their use for confidentiality purposes, lawful access for confidentiality, legal recognition of digital signatures and international issues.  1, record 16, English, - lawful%20access%20for%20confidentiality

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Ce processus de consultation a été lancé par un "Consultation Paper on Licensing of Trusted Third Parties for the Provision of Encryption Services" [document de consultation sur l'agrément de tiers de confiance pour la fourniture de services de chiffrement] publié par le DTI le 19 mars 1997. Ce document de consultation couvre les aspects de la cryptographie concernant l'agrément des tiers de confiance, leur utilisation à des fins de confidentialité, l'accès légal en relation avec la confidentialité, la reconnaissance légale des signatures numériques et les aspects internationaux.  1, record 16, French, - acc%C3%A8s%20l%C3%A9gal%20en%20relation%20avec%20la%20confidentialit%C3%A9

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Signed by 6 original member States of the EEC [European Economic Community]; 29 February 1968.  1, record 18, English, - Convention%20on%20Mutual%20Recognition%20of%20Companies%20and%20Legal%20Entities

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Source(s) : Lexique Justice.  1, record 19, French, - Convention%20sur%20la%20reconnaissance%20des%20divorces%20et%20des%20s%C3%A9parations%20de%20corps

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 20,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 OBS

1986.  1, record 20, English, - European%20Convention%20on%20the%20Recognition%20of%20the%20Legal%20Personality%20of%20International%20Non%2Dgovernmental%20Organisations

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 OBS

du Conseil de l'Europe.  1, record 20, French, - Convention%20europ%C3%A9enne%20sur%20la%20reconnaissance%20de%20la%20personnalit%C3%A9%20juridique%20des%20organisations%20internationales%20non%20gouvernementales

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 21,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

There is no difficulty,..., where the new State is a former dependency of trust territory, and the parent or tutelary State, itself already de jure recognised, has consented to emancipation. Recognition can be accorded automatically, and is essentially then a legal act of a cognitive nature. This is indeed what happened in the case of the recognition of the large number of African and Asian States, which have emerged since the end of Second World War.  1, record 21, English, - tutelary%20State

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 2 CONT

... on a basis of consent, acquiescence or recognition, ... administering Powers are entitled to exercise international protection over the inhabitants of ... trust territories, although these do not form part of their own dominions.  2, record 21, English, - tutelary%20State

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Puissance tutélaire, chargée d'un territoire sous tutelle.  1, record 21, French, - puissance%20tut%C3%A9laire

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Sous des modalités variées relatives tant à l'exercice qu'au contenu de ses compétences, l'État chargé de la Tutelle, appelée l'État administrant, reçoit [...] un pouvoir territorial limité dans ses caractères de plénitude et d'exclusivité.  3, record 21, French, - puissance%20tut%C3%A9laire

Record 21,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 22,  Textual support,  French

Record 22,  Textual support,  Spanish