TERMIUM Plus^®

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Phosphorus spectroscopy gives access to the detection of the high-energy phosphorylated metabolites ATP [adenosine triphosphate] and phosphocreatine(PCr), of the phosphate ion(Pi), and phosphomonoesters and phosphodiesters.... Phosphorus spectroscopy is widely used to perform in vivo fully atraumatic biochemical studies...  1, record 1, English, - phosphorus%20spectroscopy

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

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El estudio directo de la bionergética muscular que se realizó en estos mismos pacientes con la técnica de espectroscopia del fósforo con resonancia nuclear magnética objetivó, además, que el rendimiento energético muscular, en la insuficiencia renal crónica (IRC), es inferior a lo normal y que el pH intracelular parece ser un factor clave en la fisiopatología de este fenómeno.  1, record 1, Spanish, - espectroscopia%20del%20f%C3%B3sforo

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

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While pipetting systems typically concentrate on liquid transfer, liquid handling robots can have integrated additional modules such as heaters, shakers, or polymerase chain reaction(PCR) modules, which also enable further sample preparation steps to be processed on the system.  3, record 2, English, - liquid%2Dhandling%20robot

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

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Quantitative PCR... indicates not just whether a specific DNA segment is present in a sample, but also how much of it is there.... Quantitative PCR is used... to help search for and evaluate targets, i. e. the sites in the body at which new drugs can act.... the number of working copies of a specific gene [can be] measured by quantitative PCR.... By comparing the profiles in healthy and ill people it is possible to determine... whether a gene... is associated with the development or progression of a disease.... Another important application of quantitative PCR is in molecular diagnosis, i. e. the diagnosis of diseases [particularly viral diseases] based on molecular findings rather than on physiological symptoms.  4, record 3, English, - quantitative%20PCR

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PCR consists in the selective amplification of a given DNA sequence from a pathogen's genome.... PCR can be quantitative, i. e. it can evaluate the viral or bacterial load(number of pathogen per milliliter of blood), which can be very useful to follow the effect of an antibiotic or antiviral therapy.  5, record 3, English, - quantitative%20PCR

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QPCR : Although this abbreviation is widely used to refer to "quantitative PCR", it is also sometimes used to refer to "qualitative PCR".  6, record 3, English, - quantitative%20PCR

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

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[...] le virus se multiplie activement dans le foie et peut être détecté dans le sang par [la] PCR qui permet d'amplifier la présence de brins de virus actif (ARN). Il existe deux modalités, l'une globale ou PCR qualitative, l'autre plus précise mesurant le nombre de particules virales circulantes ou PCR quantitative [qui permet] de mesurer la charge virale avant [un] traitement et d'en suivre le taux durant celui-ci.  3, record 3, French, - PCR%20quantitative

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La PCR quantitative [...] ne détecte pas des quantités de virus aussi faibles que la PCR qualitative, mais elle permet de mesurer la quantité de virus présent dans l'organisme. C'est un reflet de l'importance de la multiplication du virus [...] Elle est également utile lors de la surveillance du traitement. Elle permet d'évaluer son efficacité et [de] savoir s'il faut le poursuivre ou non [...]  4, record 3, French, - PCR%20quantitative

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Record 5,  Textual support,  English

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The polymerase chain reaction(PCR) is a scientific technique in molecular biology to amplify a single or few copies of a piece of DNA across several orders of magnitude, generating thousands to millions of copies of a particular DNA sequence.  3, record 5, English, - polymerase%20chain%20reaction

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A technique used to make numerous copies of a DNA segment.  4, record 5, English, - polymerase%20chain%20reaction

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The method relies on thermal cycling, consisting of cycles of repeated heating and cooling of the reaction for DNA melting and enzymatic replication of the DNA.  3, record 5, English, - polymerase%20chain%20reaction

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PCR test  4, record 5, English, - polymerase%20chain%20reaction

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

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Technique permettant d'obtenir un grand nombre de copies d'un fragment d'ADN.  6, record 5, French, - amplification%20en%20cha%C3%AEne%20par%20polym%C3%A9rase

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Pour en isoler l'ADN, l'échantillon subit solubilisation, centrifugation et précipitation par de l'alcool. Le fragment d'ADN constitutif du transgène recherché est alors sélectivement amplifié, c'est-à-dire répliqué en de nombreux exemplaires. [...] on sépare les deux brins formant l'ADN par chauffage [...] puis on introduit dans le milieu de travail des amorces, qui sont les morceaux d'ADN encadrant le transgène. On ajoute aussi une enzyme, par exemple la Taq-polymérase, qui va, à partir des bases placées en excès dans le milieu, fabriquer le brin complémentaire d'ADN. [...] Pour séparer les transgènes des autres portions d'ADN, on pratique alors une électrophorèse, ou migration différentielle sur gel d'agarose.  7, record 5, French, - amplification%20en%20cha%C3%AEne%20par%20polym%C3%A9rase

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PCR : L'abréviation «PCR» provient du terme anglais «polymerase chain reaction».  6, record 5, French, - amplification%20en%20cha%C3%AEne%20par%20polym%C3%A9rase

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amplification en chaîne par polymérase; ACP : désignations publiées au Journal officiel de la République française le 23 novembre 2006.  8, record 5, French, - amplification%20en%20cha%C3%AEne%20par%20polym%C3%A9rase

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

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Técnica utilizada para hacer copias de moléculas específicas de ADN.  3, record 5, Spanish, - reacci%C3%B3n%20en%20cadena%20de%20la%20polimerasa

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Se calienta la doble hélice de ADN al objeto de separar sus cadenas. La enzima (junto con las subunidades que conforman el ADN y unas breves secuencias cebadoras) fabrica nuevas copias de la hélice original. El proceso se repite ad infinitum.  3, record 5, Spanish, - reacci%C3%B3n%20en%20cadena%20de%20la%20polimerasa

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

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Ready-to-use PCR [polymerase chain reaction] plates, known as pre-spotted plates(PSP), consist of plastic supports for RTi-PCR(e. g. 96-well plates) in which primers and probes from chosen assays are pre-dispensed. PSP facilitate multi-target analyses because a single reaction mixture per sample, containing all reagents except primers and probes, is prepared and then loaded in the appropriate wells.  1, record 6, English, - pre%2Dspotted%20plate

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

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Record 7,  Textual support,  English

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Machine used by scientists to amplify DNA.  2, record 7, English, - thermocycler

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

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Les réactions de séquençage sont des réactions enzymatiques qui mettent en œuvre les outils classiques de la biologie moléculaire : pipette, incubateur et/ou thermocycleur.  3, record 7, French, - thermocycleur

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Tiré du Technoscope.  4, record 7, French, - thermocycleur

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Record 8,  Textual support,  English

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Lee, L. G., C. R. Connell and W. Bloch. 1993. Allelic discrimination by nick-translation PCR with fluorogenic probes. Nucl. Acids Res. 21 : 3761-3766.  2, record 8, English, - nick%20translation%20PCR

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

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De nouvelles machines à PCR ont été conçues de façon à permettre la détection des produits d'amplification extemporanément à leur synthèse. Les méthodes de détection qu'ils mettent en œuvre sont basées sur la liaison à l'ADN, durant la réaction, de marqueurs fluorescents ou de l'activité 5'nucléase des ADN polymérases thermostables. Ce dernier type de PCR peut être qualifié de PCR par déplacement de coupure (nick translation PCR). Il repose sur l'emploi d'une sonde non extensible, spécifique d'un fragment de la séquence à amplifier, aux extrémités de laquelle sont fixés un marqueur fluorescent et une molécule, appelée «quencher», dont la présence peut atténuer l'intensité de fluorescence du marqueur.  1, record 8, French, - PCR%20par%20d%C3%A9placement%20de%20coupure

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Le technoscope.  2, record 8, French, - PCR%20par%20d%C3%A9placement%20de%20coupure

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Record 9,  Textual support,  English

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It is a technique used in genetic studies that allows the detection and quantification of mRNA [messenger ribonucleic acid] It is a very sensitive method that shows whether or not a specific gene is being expressed in a given sample. RT-PCR is a very important test in the field of Genetically-Modified Organisms(GMO's) because it gives researchers a mechanism to test whether any specific gene is turned on(active) or turned off(inactive). This allows researchers to identify the benefits of genetically-modified organisms with respect to their "natural" counterparts and search for any significant differences in which genes are expressed in the two types of organisms.  3, record 9, English, - reverse%20transcription%2Dpolymerase%20chain%20reaction

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

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La PCR et la RT-PCR (reverse transcriptase PCR) permettent la synthèse de millions de copies d'un segment spécifique d'ADN ou d'ARN (après une étape de transcription inverse permettant la synthèse d'un ADNc), grâce à une succession de réactions se faisant à différentes températures : dénaturation de l'ADN cible par rupture des liaisons hydrogène à 94° C, hybridation des amorces sur une séquence complémentaire d'un des brins d'ADN au niveau 3' (entre 37 °C et 68 °C), élongation (à 72 °C le plus souvent) grâce aux dNTP ajoutés dans le milieu réactionnel et à une enzyme thermostable à activité ADN polymérase (Taq polymérase).  3, record 9, French, - m%C3%A9thode%20PCR%2DCDNA

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Technique de transcription inverse suivie de réaction en chaîne de la polymérase.  5, record 9, French, - m%C3%A9thode%20PCR%2DCDNA

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

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[...] la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa-transcriptasa inversa. Se utiliza para la detección y amplificación de ARN, permite estudiar la expresión de determinados genes (su traducción a proteínas).  2, record 9, Spanish, - reacci%C3%B3n%20en%20cadena%20de%20la%20polimerasa%20con%20transcriptasa%20inversa

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

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DND 1530: form code used by the Department of National Defence and the Canadian Forces.  2, record 10, English, - Canadian%20Forces%20Search%20and%20Rescue%2DPatient%20Care%20Report%28PCR%29

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

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DND 1530 : code de formulaire utilisé par le ministère de la Défense nationale et les Forces canadiennes.  2, record 10, French, - Op%C3%A9ration%20de%20recherche%20et%20de%20sauvetage%20des%20Forces%20canadiennes%20%2D%20Fiche%20du%20patient%20%28FP%29

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

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During the study, we found that the Taq DNA polymerase used for PCR [polymerase chain reaction] adds on a single extra base(usually an A) at the end of a large fraction of the newly synthesized chains. These had to be removed by the Klenow fragment of DNA polymerase to insure restoration of the gene sequence.  3, record 11, English, - Taq%20polymerase

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Used for polymerase chain reaction.  1, record 11, English, - Taq%20polymerase

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

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ADN polymérase thermorésistante extraite de la bactérie Thermus aquaticus et utilisée par l'amplification élective du ADN in vitro [...] à température élevée (aux environs de 70°).  3, record 11, French, - Taq%20polym%C3%A9rase

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Taq : Thermus aquaticus.  4, record 11, French, - Taq%20polym%C3%A9rase

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

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ADN polimerasa termoestable aislada de la bacteria termofílica Thermus aquaticus, muy utilizada en [reacción en cadena de la polimerasa].  1, record 11, Spanish, - polimerasa%20Taq

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

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High-resolution HLA-DRB [human leucocyte antigen-5, 6-dichloro-furanosyl-benzimidazole riboside] typing is required for bone marrow transplantation between unrelated donors and recipients and also for identification of novel HLA-DRB alleles. Here we describe a method for the unambiguous identification of HLA-DRB alleles using the polymerase chain reaction(PCR), denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis(DGGE) and direct sequencing.  1, record 12, English, - denaturing%20gradient%20gel%20electrophoresis

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

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Método de electroforesis para separar fragmentos de ADN del mismo tamaño en función de su secuencia.  1, record 12, Spanish, - electroforesis%20en%20gel%20desnaturalizante%20en%20gradiente

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

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A short unique DNA sequence(200-500 bp long) that can be amplified by PCR [polymerase chain reaction] and is thus tagged to the site on the chromosome from which it was amplified.  4, record 13, English, - sequence%20tagged%20site

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Short (200 to 500 base pairs) DNA sequence that has a single occurrence in the human genome and whose location and base sequence are known. Detectable by polymerase chain reaction, STSs are useful for localizing and orienting the mapping sequence data reported from many different laboratories and serve as landmarks on the developing physical map of the human genome. ... Expressed sequence tags (ESTs) are STSs derived from cDNAs.  1, record 13, English, - sequence%20tagged%20site

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Glossary in molecular biology (portions of the glossary text were taken directly or modified from definitions in the U.S. Congress Office of Technology Assessment document).  1, record 13, English, - sequence%20tagged%20site

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

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Site génomique unique défini par un couple d'amorces.  2, record 13, French, - site%20%C3%A9tiquet%C3%A9%20par%20une%20s%C3%A9quence

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Il existe deux manières d'utiliser les ADNc pour cartographier les gènes correspondants. La première consiste à utiliser l'ADNc comme sonde, l'autre à dériver à partir de sa séquence un marqueur STS (sequence tagged site, site étiqueté par une séquence). Dans les deux cas, les clones d'ADNc sont étudiés un par un.  1, record 13, French, - site%20%C3%A9tiquet%C3%A9%20par%20une%20s%C3%A9quence

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

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Secuencia única de ADN corta (200-500 pb) que puede ser amplificada por[reacción en cadena de la polimerasa] y por lo tanto, marcar el lugar del cromosoma donde se amplificó.  1, record 13, Spanish, - sitio%20de%20secuencia%20marcada

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STS por sus siglas en inglés.  2, record 13, Spanish, - sitio%20de%20secuencia%20marcada

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

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Differential Display(DD)... and a conceptually similar technique, arbitrarily primed PCR fingerprinting of RNA(APPCR) 19, both PCR amplify subsets of an mRNA population and separate the resulting cDNAs by denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Since the introduction of DD in 1992, over 100 reports regarding improvements and/or successful applications have been published. Although DD has the appearance of being technically easy, the road from "band on the gel" to a positive can be treacherous as outlined in a recent commentary. The primary criticisms are(1) a high false positive rate,(2) questioned ability of DD to identify both abundant and rare mRNAs,(3) coding regions of mRNAs are usually not cloned, and(4) verification process is time consuming and usually requires a fair amount of RNA.  5, record 14, English, - differential%20display

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

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En 1992, deux chercheurs du Dana Farber Cancer Institute de Boston (États-Unis), P. Liang et AB Pardee, présentent une nouvelle méthode, le «differential display» (DD) - ou DDRT-PCR (DD reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction) qui permet une étude directe des modifications de l'expression génique [...] P. Liang et AB Pardee ont démontré que la combinaison d'amorces arbitraires et d'amorces spécifiques des ARNm permet de générer un set de fragments d'ADNc représentatifs des ARNm d'une cellule. Dans des conditions appropriées, le profil des fragments dérivés d'un type cellulaire est reproductible et peut être comparé à celui des fragments d'un autre type cellulaire. L'étude directe de l'expression différentielle des gènes devient possible.  2, record 14, French, - technique%20du%20DD

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Outil d'expression génique.  1, record 14, French, - technique%20du%20DD

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

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Método para identificar ARNm que se encuentra a diferentes concentraciones en diferentes tejidos o en respuesta a tratamientos específicos.  1, record 14, Spanish, - visualizaci%C3%B3n%20diferencial

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Los ARNm se convierte a ADNc; una determinada proporción de estos ADNc se amplifican por la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa y se separan por electroforesis.  1, record 14, Spanish, - visualizaci%C3%B3n%20diferencial

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

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Dot blots and reverse dot blots are techniques where PCR products are hybridized with allele specific oligonucleotides(ASOs) for the purpose of scanning for mutations, detecting RNA, cancer, or pathogen  1, record 15, English, - reverse%20dot%20blot

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

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Les produits peuvent selon la technique dite du dot-blot inverse, être hybridés sur une membrane de nylon avec diverses sondes d'ADN porteuses d'un maqueur radioactif ou d'une enzyme.  3, record 15, French, - buvardage%20en%20tache%20inverse

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Hybridation sur tache : Méthode d'hybridation moléculaire entre un acide nucléique directement absorbé sous forme de tache sur un filtre  4, record 15, French, - buvardage%20en%20tache%20inverse

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Record 16,  Textual support,  English

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A short sequence of single-stranded DNA [deoxyribonucleic acid] or RNA [ribonucleic acid] that is paired with one complementary strand of DNA and provides a free 3’-OH end at which a DNA polymerase starts synthesis of a deoxyribonucleotide chain.  2, record 16, English, - primer

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The polymerase chain reaction(PCR) is a method of copying a DNA or RNA strand thousands of times, in a matter of minutes, by using the natural ability of an enzyme called polymerase to copy DNA.... Scientists must know... what DNA sequences flank or frame either ends of the desired portion. Complementary copies of the DNA sequences that flank the ends are created by using special enzymes; they are called primers. They identify the start and end of the copying process.... Since primers are complementary to the beginning and ending regions of the desired portion of the DNA sequence, they will bond to those areas and act as a building block for the copying process to begin and end.  3, record 16, English, - primer

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

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Oligonucléotide qui, hybridé avec une matrice d'acide nucléique, permet à une polymérase d'initier la synthèse du brin complémentaire. [Définition normalisée par l’AFNOR et reproduite avec son autorisation.]  2, record 16, French, - amorce

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Un cycle d'amplification comprend trois étapes : une phase de dénaturation thermique [...] de l'ADN [acide désoxyribonucléique] qui sépare les deux chaînes complémentaires; une phase d'appariement de ces chaînes avec de courts segments d'ADN (oligonucléotides synthétiques appelés amorces) présents en grande quantité et dont la séquence nucléotidique est complémentaire des extrémités de la cible; enfin une phase d'élongation par l'ADN polymérase qui ajoute, à l'extrémité de l'amorce appariée à la cible, les unités de monomères complémentaires à ceux de la séquence cible.  3, record 16, French, - amorce

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Les amorces ont deux fonctions, le repérage de l'ADN recherché, puis l'amorçage de la réplication de cet ADN par un ADN polymérase.  4, record 16, French, - amorce

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

amorce : terme normalisé par l’AFNOR et publié au Journal officiel de la République française le 22 septembre 2000.  5, record 16, French, - amorce

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

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Oligonucleótido de tamaño pequeño que, al hibridar con un molde de ADN de un hebra, le proporciona una estructura bicatenaria a partir de la cual, la ADN polimerasa sintetizará una nueva hebra de ADN para producir una molécula dúplex.  1, record 16, Spanish, - cebador

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

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Each 96-well plate includes SYBR [Synergy Brands] Green-optimised primer sets for a thoroughly researched panel of relevant, pathway-or disease-focused genes. The arrays can also be customised to contain a panel of genes tailored to a specific research interests. The design and master mix formulation facilite the PCR [polymerase chain reaction] array to amplify 96 different gene-specific products simultaneously under uniform cycling conditions.  3, record 17, English, - polymerase%20chain%20reaction%20array

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS

PCR : polymerase chain reaction.  4, record 17, English, - polymerase%20chain%20reaction%20array

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS

PCR : Réaction en chaîne de la polymérase.  3, record 17, French, - biopuce%20%C3%A0%20produits%20PCR

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

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A technique based on polymerase chain reaction(PCR) amplification of DNA fragment using single primer with an arbitrary nucleotide sequence.  2, record 18, English, - random%20amplification%20of%20polymorphic%20DNA

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Random amplification of polymorphic DNA analysis, assay, marker, method, technique.  2, record 18, English, - random%20amplification%20of%20polymorphic%20DNA

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Technique de génotypage basée sur la PCR [réaction en chaîne de la polymérase] dans laquelle une matrice génomique est amplifiée par une seule amorce courte (généralement 10-mer [unité monomère]) choisie aléatoirement.  1, record 18, French, - amplification%20al%C3%A9atoire%20de%20l%27ADN%20polymorphe

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Analyse, essai, marqueur, méthode, technique d'amplification aléatoire de l'ADN polymorphe.  2, record 18, French, - amplification%20al%C3%A9atoire%20de%20l%27ADN%20polymorphe

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

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Técnica de genotipado, basada en la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa, en la que se amplifica un molde genómico con un único cebador corto (10 nucleótidos) elegido al azar.  1, record 18, Spanish, - ADN%20polim%C3%B3rfico%20amplificado%20al%20azar

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Los fragmentos obtenidos son el resultado de la amplificación de regiones de hasta 2 kpb [kilo pares de bases] de longitud, que se separan por electroforesis.  1, record 18, Spanish, - ADN%20polim%C3%B3rfico%20amplificado%20al%20azar

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

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Animal and human(normal and osteoarthritic) chondrocytes can now be cultivated under various physical and chemical conditions in the presence of active exogenous factors, such as growth factors, vitamins, and anti-osteoarthritis preparations, owing to the development of culture models including organotypic, high density and three-dimensional models. The molecular biology approach to this research... has resulted in stable lines of chondrocytes(e. g. MC 615 from mice) and a comparison of the genetic expression of these cells at different stages of differentiation by substractive hybridization or differential PCR screening.  3, record 19, English, - substractive%20hybridization

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Differential gene expression occurs in the process of development, maintenance, injury, and death of unicellular as well as complex organisms. Differentially expressed genes are usually identified by comparing steady-state mRNA concentrations. Electronic substraction (ES), substractive hybridization (SH), and differential display (DD) are methods commonly used for this purpose.  4, record 19, English, - substractive%20hybridization

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

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À ce jour, les études comparatives de l'expression génique reposent essentiellement sur l'hybridation soustractive (ou technique de banques soustractives). Cette technique permet de détecter les espèces d'ARNm présentes dans une cellule particulière par différence avec les ARNm d'une cellule prise comme référence. Le séquençage des ADNc complémentaires obtenus, puis leur comparaison avec les banques de gènes permet l'identification des ARNm surexprimés dans la cellule étudiée.  1, record 19, French, - hybridation%20soustractive

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Outil d'expression génique.  2, record 19, French, - hybridation%20soustractive

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 20,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The super Tth DNA polymerase from thermus thermophilus exhibits template-independent terminal transferase(extendase) activity. This enzyme is proposed as a cheap alternative for both high performance PCR as well as quick T-vector cloning of amplicons, including reverse transcription and cDNA cloning.  1, record 20, English, - extendase%20activity

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Cette polymérase [la Taq polymérase] (qui n'a pas d'activité proof-reading) possède une activité extendase séquence dépendante, et ajoute éventuellement des adénosines aux extrémités 3' des brins polymérisés.  1, record 20, French, - activit%C3%A9%20extendase

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 21,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Short tandem repeat polymorphisms, also referred to as variable number of tandem repeats(VNTRs), are very important to scientists, because they can be used to identify individuals genetically. Marker systems are used to detect loci that respond to restriction enzyme cleavage by producing a fragment that can have many different lengths. This polymorphism is due to variation in the number of tandem repeats. VNTRs can be identified in various ways. Probes can be developed which will hybridize to complementary sequences after RFLP has been performed on a sample of genomic DNA(Southern blots). A second method involves the use of PCR. If the sequence surrounding the VNTR is known, PCR primers(oligonucleotides) can be designed to amplify the repeat region(s). The information obtained from these experiments is useful in the fields of forensics, population characterization, human gene mapping, identification of genes involved in disease, relationship testing, and identifying genes of interest such as those that encode proteins containing zinc finge.  3, record 21, English, - variable%20number%20of%20tandem%20repeats

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Ces expertises sont actuellement effectuées par l'analyse de l'ADN (Acide DésoxyriboNucléique) au moyen de l'examen du polymorphisme VNTR (Variable Number of Tandem Repeats) qui est un polymorphisme de restriction (RFLP = Restriction Fragments Length Polymorphism). Un VNTR est un polymorphisme de répétition ou de longueur. Il s'agit d'une séquence répétée qui constitue un allèle, dont le nombre de répétitions varie d'un individu à l'autre, et qui se transmet selon les lois de Mendel. Chez un hétérozygote les deux allèles sont visibles; il s'agit donc de marqueurs génétiques co-dominants.  2, record 21, French, - nombre%20variable%20de%20r%C3%A9p%C3%A9titions%20en%20tandem

Record 21,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Secuencias repetidas de ADN, organizadas en tándem, cuyo número de copias es muy variable según el genotipo.  3, record 21, Spanish, - repeticiones%20en%20t%C3%A1ndem%20de%20n%C3%BAmero%20variable

Record 22,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

PCR methods can be expensive, time-consuming and tedious. The ligase detection reaction(LDR) can be used as an alternative to PCR. In this method, homologous DNA sequences, which may differ by a single nucleotide, can be distinguished. These DNA sequences provide the templates to which oligonucleotides probes anneal.  1, record 22, English, - ligase%20detection%20reaction

Record 22,  Textual support,  French

Record 22,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 23,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

TPP has received applications from CBS and HQ (Héma-Québec) to begin genomic amplification testing/nucleic acid testing (GAT)/NAT).  1, record 23, English, - nucleic%20acid%20testing

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Nucleic acid testing, called NAT by blood banks, promises to close that gap. It could virtually eliminate the few cases of HIV that taint blood every year, said Dr. Celso Bianco of the New York Blood Center. And experts predict it will prevent an estimated 84 annual cases of hepatitis C transmission through blood, the vast majority. The government hasn’t mandated NAT-tested blood yet because technically it's still experimental. Genetic fingerprinting is commonplace in laboratories, where it's called PCR, for polymerase chain reaction testing. But how to test the entire blood supply raises questions, and blood banks are using different strategies to implement the new technology.  3, record 23, English, - nucleic%20acid%20testing

Record 23,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Test sanguin utilisé pour détecter certains virus dans le sang de donneurs potentiels.  2, record 23, French, - test%20des%20acides%20nucl%C3%A9iques

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Équivalent fourni par un membre du personnel d'Héma-Québec.  2, record 23, French, - test%20des%20acides%20nucl%C3%A9iques

Record 23,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 24,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

PCR consists in the selective amplification of a given DNA sequence from a pathogen's genome. In qualitative PCR, the presence of an amplification product is checked by gel electrophoresis...  3, record 24, English, - qualitative%20PCR

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 2 CONT

When PCR is used only for detecting a specific DNA segment, the method is referred to as qualitative PCR.... Qualitative PCR is an extremely sensitive method which is theoretically able to detect a single DNA molecule in a sample solution. In many cases specific genes are copied in this way, e. g. in order to identify pathological changes.... Qualitative PCR is also used around the world in forensic medicine to identify individuals.... only qualitative PCR can determine whether an infection has been eradicated, whether it is chronic(and might therefore progress unnoticed) and whether the individual has been reinfected with a different but related pathogen.  4, record 24, English, - qualitative%20PCR

Record 24,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Examen de biologie moléculaire, réalisé dans des laboratoires spécialisés, permettant, grâce à une technique d'amplification, la détection des brins d'ARN dans le sérum.  3, record 24, French, - PCR%20qualitative

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La PCR qualitative est une technique très sensible c'est-à-dire qu'elle détecte le virus même en très petite quantité dans le sang. [...] Elle est utile lors du diagnostic d'hépatite virale C. Par exemple, si on trouve des anticorps anti-VHC dans le sang d'un individu, [le] médecin fait [...] réaliser une PCR qualitative qui confirme ou non la persistance du virus dans l'organisme. [La PCR qualitative] est [aussi] utile lors de la surveillance d'un traitement. Par exemple, le médecin prescrit une PCR qualitative à la fin du traitement de l'hépatite puis 24 semaines après pour savoir si le virus est encore présent ou non, c'est-à-dire si le traitement a été efficace ou non.  4, record 24, French, - PCR%20qualitative

Record 24,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 25,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The amplified fragment length polymorphism(AFLP) technique is one of a number of DNA fingerprinting procedures that takes advantage of the polymerase chain reaction(PCR) to amplify a limited set of DNA fragments from a specific DNA sample...  2, record 25, English, - amplified%20fragment%20length%20polymorphism

Record 25,  Textual support,  French

Record 25,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 26,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The determination of the sex of an embryo, typically by means of PCR [polymerase chain reaction] involving amplification from a small sample of embryonic tissue, using primers specific for a locus on the Y chromosome.  2, record 26, English, - embryo%20sexing

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

FISH [fluorescent in situ hybridisation] is used for the analysis of chromosomes and is the preferred method of embryo sexing for patients at risk of transmitting X-linked diseases.  3, record 26, English, - embryo%20sexing

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 2 CONT

It is now possible to detect some genetic diseases in very early embryos by a procedure known as preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD). [...] PGD has primarily been used to determine the sex of embryos for couples who carry a sex linked disease, such as haemophilia or muscular dystrophy, (which affect only boys). Embryo sexing is achieved by subjecting the biopsied cells to fluorescent in situ hybridisation (FISH) where the X- and Y-chromosomes in the cells are labelled red and green.  4, record 26, English, - embryo%20sexing

Record 26,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Sexage d'embryon. Détermination du sexe d'un embryon avant la naissance. Généralement accomplie par la réaction de polymérisation en chaîne de l'ADN extrait d'un échantillon de tissu embryonnaire. Elle dépend de la disponibilité de marqueurs fiables pour différencier les chromosomes sexuels.  2, record 26, French, - d%C3%A9termination%20du%20sexe%20de%20l%27embryon

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 2 CONT

La réalisation du caryotype foetal doit être proposée en cas de diagnostic prénatal de maladie génique récessive liée au sexe comme la myopathie de Duchenne ou l'hémophilie, la détermination du sexe de l'embryon est nécessaire pour évaluer un premier risque ; seul les garçons sont atteints (un sur deux).  3, record 26, French, - d%C3%A9termination%20du%20sexe%20de%20l%27embryon

Record 26,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Localización de algunos factores que determinan el sexo biológico [del embrión], por ejemplo, los cromosomas sexuales presentes en las células del individuo.  3, record 26, Spanish, - determinaci%C3%B3n%20del%20sexo%20del%20embri%C3%B3n

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Sexaje de embriones. Determinación del sexo del embrión antes del nacimiento. Generalmente se realiza aplicando la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa para amplificar el ADN extraído de una muestra del tejido embrionario. Depende de la disponibilidad de marcadores fiables para el cromosoma sexual diferencial.  4, record 26, Spanish, - determinaci%C3%B3n%20del%20sexo%20del%20embri%C3%B3n

Record 27,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Three families of repetitive sequences have been studied in most detail, including the 35-40 bp [base pair] repetitive extragenic palindromic(REP) sequence, the 124-127 bp enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus(ERIC) sequence, and the 154 bp BOX element. These sequences appear to be located in distinct, intergenic positions all around the chromosome. The repetitive elements may be present in both orientations on the chromosome, and PCR [polymerase chain reaction] primers have been designed to "read outward" from the inverted repeats in REP and ERIC, and from the boxA subunit of BOX. The use of the above primer(s) and PCR leads to the selective amplification of distinct genomic regions located between REP, ERIC or BOX sequences. The corresponding protocols are referred to as REP-PCR, ERIC-PCR and BOX-PCR, respectively, and rep-PCR collectively. Amplified bands are size fractionated through a gel matrix to yield fingerprint patterns resembling "bar codes", analogous to UPC codes used in grocery stores, and function as a signature for specific bacterial strains.  3, record 27, English, - BOX%2DPCR

Record 27,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Technique d'amplification génique effectuée au moyen d'amorces de type BOX afin d'établir l'empreinte génétique d'un microorganisme.  2, record 27, French, - BOX%2DPCR

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 OBS

L'utilisation de l'article semble rare. Par exemple, on parlerait plutôt «d'empreinte génétique par BOX-PCR» que «d'empreinte génétique par la BOX-PCR».  2, record 27, French, - BOX%2DPCR

Record 27,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 28,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Fluorescence-based amplified fragment length polymorphism(fbAFLP) is a novel assay based on the fluorescent analysis of an amplified subset of restriction fragments. The fbAFLP assay involves the selective PCR [polymerase chain reaction] amplification of restriction fragments from a total digest of genomic DNA. The ligation of adapters with primer-specific sites coupled with primers containing selective nucleotides allowed the full potential of PCR to be realized while maintaining the advantages of restriction endonuclease analysis. Fluorescence-based fragment analysis with polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis provides the accurate band sizing required for homology assessment.  5, record 28, English, - fluorescent%20amplified%20fragment%20length%20polymorphism

Record 28,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 OBS

L'utilisation du sigle anglais dans les textes français est fréquente. Toutefois, pour le moment, il ne semble y avoir aucun terme au long consacré en français.  2, record 28, French, - polymorphisme%20par%20fluorescence%20de%20longueur%20de%20fragments%20amplifi%C3%A9s

Record 28,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 29,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Recent media reports have painted a relentlessly gloomy picture of the status of AIDS drug development. Yet much useful information on treatment emerged at the 10th International Conference on AIDS in Yokohama, Japan(August 7-12, 1994). Encouraging treatment developments presented in Yokohama include the following : Recombinant human growth hormone therapy significantly increases weight gain as represented by fat-free lean body mass among people with AIDS-related wasting. AZT treatment dramatically reduces the rate of HIV transmission from mother to infant. Acyclovir co-treatment with anti-HIV therapy significantly increases survival time among people with AIDS. Oral ganciclovir appears to be an effective primary prophylaxis for cytomegalovirus disease. The protease inhibitor drug saquinavir reduces viral load and increases CD4 cell counts significantly more when used in a triple combination with AZT and ddC compared to 2 double combinations(AZT plus ddC or saquinavir plus AZT). Quantitative polymerase chain reaction(PCR) and branched chain DNA(bDNA) testing for measuring HIV load is expected to become a major new tool to help guide individual treatment decisions and to evaluate anti-HIV therapies in clinical studies.  1, record 29, English, - AIDS%20drug

Record 29,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Chaque étape du cycle de réplication du virus est la cible potentielle d'un médicament contre le sida.  1, record 29, French, - m%C3%A9dicament%20contre%20le%20sida

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 2 CONT

[...] l'azidothymidine ou AZT constitue sans aucun doute le plus connu des médicaments du sida.  2, record 29, French, - m%C3%A9dicament%20contre%20le%20sida

Record 29,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Las siglas del síndrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida (sida) se han incorporado al español como un nombre común, por lo cual se escriben en minúsculas.  2, record 29, Spanish, - medicamento%20contra%20el%20sida

Record 30,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Science Operations Area.... The SOA is the other half of the Spacelab laboratory. It is where Principal Investigators(PIs) monitor their experiments during a Spacelab flight. Facilities are provided to each experiment team, if requested. Some experiment teams operate remotely from their university or country via computers. The configuration of the SOA varies greatly from mission to mission.... Experiment teams in the SOA are in constant contact with flight controllers and engineers in the Payload Control Room(PCR) and the Payload Support Room(PSR).  2, record 30, English, - science%20operations%20area

Record 30,  Textual support,  French

Record 30,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 31,  Textual support,  English

Record 31,  Textual support,  French

Record 31,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Programa que le permite al usuario comunicarse y controlar los dispositivos periféricos.  1, record 31, Spanish, - controlador%20de%20program%C3%A1tica%20de%20perif%C3%A9ricos

Record 32,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The P24 antigen test is, like the PCR test and a culture for HIV, a test that detects the presence of HIV in the blood. P24 is one of the several proteins(the protein with a molecular weight of 24, 000) that make up HIV.  1, record 32, English, - p24%20antigen%20test

Record 32,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Ottawa, le 14 mars 1996, la Croix-Rouge met en place la nouvelle épreuve de dépistage de l'antigène p24 du VIH-1 pour les dons de sang puisqu'elle augmentera la sûreté des produits. Cette mesure est en conformité avec la directive de Santé Canada d'aller de l'avant avec cette épreuve de dépistage et fait suite à l'obtention, le 14 mars 1996, d'une licence de la Food and Drug Administration (FDA) des États-Unis pour cette épreuve.  1, record 32, French, - %C3%A9preuve%20de%20d%C3%A9pistage%20de%20l%27antig%C3%A8ne%20p24

Record 32,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 33,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In this context, unbiased estimators are seen to be equally dubious. These estimators have the property that their estimates converge towards the "true" value when the number of observations, N, increases. But what does now happen when there is no true value, and the model underlying the estimator is wrong. "Biased" estimators such as ridge regression, PCR, and PLS are, in addition, giving estimates with smaller variance, i. e. better precision and accuracy, than the "unbiased" estimator for a given N.  1, record 33, English, - ridge%20regression

Record 33,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Proposition du service de traduction de Statistique Canada.  1, record 33, French, - m%C3%A9thode%20de%20r%C3%A9gression%20ridge

Record 33,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 34,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Currently, the multiplex PCR products are frequently used in efforts trying to identify point mutations. The techniques applied include single-strand conformation analysis(SSCA), hetero-duplex analysis(HD) and double-strand conformation analysis(DSCA). With these technologies, polymorphisms can be detected in frequent and in rare polymorphisms.  3, record 34, English, - single%20strand%20conformation%20analysis

Record 34,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Nous présentons les avantages relatifs d'une stratégie de recherche spécifique des mutations qui introduisent une signal d'arrêt prématuré de la synthèse protéique fondée sur le test de troncation des protéines (PTT), par rapport aux techniques classiques de balayage d'un fragment d'ADN ou d'ARN telles que l'électrophorèse en gel de gradient dénaturant (DGGE), l'analyse d'hétéroduplex (HA), l'analyse de conformation de l'ADN en simple brin (SSCA) ou le clivage chimique ou enzymatique de mésappariements (CCM/EMC).  1, record 34, French, - analyse%20de%20conformation%20de%20l%27ADN%20en%20simple%20brin

Record 34,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 35,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A Novel Mutation in the Sex Determining Region on Y(SRY) Gene as an Etiology of Familial Swyer Syndrome. Swyer Syndrome(SWY) is a failure of testicular differentiation that results in 46, XY sex reversed females. Unlike sporadic SWY, familial cases of SWY appear to be transmitted through 46, XX carrier females and maybe due to X-linked or autosomal genes downstream from SRY in the sexual differentiation cascade. Carriers of a mutation in SRY would be expected to be affected with SWY and be sterile. This report describes two siblings with SWY who have been previously found to have a normal SRY gene with polymerase chain reaction(PCR)  4, record 35, English, - sex%20determining%20region%20on%20Y

Record 35,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Gène du chromosome Y qui joue un rôle important dans la détermination du sexe.  4, record 35, French, - g%C3%A8ne%20SRY

Record 35,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 36,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In a family of three affected individuals with this syndrome, a mother and two children, a missense mutation(Asn47Lys) in the paired domain of PAX3 was initially detected by SSCP analysis. PCR amplification using an oligonucleotide with a terminal 3’-residue match for the C-to-G transversion in codon 47 showed the presence of this mutation in the DNA from all affected members.  3, record 36, English, - paired%20domain

Record 36,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Fonction des gènes Pax : synergie de liaison à l'ADN entre le domaine paired et l'homéodomaine. Les gènes du développement Pax, codant pour des régulateurs de transcription, sont caractérisés par la présence d'un domaine paired (PD) capable de se lier à l'ADN.  1, record 36, French, - domaine%20paired

Record 36,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 37,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A further advantage of this continuous flow PCR ’lab-on-a-chip’ is that cross-contamination of chemicals is far less of a problem than in a stationary tube format. The benefit to users is that the PCR chip may be reused for longer periods without cleaning.  1, record 37, English, - continuous%20flow%20PCR

Record 37,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[Dans la nouvelle PCR] les réactions n'ont plus lieu dans un tube successivement soumis à trois températures mais au fil d'un flux de réactifs circulant dans un canal qui traverse à plusieurs reprises trois zones de températures distinctes (95, 77 et 60 degrés. Ce canal long de deux mètres est gravé sur une surface de verre de quelques centimètres carrés et serpente selon un motif répétitif à travers les trois zones de température. La longueur des portions de canal traversant ces zones définit la durée de chacune des trois étapes réactionnelles, et le nombre de répétitions détermine le nombre total de cycles d'amplification. La PCR est donc, de la sorte, réalisée en continu.  1, record 37, French, - PCR%20en%20flux%20continu

Record 37,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 38,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The molecular basis of beta thalassemia in Lebanon has previously been studied in a sample of 25 homozygote individuals. The 25 individuals included in that study had all presented at the American University Hospital and, with the exception of one patient, were all of the Muslim religion. With the advent of PCR, new techniques for mutation screening have emerged, among them the Allele Refractory Mutation System(ARMS) based on allele-specific priming of the amplification reaction. We are currently applying this technique in our laboratory in order to screen a larger number of samples from heterozygote individuals, in an effort to complement the previous findings and study the distribution of mutations among different geographical regions and different religious groups...  3, record 38, English, - amplification%20refractory%20mutation%20system%2DPCR

Record 38,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'ARMS-PCR (amplification refractory mutation system) et la STR-PCR (single tandem repeat) occupent d'ores et déjà une place importante dans le diagnostic des maladies héréditaires et des cancers. Toutes les deux impliquent l'amplification par PCR de loci génomiques spécifiques grâce à l'utilisation d'amorces permettant de discriminer des mutations ponctuelles (ARMS-PCR) ou des répétitions en tandem localisées sur un locus particulier (STR-PCR).  2, record 38, French, - m%C3%A9thode%20ARMS%2DPCR

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Méthode d'analyse du génome à des fins diagnostiques.  1, record 38, French, - m%C3%A9thode%20ARMS%2DPCR

Record 38,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 39,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The MPCR Optimizer Kit is the first research kit used to optimize multiplex PCR with high specificity. The 6 MPCR Buffers provided in the Kit ensure that your MPCR is optimized in hours. The Kit has been used to amplify up to 18 DNA fragments from genomic DNA simultaneously. Multiplex RT-PCR can also be optimized by using this Kit in combination with the RT Kit.  1, record 39, English, - multiplex%20PCR

Record 39,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Aujourd'hui la PCR multiplex est une technique efficace.  1, record 39, French, - PCR%20multiplex

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 OBS

LE TECHNOSCOPE  2, record 39, French, - PCR%20multiplex

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Amplification simultanée, à l'aide de couples d'amorces appropriés, de plusieurs fragments de taille différentes.  1, record 39, French, - PCR%20multiplex

Record 39,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 40,  Textual support,  English

Record 40,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Aux Services gouvernementaux de télécommunications et d'informatique, de TPSGC [Travaux publics et Services gouvernementaux Canada].  1, record 40, French, - Demande%20de%20changement%20de%20produit

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Source(s) : Services de gestion des applications, SGTI [Services gouvernementaux de télécommunications et d'informatique], TPSGC.  1, record 40, French, - Demande%20de%20changement%20de%20produit

Record 40,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 41,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A duplex PCR was developed to detect Potato Leaf Roll Virus and PVY from the same sample. PCR methods can detect nucleic acids.  1, record 41, English, - duplex%20PCR

Record 41,  Textual support,  French

Record 41,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 42,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Fluorescent PCR : A New Technique for PGD of Sex and Single-Gene Defects. For single-cell diagnosis, particularly preimplantation genetic diagnosis to be successful four main criteria must be achieved : sensitivity, reliability, accuracy, and identification/elimination of contamination... Fluorescent PCR achieves all four necessary criteria and, in addition, currently allows genes on up to nine chromosomes to be simultaneously investigated.  1, record 42, English, - fluorescent%20PCR

Record 42,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le principe de la PCR fluorescente est d'utiliser des oligonucléotides marqués par un fluorochrome. La détection du signal fluorescent se fait à l'aide d'un séquenceur automatique.  1, record 42, French, - PCR%20fluorescente

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Technique susceptible d'améliorer le diagnostic génétique préimplantatoire.  2, record 42, French, - PCR%20fluorescente

Record 42,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 43,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A novel herpes virus called Herpes Virus Eight has been found in over 90% of all individuals infected or not with HIV but with KS. In addition over 25% of the general population(without HIV or KS) are positive for this virus as measured with a nested PCR technique.  1, record 43, English, - nested%20PCR%20technique

Record 43,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Une technique a été développée pour lutter contre les amplifications parasites et s'assurer que la bande observée correspond bien à la séquence recherchée. Cette technique appelée PCR «nichée» (nested PCR), consiste à réaliser deux PCR successives en utilisant des couples d'amorces différents, le deuxième couple d'amorces encadrant une séquence incluse dans celle qui est amplifiée par le premier couple d'amorces. Ainsi si le premier couple d'amorces est artéfactuelle, lors de la deuxième PCR les amorces du deuxième couple ne pourront pas s'hybrider et il n'y aura pas d'amplification. Cette technique permet d'augmenter dans le même temps la spécificité et le taux d'amplification. Elle est particulièrement souhaitée lorsque la quantité de départ est faible.  1, record 43, French, - PCR%20par%20amorces%20incluses

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Dans ces cellules, ces transcrits illégitimes sont en quantité infime (une seule copie de mRNA pour 100 à 1000 cellules), mais sont cependant amplifiables en recouvrant à deux séries successives de 20 cycles de PCR, en utilisant pour le second tour des amorces incluses (nested PCR).  1, record 43, French, - PCR%20par%20amorces%20incluses

Record 43,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 44,  Textual support,  French

Record 44,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 45,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Technological developments have made possible extension of the polymerase chain reaction(PCR) analysis to individual cells to localize DNA/RNA with non-radioactive labels at the light microscopic level. This approach, In Situ PCR, is particularly useful in resolving low-frequency message expression in mixed populations of cells and tissues. We have established a working protocol for direct In Situ PCR and have utilized several controls to validate our results.  1, record 45, English, - In%20Situ%20PCR

Record 45,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le diagnostic en biologie, tout particulièrement en biologie cellulaire, a connu un essor important ces deux dernières décennies grâce à l'apparition de techniques d'hybridation in situ et plus récemment d'amplification génique. La PCR (polymerase chain reaction) in situ, qui résulte de la combinaison de ces deux méthodologies, s'avère être une technique morphologique puissante et innovante pour l'identification de séquences d'acides nucléiques rares au sein de cellules ou de tissus.  1, record 45, French, - PCR%20in%20situ

Record 45,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 46,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Technological developments have made possible extension of the polymerase chain reaction(PCR) analysis to individual cells to localize DNA/RNA with non-radioactive labels at the light microscopic level. This approach, In Situ PCR, is particularly useful in resolving low-frequency message expression in mixed populations of cells and tissues. We have established a working protocol for direct In Situ PCR and have utilized several controls to validate our results.  2, record 46, English, - direct%20In%20Situ%20PCR

Record 46,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Son principe repose sur l'utilisation de nucléotides pouvant être marqués avec un radio-isotope. Les produits amplifiés sont alors révélés par autoradiographie. Cependant, les contraintes d'utilisation de ces produits marqués ainsi que leur pouvoir de résolution limité leur font souvent préférer les nucléotides froids.  1, record 46, French, - PCR%20in%20situ%20directe

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Cette méthode de révélation est très spécifique et peut être comparée dans son principe au transfert de Southern (Southern blot) qui est, entre autres, employé pour confirmer les résultats obtenus par PCR liquide.  1, record 46, French, - PCR%20in%20situ%20directe

Record 46,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 47,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The residents will be exposed to the following areas : protein electrophoresis and immunofixation; direct and indirect immunofluorescence and enzyme immunohistology procedures; flow cytometry, including DNA ploidy/cell cycle analysis; anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies(ANCA) and anti-nuclear antibodies; enzyme immunoassay; in situ hybridization; and direct and indirect in situ PCR.  1, record 47, English, - indirect%20PCR%20in%20situ

Record 47,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Son principe est basé sur l'incorporation des nucléotides non marqués. La détection des produits amplifiés est réalisée par hybridation in situ classique grâce à des sondes radiomarquées ou couplées à un haptène.  1, record 47, French, - PCR%20in%20situ%20indirecte

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Cette méthode de révélation est très spécifique et peut être comparée dans son principe au transfert de Southern (Southern blot) qui est, entre autres, employé pour confirmer les résultats obtenus par PCR liquide.  1, record 47, French, - PCR%20in%20situ%20indirecte

Record 47,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 48,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Direct Sequencing of Long PCR Products, pg. 4. Magnetic strand Separation & Purification of Both DNA Strands. There are several methods for preparing single-stranded DNA from PCR products, such as long PCR...  1, record 48, English, - long%20PCR

Record 48,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'optimalisation des performances des ADN polymérases et l'utilisation judicieuse des caractéristiques propres à chacun permet, aujourd'hui, la synthèse de fragments d'ADN de plusieurs dizaines de milliers de paires de bases. De nouveaux champs d'application dans la pratique médicale s'ouvrent pour cette technique. L'étude de la structure des gènes, l'étude des génomes viraux ou des ADN mitochondriaux devraient s'en trouver facilitées. Par exemple, la PCR longue permet d'aborder les réarrangements de l'ADN mitochondrial sous un angle nouveau, tant qualitatif que quantitatif.  1, record 48, French, - PCR%20longue

Record 48,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 49,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 49, Textual support number: 1 OBS

chemiluminescent: Said of a light produced by direct chemical reaction  2, record 49, English, - chemiluminescent%20system

Record number: 49, Textual support number: 1 CONT

PCR-Light is a rapid and ultra-sensitive chemiluminescent system for the accurate quantitation of DNA or RNA amplified by the polymerase chain reaction(PCR). PCR-Light uses CSPD high-performance chemiluminescent substrate for alkaline phosphatase and Sapphire-II luminescence enhancer for sensitive detection and quantitation of PCR products.  1, record 49, English, - chemiluminescent%20system

Record 49,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 49, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Les hybrides (homoduplex, hétéroduplex) sont visualisés par une autoradiographie, ou une méthode immunoenzymatique. Des systèmes chimiluminescents ont été récemment utilisés mais ils présentent l'inconvénient de nécessiter un équipement coûteux.  1, record 49, French, - syst%C3%A8me%20chimiluminescent

Record 49,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 50,  Textual support,  English

Record 50,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 50, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Source(s): Biofutur, mars 1996, Techno., p. 11.  1, record 50, French, - PCR%20recombinante

Record 50,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 51,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 51, Textual support number: 1 CONT

One approach is single-chromosome microdissection, in which a piece is physically cut from a chromosomal region of particular interest, broken up into smaller pieces, and amplified by PCR or cloning. These fragments can then be mapped and sequenced by the methods previously described.  1, record 51, English, - single%2Dchromosome%20microdissection

Record 51,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 51, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La micro-dissection d'une région chromosomique [...] a été obtenue pour la première fois par Lüdecke et al (1989) [...] Le produit de la dissection de 20 à 40 chromosomes a été digéré par une enzyme de restriction coupant fréquemment, et les fragments obtenus ont été liés à des amorces universelles de clonage, permettant d'effectuer ensuite une micro-amplification par PCR en utilisant ces mêmes amorces. Après clonage du produit d'amplification dans un plasmide, 20 000 clones ont été obtenus.  2, record 51, French, - microdissection%20d%27une%20r%C3%A9gion%20chromosomique

Record 51,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 52,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 52, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A method for in vitro homologous recombination of pools of selected mutant genes by random fragmentation and polymerase chain reaction(PCR) reassembly. Computer simulations called genetic algorithms have demonstrated the importance of iterative homologous recombination for sequence evolution.  1, record 52, English, - DNA%20shuffling

Record number: 52, Textual support number: 1 CONT

As well as addressing the advantages (or lack thereof) of recombination, DNA shuffling provides a powerful tool for improving enzyme function in vitro.  2, record 52, English, - DNA%20shuffling

Record 52,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 52, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La méthode la plus intéressante du point de vue de l'étude de l'évolution [moléculaire], est celle du DNA shuffling. Dans cette technique, l'ADN d'un gène est tronqué en fragments de 10 à 50 paires de bases, qui sont soumis à des cycles répétés de PCR sans amorce. Les produits PCR résultants sont sélectionnés pour leur expression phénotypique. Ce type d'expérience permet de simuler in vitro l'évolution moléculaire de séquences complexes. En mélangeant l'ADN de deux gênes, la création de chimères recombinantes peut également être envisagée.  1, record 52, French, - m%C3%A9thode%20du%20DNA%20shuffling

Record 52,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 53,  Textual support,  English

Record 53,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 53, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Principe de la RCPCR : produit d'une IPCR est mélangé avec celui d'une autre IPCR, laquelle est amorcée à une position différente, sur la même matrice d'origine. Après mélange, dénaturation et réhybridation, les plasmides recombinants hétéroduplex sont transformés. Par le même approche, la mutagénèse sur de très grands plasmides peut être envisagée.  1, record 53, French, - RCPCR

Record 53,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 54,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 54, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A restriction-site independent, single-fragment method for high-efficiency, site-directed mutagenesis.  3, record 54, English, - enzymatic%20inverse%20PCR

Record number: 54, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Enzymatic inverse PCR mutagenesis was developed as a sample and reliable method for the construction of large libraries of site-directed mutants. Enzymatic inverse PCR library mutagenesis uses a single PCR fragment and is restriction-site independent. The usefulness of the technique was demonstrated by the design of a ling. The FV fragment of an antibody specific for a metal chelate was expressed in active form in the penplasma of E. coli.  3, record 54, English, - enzymatic%20inverse%20PCR

Record 54,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 54, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Inverse PCR pour laquelle des sites de restriction de classe IIS sont introduits dans les deux amorces. Après PCR, les extrémités du vecteur linéarisé produits sont clivés par l'enzyme de classe IIS. Après ligation, le vecteur recircularisé est transformé.  1, record 54, French, - EIPCR

Record 54,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 55,  Textual support,  English

Record 55,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 55, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[Elle] repose sur le même principe que la PCRI (polymerase chain reaction 1), mais permet de recombiner deux séquences différentes en utilisant deux matrices d'ADN distinctes pour la première PCR.  1, record 55, French, - SOE%20PCR

Record 55,  Textual support,  Spanish