TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

White or yellow, crystalline, odorless powder. An essential nutrient necessary for the conversion of food into energy. [It] participates in many energy-yielding reactions and aids in the maintenance of normal nervous system. Added to prepared breakfast cereals, peanut butter, baby cereals. [It] is distributed in significant amounts in livers, yeast, meat, legumes, and whole cereals.  9, record 1, English, - niacin

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Also known under a very large number of commercial designations, among which : Acotin; Akotin; Anti-Pellagra Vitamin; Apelagnin; Apelagrin; Bionic; Daskil; Davitamon PP; Direktan; Efacin; Linic; NAH; Naotin; Nia-bid; NIAC; Niacels; Niacor; Ni(CO) ;Nicacid; Nicamin; Nicangin; Nico; Nico-400; Nicobid; Nicocap; Nicocidin; Nicocrisina; Nicodan; Nicodelmine; Nicolar; Niconacid; Niconat; Niconazid; Nicorol; Nicosan 3; Nicoside; Nico-Span; Nicosyl; Nicotamin; Nicotene; Nicotil; Nicotinipca; Nicovasan; Nicovasen; Nicovel; Nikacid; Nipellen; Nyclin; Pellagramin; Pellagra preventive factor; Pellagrin; Pelonin; Peviton; PP-factor; S115; SK-Niacin; Vitaplex N; Wampocap.  10, record 1, English, - niacin

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 3 OBS

Do not confuse with nicotinamide (vitamin PP), which consists of the amide of nicotinic acid.  10, record 1, English, - niacin

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 4 OBS

Chemical formula: C₆H₅NO₂  10, record 1, English, - niacin

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Vitamine du groupe des vitamines B, ayant un rôle de coenzyme dans l'oxydation des glucides, [dont la] carence provoque des désordres intestinaux et nerveux et peut conduire à la pellagre.  9, record 1, French, - niacine

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'acide nicotinique se forme par l'oxydation des dérivés β-substitués de la pyridine. En dehors de son rôle précurseur de son amide, le nicotinamide, ou vitamine PP, l'acide nicotinique est un puissant vasodilatateur [...]  10, record 1, French, - niacine

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Les meilleures sources de niacine sont le foie, la levure, le poulet, la viande maigre, les arachides et les légumineuses.  11, record 1, French, - niacine

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Formule chimique : C₆H₅NO₂  12, record 1, French, - niacine

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Vitamina hidrosoluble cuyo déficit causa la pelagra.  3, record 1, Spanish, - niacina

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Sólido cristalino incoloro, soluble en agua y alcohol.  3, record 1, Spanish, - niacina

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Fórmula química: C₆H₅NO₂  4, record 1, Spanish, - niacina

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The current-voltage characteristics of the Schottky function are expressed as follows... where e is an electric charge of electrons and e=1. 602. times. 10. sup.-19(coulomb), k is Boltzmann's constant and k=1. 38. times. 10. sup.-23(J/K), n is an index which represents deviation from the ideal characteristics, and is called ideal factor or diode factor.  1, record 2, English, - ideal%20factor

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

D'autres facteurs tels que les pertes par réflexion sur la surface éclairée malgré la couche antireflet, les caractéristiques électriques propres à la jonction comme le facteur de diode et la résistance série diminuent encore le rendement de conversion des piles solaires.  1, record 2, French, - facteur%20de%20diode

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Ultra High Resolution Spectrometer(UHRS).... Laser spectroscopy has stimulated the development of spectrometers with improved performance and has led SOPRA to develop a new line of monochromators with ultra-high resolution. SOPRA has designed the mechanical parts in the most careful way to take the best advantage of the newest diffraction gratings. The instrument function of a monochromator is defined by the product : Resolution X Luminosity/Noise=RL/N. The resolution R directly depends on the diffraction grating and the focal length. The luminosity L depends on the area, on the efficiency of the grating, and on the slits. The noise N is essentially caused by the light scattered by the grating through the output slit and it diminishes when the focal length is increased. Another crucial quality factor of a monochromator is the ease to use it, i. e. its stability and reproducibility with regard to resolution and luminosity, and its tuning characteristics.  1, record 3, English, - ultra%20high%20resolution%20spectrometer

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Nous disposons d'un spectromètre à ultra-haute résolution dans le domaine spectral de 10 mm, dont nous améliorons régulièrement les performances, et qui nous a permis des travaux originaux en physique moléculaire et en métrologie des fréquences.  1, record 3, French, - spectrom%C3%A8tre%20%C3%A0%20ultra%2Dhaute%20r%C3%A9solution

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The term cv is the coefficient of consolidation from the usual laboratory consolidation test; N is the number of pervious boundaries, one or two; and T is the time factor, a dimensionless parameter.  3, record 4, English, - dimensionless%20parameter

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le terme cv représente le coefficient de consolidation déduit de l'essai courant en laboratoire, N est le nombre des faces drainantes (une ou deux) et T le facteur temps, paramètre sans dimension.  2, record 4, French, - param%C3%A8tre%20adimensionnel

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Kersten S., S. Mandard, N. S. Tan, P. Escher, D. Metzger, P. Chambon, F. J. Gonzalez, B. Desvergne, and W. Wahli(2000). Characterization of the fasting induced adipose factor FIAF, a novel PPAR target gene. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 275, 28488D28493. P  4, record 5, English, - fasting%20induced%20adipose%20factor

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le FIAF(fasting induced adipose factor) également décrit sous le nom de PGAR (PPAR angiopoietin related) ou HFARP (hepatic fibrinogen/angiopoietin-related protein) a été identifié chez la souris. Cette glycoprotéine, apparentée au fibrinogène et aux angiopoïétines, est produite essentiellement par les tissus adipeux blanc et brun, le placenta et une quantité moindre par le foie.  1, record 5, French, - facteur%20FIAF

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The luminescence flux emitted from the interior of a rectangular sample reaching a photodetector place at some distance from the sample is decreased by a factor of approximately n^2</sup>(where n is the refractive index of the medium) compared with a medium whose refractive index is 1. 0.  1, record 6, English, - refraction%20effect

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Flux de luminescence émis de l'intérieur d'un échantillon rectangulaire et qui atteint un photodétecteur placé à une certaine distance de l'échantillon, décroît par un facteur d'environ n² (où n est l'indice de réfraction du milieu) par rapport à un milieu dont l'indice de réfraction serait égal à 1,0.  1, record 6, French, - effet%20de%20r%C3%A9fraction

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In a sagittal plane localization experiment, listeners(N=8) were required to localize a train of eight clicks that originated from a source that was either directly in front, overhead, or behind. Click trains were made from 25-(mu) s pulses, separated by 110 ms, and were presented in an anechoic room.... All listeners except one showed a level disadvantage : The localization error rate increased with increasing level, on the average by a factor of 10 over the range of levels. It was conjectured that the level disadvantage arises from a failure of the auditory system to resolve details of the spectral shaping caused by pinna, head, and upper torso in the case of a high-level pulse.... This conjecture was tested in headphone experiments on filtered click discrimination.  2, record 7, English, - filtered%20click

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Multiplex DNA sequencing : The increasing demand for DNA sequences can be met by replacement of each DNA sample in a device with a mixture of N samples so that the normal throughput is increased by a factor of N. Such a method is described. In order to separate the sequence information at the end of the processing, the DNA molecules of interest are ligated to a set of oligonucleotide "tags" at the beginning. The tagged DNA molecules are pooled, amplified, and chemically fragmented in 96-well plates. The resulting reaction products are fractionated by size on sequencing gels and transferred to nylon membranes. These membranes are then probed as many times as there are types of tags in the original pools, producing, in each cycle of probing, autoradiographs similar to those from standard DNA sequencing methods.  1, record 8, English, - multiplex%20DNA%20sequencing

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La méthode de séquençage multiplex : Plusieurs bibliothèques génomiques sont construites dans des vecteurs plasmidiques contenant chacun une séquence nucléotidique particulière, séquence cible spécifique. Des lots de 20 colonies provenant de chacune des 20 bibliothèques sont alors formés et les plasmides de chaque lot sont purifiés. La digestion enzymatique permet d'exciser les inserts contenant les fragments d'ADN génomique flanqués de leurs deux séquences cibles. Les opérations de séquençage sont alors effectuées selon la méthode chimique de Maxam et Gilbert, et les fragments obtenus sont séparés sur gel de polyacrylamide par électrophorèse. Une sonde correspondant à la séquence caractéristique du vecteur est utilisée pour révéler les fragments issus de ce clone.  1, record 8, French, - m%C3%A9thode%20de%20s%C3%A9quen%C3%A7age%20multiplex

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In the context of the discussion on geotextiles in Section 2.8.2.3, this could be called a geogrid effectiveness factor.  1, record 9, English, - geogrid%20effectiveness%20factor

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Geogrid: A deformed or nondeformed netlike polymeric material used with foundation, soil, rock, earth, or any other geotechnical engineering-related material as an integral part of human-made project structure or system.  1, record 9, English, - geogrid%20effectiveness%20factor

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 2 OBS

FEF [fabric effectiveness factor] is the ratio of the cycles to failure of the fabric reinforced specimens to the control specimen without fabric.  1, record 9, English, - geogrid%20effectiveness%20factor

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 3 OBS

The key toward the reinforcement-based design of geotextiles in reflective crack prevention in bituminous pavement overlays is the fabric' s effectiveness as determined by laboratory testing or experience. Quantitatively, it is defined as follows : FEF=N_r</sub>/N_n</sub> where FEF=fabric effectiveness factor, N_r</sub>=number of load cycles to cause failure in the fabric-reinforced case, N_n</sub>=number of load cycles to cause failure in the nonreinforced case. Values of FEF vary widely when based on laboratory tests(as they usually are), the range being from 2. 1 to 15. 9....  1, record 9, English, - geogrid%20effectiveness%20factor

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Routes. Interfaces antifissures [...] Pour dimensionner correctement une structure, il faut tout d'abord définir le type de fissure à traiter (fatigue, retrait thermique), puis prendre en compte le genre de structure de chaussée (rigide, semi-rigide, souple). On se posera enfin la question sur l'efficacité d'une structure textile en relation avec les sollicitations auxquelles elle sera soumise.  1, record 9, French, - coefficient%20d%27efficacit%C3%A9%20d%27une%20grille

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Grille : Type de géotextile constitué d'une superposition ou d'un entrecroisement, ou d'un liage de fils, filaments, bandelettes, etc., et présentant une structure ouverte, c'est-à-dire dont les ouvertures ont des dimensions très supérieures aux dimensions apparentes des constituants.  2, record 9, French, - coefficient%20d%27efficacit%C3%A9%20d%27une%20grille

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

the ratio of the cycles to failure of the fabric reinforced specimens to the control specimen without fabric.  1, record 10, English, - fabric%20effectiveness%20factor

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The key toward the reinforcement-based design of geotextiles in reflective crack prevention in bituminous pavement overlays is the fabric' s effectiveness as determined by laboratory testing or experience. Quantitatively, it is defined as follows : FEF=N_r</sub>/N_n</sub> where FEF=fabric effectiveness factor, N_r</sub>=number of load cycles to cause failure in the fabric-reinforced case, N_n</sub>=number of load cycles to cause failure in the nonreinforced case. Values of FEF vary widely when based on laboratory tests(as they usually are), the range being from 2. 1 to 15. 9....  1, record 10, English, - fabric%20effectiveness%20factor

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Routes. Interfaces antifissures (...) Pour dimensionner correctement une structure, il faut tout d'abord définir le type de fissure à traiter (fatigue, retrait thermique), puis prendre en compte le genre de structure de chaussée (rigide, semi-rigide, souple). On se posera enfin la question sur l'efficacité d'une structure textile en relation avec les sollicitations auxquelles elle sera soumise.  2, record 10, French, - coefficient%20d%27efficacit%C3%A9%20d%27une%20structure%20textile

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Coefficient utilized in the theory of consolidation, containing the physical constants of a soil that effect its rate of volume change.  2, record 11, English, - coefficient%20of%20consolidation

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The term cv is the coefficient of consolidation from the usual laboratory consolidation test; N is the number of pervious boundaries, one or two; and T is the time factor, a dimensionless parameter.  3, record 11, English, - coefficient%20of%20consolidation

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le terme cv représente le coefficient de consolidation déduit de l'essai courant en laboratoire, N est le nombre des faces drainantes (une ou deux) et T le facteur temps, paramètre sans dimension.  2, record 11, French, - coefficient%20de%20consolidation

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Loose-leaf binder. Heat seal shall have a tensile breaking factor of not less than 30 N/cm when tested.  1, record 12, English, - heat%2Dseal

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le joint thermoscellé doit présenter une résistance à la traction d'au moins 30 N/cm lorsqu'il est éprouvé.  1, record 12, French, - joint%20thermoscell%C3%A9

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[Thurstone's] factor analysis of tests given to large numbers of individuals indicate that there are at least seven primary mental abilities. These are : 1. verbal ability(V)... 2. Number(N)... 3. Spatial(S)... 4. Perceptual(P)... 5. Memory(M)... 6. Reasoning(R)... 7. Word Fluency(WF)...  1, record 13, English, - Thurstone%26rsquo%3Bs%20Theory%20of%20Primary%20Mental%20Abilities

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[Thurstone] dénombre [des] aptitudes primaires : la mémoire (M), l'aptitude numérique (N), l'aptitude perceptive, le raisonnement (R), la visualisation spatiale, la compréhension verbale (V), la fluidité verbale (W) (...)  2, record 13, French, - th%C3%A9orie%20des%20aptitudes%20mentales%20primaires%20de%20Thurstone

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

"Structure des facteurs N" (sous-titre).  1, record 14, French, - facteur%20N

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish