TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The breakdown of contaminants in the soil through microbial activity that is enhanced by the presence of the rhizosphere [root zone].  3, record 1, English, - rhizodegradation

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Rhizodegradation ... is a much slower process than phytodegradation. Microorganisms (yeast, fungi, or bacteria) consume and digest organic substances for nutrition and energy. Certain microorganisms can digest organic substances such as fuels or solvents that are hazardous to humans and break them down into harmless products through biodegradation. Natural substances released by the plant roots -sugars, alcohols, and acids- contain organic carbon that provides food for soil microorganisms, and the additional nutrients enhance their activity.  3, record 1, English, - rhizodegradation

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Dégradation des polluants par les racines (processus internes) et par l'activité microbienne associée (processus externes).  4, record 1, French, - rhizod%C3%A9gradation

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[...] les plantes stimulent la croissance de micro-organismes aux alentours de leurs racines (zone appelée rhizosphère) par la sécrétion de substances naturelles.  3, record 1, French, - rhizod%C3%A9gradation

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Microbial succession. During composting, there is a succession of microbial species; the environment created by, or the byproducts of, one species invites the activity of another species.  1, record 2, English, - microbial%20succession

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Succession microbienne. Pendant le compostage, on observe une succession d'espèces microbiennes; l'environnement créé par une espèce, ou les sous-produits d'une espèce, appelle l'activité d'une autre espèce.  1, record 2, French, - succession%20microbienne

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The observations of system attributes or [the] survey of the microbial system.  1, record 3, English, - microbial%20functional%20test

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[Microbial function tests] include : determination of biomass, estimate of number of culturable individuals, and community composition or activity.  1, record 3, English, - microbial%20functional%20test

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Observation des attributs d'un système ou étude d'un système microbien.  1, record 3, French, - essai%20sur%20la%20fonction%20microbienne

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Un tel essai comporte la détermination de la biomasse microbienne, une estimation du nombre d'individus cultivables et la caractérisation de la composition ou de l'activité d'une communauté microbienne.  1, record 3, French, - essai%20sur%20la%20fonction%20microbienne

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Fouling causes a loss in the activity of immobilized biocatalysts. This is due to the deposition of solid or colloidal materials(originally suspended in the substrate, around, or in, the pores of the support) preventing access of substrate to the enzyme.... Physical fouling by insoluble debris, fats, microbial activity or synthetic side reactions of the enzymes producing ’polymers’ can be particular problems with porous supports. This is because the availability of the enzyme can be quickly reduced by even limited blockage of the pore structure.  2, record 4, English, - fouling

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Formation de dépôts solides sur un élément.  2, record 4, French, - encrassement

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Par exemple, à la surface des membranes utilisées dans les procédés de filtration (ultrafiltration, osmose inverse...), gênant l'écoulement des fluides.  2, record 4, French, - encrassement

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The soil immediately surrounding the root system of a plant.  4, record 5, English, - rhizosphere

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The soil-plant system is one of the most important components in agricultural and natural ecosystems. Nutrient dynamics in soil-plant systems not only reflect the pattern of nutrient flow but also influence food production and quality, and the contaminant pathways in agricultural and natural ecosystems. In soil-plant systems, interaction between nutrients occur when the supply of one nutrient affects the movement, absorption, or utilization of an nutrient within the soil, soil-root interface (rhizosphere), or plant. There are several mechanisms of nutrient interaction in soil-plany systems.  3, record 5, English, - rhizosphere

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The zone of rooting medium in which the environment for microbial activity in general is influenced by any root growing in it, distinguishing it from the "bulk" or "non-rhizosphere" soil, which is influenced by growing roots only by the withdrawal of water and nutrients.  5, record 5, English, - rhizosphere

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Partie du sol pénétrée par les racines des plantes, très riche en micro-organismes et en substances biologiques.  4, record 5, French, - rhizosph%C3%A8re

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'horizon du sol dans lequel se développent les racines des plantes est la zone racinaire.  2, record 5, French, - rhizosph%C3%A8re

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Étude structurale et fonctionnelle de la rhizosphère : description du système racinaire et de l'interface sol-racine, mécanismes physicochimiques et biophysiques impliqués, interactions microorganismes-racines.  3, record 5, French, - rhizosph%C3%A8re

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La rhizosphère de chaque espèce végétale a une flore spécifique (bactéries, champignons).  4, record 5, French, - rhizosph%C3%A8re

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Parte del suelo ocupada por raíces.  2, record 5, Spanish, - rizosfera

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Biopiles, also known as biocells, bioheaps [and] biomounds... are used to reduce concentrations of petroleum constituents in excavated soils through the use of biodegradation. This technology involves heaping contaminated soils into piles(or "cells") and stimulating aerobic microbial activity within the soils through the aeration and/or addition of minerals, nutrients, and moisture. The enhanced microbial activity results in degradation of adsorbed petroleum-product constituents through microbial respiration.  2, record 6, English, - biopile

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Andain de terre ou de déchet réalisé après excavation et criblage.  3, record 6, French, - biotertre

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Un biotertre peut être équipé par des drains d'aération ou encore être arrosé par une solution nutritive afin d'optimiser les conditions de croissance et de fonctionnement des microorganismes.  3, record 6, French, - biotertre

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Reaction that takes place simultaneously with the reaction of primary interest.  2, record 7, English, - side%20reaction

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Spores of Aspergillus oryzae were immobilized by using CM-cellulose, P-cellulose, DEAE-cellulose or ECTEOLA-cellulose, and the invertase activity of the immobilized spore column was measured. The reaction rate decreased somewhat when the column length increased above a certain range. It may be considered that the reaction product is subsequently decomposed by other contaminating enzymes in the column. Thus in the case of immobilized microbial cells, it is necessary to consider side reactions catalyzed by other enzymes existing in the system.  3, record 7, English, - side%20reaction

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Réaction à côté de la réaction primaire qui a lieu simultanément avec cette dernière.  3, record 7, French, - r%C3%A9action%20secondaire

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'immobilisation des cellules entières paraît [...] avantageuse puisque le microorganisme devient lui-même un catalyseur capable d'opérer directement plusieurs étapes d'une voie fermentaire. Certaines conditions doivent être satisfaites : en premier lieu, substrats et produits de réaction doivent pouvoir transiter aisément à travers la membrane cellulaire. Le microorganisme ne doit pas contenir d'enzymes responsables de réactions parasites indésirables, ou celles-ci doivent pouvoir être facilement inactivées dans les conditions opératoires retenues. Enfin, les cellules ne doivent secréter aucune substance toxique pour l'organisme animal ou humain.  4, record 7, French, - r%C3%A9action%20secondaire

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Textiles can be endowed with antibacterial activity in a variety of ways. Soil-repellent fluoropolymers have hydrophobic properties which reduce soiling on textiles and, secondarily, microbial growth. Small molecules such as silver, zinc, copper and quarternary ammonium compounds show antibacterial activity. Silver-coated dressings have been used in wound care... Antibacterial gaents may be added to synthetic fibers in the spinning process, but they can also be fixated to supramolecular compounds on the textile surface. Cyclodextrins are ring-like carbohydrates which form complexes with ’guest’ substances. They can be used as transdermal collector systems in toxicology monitoring, but also to diminish bacterial contamination at sweat-prone sites(so-called odor-controlling textiles) or as antibacterial textiles.  1, record 8, English, - antibacterial%20textile

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[Textile] obtenu par dépôt, apprêtage ou greffage d'un agent antibactérien dans le polymère.  2, record 8, French, - textile%20antibact%C3%A9rien

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Un textile antibactérien permanent. Le Bactenet [...] (France) tue les bactéries qui viennent en contact avec lui car il est fabriqué à partir d'une fibre par elle-même antibactérienne. En effet, grâce à l'incorporation, de manière indissociable, dans les fibres qui le composent d'un bactéricide inorganique de synthèse mélangé à de microscopiques particules métalliques, il se dégage sous l'effet de l'humidité de l'oxygène actif qui détruit les germes et les champignons infectieux. L'effet bactéricide autodésinfectant est permanent [...] C'est l'eau, ou l'humidité de l'air qui déclenche un effet de catalyse dégageant de l'oxygène actif.  3, record 8, French, - textile%20antibact%C3%A9rien

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The pile [of compost] reaches the highest temperature, between 55 to 60 degrees Celsius, when the degree of microbial activity is greatest. The temperature of the pile will rise quickly as this is the most active stage of microbial activity, which is referred to as the thermophilic stage.  9, record 9, English, - thermophilic%20phase

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The time required for the active phase will depend on the materials, ambient air temperatures, and the composting method.  3, record 9, English, - thermophilic%20phase

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

... decomposition is done by aerobic, thermophilic, organisms including bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi and protozoa.  3, record 9, English, - thermophilic%20phase

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

En conditions optimales, le compostage se déroule en trois phases. [...] Dans la phase dite thermophile à 45-60° C (appelée également fermentation active), les micro-organismes décomposent les sucres solubles, les acides organiques et les amidons puis s'attaquent progressivement aux matières plus difficiles à dégrader telles que la cellulose et la lignine.  2, record 9, French, - phase%20thermophile

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La décomposition est [...] assurée par des organismes thermophiles, aérobies, dont des bactéries, des actinomycètes, des champignons et des protozoaires.  3, record 9, French, - phase%20thermophile

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

While carbonation has been used in soda for more than a century, the process has not been applied to milk because the microbial activity of low amounts was unknown and because the carbonation would dissipate in milk cartons. Further, the method for inserting the carbonation was not efficient. Thanks to advanced packaging technologies and more efficient carbonation processes, a new style of fortified milk now is possible.... The amount of carbonation injected into the milk is below the threshold of taste detection... but it is enough to stave off harmful bacteria...  2, record 10, English, - carbonated%20milk

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Carbonic acid or CO₂ is added to milk.  3, record 10, English, - carbonated%20milk

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[Se caractérise par la] capacité à développer un pétillement lors de [sa] consommation.  1, record 10, French, - lait%20carbonat%C3%A9

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Sub-samples were taken to measure grain-size distribution, total organic carbon, various indices of microbial enzymatic activity, and bacterial abundance.  2, record 11, English, - sub%2Dsample

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Des sous-échantillons ont été prélevés pour mesurer la granulométrie, le carbone organique total, divers indices de l'activité enzymatique microbienne et l'abondance bactérienne.  2, record 11, French, - sous%2D%C3%A9chantillon

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The removal of enzymes from contaminating materials in order to increase their specific activity. Techniques fall into two groups : those used to separate enzymes from solid substrate culture; those used to release enzymes from the interior of microbial cells. Where enzymes produced in solid fermentation are of the extracellular type, they may be removed by countercurrent washing. If enzymes are intracellular, the cells must be broken using chemical or biochemical methods.  1, record 12, English, - enzyme%20extraction

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Enzyme extraction/cell disruption [methods include:] Physical methods: (a) Solid shear, (b) agitation with abrasives, (c) liquid shear, (d) freeze-thawing. Chemical methods: (e) detergents, (f) enzyme treatment, (g) osmotic shock, (h) alkali treatment.  3, record 12, English, - enzyme%20extraction

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'extraction d'une enzyme contenue dans un tissu ou dans des cellules bactériennes commence par la destruction de l'organisation cellulaire par broyage, ultrasons, lyse des parois, par exemple. Les débris cellulaires sont séparés par centrifugation; le matériel soluble est recueilli et dialysé pour éliminer les petites molécules. Diverses méthodes sont ensuite utilisées.  2, record 12, French, - extraction

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Sub-samples were taken to measure grain-size distribution, total organic carbon, various indices of microbial enzymatic activity, and bacterial abundance.  1, record 13, English, - microbial%20enzymatic%20activity

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Des sous-échantillons ont été prélevés pour mesurer la granulométrie, le carbone organique total, divers indices de l'activité enzymatique microbienne et l'abondance bactérienne.  1, record 13, French, - activit%C3%A9%20enzymatique%20microbienne

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Since soil microbial activity is often related to levels of SOM [soil organic matter], higher activity might be expected where management practices increase SOM.  1, record 14, English, - soil%20microbial%20activity

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Saturation du sol et activité microbienne du sol. En milieu saturé les activités microbiennes normalement aérobies sont considérablement freinées. C'est le cas de la nitrification par exemple.  1, record 14, French, - activit%C3%A9%20microbienne%20du%20sol

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The CNPF is focused on several innovative nonthermal methods of food preservation, and continuously is incorporating additional techniques to minimally process foods. Combined methods, known as the combination of preservation factors to control microbial growth in foods, is another area of special relevance at the Center due to demonstrated efficiency at combining conventional hurdles such as pH and water activity with various emerging nonthermal techniques.  2, record 15, English, - nonthermal%20processing

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

A technology used in preserving food.  3, record 15, English, - nonthermal%20processing

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les chercheurs du CRAP ont évalué des jus de pommes de longue conservation, préparé au moyen d'un nouveau procédé non thermique, soit la filtration sur membrane.  1, record 15, French, - proc%C3%A9d%C3%A9%20non%20thermique

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[A] reactor in which no dissolved oxygen or nitrate is present and microbial activity is due to anaerobic bacteria.  2, record 16, English, - anaerobic%20reactor

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A l'aide d'une installation pilote mobile comportant trois réacteurs anaérobie (...) commandés par un microprocesseur, on a pu démontrer la possibilité d'un traitement anaérobie des eaux usées d'une usine de conditionnement des viandes et des eaux usées résultant de la transformation des aliments (...)  1, record 16, French, - r%C3%A9acteur%20ana%C3%A9robie

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[La fermentation peut s'effectuer] avec des cultures microbiennes en présence ou absence d'oxygène, c'est-à-dire en aérobiose ou en anaérobiose.  3, record 16, French, - r%C3%A9acteur%20ana%C3%A9robie

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The activities of microorganisms resulting in chemical or physical changes.  2, record 17, English, - microbial%20activity

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Ensemble des changements biochimiques résultant du métabolisme des organismes vivants.  1, record 17, French, - activit%C3%A9%20microbienne

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

ripening : Chemical, biological, and physical changes in organic soil after air penetrates the organic deposit, making it possible for microbial activity to flourish.  2, record 18, English, - ripen

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

(...) mûrir la terre, c'est exposer au soleil, par un labour profond, le sous-sol qui est ainsi aéré et livré à l'action fertilisante du soleil et des bactéries.  1, record 18, French, - m%C3%BBrir

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish