TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A measure of the climate of a growing region calculated by adding the mean temperatures for each day (minus a base temperature) over a growing season.  2, record 1, English, - heat%20summation

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Grapes begin their growth cycle in the spring when average daily temperature is about 10 °C(50 °F). To reach maturity, they require a certain amount of heat above 10 °C during the growing season. This amount of heat, called the heat summation, is calculated by totalling the number of degrees of average daily temperature over 10 °C for each day of the growing season. A heat summation of about 1, 800 is required for successful growth. If the heat summation is less than required, the grapes will not ripen; they will reach the end of the growing season with insufficient sugar and too much acidity.... Where the heat summation is much greater than required,... the grapes mature earlier and with less acidity and colour than those produced under cooler conditions. Factors influencing the heat summation of a vineyard and, therefore, grape composition include exposure... air drainage..., soil temperature(above 10 °C during the growing season), and soil moisture content...  3, record 1, English, - heat%20summation

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

For grapes, the base temperature is 50 degrees F (10 °C).  2, record 1, English, - heat%20summation

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'université de Davis a défini, à la suite de relevés effectués entre 1950 et 1960, cinq zones départageant climatiquement le vignoble californien. Ces zones ont été déterminées à partir de la somme des températures en degrés-jours relevées pendant la période de végétation, l'objectif étant au départ de permettre aux nouveaux vignerons de retenir un encépagement favorable au contexte climatique.  1, record 1, French, - somme%20des%20temp%C3%A9ratures%20en%20degr%C3%A9s%2Djours

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 2 CONT

De nombreuses études ont démontré que l'apparition des différents stades de développement de la vigne est fortement dépendante de la température [...] La température cumulée par la plante constitue un temps thermique lequel est exprimé en fonction de la somme de degrés-jours (DJ) calculés à partir des températures journalières et diminuées de la température physiologique de base de 10 °C, au-dessous de laquelle la croissance de la vigne est inhibée [...]  2, record 1, French, - somme%20des%20temp%C3%A9ratures%20en%20degr%C3%A9s%2Djours

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The economy exists entirely within society, because all parts of the human economy require interaction among people. However, society is much more than just the economy. Friends and families, music and art, religion and ethics are important elements of society, but are not primarily based on exchanging goods and services. Society, in turn, exists entirely within the environment. Our basic requirements--air, food and water--come from the environment, as do the energy and raw materials for housing, transportation and the products we depend on. Finally, the environment surrounds society. At an earlier point in human history, the environment largely determined the shape of society. Today the opposite is true : human activity is reshaping the environment at an ever-increasing rate. The parts of the environment unaffected by human activity are getting smaller all the time.  2, record 2, English, - human%20economy

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'économie humaine dépend étroitement du fonctionnement de la nature. Celle-ci est le vrai producteur qui parvient, grâce à des processus physiologiques, à créer «l'ordre» par la capture et l'exploitation de l'énergie solaire. À leur tour, les sociétés humaines exploitent les produits de la nature (ressources alimentaires, fibres naturelles, bois d'œuvre, énergies-stock) et leur ajoutent de la «valeur» tout en causant une entropie (désordre) à l'environnement et en produisant des déchets qui ne sont pas biodégradables.  3, record 2, French, - %C3%A9conomie%20humaine

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 CONT

L'économie humaine est l'économie d'un être humain complet (dont l'individu maximisateur de valeurs marchandes sous contrainte n'est qu'une caricature), d'un être humain qui inscrit son action dans le temps (et donc l'histoire), sur un territoire, dans un environnement familial, social, culturel et politique; l'économie d'une personne animée par des valeurs et qui ne résout pas tout par le calcul ou l'échange, mais aussi par l'habitude, le don, la coopération, les règles morales, les conventions sociales, le droit, les institutions politiques, etc. [...] L'économie humaine est donc une économie historique, politique, sociale, et écologique.  4, record 2, French, - %C3%A9conomie%20humaine

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... many flexible membrane roof systems are seamed with adhesives, tapes or hot-air welders, they are often much cleaner than earlier systems. Some modified bitumen systems are torch-welded, so again the application is somewhat cleaner. And, when hot asphalt is mopped in a typically two-ply SBS system, there is typically less to apply than would be the case with a four-ply hot built-up roof.  2, record 3, English, - hot%20built%2Dup%20roof

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le terme «multicouche» est tantôt utilisé au féminin, tantôt au masculin; voir la fiche «multicouche/built-up roof».  2, record 3, French, - multicouche%20appliqu%C3%A9e%20%C3%A0%20chaud

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Stream-type chinook salmons enter spawning rivers in the spring and early summer and most migrate to the headwaters of the large river systems to spawn... in September and October, about the same time as ocean-type... although they enter the spawning rivers much earlier than ocean type.... Young of stream-type chinook salmon remain in freshwater for at least 1 year before migrating to sea.  1, record 4, English, - stream%2Dtype%20chinook%20salmon

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Source : Denise Campillo, Traductions scientifiques/Biologie.  1, record 4, French, - saumon%20quinnat%20de%20type%20dulcicole

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish