TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... data on rainfall and other meteorological parameters are available at a large number of stations and over long periods, soil moisture data are relatively sparse. Hence, to derive soil moisture from rainfall variations on the daily scale, a simple water-balance model is used.  1, record 1, English, - daily%20scale

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'analyse des régimes pluviométriques à des échelles mensuelles et décadaires décrit le type de régime pluviométrique et confirme le caractère erratique des précipitations sans toutefois permettre de situer la contrainte par rapport aux différents stades morphophysiologiques de la plante. L'échelle journalière semble être plus appropriée pour une analyse prenant en compte conjointement l'intensité de la contrainte et la réponse de la plante.  2, record 1, French, - %C3%A9chelle%20journali%C3%A8re

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

El coeficiente de irregularidad temporal alcanzó valores de 18,3 %; 52,9 % y 30,7 % para las precipitaciones a escala diaria, mensual y anual respectivamente.  1, record 1, Spanish, - escala%20diaria

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... heat pump dryers use a closed-loop system that recirculates air through the drum. After condensing moisture out of the air, the warm air is reheated to continue the drying process without being vented.  2, record 2, English, - heat%2Dpump%20dryer

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Une sécheuse à pompe à chaleur, c'est la combinaison d'une sécheuse traditionnelle et d'un déshumidificateur [...] Plutôt que d'envoyer le flux de chaleur humide dehors, elle l'envoie dans un déshumidificateur, et l'air qui en sort − redevenu chaud et sec − est renvoyé dans l'habitacle de la sécheuse, dans une boucle sans fin.  2, record 2, French, - s%C3%A9cheuse%20%C3%A0%20pompe%20%C3%A0%20chaleur

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Direct seeding is a low-tillage practice in which seeds are planted directly into an uncultivated field. The process allows residue from the previous crop to remain intact over the winter and fallow period, which helps retain additional moisture and improves soil health.  2, record 3, English, - low%2Dtillage%20practice

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La culture sur billon consiste à semer la culture sur des rangs buttés et à laisser les résidus de culture au sol à l’automne pour éviter l’érosion. C’est une pratique de travail réduit du sol beaucoup moins répandue et plus difficile à mettre en place que le semis direct. Elle est utilisée notamment en production biologique pour éviter le recours aux herbicides.  1, record 3, French, - pratique%20de%20travail%20r%C3%A9duit%20du%20sol

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A drying system utilizing a heat pump for removing moisture from the product.  1, record 4, English, - heat%20pump%20dryer

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Clean-tillage involves inverting the soil so that most of the residue is buried. Moldboard plowing followed by preplant disking is a common clean-till procedure. Because crop residue is mostly buried, the soil surface is exposed to wind and rain, increasing the potential for erosion and a loss of soil moisture. Of the tillage systems discussed, clean-tillage carries the greatest wind and water erosion risks. Clean-tillage is not considered a conservation tillage system.  2, record 5, English, - clean%20cultivation

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Clean cultivation is common in grape culture and signs of surface erosion are prevalent in all vineyard fields. The effects of erosion are somewhat less severe on the soil areas above the escarpment since the slopes are shorter and less abrupt than on the bench sites.  3, record 5, English, - clean%20cultivation

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

On parvient à réduire, mais non pas à éliminer l'érosion éolienne, parce que la culture propre (clean cultivation) est essentielle pour l'olivier dans ce milieu. En effet la couverture du sol par les herbes et leurs chaumes, est le meilleur moyen pour empêcher le déplacement du sable par le vent.  1, record 5, French, - culture%20propre

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] labranza limpia [...] Este sistema involucra acciones de inversión, mezcla y aflojamiento del suelo, y puede incorporar en algunos casos más del 90 % de los residuos vegetales superficiales.  2, record 5, Spanish, - cultivo%20limpio

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A tool used to loosen compost, which enhances the flow of air and moisture.  2, record 6, English, - compost%20aerator

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'aérateur de compost est un accessoire indispensable pour un bon compost. En utilisant ce mélangeur de compost, vous oxygénez les différentes couches du compost et ainsi accélérez le processus de fermentation.  2, record 6, French, - a%C3%A9rateur%20de%20compost

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In a twin-screw extruder, mechanical shear forces, heat, and pressure cause considerable changes in the molecular structures of the dairy proteins, a process known as texturization. These changes further impart unique functional properties to dairy proteins, resulting in new protein-based food ingredients. The new functional behavior depends on the extent of texturization and the degree of structural change imparted and is controlled by adjusting parameters such as extrusion temperature and moisture level.  4, record 7, English, - texturization

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Opération qui consiste en des modifications physico-chimiques de la matière première de manière à la structurer lors du passage à travers d'une filière ou à sa sortie et à lui conférer des propriétés en rapport avec les critères d'évaluation sensorielle.  3, record 7, French, - texturation

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La texturation permet de valoriser certains produits de l'industrie agroalimentaire (protéines végétales, poissons, sous-produits des laiteries, des abattoirs, etc.) en leur conférant une texture proche de celle des aliments naturels (viande, chair du crabe, par exemple). La texturation comporte trois étapes. Les molécules de protéines, qui se présentent sous forme de pelotes, sont d'abord déroulées, puis orientées parallèlement les unes aux autres. Enfin, l'ensemble est consolidé par création de liaisons entre les molécules.  4, record 7, French, - texturation

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Técnica que permite dotar los alimentos de una consistencia adecuada y segura para su ingesta.  1, record 7, Spanish, - texturizaci%C3%B3n

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In dry milling of wheat, barley, rye, oats, and maize, it is necessary to raise the grain moisture content from that appropriate for safe storage to a higher value that improves the milling performance of the grain.  2, record 8, English, - milling%20performance

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le rendement à la mouture de la totalité du grain est le rapport entre les grains demeurés intacts et les grains brisés après mouture et séparation.  3, record 8, French, - rendement%20%C3%A0%20la%20mouture

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Las descascaradoras Omas han sido instaladas donde la vitrosidad del trigo influenciaba de manera significativa el acondicionamiento, con consiguiente disminución en el rendimiento de la molienda durante todo el proceso.  1, record 8, Spanish, - rendimiento%20de%20la%20molienda

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

When the curds have reached the appropriate moisture levels for the desired cheese, it's time to drain off the whey and put the curds into moulds(called hooping) to form them into the cheese shape you want.  3, record 9, English, - hooping

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le moulage. Après l'étape du caillage, on obtient ce que l'on appelle le caillé. Il est placé dans différents moules selon la forme du fromage souhaité.  3, record 9, French, - moulage

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

El moldeado consiste en la introducción de la cuajada libre de suero en moldes, cuya forma y tamaño varía en función del tipo de queso de que se trate.  1, record 9, Spanish, - moldeado

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The sum of biological reactions to any adverse stimuli[,] physical, internal or external[,] that disturb the organism’s optimum operating status and may reduce its chances of survival.  2, record 10, English, - stress

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 PHR

heat stress, moisture stress, oxidative stress  3, record 10, English, - stress

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 2 PHR

environmental stress  4, record 10, English, - stress

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Somme des réactions biologiques à tous mauvais stimuli[,] physiques, internes ou externes[,] qui perturbent le mode opératoire optimum de l'organisme suffisamment que pour réduire ses chances de survie.  2, record 10, French, - stress

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[...] conjunto de reacciones biológicas a cualquier estímulo adverso[,] físico, interno o externo[,] que altera las condiciones óptimas de funcionamiento del organismo y puede reducir sus posibilidades de sobrevivencia.  2, record 10, Spanish, - estr%C3%A9s

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

estrés: La Fundación del Español Urgente (Fundéu BBVA), con el asesoramiento de la Real Academia Española, indica que el término "stress", [...] es un anglicismo evitable, ya que en su lugar puede emplearse la adaptación gráfica "estrés", de la que derivan, a su vez, el verbo "estresar(se)" [...] y el adjetivo "estresante", tal como indica el Diccionario panhispánico de dudas.  3, record 10, Spanish, - estr%C3%A9s

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[A] material used to assist filtration of colloids, extra fine particles, gel like, and highly compactible materials, which is difficult to be filtered due to low filtrate rate, unacceptable filtrate clarity, high cake moisture content, or serious filter medium clogging.  1, record 11, English, - filtration%20aid

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Sólidos que ayudan a mantener la permeabilidad del lecho de filtración al mismo tiempo que retienen los sólidos en suspensión del fluido que se filtra.  1, record 11, Spanish, - coadyudante%20de%20filtraci%C3%B3n

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

When a food sample comes into equilibrium with the atmosphere surrounding it, the water activity in the food sample becomes equal to the relative humidity of the atmosphere surrounding it. Once this equilibrium is reached, the food sample neither gains nor loses moisture over time.  3, record 12, English, - equilibrium%20relative%20humidity

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Puisque le degré d'humidité d'équilibre des semences est fonction de leur teneur en huile, la meilleure mesure correspondant à la norme relative au séchage est l'humidité relative à l'équilibre (HRE). Cette constante est déterminée par l'humidité relative et la température de l'environnement de séchage.  1, record 12, French, - humidit%C3%A9%20relative%20%C3%A0%20l%27%C3%A9quilibre

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Este parámetro [la actividad acuosa] es equivalente a la humedad relativa en equilibrio que es la humedad a la cual se igualan la presión de vapor de humedad del alimento (relación entre el agua y los sólidos) y la presión parcial de humedad del aire ambiente, es decir, que un alimento no ganaría ni perdería humedad.  1, record 12, Spanish, - humedad%20relativa%20en%20equilibrio

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The moisture content of the top layer of coniferous needles and twigs covering the forest floor is one of the factors of forest fire danger which must be determined accurately if fire danger in such timber types is to be measured.... For daily use at numerous field stations, where duff is a forest fire fuel of material significance, some instrumental method giving an immediate indication of duff moisture is necessary. To meet this need [a member] of the U. S. [United States] Forest Products Laboratory, in 1923, invented an instrument called a duff hygrometer.  2, record 13, English, - duff%20hygrometer

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Instrument servant à mesurer la teneur en humidité de la couverture morte et de l'humus brut, notamment en vue de la défense contre les incendies.  1, record 13, French, - hygrom%C3%A8tre%20%C3%A0%20humus%20brut

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

All of the free fat then forms the continuous phases in which water droplets are distributed to form butter. Working of butter is accomplished by continuous rotation of the churn until the body of butter is closely knit to show a waxy character with no visible pockets of surface moisture. The working of butter is continued to standardize moisture until the fat content of butter is 80%.  2, record 14, English, - butter%20working

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le malaxage s'effectue dans la baratte. Cette opération permet de regrouper les grains de beurre en masse homogène, d'éliminer le babeurre restant ainsi que l'eau excédentaire, d'assurer une meilleure conservation et d'améliorer la consistance du beurre.  2, record 14, French, - malaxage%20du%20beurre

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Los sólidos de mantequilla son el producto resultante de la eliminación de agua de suero líquido derivado del batido de la mantequilla.  1, record 14, Spanish, - batido%20de%20la%20mantequilla

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Rice... growing soils with plinthite and abundant ferromanganiferous nodules... were selected to evaluate the formation mechanisms of ferromanganiferous nodules and to determine the relationships among the characteristics of ferromanganiferous nodules under different moisture regimes in soil.  1, record 15, English, - ferromanganiferous

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Fires were carried out in June and July, which corresponds to the main fire season for this region of Siberia. Plots were burned under a wide range of fuel moisture and weather conditions to observe effects on fire behaviour, fire severity, emissions, and other ecological factors. All experimental plots were burned using line ignition along the windward side to quickly create equilibrium fire behaviour that mimics wildfires under similar burning conditions...  1, record 16, English, - equilibrium%20fire%20behaviour

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A description of the fuel properties that are important for assessing potential fire behaviour(e. g. fuel arrangement, fuel load, fuel moisture content).  2, record 17, English, - fuel%20description

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Description des propriétés déterminantes d'un combustible [qui permet] d'évaluer le comportement potentiel d'un incendie (ex. : disposition, quantité, teneur en humidité).  1, record 17, French, - description%20du%20combustible

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The Canadian Forest Fire Weather Index(FWI) System consists of six components that account for the effects of fuel moisture and weather conditions on fire behavior. The first three components are fuel moisture codes, which are numeric ratings of the moisture content of the forest floor and other dead organic matter. Their values rise as the moisture content decreases. There is one fuel moisture code for each of three layers of fuel : litter and other fine fuels; loosely compacted organic layers of moderate depth; and deep, compact organic layers. The remaining three components are fire behavior indices, which represent the rate of fire spread, the fuel available for combustion, and the frontal fire intensity; these three values rise as the fire danger increases.  1, record 18, English, - Canadian%20Forest%20Fire%20Weather%20Index%20System

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La Méthode canadienne de l'indice forêt météo (IFM) est formée de six composantes qui tiennent compte des effets de la teneur en eau des combustibles et des conditions météorologiques sur le comportement du feu. Les trois premières composantes sont des indices d'humidité des combustibles; ce sont des valeurs numériques de la teneur en eau de la litière et d'autres matières organiques mortes. Leur valeur augmente à mesure que la teneur en eau diminue. Il existe un indice d’humidité des combustibles pour chacune des trois couches de combustibles : litière et autres combustibles légers, couches organiques peu tassées de moyenne épaisseur, et épaisses couches organiques compactes. Les trois autres composantes sont des indices de comportement du feu qui représentent la vitesse de propagation du feu, les quantités de combustibles disponibles et l'intensité du feu sur le front de l'incendie; la valeur de ces trois indices est directement proportionnelle au danger d'incendie.  1, record 18, French, - M%C3%A9thode%20canadienne%20de%20l%27indice%20for%C3%AAt%2Dm%C3%A9t%C3%A9o

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The naturally occurring unconsolidated material on the surface of the earth that has been influenced by parent material, climate(including the effects of moisture and temperature), macro and micro-organisms, and relief, all acting over a period of time to produce [material] that may differ from the material from which it was derived in many physical, chemical, mineralogical, biological, and morphological properties.  2, record 19, English, - soil

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Matériaux non consolidés naturels à la surface de la terre, influencés par le matériau originel, le climat (y compris les effets de l'humidité et de la température), les macro et micro-organismes et le relief.  1, record 19, French, - sol

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Cette action répartie sur le temps produit un sol pouvant différer du matériau dont il est formé en bien des points physiques, chimiques, minéralogiques, biologiques et morphologiques.  1, record 19, French, - sol

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Formación superficial de la tierra, de estructura móvil y espesor variable, que se forma por alteración de la roca madre subyacente y por la degradación de la materia orgánica presente.  2, record 19, Spanish, - suelo

Record 20,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A sample of grain is identified as wet if the moisture content exceeds the moist range established for that class of grain.  1, record 20, English, - wet

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

On considère qu'un échantillon de grain est trempé si la teneur en eau dépasse la plage [«mouillé»] établie pour la classe de grain en question.  1, record 20, French, - tremp%C3%A9

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 21,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[A] biomedical sensor is the type of sensor that combines biological and electronic systems which collect signal variables from biological components and converts the signals into electrical output.... Physical biomedical sensors are utilized to measure physical quantities such as body temperature, blood flow, blood pressure, muscle displacement, skin moisture and bone growth.  1, record 21, English, - physical%20biomedical%20sensor

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

Record 21,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 22,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Flax rope... is biodegradable, features surprising strength for its size, and is non-carcinogenic. It also keeps cool under warm temperatures, absorbs moisture, and features minimal elongation with a 285 [pound] breaking point.... Flax rope is often used to strenghten joints without metal fasteners, create rustic seat covers and more.  1, record 22, English, - flax%20rope

Record 22,  Textual support,  French

Record 22,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 23,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 DEF

... the rotating, localized lowering of the cloud base beneath the rain-free portion of a thunderstorm that often precedes tornado development ...  2, record 23, English, - wall%20cloud

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Wall clouds can range from a fraction of a mile up to nearly five miles in diameter, and normally are found on the south or southwest(inflow) side of the thunderstorm. Even though this cloud is lowering, it remains attached to the rain free cloud base of the thunderstorm. It is usually located south or southwest of the visible precipitation area, and marks the strongest updraft in the thunderstorm. The wall cloud develops as the strong updraft draws in surface moisture from several miles away.  3, record 23, English, - wall%20cloud

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 OBS

"Wall cloud" also is used occasionally in tropical meteorology to describe the inner cloud wall surrounding the eye of a tropical cyclone, but the proper term for this feature is "eyewall."  3, record 23, English, - wall%20cloud

Record 23,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le précurseur typique de la tornade est le mur de nuages. C'est une partie de la base du nuage qui semble s'abaisser vers le sol. On le trouve normalement sur le flanc arrière droit de l'orage. Autrement dit, si l'orage arrive de l'ouest, il faut regarder vers sa partie sud-ouest. Le mur de nuages se forme dans la zone sans précipitations et montre généralement un mouvement de rotation, sous la base du nuage.  3, record 23, French, - mur%20de%20nuages

Record 23,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 24,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Grain that is within acceptable limits of moisture is referred to as a straight grade.  1, record 24, English, - straight%20grade

Record 24,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le grain ayant une teneur en eau acceptable est désigné grade sec.  1, record 24, French, - grade%20sec

Record 24,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 25,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[Relative to] feed nutrient content with moisture included.  3, record 25, English, - as%20fed

Record 25,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[Relatif à] la valeur nutritive des aliments tels qu'ils sont consommés, c'est-à-dire avec toute l'eau qu'ils renferment habituellement.  1, record 25, French, - %C3%A0%20la%20distribution

Record 25,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 26,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A single layer of lumber of the same thickness in a stickered pile or package.  2, record 26, English, - course

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

To air dry,... lumber is arranged in layers, or courses, with separating stickers, and built up into unit packages and piles outdoors so that atmospheric air can circulate through the piles and carry away moisture.  2, record 26, English, - course

Record 26,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Placer les premières et les dernières baguettes entre chaque lit de planches en bout de sciages (pas en retrait).  3, record 26, French, - lit%20de%20planches

Record 26,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 27,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 CONT

While the crews were fishing, teams of shoremen(beach workers under the control of a beach master) washed, cleaned, salted and stacked the cod.... The shoremen had to gut, salt and spread out the cod on flakes or on the beaches so that it could dry. They turned the cod over periodically to protect it from moisture or too much heat.  1, record 27, English, - beach%20worker

Record 27,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Tandis que les équipages des chaloupes pêchent, les équipes à terre (graviers dirigés par un maître de [grau]) lavent, nettoient, salent et empilent la morue. [...] Une fois la morue nettoyée et coupée, les graviers doivent l'étendre sur des vigneaux pour qu'elle sèche. Ils tournent les morues périodiquement pour les protéger de l'humidité ou d'une chaleur excessive.  3, record 27, French, - gravier

Record 27,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 28,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The Koster moisture tester is a valuable and practical piece of farm equipment [that] accurately [measures] the moisture content of various materials such as dry grain, high moisture grain, hay, silage, and more. [It] provides percentage readings of both dry matter and moisture content.  1, record 28, English, - Koster%20moisture%20tester

Record 28,  Textual support,  French

Record 28,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 29,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Arctic climatology involves the study of complex and dynamic land-ocean-atmosphere interactions across semipermanently frozen northern high-latitude environments. These areas, approximately confined within the polar cell(north of 60° N), comprise a vast portion of the semipermanent boreal cryosphere and are particularly sensitive to climatic fluctuations and changes at regional to global scales, phase variations in the local and remote modes of ocean-atmosphere variability, and transient weather patterns that transfer heat and moisture to and from the region.  1, record 29, English, - Arctic%20climatology

Record 29,  Textual support,  French

Record 29,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Para que más personas conozcan de primera mano los cambios drásticos que está experimentado el Polo Norte debido al aumento de la temperatura global, el doctor en climatología del Ártico, David Barber, de la Universidad de Manitoba en Canadá, y su hermano, el fotógrafo Doug Barber publicaron el libro "Two Ways of Knowing".  1, record 29, Spanish, - climatolog%C3%ADa%20del%20%C3%81rtico

Record 30,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 OBS

... extractor... removes surplus moisture or dye from materials, such as wet cloth, garments, knit goods, linens, raw fibers, or yarn...  1, record 30, English, - extractor%20tender

Record 30,  Textual support,  French

Record 30,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 31,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Operates and tends centrifugal extractor that removes moisture, residue or liquids from material.  1, record 31, English, - centrifugal%2Dextractor%20operator

Record 31,  Textual support,  French

Record 31,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 32,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An instrument that uses the difference in readings between two thermometers, one having a wet bulb and the other having a dry bulb, to measure the moisture content or relative humidity of air.  2, record 32, English, - psychrometer

Record 32,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Appareil qui sert à déterminer l'état hygrométrique de l'air en comparant la température indiquée par un thermomètre à mercure ordinaire (thermomètre sec) à celle d'un thermomètre dont le réservoir est entouré d'une mousseline imbibée d'eau pure (thermomètre mouillé).  2, record 32, French, - psychrom%C3%A8tre

Record 32,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Instrumento que se utiliza para la medición del contenido de vapor de agua en la atmósfera.  2, record 32, Spanish, - psicr%C3%B3metro

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Consiste en dos termómetros, uno de los cuales (el de bulbo seco) es un termómetro de cristal corriente, mientras que el otro (bulbo húmedo) tiene el depósito de mercurio cubierto por una funda de muselina, que se empapa con agua destilada antes de cada observación.  2, record 32, Spanish, - psicr%C3%B3metro

Record 35,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 DEF

ocean-atmosphere interactions; atmosphere-ocean interactions; air-sea interactions : The interchanges of heat, moisture, momentum and energy [that] occur between the top layer of the sea and the layer of air in contact with it and vice versa.  2, record 35, English, - ocean%2Datmosphere%20interaction

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The ocean and the atmosphere form a complex coupled system, exchanging gases, water (and water vapour), particles, momentum, and energy at the air-sea interface. These exchanges affect the biological, chemical, and physical processes of the ocean and influence the water cycle, weather, and climate. The ocean affects Earth’s climate through the long-term consequences of these exchanges. For example, the ocean is a gigantic reservoir for CO₂ [carbon dioxide], which plays a critical role in shaping climate change. [The] research ... intends to advance [the] knowledge and understanding of the role of the ocean-atmosphere interactions and exchanges on climate on a regional and global scale.  2, record 35, English, - ocean%2Datmosphere%20interaction

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 OBS

ocean-atmosphere interaction; atmosphere-ocean interaction; air-sea interaction: designations usually used in the plural.  4, record 35, English, - ocean%2Datmosphere%20interaction

Record 35,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 DEF

interactions océan-atmosphère; interactions air-mer : Échanges de chaleur, d'humidité, de quantité de mouvement et d'énergie entre la couche superficielle de la mer et la couche d'air en contact avec elle et vice versa.  2, record 35, French, - interaction%20oc%C3%A9an%2Datmosph%C3%A8re

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 OBS

interaction océan-atmosphère; interaction air-mer : désignations habituellement utilisées au pluriel.  3, record 35, French, - interaction%20oc%C3%A9an%2Datmosph%C3%A8re

Record 35,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 36,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Drying techniques for fish appear at first glance to have been a simple set of spreadings and pilings to keep fish safe and to keep it drying.... for an interspersed day or two[, ] the fish could be put in faggots to press out or "sweat" — that is, have water forced gently out of them. [The fishing] family would pile their fish on the third day regardless of the weather in order to let it sweat before the sun crusted it over and sealed moisture in.  2, record 36, English, - sweat

Record 36,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Rendre de l'humidité en surface en parlant du poisson salé empilé entre deux périodes de séchage.  1, record 36, French, - ressuer

Record 36,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 37,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The climate in coastal regions resulting from the modification of the macroclimate due to the discontinuity in surface roughness at the coastline and to the different thermal and moisture properties of sea and land.  2, record 37, English, - coastal%20climate

Record 37,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Climat des régions côtières résultant de la modification du macroclimat du fait de la discontinuité de rugosité entre le rivage et la mer et de leurs propriétés différentes relativement à la température et à l'humidité.  3, record 37, French, - climat%20c%C3%B4tier

Record 37,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Clima en las regiones costeras que resulta de las modificaciones del macroclima, debido a la discontinuidad de las propiedades de mar y tierra que existen respecto a la rugosidad de la línea costera, la temperatura y la humedad.  1, record 37, Spanish, - clima%20costero

Record 38,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Several finishes may be applied to wool, depending on its end use. For washable wools, the finish reduces friction and fiber entanglement... Wool can also be treated to make it highly resistant to moths, stains, moisture, and fire. The finishing process is the final step in wool processing, which takes the wool from the sheep's back to woven or knitted fabric.  1, record 38, English, - wool%20processing

Record 38,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La transformation de la laine débute avec la tonte. Chaque printemps en avril-mai les moutons sont soulagés de leur épaisse toison de laine qu'ils ont porté tout l'hiver.  1, record 38, French, - transformation%20de%20la%20laine

Record 38,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 39,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A violin case is a must... The fragility of string instruments, particularly violins and violas, requires an extra layer of protection whenever the instrument isn’t in use. The case shields [the] violin from the bumps and dings of general movement in daily life. It protects the violin body from cracking or breaking if the case is knocked or tripped over, and blocks the finish and underlying wood from direct contact with sunlight or moisture.  1, record 39, English, - violin%20case

Record 39,  Textual support,  French

Record 39,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 40,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 CONT

If the air aloft is cool enough and the surface temperature warms sufficiently, thermals form whether or not enough moisture exists for Cumulus formation. These dry, or blue thermals as they are called, can be just as strong as their [Cumulus]-topped counterparts.  2, record 40, English, - dry%20thermal

Record 40,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 CONT

On rencontre en général le thermique pur appelé également thermique bleu en situation anticyclonique l'air y étant sec. N'étant pas matérialisé par un cumulus[,] ce type de thermique est beaucoup plus difficile à visualiser [...]  2, record 40, French, - thermique%20pur

Record 40,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 41,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Clear air with less than maximum water vapour content.  2, record 41, English, - unsaturated%20air

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Unsaturated air can become saturated in three ways—by evaporation of water into the air; by the mixing of two masses of air of different temperatures, both initially unsaturated but saturated as a mixture; or, most commonly, by cooling the air, which reduces its capacity to hold moisture as water vapour sometimes to the point that the water vapour it holds is sufficient for saturation.  3, record 41, English, - unsaturated%20air

Record 41,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Air limpide dont le contenu en vapeur d'eau n'est pas maximal [...]  2, record 41, French, - air%20non%20satur%C3%A9

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Lorsque l'on refroidit de l'air non saturé, le taux d'humidité et la pression partielle de vapeur d'eau restent d'abord constants. L'humidité relative augmente toutefois, car l'air froid peut absorber moins d'humidité [...]  3, record 41, French, - air%20non%20satur%C3%A9

Record 41,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 42,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A two-channel(6. 5 and 11. 5 μm) scanning radiometer [which was] flown on [the meteorological satellites named Nimbus-4, Nimbus-5, Nimbus-6 and Nimbus-7 and which was] used to provide information on moisture and high-level clouds in the upper troposphere and stratosphere.  2, record 42, English, - temperature%2Dhumidity%20infrared%20radiometer

Record 42,  Textual support,  French

Record 42,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 43,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A fog desert is a type of desert where fog drip supplies the majority of moisture needed by animal and plant life. Examples of fog deserts include the Atacama Desert of coastal Chile and Peru, the Baja California Desert of Mexico, the Namib Desert in Namibia, the Arabian Peninsula coastal fog desert, and a manmade instance within Biosphere 2, an artificial closed ecosphere in Arizona.  4, record 43, English, - coastal%20desert

Record 43,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les déserts côtiers se trouvent sur la côte ouest de l'Afrique et en Amérique du Sud, à proximité du tropique du Cancer et du tropique du Capricorne. Ils comprennent le désert côtier du Sahara occidental, la côte squelette de la Namibie et de l'Angola, et le désert d'Atacama au Chili.  4, record 43, French, - d%C3%A9sert%20c%C3%B4tier

Record 43,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 44,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 CONT

At high latitudes and especially in the polar regions, the low precipitation is caused partly by subsidence of air in the high-pressure belts and partly by the low temperatures. Snow or rain occur at times, but evaporation from the cold sea and land surfaces is slow, and the cold air has little capacity for moisture.  2, record 44, English, - low%20precipitation

Record 44,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les faibles précipitations enregistrées en début d'année font craindre une grande sécheresse cet été.  1, record 44, French, - faible%20pr%C3%A9cipitation

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 OBS

faible précipitation : désignation habituellement utilisée au pluriel.  2, record 44, French, - faible%20pr%C3%A9cipitation

Record 44,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 45,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The interdisciplinary study of cyclical, multidirectional interactions between the climate system and the hydrologic cycle on a variety of spatial and temporal scales.  2, record 45, English, - hydroclimatology

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The field of hydroclimatology was developed to synthesize many separate but related topics describing the storage and flux of water between and within the atmosphere and the land surface. By synthesizing these topics, including precipitation, evaporation, water vapour, streamflow, and soil moisture, among others, their interactions with each other and their effects on the earth surface can be assessed better across time and space.  2, record 45, English, - hydroclimatology

Record 45,  Textual support,  French

Record 45,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 46,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 DEF

... an indicator of drought calculated as the difference between annual precipitation and ... the potential loss of water vapour from a landscape covered by vegetation ...  1, record 46, English, - climate%20moisture%20index

Record 46,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[...] indicateur de sécheresse représentant la différence entre les précipitations annuelles et [...] la possible perte d'eau par évaporation dans un milieu couvert de végétation [...]  1, record 46, French, - indice%20d%27humidit%C3%A9%20climatique

Record 46,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 47,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The term indoor relative humidity is sometimes used to specify the relative humidity which outside air will have when heated to a given room temperature, such as 72 °F, without addition of moisture. It always has a low value in cold weather and is then a better measure of the drying effect on skin than is outdoor relative humidity.  2, record 47, English, - indoor%20relative%20humidity

Record 47,  Textual support,  French

Record 47,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 48,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The term indoor relative humidity is sometimes used to specify the relative humidity which outside air will have when heated to a given room temperature, such as 72 °F, without addition of moisture. It always has a low value in cold weather and is then a better measure of the drying effect on skin than is outdoor relative humidity.  2, record 48, English, - outdoor%20relative%20humidity

Record 48,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Humidité relative à l'air libre ou à l'extérieur d'un édifice.  1, record 48, French, - humidit%C3%A9%20relative%20ext%C3%A9rieure

Record 48,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 49,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 49, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A pencil of graphite enclosed in wood.  3, record 49, English, - lead%20pencil

Record number: 49, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Graphite pencils(traditionally known as "lead pencils") produce grey or black marks that are easily erased, but [are] otherwise resistant to moisture, most chemicals, ultraviolet radiation and natural aging.  2, record 49, English, - lead%20pencil

Record 49,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 49, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Bâtonnet de bois renfermant une mine de graphite et d'argile, servant à tracer, à écrire ou à dessiner.  1, record 49, French, - crayon%20%C3%A0%20mine%20de%20plomb

Record 49,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 50,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 50, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Trajectory analysis uses climate re-analysis products to track a parcel of air : typical applications would be to track a pollution plume or volcanic eruption plume. Back trajectory analysis is the inverse of this technique, and allows one to answer the question, "where did a parcel of air originate from, and where did it uptake its moisture?"  3, record 50, English, - back%20trajectory%20analysis

Record 50,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 50, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Une analyse de rétrotrajectoire, qui permet de définir le trajet parcouru par un polluant avant sa détection en un point précis, indique que le SO₂ [dioxyde de soufre] proviendrait du parc industriel.  1, record 50, French, - analyse%20de%20r%C3%A9trotrajectoire

Record 50,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 51,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 51, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Nimbostratus clouds bring continuous precipitation that can last for many hours. These low-level clouds are full of moisture.  2, record 51, English, - continuous%20precipitation

Record 51,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 51, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Quand une masse d'air chaud avance au-dessus d'une masse d'air froid, il se forme alors un front chaud, qui donne une température chaude et humide et des précipitations continues.  2, record 51, French, - pr%C3%A9cipitation%20continue

Record number: 51, Textual support number: 1 OBS

précipitation continue : désignation habituellement utilisée au pluriel.  3, record 51, French, - pr%C3%A9cipitation%20continue

Record 51,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 52,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 52, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The North American Regional Reanalysis(NARR) is a model produced by the National Centers for Environmental Prediction(NCEP) that generates reanalyzed data for temperature, wind, moisture, soil, and dozens of other parameters.  1, record 52, English, - North%20American%20Regional%20Reanalysis

Record 52,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 52, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Réanalyse régionale de l'Amérique du Nord : traduction non officielle donnée à titre d'information seulement.  2, record 52, French, - North%20American%20Regional%20Reanalysis

Record 52,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 53,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 53, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A manufactured fiber with internal voids created by air injection or use of special spinnerets.  2, record 53, English, - hollow%20fibre

Record number: 53, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Hollow core fiber makes the filament yarn very light... This kind of fiber also ensures faster transportation of moisture away from the skin to the outer layer.  5, record 53, English, - hollow%20fibre

Record 53,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 53, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Filament constitué d'un ou plusieurs canaux.  2, record 53, French, - fibre%20creuse

Record number: 53, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Les canaux rendent la fibre plus légère et plus isolante.  3, record 53, French, - fibre%20creuse

Record 53,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 54,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 54, Textual support number: 1 CONT

During crop inspection, the seed crop inspector may observe plants with morphological or physical characteristics that differ from the rest of the crop. It is important to be aware of ways in which the environment may affect the crop(e. g., temperature, moisture, wind, insects, diseases, animals or chemical damage) and to consider these when determining the identity of a suspected deviant plant.  2, record 54, English, - seed%20crop%20inspector

Record 54,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 54, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Au cours de l'inspection, il est possible que l'inspecteur de cultures de semences trouve des plantes présentant des caractéristiques physiques et morphologiques différentes de celles du reste de la culture. Il est important de connaître les incidences que l'environnement peut avoir sur la culture (p. ex., la température, l'humidité, les vents, les insectes, les maladies, les animaux ou les dommages causés par les produits chimiques) et de les prendre en compte dans la détermination de l'identité d'un plant douteux.  2, record 54, French, - inspecteur%20de%20cultures%20de%20semence

Record 54,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 55,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 55, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A measure of the climate of a growing region calculated by adding the mean temperatures for each day (minus a base temperature) over a growing season.  2, record 55, English, - heat%20summation

Record number: 55, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Grapes begin their growth cycle in the spring when average daily temperature is about 10 °C(50 °F). To reach maturity, they require a certain amount of heat above 10 °C during the growing season. This amount of heat, called the heat summation, is calculated by totalling the number of degrees of average daily temperature over 10 °C for each day of the growing season. A heat summation of about 1, 800 is required for successful growth. If the heat summation is less than required, the grapes will not ripen; they will reach the end of the growing season with insufficient sugar and too much acidity.... Where the heat summation is much greater than required,... the grapes mature earlier and with less acidity and colour than those produced under cooler conditions. Factors influencing the heat summation of a vineyard and, therefore, grape composition include exposure... air drainage..., soil temperature(above 10 °C during the growing season), and soil moisture content...  3, record 55, English, - heat%20summation

Record number: 55, Textual support number: 1 OBS

For grapes, the base temperature is 50 degrees F (10 °C).  2, record 55, English, - heat%20summation

Record 55,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 55, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'université de Davis a défini, à la suite de relevés effectués entre 1950 et 1960, cinq zones départageant climatiquement le vignoble californien. Ces zones ont été déterminées à partir de la somme des températures en degrés-jours relevées pendant la période de végétation, l'objectif étant au départ de permettre aux nouveaux vignerons de retenir un encépagement favorable au contexte climatique.  1, record 55, French, - somme%20des%20temp%C3%A9ratures%20en%20degr%C3%A9s%2Djours

Record number: 55, Textual support number: 2 CONT

De nombreuses études ont démontré que l'apparition des différents stades de développement de la vigne est fortement dépendante de la température [...] La température cumulée par la plante constitue un temps thermique lequel est exprimé en fonction de la somme de degrés-jours (DJ) calculés à partir des températures journalières et diminuées de la température physiologique de base de 10 °C, au-dessous de laquelle la croissance de la vigne est inhibée [...]  2, record 55, French, - somme%20des%20temp%C3%A9ratures%20en%20degr%C3%A9s%2Djours

Record 55,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 56,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 56, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A test carried out on packages that consists of regulating moisture content and temperature. A common specification is to hold the package in atmosphere equivalent to 50% relative humidity at 25 °C until temperature and moisture content on the package are stable.  2, record 56, English, - conditioning%20test

Record number: 56, Textual support number: 1 OBS

See the definition of "conditioning" in the Glossary of Packaging Terms (source code: GREPA).  2, record 56, English, - conditioning%20test