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Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Acetylcholine binds to receptors on the postsynaptic cell membrane, the smooth muscle ends plates, and secretory glands, causing the muscarinic effects of acetylcholine. These effects include bronchospasm, low pulmonary compliance, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, miosis, blurred vision, bradycardia, and hypersecretions of the oropharynx, conjunctivae, tracheobronchial tree, and gastrointestinal tract. Acetylcholine also binds to skeletal muscle end plates and synaptic ganglia, causing nicotinic effects. The nicotinic effects of acetylcholine include fasciculations, flaccid paralysis, tachycardia, and hypertension.  2, record 1, English, - nicotinic%20effect

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les effets nicotiniques. Les récepteurs nicotiniques étant situés au niveau des synapses neuromusculaires des muscles striés, des synapses ganglionnaires du système nerveux autonome et des médullosurrénales, l'excès d'acétylcholine se manifeste par : des fasciculations musculaires et des crampes au point de contact avec le toxique, suivies d'une asthénie rapidement croissante par atteinte de la plaque motrice, évoluant vers une paralysie flasque des muscles striés et un arrêt respiratoire, [et] une mydriase rapide, accompagnée d'une tachycardie et une hypertension artérielle due à la stimulation des glandes surrénales.  2, record 1, French, - effet%20nicotinique

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Muscarine, a natural product from the mushroom "Amanita muscaria, "stimulates Ach [acetylcholine](cholinergic) receptors at the parasympathetic terminal sites : exocrine glands(lacrimal, salivary, and bronchial mucous glands), cardiac muscle, and smooth muscle(gastrointestinal tract). Ach receptors at these sites and the effects of parasympathetic stimulation at these sites are termed "muscarinic. "A muscarinic effect well known to respiratory care clinicians is the increase in airway secretions after administration of Ach-like drugs, such as neostigmine. There is also a decrease in blood pressure caused by slowing of the heart and vasodilation.  2, record 2, English, - muscarinic%20effect

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

À faible dose l'effet muscarinique se reconnaît au ralentissement cardiaque, à la diminution de la force des contractions du cœur, à la vasodilatation périphérique et à l'hypotension.  2, record 2, French, - effet%20muscarinique

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Hyoscine(scopolamine) is a competitive inhibitor of the muscarinic receptors of acetylcholine and it has been shown to be one of the most effective agents for preventing motion sickness.  2, record 3, English, - scopolamine

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

scopolamine: active ingredient commonly sold under the name Transderm-Scop (a systemic drug).  5, record 3, English, - scopolamine

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Chemical formula: written C₁₇H₂₁NO₄  5, record 3, English, - scopolamine

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La scopolamine, également appelée hyoscine, a une structure chimique très voisine de celle de l'atropine. Ses effets périphériques sont semblables à ceux de l'atropine, mais ses effets centraux diffèrent : elle a une action sédative, tranquillisante, légèrement euphorisante, elle favorise le sommeil, renforce l'action des hypnotiques et des tranquillisants et a un effet amnésiant. Cependant chez les malades qui éprouvent de fortes douleurs, elle peut avoir un effet excitant et provoquer des hallucinations.  5, record 3, French, - scopolamine

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La scopolamine est employée sous forme de bromhydrate, comme sédatif et antispasmodique (notamment pour la prévention du mal des transports et dans la maladie de Parkinson).  6, record 3, French, - scopolamine

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 2 OBS

scopolamine : principe actif couramment commercialisé sous le nom de Transderm-Scop (médicament à action générale).  7, record 3, French, - scopolamine

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 3 OBS

Formule chimique : s'écrive C₁₇H₂₁NO₄  7, record 3, French, - scopolamine

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La escopolamina […] es un alcaloide tropánico […] Sus efectos se deben a que este compuesto es un anticolinérgico, es decir, que funciona como un antagonista de la acetilcolina.  2, record 3, Spanish, - escopolamina

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Fórmula química: se escribe C₁₇H₂₁NO₄  3, record 3, Spanish, - escopolamina

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors are members of rhodopsin-like G-protein coupled receptor family. They play several important roles; they mediate many of the effects of acetylcholine in the central and peripheral nervous system and modulate a variety of physiological functions, such as airway, eye and intestinal smooth muscle contraction, heart rate and glandular secretions. The receptors have a widespread tissue distribution and are a major drug target in human disease. They may be effective therapeutic targets in Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.  1, record 4, English, - muscarinic%20receptor

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Il y a deux grands types de récepteurs (cholinergiques) de l'acétylcholine, les récepteurs muscariniques et nicotiniques qui ont été identifiés à partir des réponses à différents agents chimiques. Les récepteurs nicotiniques sont activés par la nicotine du tabac et les récepteurs muscariniques le sont par le poison d'un champignon, la muscarine [...] Les récepteurs muscariniques sont situés dans la membrane des cellules effectrices (muscle cardiaque, muscles lisses, glandes) et sont stimulés par la liaison de l'acétylcholine libérée par les fibres postganglionnaires du système parasympathique.  2, record 4, French, - r%C3%A9cepteur%20muscarinique

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Homatropine belongs to the group of medicines called anti-muscarinics. Homatropine acts on receptors in the muscles of the eye(muscarinic receptors). These receptors usually cause constriction and thickening of the lens(focusing the eye), and closing of the iris(pupil constriction). By blocking these receptors, homatropine produces dilatation of the pupil(mydriasis) and prevents the eye from accommodating for near vision(cycloplegia). Homatropine is given as eye drops to dilate the pupil and relax the lens so that eye examinations can be carried out thoroughly.  2, record 5, English, - homatropine

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Chemical formula: C₁₆H₂₁NO₃  3, record 5, English, - homatropine

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'homatropine est utilisée pour la mise au repos de l'iris et du corps ciliaire en cas d'uvéite antérieure (iritis et iridocyclite), pour la prévention et la rupture des synéchies postérieures ainsi que pour la production d'une légère mydriase après opération de la cataracte ou du glaucome. L'homatropine est également utilisée pour la réfractométrie objective chez l'adulte ainsi que pour l'amélioration de l'acuité visuelle en cas d'opacités axiales du cristallin.  2, record 5, French, - homatropine

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Formule chimique : C₁₆H₂₁NO₃  3, record 5, French, - homatropine

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Tropicamide belongs to the group of medicines called anti-muscarinics. Tropicamide blocks the receptors in the muscles of the eye(muscarinic receptors). These receptors are involved in controlling the pupil size and the shape of the lens. By blocking these receptors, tropicamide produces dilatation of the pupil(mydriasis) and prevents the eye from accommodating for near vision(cycloplegia). Tropicamide is given as eye drops to dilate the pupil and relax the lens so that eye examinations can be carried out thoroughly.  2, record 6, English, - tropicamide

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Active ingredient commonly sold under the name Mydriacyl (an ophthalmic drug).  3, record 6, English, - tropicamide

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Chemical formula: C₁₇H₂₀N₂O₂  3, record 6, English, - tropicamide

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Sous l'effet du tropicamide, la pupille se dilate déjà au bout de 5 minutes. Elle atteint son diamètre maximal 20 à 25 minutes après l'instillation et retrouve sa dimension normale 6 heures plus tard.  2, record 6, French, - tropicamide

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Principe actif couramment commercialisé sous le nom de Mydriacyl (médicament à usage ophtalmique).  3, record 6, French, - tropicamide

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Formule chimique : C₁₇H₂₀N₂O₂  3, record 6, French, - tropicamide

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A muscarinic antagonist used as an antispasmodic, in some disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, and to reduce salivation with some anesthetics.  3, record 7, English, - glycopyrrolate

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Chemical formula: C₁₉H₂₈BrNO₃  4, record 7, English, - glycopyrrolate

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Antagoniste muscarinique.  3, record 7, French, - glycopyrrolate

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Formule chimique : C₁₉H₂₈BrNO₃  3, record 7, French, - glycopyrrolate

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Fórmula química: C₁₉H₂₈BrNO₃  2, record 7, Spanish, - glicopirrolato

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Se dit de l'action parasympathomimétique que possèdent certains alcaloïdes (l'acétylcholine par exemple), semblable à celle de la muscarine.  2, record 8, French, - muscarinique

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A slowly hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Bethanechol is generally used to increase smooth muscle tone, as in the GI tract following abdominal surgery or in urinary retention in the absence of obstruction. It may cause hypotension, cardiac rate changes, and bronchial spasms.  2, record 9, English, - bethanechol

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Counteracting the action of acetylcholine; used especially of drugs which block conduction at cholinergic nerve endings.  4, record 10, English, - anticholinergic

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Used as an antidote to the muscarinic effects of nerve gas.  2, record 10, English, - anticholinergic

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 2 OBS

anticholinergic drug: term extracted from the "Disarmament and Peace Keeping" glossary with the permission of the United Nations Office at Geneva.  5, record 10, English, - anticholinergic

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Substance qui empêche l'acétylcholine d'activer certains types de récepteurs.  2, record 10, French, - anticholinergique

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Agent incapacitant psychodysleptique sédatif.  3, record 10, French, - anticholinergique

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 2 OBS

anticholinergique : terme tiré du lexique «Désarmement et Maintien de la Paix» avec l'autorisation de l'Office des Nations Unies à Genève.  4, record 10, French, - anticholinergique

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

There are some questions as to methodology [concerning research in molecular and developmental genetics] Things such as possible difficulties with interpretation of data from using heterologous biochemical assays and correlating in vitro protein phosphorylation sites with in vivo sites of phosphorylation could have been better addressed ....  1, record 11, English, - protein%20phosphorylation

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Protein kinase C-mediated bidirectional regulation of DNA synthesis, RB protein phosphorylation, and cyclin-dependent kinases in human vascular endothelial cells... Agents which activate protein kinase C or otherwise enhance protein phosphorylation caused a substantial decrease in A beta production in vitro... The muscarinic inhibition of cyclic AMP(cAMP) mediated contractile effects may not only be the result of a reduction in cAMP levels, but may also involve cAMP linked protein phosphorylation in the heart... Recent studies in Alzheimer brains have shown aberrant protein phosphorylation, suggesting an alteration in protein kinases and/or phosphoprotein phosphatases... [Source : PASCAL database].  2, record 11, English, - protein%20phosphorylation

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'exemple le plus ancien et le plus célèbre des régulations par phosphorylation de protéines est celui de la glycogène phosphorylase, déjà rencontrée comme protéine allostérique. Nous savons qu'un 2e mécanisme règle l'activité de la protéine puisqu'elle peut passer par phosphorylation d'une forme b peu active à une forme a très active. Une seule phosphorylation sur chaque sous-unité du dimère suffit [...]  1, record 11, French, - phosphorylation%20de%20prot%C3%A9ines

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish