TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

High aspect ratio, or fiber-shaped, nanoparticles(HARNs), represent a growth area in nanotechnology as their useful properties become more apparent. Carbon nanotubes, the best known and studied of the HARNs, are handled on an increasingly large scale, with subsequent potential for human inhalation exposure. Their resemblance to asbestos fibers precipitated fears that they might show the same type of pathology as that caused by asbestos and there is emerging evidence to support this possibility. The large number of other HARNs, including nanorods, nanowires and other nanofibers, require similar toxicological scrutiny. In this article, we describe the unusual hazard associated with fibers, with special reference to asbestos, and address the features of fibers that dictate their pathogenicity as developed in the fiber pathogenicity paradigm. This paradigm is a robust structure-toxicity model that identifies thin, long, biopersistent fibers as the effective dose for fiber-type pathogenic effects. It is likely that HARNs will in general conform to the paradigm and such an understanding of the features that make fibers pathogenic should enable us to design safer HARNs.  3, record 1, English, - high%20aspect%20ratio%20nanoparticle

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 2 CONT

(Nanowerk News) A UK consortium of scientists, led by the Institute of Occupational Medicine, Edinburgh, has published a key report examining whether high aspect ratio nanoparticles (HARN) should raise the same concerns as asbestos fibres. HARN includes materials such as carbon nanotubes (CNT) and metal nanowires. The review, which was published by DEFRA [Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs] this week, identified many similarities between HARN and asbestos with regard to their physico-chemical properties and toxicological effects, and it concluded that there is sufficient evidence to suggest that HARN, which have the same characteristics (diameter, length and biopersitance) as pathogenic fibres such as asbestos, are likely to have similar pathology.  4, record 1, English, - high%20aspect%20ratio%20nanoparticle

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

HARNs: plural.  2, record 1, English, - high%20aspect%20ratio%20nanoparticle

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les nano-objets sont des structures fabriquées volontairement dont une, deux ou trois dimensions extérieures sont de l’ordre nanométrique (entre 1 et 100 nm environ). Les nanoparticules et les nanofibres (respectivement trois et deux dimensions extérieures nanométriques) sont deux catégories importantes de nano-objets. Les nanoparticules sont obtenues par réduction de grosses particules ou par synthèse. Les nanofibres peuvent également avoir une forme tubulaire, tels les nanotubes de carbone; ces derniers peuvent être monoparoi (ou monofeuillet, SWCNT en anglais pour Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes) ou multiparois (ou multifeuillets, MWCNT en anglais pour Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes). Pour les nanofibres, lorsque le rapport entre la longueur et le diamètre est élevé, on parle de nanoparticules à fort aspect ratio (HARN en anglais pour High Aspect Ratio Nanoparticles).  2, record 1, French, - nanoparticule%20%C3%A0%20rapport%20d%27%C3%A9longation%20%C3%A9lev%C3%A9

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le diamètre des nanoparticules varie du nanomètre à quelques dizaines de nanomètres, et leur longueur, du micromètre à plusieurs millimètres. Ces dimensions leur confèrent un rapport d'élongation (longueur sur diamètre) élevé, ainsi que des propriétés toxicologiques similaires à celles de l'amiante.  1, record 1, French, - nanoparticule%20%C3%A0%20rapport%20d%27%C3%A9longation%20%C3%A9lev%C3%A9

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The measure of the severity of the disease caused by a specific infectious agent.  2, record 2, English, - virulence

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Even though they are two different concepts, some authors use "pathogenicity" and its synonym "pathogenic potential" to refer to virulence.  2, record 2, English, - virulence

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Mesure de la gravité de la maladie causée par un agent infectieux donné.  2, record 2, French, - virulence

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Même s'il s'agit de deux notions différentes, certains auteurs utilisent «pathogénicité» et son synonyme «pouvoir pathogène» pour désigner la virulence.  2, record 2, French, - virulence

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The capability of a pathogen to cause a disease.  2, record 3, English, - pathogenicity

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Even though they are different concepts, some authors use "virulence" to refer to pathogenicity.  2, record 3, English, - pathogenicity

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Capacité d'un agent pathogène de causer une maladie.  2, record 3, French, - pathog%C3%A9nicit%C3%A9

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Même s'il s'agit de deux notions différentes, certains auteurs utilisent «virulence» pour désigner la pathogénicité.  2, record 3, French, - pathog%C3%A9nicit%C3%A9

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[…] capacidad de un agente infeccioso de producir enfermedad en un huésped susceptible.  3, record 3, Spanish, - patogenicidad

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 PHR

alto grado de patogenicidad, bajo grado de patogenicidad, grado de patogenicidad  4, record 3, Spanish, - patogenicidad

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[A] substance or product, with the exemption of pathogenic micro-organisms, which is present in or on the product intended for animal feeding and which constitutes a potential danger to animal or human health or the environment or could negatively affect livestock and/or aquaculture production.  1, record 4, English, - undesirable%20substance

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[The presence of] pathogenic or other microorganisms at levels that have the potential to cause an adverse health effect.  2, record 5, English, - microbial%20hazard

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[Présence d']agents pathogènes ou autres microorganismes en concentrations suffisantes pour avoir un effet néfaste sur la santé.  2, record 5, French, - danger%20microbien

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] guía para reducir los riesgos microbianos en frutas y verduras, en la que [se] incluye una serie de buenas prácticas agrícolas en el cultivo, embalaje y transporte de la mayoría de las frutas y vegetales frescos.  1, record 5, Spanish, - riesgo%20microbiano

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An animal or plant that carries any species, strain or biotype of plant or animal, or any pathogenic agent, and that acts as a potential source of infection or disease.  2, record 6, English, - pest%20carrier

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Animal ou végétal susceptible de transmettre une espèce, une souche ou un biotype de végétal ou d’animal nuisible ou un agent pathogène, en tant que source potentielle d’infection ou de maladie.  2, record 6, French, - vecteur%20d%26rsquo%3Borganisme%20nuisible

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Although less well-known than the... project to decode the entire human genome, the potential payoffs of efforts to sequence pathogenic microbes have begun to arouse scientific excitement.  2, record 7, English, - pathogenic%20microbes

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.  3, record 7, English, - pathogenic%20microbes

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Term usually used in the plural.  3, record 7, English, - pathogenic%20microbes

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les aliments qui entrent dans la cuisine contiennent tous des microbes saprophytes et bien souvent des microbes pathogènes et/ou des parasites.  2, record 7, French, - microbes%20pathog%C3%A8nes

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture.  3, record 7, French, - microbes%20pathog%C3%A8nes

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Terme utilisé le plus souvent au pluriel.  3, record 7, French, - microbes%20pathog%C3%A8nes

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish