TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

In the moderate stage, it is anticipated that there may be modest water shortages in all or parts of the basin, where some demands for human, agriculture, industrial, and ecosystem needs may not be fully met.  2, record 1, English, - moderate%20drought

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

... a soil/duff drought index [developed by Keetch and Byram (1968]) that ranges from 0 (no drought) to 800 (extreme drought) and is based on soil capacity of 8 inches of water. Factors in the index are maximum daily temperature, daily precipitation, antecedent precipitation, and annual precipitation.  4, record 2, English, - Keetch%2DByram%20drought%20index

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The Keetch Byram Drought Index(KBDI) provides a daily measure of soil dryness, which, in turn, gives an indication of water stress in plants. The KBDI represents the net effect of precipitation and evapotranspiration in producing cumulative moisture deficiency in deep duff or upper soil layers. The KBDI has a range from 0(no drought or soil moisture deficiency, i. e. soil at field capacity) to 2000(extreme drought, maximum soil moisture deficiency possible). The index can be viewed as the amount of rain needed to bring the soil back to saturation, with one mm of rain reducing the index by 10 points. The 0-2000 point scale is divided into three drought classes : 0-999=Low; 1000-1499=Moderate; 1500-2000=High. The KBDI is simple to calculate as it uses only two, daily weather observations-maximum temperature and 24-hour rainfall. The system functions in a book-keeping fashion where estimates of daily evapo-transpiration and measurements of precipitation increase or decrease the value of yesterdays index. The KBDI by itself is not a Fire Danger Rating System as it gives no indicate of the ease of ignition of the vegetation, or of the rate of fire spread, fire intensity and difficulty of control. It does however serve as a useful measure of drought occurrence.  7, record 2, English, - Keetch%2DByram%20drought%20index

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Keetch-Byram Drought Index (KBDI): ... 0 - 200: Soil moisture and large class fuel moistures are high and do not contribute much to fire intensity. Typical of spring dormant season following winter precipitation. 200 - 400: Typical of late spring, early growing season. Lower litter and duff layers are drying and beginning to contribute to fire intensity. 400 - 600: Typical of late summer, early fall. Lower litter and duff layers actively contribute to fire intensity and will burn actively. 600 - 800: Often associated with more severe drought with increased wildfire occurrence. Intense, deep burning fires with significant downwind spotting can be expected. Live fuels can also be expected to burn actively at these levels.  9, record 2, English, - Keetch%2DByram%20drought%20index

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 3 CONT

... the Palmer Drought Index (PDI) and the Keetch-Byram Drought Index (KBDI) ... were [both] developed by John Keetch and George Byram, and originally were developed as aids for agriculture. The ... KBDI is used extensively in the eastern states and also in some parts of the west.  10, record 2, English, - Keetch%2DByram%20drought%20index

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

In the metric system the value of the index is usually assumed to range from 0 to 200 mm (even though 800 points actually corresponds to 204 mm).  3, record 2, English, - Keetch%2DByram%20drought%20index

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Keetch-Byram Drought Index [is] a commonly-used drought index adapted for fire management applications ...  11, record 2, English, - Keetch%2DByram%20drought%20index

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 3 OBS

"Duff" is ... an important term in the fire weather program of the US Forest Service, used to describe the partially decayed organic matter on the forest floor which can become highly combustible during drought periods and contribute to the longevity and spread of forest fires. ... the Keetch-Byram Drought Index is sometimes referred to as the soil/duff drought index because it is a measure of how dry the soil and duff layers are.  6, record 2, English, - Keetch%2DByram%20drought%20index

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

On écrirait mieux «sècheresse».  2, record 2, French, - indice%20de%20s%C3%A9cheresse%20Keetch%2DByram

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 OBS

sècheresse : Cette graphie, puisée des Rectifications de l'orthographe recommandées par le Conseil supérieur de la langue française, est attestée dans le Petit Robert (2006).  3, record 2, French, - indice%20de%20s%C3%A9cheresse%20Keetch%2DByram

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An index used to gage the severity of drought conditions by using a water balance equation to track water supply and demand.  7, record 3, English, - Palmer%20drought%20severity%20index

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The Palmer Index was developed by Wayne Palmer in the 1960s and uses temperature and rainfall information in a formula to determine dryness. It has become the semi-official drought index. The Palmer Index is most effective in determining long term drought-a matter of several months-and is not as good with short-term forecasts(a matter of weeks). It uses a 0 as normal, and drought is shown in terms of minus numbers; for example, minus 2 is moderate drought, minus 3 is severe drought, and minus 4 is extreme drought.... The Palmer Index can also reflect excess rain using a corresponding level reflected by plus figures; i. e., 0 is normal, plus 2 is moderate rainfall, etc.  8, record 3, English, - Palmer%20drought%20severity%20index

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) ... compares the actual amount of precipitation received in an area during a specified period with the normal or average amount expected during that same period. It was developed to measure lack of moisture over a relatively long period of time and is based on the supply and demand concept of a water balance equation. Included in the equation are amount of evaporation, soil recharge, and runoff and temperature and precipitation data.  9, record 3, English, - Palmer%20drought%20severity%20index

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 3 CONT

PALMER DROUGHT INDEX [is] a long-term meteorological drought severity index produced by the NOAA/USDA (Department of Agriculture) Joint Agricultural Weather Facility [that] depicts prolonged times, as in months or years, of abnormal dryness or wetness [over large regions]. It responds slowly, changing little from week to week, and reflects long-term moisture runoff, recharge, and deep percolation, as well as evapotranspiration.  10, record 3, English, - Palmer%20drought%20severity%20index

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 4 CONT

Literature describing the suite of indices for measuring drought that are collectively known as "PDI"; including the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI), Palmer Hydrologic Drought Index (PHDI) ...  5, record 3, English, - Palmer%20drought%20severity%20index

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The Palmer Index has long been used by the agriculture community to anticipate the potential effects of weather on crop development and yield.  11, record 3, English, - Palmer%20drought%20severity%20index

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Palmer Drought Index [is] published periodically by the Joint Agricultural Weather Facility.  11, record 3, English, - Palmer%20drought%20severity%20index

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 3 OBS

... this [PDSI] index is calculated weekly by the National Weather Service [(United States)].  7, record 3, English, - Palmer%20drought%20severity%20index

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Il est donc évident que les États-Unis reçoivent plus de pluies, plutôt que l'inverse. Cela peut se vérifier en examinant les indices hydrologiques, tels que l'indice Palmer de gravité de sécheresse qui mesure à la fois les sécheresses et les précipitations extrêmes.  5, record 3, French, - indice%20de%20s%C3%A9v%C3%A9rit%C3%A9%20de%20s%C3%A9cheresse%20de%20Palmer

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 2 CONT

De nombreux indices de sécheresse ont été élaborés pour tenter de combiner les divers paramètres influant sur les sécheresses en un chiffre unique. À titre d'exemple, citons l'indice de précipitation cumulative, fondé sur un paramètre unique, celui des précipitations, et l'indice Palmer de gravité de sécheresse, plus complexe, basé sur une analyse en profondeur du bilan des eaux superficielles et une comparaison entre les valeurs réelles et les valeurs possibles compte tenu du climat.  6, record 3, French, - indice%20de%20s%C3%A9v%C3%A9rit%C3%A9%20de%20s%C3%A9cheresse%20de%20Palmer

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

On écrirait mieux «sècheresse».  7, record 3, French, - indice%20de%20s%C3%A9v%C3%A9rit%C3%A9%20de%20s%C3%A9cheresse%20de%20Palmer

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 2 OBS

sècheresse : Cette graphie, puisée des Rectifications de l'orthographe recommandées par le Conseil supérieur de la langue française, est attestée dans le Petit Robert (2006).  8, record 3, French, - indice%20de%20s%C3%A9v%C3%A9rit%C3%A9%20de%20s%C3%A9cheresse%20de%20Palmer

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish